Grass carp feed additive and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a grass carp feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed additive comprises the following components: sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, phospholipid powder, magnesium and zinc. The several components selected for the grass carp feed additive of the present application play the best wintering protection effect under the synergistic effect, which is much stronger than the effect of using them alone, can prevent the occurrence of excessive consumption of nutrients, organ atrophy and decreased immunity of grass carp, effectively maintain the normal health of wintering grass carp, and avoid the occurrence of "wintering syndrome".

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aquatic feed additives, and relates to a grass carp feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, and specifically relates to an additive for improving the wintering health of grass carp and preventing "wintering syndrome" and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Grass carp is the most widely farmed freshwater fish. In recent years, grass carp often die in large numbers after the beginning of spring, commonly known as "overwintering syndrome", that is, grass carp die in large numbers in the beginning of spring after a long winter. Autopsy shows that the direct causes of death are diverse, and liver and gallbladder problems, enteritis, and parasites are all potential causes. Among them, enteritis is the main direct cause, and drug treatment often aggravates the death, resulting in heavy losses in grass carp farming.

[0003] Inspection of overwintering grass carp revealed that the grass carp had lost a lot of weight, and the nutrients glycogen and protein in the body were consumed in large quantities, weakening its function. After wintering, the grass carp's intestines atrophy, the intestinal mucosa is easy to fall off, the intestinal wall is thin, accompanied by enteritis, and the ability to digest food is poor; the liver also atrophies, the glycogen in the liver cells is consumed in large quantities, the liver cells are deformed, the cell nucleus is shifted, and the function is impaired; the fat and protein in the muscles are also consumed in large quantities. Therefore, overwintering grass carp generally show the characteristics of weak constitution and poor disease resistance.

[0004] The prevention and treatment of grass carp "overwintering syndrome" focuses on maintaining the health of overwintering grass carp. Traditional feeds use increasing feed energy levels as the main way to prepare for overwintering. Fish are cold-blooded animals. As the temperature drops, the activity of various enzymes decreases, and the digestive capacity also decreases. They cannot effectively absorb and utilize the nutrients in the feed, and the deterioration of the bottom soil will lead to an increase in harmful intestinal microorganisms and cause infection. The health of grass carp overwintering is a systemic project of the body. Simply relying on increasing the fat level of the feed cannot solve the problem of grass carp overwintering health.

[0005] In view of this, this application is hereby filed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the embodiments of the present application includes providing a grass carp feed additive, which is added to the basic feed of grass carp to effectively prevent and treat "overwintering syndrome".

[0007] In a first aspect of the present application, a grass carp feed additive is provided, comprising the following components: sucrose fatty acid esters, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salts, dandelion, phospholipid powder, magnesium and zinc.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the feed additive comprises, by mass percentage in the feed additive:

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the feed additive comprises:

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the feed additive comprises:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the feed additive comprises:

[0016]

[0017] In a second aspect of the present application, a method for preparing the grass carp feed additive according to the first aspect is provided, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0018] The components are mixed to prepare the grass carp feed additive.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the component is sieved through a 50-70 mesh screen.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, the component is sieved through a 60-mesh screen.

[0021] In a third aspect of the present application, a grass carp feed is provided, wherein the grass carp feed comprises the grass carp feed additive described in the first aspect and a basic feed.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the amount of the grass carp feed additive added is 0.15-0.2% of the mass of the basic feed.

[0023] Compared with the traditional technology, the beneficial effects of this application include:

[0024] The present application provides an additive for improving the health of grass carp during winter and preventing "wintering syndrome", which can improve the digestive ability of grass carp during wintering, prevent excessive consumption of nutrients in cells, maintain the health of the intestines and liver and the normal function of the body, and improve the health and disease resistance during wintering. The special premix for grass carp during wintering of the present application is a compound combination of sucrose fatty acid esters, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc, which plays a role in promoting digestion and absorption, preventing excessive consumption of liver and intestine atrophy, and maintaining the health of grass carp. Among them, sucrose fatty acid esters, phospholipid powder, xylanase, and taurine synergistically promote fat emulsification, improve enzyme activity, and promote digestion and absorption; curcumin and astragalus polysaccharide effectively repair liver cell damage and improve immune activity; tributyrin, yeast cell wall, and dandelion provide energy for the intestine to promote absorption, inhibit harmful microorganisms, maintain the balance of intestinal microecology, and prevent inflammation. In particular, flavonoids in dandelion have a good inhibitory effect on Aeromonas hydrophila; magnesium and zinc are specific minerals that supplement the body. The effect of the composite combination of several ingredients selected by this additive plays the best wintering protection effect under mutual synergy, which is much stronger than the effect of using it alone. The present invention can prevent the occurrence of excessive consumption of nutrients, organ atrophy, and decreased immunity of grass carp, effectively maintain the normal health of wintering grass carp, and avoid the occurrence of "wintering syndrome". DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and examples. It should be understood that these embodiments and examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The purpose of providing these embodiments and examples is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive. It should also be understood that the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications without violating the connotation of the present invention, and the equivalent form obtained also falls within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, in the description below, a large number of specific details are given in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing implementation modes and embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] the term

[0028] Unless otherwise specified or incompatible herewith, the terms and phrases used herein shall have the following meanings:

[0029] The terms "and / or", "or / and", and "and / or" used in this article include any one of two or more related listed items, and also include any and all combinations of related listed items, and the arbitrary and all combinations include any two related listed items, any more related listed items, or a combination of all related listed items. It should be noted that when at least three items are connected by at least two conjunctions selected from "and / or", "or / and", and "and / or", it should be understood that in this application, the technical solution undoubtedly includes technical solutions that are all connected by "logical and", and undoubtedly includes technical solutions that are all connected by "logical or". For example, "A and / or B" includes three parallel solutions of A, B and A+B. For example, the technical solution of "A, and / or, B, and / or, C, and / or, D" includes any one of A, B, C, and D (that is, the technical solution that is all connected by "logical OR"), and also includes any and all combinations of A, B, C, and D, that is, the combination of any two or any three of A, B, C, and D, and also includes the combination of four of A, B, C, and D (that is, the technical solution that is all connected by "logical AND").

[0030] In the present invention, "plurality", "multiple", "multiple times", "multiple" and the like, unless otherwise specified, refer to a number greater than or equal to 2. For example, "one or more" means one or greater than or equal to two.

[0031] As used herein, "combination thereof", "any combination thereof", "any combination thereof" etc. include all suitable combinations of any two or more of the listed items.

[0032] Herein, the “suitable” mentioned in “suitable combination”, “suitable method”, “any suitable method”, etc., shall be based on the ability to implement the technical solution of the present invention, solve the technical problem of the present invention, and achieve the expected technical effect of the present invention.

[0033] Herein, “preferred”, “better”, “more preferred” and “suitable” are merely used to describe implementation methods or examples with better effects, and it should be understood that they do not constitute limitations on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the present invention, “further”, “furthermore”, “particularly”, etc. are used for descriptive purposes to indicate differences in content, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the present invention, "optionally", "optional", and "optional" mean optional, that is, any one of the two parallel solutions of "yes" or "no". If multiple "options" appear in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "optional" is independent.

[0036] In the present invention, in the "first aspect", "second aspect", "third aspect", "fourth aspect", etc., the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor can they be understood as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. only serve the purpose of non-exhaustive enumeration and description, and it should be understood that they do not constitute a closed limitation on quantity.

[0037] In the present invention, the technical features described in an open manner include closed technical solutions composed of the listed features, and also include open technical solutions containing the listed features.

[0038] In the present invention, when it comes to numerical intervals (i.e., numerical ranges), unless otherwise specified, the optional numerical distribution is considered continuous within the above numerical interval, and includes the two numerical endpoints (i.e., the minimum value and the maximum value) of the numerical range, and each numerical value between the two numerical endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when the numerical interval only refers to the integers within the numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, and each integer between the two endpoints. In this article, it is equivalent to directly listing each integer, such as t is an integer selected from 1 to 10, indicating that t is any integer selected from the group of integers consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges included therein.

[0039] The temperature parameters in the present invention, if not specifically limited, are allowed to be either constant temperature treatment or to vary within a certain temperature range. It should be understood that the constant temperature treatment allows the temperature to fluctuate within the precision range controlled by the instrument. Fluctuations within the range of ±5°C, ±4°C, ±3°C, ±2°C, and ±1°C are allowed.

[0040] In the present invention, % (w / w) and wt% both represent weight percentage, % (v / v) refers to volume percentage, and % (w / v) refers to mass volume percentage.

[0041] All documents mentioned in the present invention are cited as references in this application, just as each document is cited as a reference separately. Unless they conflict with the invention purpose and / or technical solution of the present application, the cited documents involved in the present invention are cited with all contents and all purposes. When the present invention involves cited documents, the definitions of relevant technical features, terms, nouns, phrases, etc. in the cited documents are also cited. When the present invention involves cited documents, the examples and preferred embodiments of the cited relevant technical features may also be incorporated into this application as references, but are limited to the ability to implement the present invention. It should be understood that when the content of the citation conflicts with the description in this application, the present application shall prevail or be modified adaptively according to the description of this application.

[0042] In a first aspect of the present application, a grass carp feed additive is provided, comprising the following components: sucrose fatty acid esters, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salts, dandelion, phospholipid powder, magnesium and zinc.

[0043] In one example, the feed additive comprises, by weight percentage in the feed additive:

[0044]

[0045] In one example, the feed additive comprises:

[0046]

[0047] In one example, the feed additive comprises:

[0048]

[0049] In one example, the feed additive comprises:

[0050]

[0051] In a second aspect of the present application, a method for preparing the grass carp feed additive according to the first aspect is provided, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0052] The components are mixed to prepare the grass carp feed additive.

[0053] In one example, the component is screened through a 50-70 mesh screen.

[0054] In one example, the component is passed through a 60 mesh screen.

[0055] In a third aspect of the present application, a grass carp feed is provided, wherein the grass carp feed comprises the grass carp feed additive described in the first aspect and a basic feed.

[0056] In one example, the amount of the grass carp feed additive added is 0.15-0.2% of the mass of the basic feed.

[0057] Embodiment 1:

[0058] The raw material components of the special additive for overwintering grass carp include: sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc. Calculated by mass percentage, the raw material components are: sucrose fatty acid ester 6%, tributyrin 18%, taurine 10%, curcumin 3%, astragalus polysaccharide 8%, yeast cell wall 10%, xylanase 9%, dandelion 22%, magnesium 2%, zinc 2% and lecithin powder 10%.

[0059] After the raw materials are crushed to 60 mesh, they are mixed evenly according to the above proportions and bagged for storage and use.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] The additive for overwintering grass carp contains sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc. Calculated by mass percentage, the raw material components are: sucrose fatty acid ester 8%, tributyrin 16%, taurine 8%, curcumin 5%, astragalus polysaccharide 9%, yeast cell wall 9%, xylanase 11%, dandelion 20%, magnesium 3%, zinc 2% and lecithin powder 9%.

[0062] The raw material components are crushed to pass 60 mesh, mixed evenly according to the above proportions, and packed in bags for storage and use.

[0063] Embodiment 3:

[0064] The special additive for overwintering grass carp, its raw material components are sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc. Calculated by mass percentage, the raw material components are: sucrose fatty acid ester 7%, tributyrin 16%, taurine 10%, curcumin 4%, astragalus polysaccharide 8%, yeast cell wall 9%, xylanase 11%, dandelion 22%, magnesium 3%, zinc 2% and lecithin powder 8%.

[0065] The raw material components are crushed to pass 60 mesh, mixed evenly according to the above proportions, and packed in bags for storage and use.

[0066] Embodiment 4:

[0067] The additive for overwintering grass carp contains sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc. Calculated by mass percentage, the raw material components are: sucrose fatty acid ester 7%, tributyrin 16%, taurine 10%, curcumin 5%, astragalus polysaccharide 8%, yeast cell wall 9%, xylanase 10%, dandelion 22%, magnesium 3%, zinc 2% and lecithin powder 8%.

[0068] The raw material components are crushed to pass 60 mesh, mixed evenly according to the above proportions, and packed in bags for storage and use.

[0069] Embodiment 5:

[0070] The additive for overwintering grass carp contains sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc. Calculated by mass percentage, the raw material components are: sucrose fatty acid ester 7%, tributyrin 15%, taurine 10%, curcumin 4%, astragalus polysaccharide 10%, yeast cell wall 9%, xylanase 10%, dandelion 22%, magnesium 3%, zinc 2% and lecithin powder 8%.

[0071] The raw material components are crushed to pass 60 mesh, mixed evenly according to the above proportions, and packed in bags for storage and use.

[0072] Embodiment 6:

[0073] The additive for overwintering grass carp contains sucrose fatty acid ester, tributyrin, taurine, curcumin, astragalus polysaccharide, yeast cell wall, xylanase, bile acid salt, dandelion, lecithin powder, magnesium and zinc. Calculated by mass percentage, the raw material components are: sucrose fatty acid ester 8%, tributyrin 16%, taurine 10%, curcumin 3%, astragalus polysaccharide 10%, yeast cell wall 8%, xylanase 9%, dandelion 22%, magnesium 3%, zinc 2% and lecithin powder 9%.

[0074] The raw material components are crushed to pass 60 mesh, mixed evenly according to the above proportions, and packed in bags for storage and use.

[0075] Table 1

[0076] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Sucrose fatty acid esters 6％ 8％ 7％ 7％ 7％ 8％ Tributyrin 18％ 16％ 16％ 16％ 15％ 16％ Taurine 10％ 8％ 10％ 10％ 10％ 10％ Curcumin 3％ 5％ 4％ 5％ 4％ 3％ Astragalus polysaccharide 8％ 9％ 8％ 8％ 10％ 10％ Yeast cell wall 10％ 9％ 9％ 9％ 9％ 8％ Xylanase 9％ 11％ 11％ 10％ 10％ 9％ Dandelion 22％ 20％ 22％ 22％ 22％ 22％ magnesium 2％ 3％ 3％ 3％ 3％ 3％ Zinc 2％ 2％ 2％ 2％ 2％ 2％ Lecithin powder 10％ 9％ 8％ 8％ 8％ 9％

[0077] Farming examples:

[0078] 1. Materials and methods

[0079] Weigh 80g of sucrose fatty acid ester, 160g of tributyrin, 100g of taurine, 30g of curcumin, 100g of astragalus polysaccharide, 80g of yeast cell wall, 90g of xylanase, 220g of dandelion, 30g of magnesium, 20g of zinc, and 90g of lecithin powder, crush through 60 mesh, and mix evenly to make a special additive for wintering (corresponding to Example 6). In terms of percentage in grass carp compound feed, 0% (blank group), 0.1% (T10 group), 0.15% (T15 group), 0.2% (T20 group), and 0.25% (T25 group) were added to grass carp compound feed to make test materials.

[0080] 2. Experimental animals and groups

[0081] 450 grass carps of uniform size (500±10g) and healthy without diseases were selected and divided into 15 groups, 30 in each group. 15 2×2×2 cages were set up in the same pond. According to the experimental grouping, 3 parallels were set up in each group, and the initial weight was weighed.

[0082] 3. Feeding and management

[0083] The breeding cycle is 60 days (winter), simulating actual breeding and feeding according to weather conditions. When feeding, all cages are fed the same amount and at the same time. According to the grouping, each group is fed with feeds with different wintering special additives.

[0084] 4. Data Collection and Analysis

[0085] After the experiment, the weight and length of each group of fish were measured, the fat content in the muscle was measured, and the number of Aeromonas in the intestine of grass carp was checked. The number of Aeromonas reflects the inflammation of the grass carp intestine.

[0086] Table 2. Effects of adding different levels of wintering special additives to feed on grass carp

[0087]

[0088] From the analysis of the results, according to the weight gain rate, liver glycogen content, muscle fat content and fatness index, the experimental groups with additive ratios of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% and 0.25% had higher liver glycogen and muscle fat levels and less fat loss than the blank group. The grass carp in the blank group was thinner, indicating that the grass carp in the blank group consumed more nutrients. The number of Aeromonas in each experimental group was significantly lower than that in the blank group, and the number of enteritis pathogens was small, indicating that the intestine's ability to inhibit harmful bacteria was enhanced; at the same time, the proportion of intestinal mucosa that was easy to fall off was very different between the experimental group and the blank group. The higher proportion of intestinal mucosa that was easy to fall off indicated that the intestinal wall was damaged and more susceptible to bacteria or parasites. Comprehensive analysis showed that the wintering loss of grass carp in each experimental group was significantly less than that of the blank group, and the intestinal health was better than that of the blank group, which had a good preventive effect on "wintering syndrome".

[0089] The suitable proportion of the additive of the present invention is 0.15-0.2% by mass fraction.

[0090] The technical features of the above-mentioned implementation modes and examples can be combined in any appropriate manner. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned implementation modes and examples are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0091] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present invention in detail, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above-mentioned teaching content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and the equivalent forms obtained also fall within the protection scope of this application. It should also be understood that the technical solutions obtained by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution provided by the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments are all within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the content of the attached claims, and the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A feed additive for overwintering grass carp, characterized in that: Measured by mass percentage in the feed additive, the feed additive comprises: Sucrose fatty acid ester 6-9%, Tributyrin 12-18%, Taurine 8-12%, Curcumin 2-5%, Astragalus polysaccharide 8-10%, Yeast cell wall 8-10%, Xylanase 8-12%, Dandelion 20-25%, Lecithin powder 8-10%, Magnesium 2-3%, and Zinc 2-3%.

2. The grass carp feed additive for wintering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed additive comprises: Sucrose fatty acid ester 6-8%, Tributyrin 15-18%, Taurine 8-10%, Curcumin 3-5%, Astragalus polysaccharide 8-10%, Yeast cell wall 8-10%, Xylanase 9-11%, Dandelion 20-22%, Lecithin powder 8-10%, Magnesium 2-3%, and Zinc 2-3%.

3. The grass carp feed additive for wintering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed additive comprises: Sucrose fatty acid esters 7.5-8%, Tributyrin 15.5-16.5%, Taurine 9-10%, Curcumin 3-4%, Astragalus polysaccharide 9.5-10%, Yeast cell wall 8-8.5%, Xylanase 9-10%, Dandelion 21-22% Phospholipid powder 9-10%, Magnesium 2-3%, and Zinc 2-3%.

4. The feed additive for overwintering grass carp according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feed additive comprises: Sucrose fatty acid ester 8%, Tributyrin 16%, Taurine 10%, Curcumin 3%, Astragalus polysaccharide 10%, Yeast cell wall 8%, Xylanase 9%, Dandelion 22%, Magnesium 3%, Zinc 2%, and Lecithin powder 9%.

5. The method for preparing the feed additive for overwintering grass carp according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: The various components are mixed to prepare a feed additive for overwintering grass carp.

6. The method for preparing a feed additive for overwintering grass carp according to claim 5, characterized in that: The components were sieved through a 50-70 mesh screen.

7. The method for preparing a feed additive for overwintering grass carp according to claim 6, characterized in that: The components were passed through a 60 mesh sieve.

8. A grass carp feed, characterized in that: The grass carp feed comprises the wintering grass carp feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a basic feed.

9. The grass carp feed according to claim 8, characterized in that: The added amount of the grass carp feed additive accounts for 0.15-0.2% of the mass of the basic feed.

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