A nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of optical detection, and discloses a nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device, which is designed according to the following steps: Design its structure: a first curved surface (partial ellipsoidal surface) and a second curved surface (partial spherical surface) form a fluorescence collection cavity. The photosensitive surface of the light detector faces the center of the sphere and is perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid, and the center of the photosensitive surface is located at the exact center of the second curved surface; the first focus of the ellipsoid coincides with the center of the sphere, and the second focus is close to the photosensitive surface. According to the radius of the sphere and the diameter of the photosensitive surface, the reference range of the ellipsoid focal length corresponding to full-angle fluorescence collection when the fluorescence is emitted from the center of the sphere is calculated:, and then the combination of the major axis and the minor axis values ​​when the fluorescence collection efficiency reaches the requirement is obtained. The fluorescence collection device designed according to this value combination has the advantages of high collection efficiency and miniaturization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of optical detection, and in particular relates to a nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device. Background Art

[0002] Fluorescence detection is a common optical detection technology for weak signals. It is widely used in precision spectral analysis of atoms, molecules and plasmas due to its high sensitivity. Fluorescence photons radiate in all directions in space, making them difficult to collect. Therefore, how to achieve efficient fluorescence collection has always been an important topic in the field of optical detection.

[0003] Existing fluorescence collection devices mainly use structures such as light pipes, lens groups and specially designed spherical combinations. Among them, the fluorescence collection devices based on light pipes and lens groups have the advantages of high maturity, simple structure and easy replacement, but both have the disadvantages of excessive fluorescence loss and low overall collection efficiency; the spherical combination structure fluorescence collection device specially designed based on the application scenario, although it increases the collection efficiency, but because it mostly uses a hemispherical light convergence structure, it still causes some angles of fluorescence photons to be unable to reach the light detector to become useful signals. Especially for the actual situation of non-ideal point radiation, the fluorescence loss is more serious. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device is designed according to the following steps:

[0007] The structure of the device is designed, and the structure includes: a first curved surface, a second curved surface and a light detector; wherein the first curved surface is a partial surface of an ellipsoidal surface, and the second curved surface is a partial surface of a spherical surface; the first curved surface and the second curved surface are combined to form a closed fluorescence collection cavity; the intersection cross section of the first curved surface and the second curved surface when they are combined is circular; the inner wall of the fluorescence collection cavity is plated with a high reflection film; the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector is located at the exact center of the second curved surface, the photosensitive surface faces the center of the sphere where the spherical surface is located and is perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid where the ellipsoidal surface is located; the first focus of the ellipsoid coincides with the center of the sphere, the second focus Than the first focus closer to the photosensitive surface;

[0008] Set the radius of the sphere and the diameter of the photosensitive surface ;

[0009] According to the radius and the diameter , calculate the ellipsoid focal length corresponding to the full-angle fluorescence collection when the fluorescence is emitted from the center of the sphere Reference range:

[0010] ;

[0011] According to the ellipsoid focal length The reference range of the ellipsoid is calculated to determine the major axis value range and the minor axis value range of the ellipsoid;

[0012] According to the major axis value range and the minor axis value range, by parameter optimization, determining a combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device meets the requirement;

[0013] According to the radius , the diameter And the value combination sets the structural parameters of the fluorescence collection cavity.

[0014] Optionally, the second curved surface of the fluorescence collecting cavity is smaller than half a spherical surface.

[0015] Optionally, the fluorescence collection cavity is provided with an atomic beam hole and a light through hole;

[0016] The center lines of the atomic beam hole and the light-through hole intersect perpendicularly at the center of the sphere;

[0017] The atomic beam hole is used to pass a collimated atomic beam into the fluorescence collection cavity;

[0018] The light through hole is used to pass the laser beam into the fluorescence collection cavity;

[0019] The collimated atomic beam and the laser beam intersect vertically at the center of the sphere to form a fluorescent emitter.

[0020] Optionally, according to the major axis value range and the minor axis value range, determining, through parameter optimization, a combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches a requirement, includes:

[0021] Setting a floating range for the major axis value range and the minor axis value range;

[0022] According to the major axis value range, the minor axis value range and the floating range, through parameter optimization, a combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​is determined when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device meets the requirements.

[0023] Optionally, the high-reflection film is a metal high-reflection film or a dielectric high-reflection film.

[0024] The nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device provided by the present invention comprises a first curved surface, a second curved surface and a light detector; the first curved surface is a partial surface of an ellipsoidal surface, and the second curved surface is a partial surface of a spherical surface; the first curved surface and the second curved surface are combined to form a closed fluorescence collection cavity; the intersection cross section of the first curved surface and the second curved surface when combined is circular; the inner wall of the fluorescence collection cavity is plated with a high-reflection film; the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector is located at the exact center of the second curved surface, the photosensitive surface faces the center of the sphere where the spherical surface is located and is perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid where the ellipsoidal surface is located; the first focus of the ellipsoid Coincident with the center of the sphere, the second focus Than the first focus Closer to the photosensitive surface. Based on this structure, set the radius of the sphere and the diameter of the photosensitive surface , calculate the ellipsoid focal length corresponding to the full-angle fluorescence collection when the fluorescence is emitted from the center of the sphere Reference range: ; Based on the reference range, the major axis value range and the minor axis value range of the ellipsoid can be calculated; further, based on these two value ranges, the combination of the major axis and the minor axis value when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required level is determined; finally, according to the radius ,diameter In the nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device designed in this way, the second curved surface is smaller than half a spherical surface, which reduces the number of reflections of fluorescence in the fluorescence collection cavity and effectively improves the fluorescence collection efficiency.

[0025] As described above, the present invention optimizes the structural parameters when the first curved surface and the second curved surface are combined to form a fluorescence collection cavity, so that the fluorescence collection device can collect fluorescence at nearly full angles, thereby improving the fluorescence collection efficiency. In addition, the fluorescence collection device does not need to use additional light pipes or lens groups, has a simple structure, is more conducive to miniaturization, and solves the problems existing in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Design flow chart of the device shown;

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 In the device shown, the photosensitive surface of the light detector is located at the focal length of the ellipsoid Schematic diagram of the principle structure of the device when it is outside and perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 In the device shown, the photosensitive surface of the light detector is located at the focal length of the ellipsoid Schematic diagram of the principle structure of the device when it is inside and perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Shows Figure 5 In the device shown, the relationship between fluorescence collection efficiency and fluorescence loss as a function of device parameters. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0033] In order to achieve near full-angle fluorescence collection and improve fluorescence collection efficiency, the present invention provides a near full-angle fluorescence collection device, which is designed according to a certain design process, see Figure 2 As shown, the design process includes the following steps:

[0034] S10: Designing a structure of the device, the structure comprising: a first curved surface (a partial surface of the ellipsoidal surface), a second curved surface (a partial surface of the spherical surface) and a light detector.

[0035] Among them, see Figure 1 As shown, the first curved surface 1 is a partial surface of an ellipsoid, and the second curved surface 2 is a partial surface of a spherical surface; the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2 are combined to form a closed fluorescence collection cavity; the intersection cross section of the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2 when combined is a circle, Figure 1 The winning bid is P The dotted line is the plane where the circle is located; the inner wall of the fluorescence collection cavity is coated with a high reflection film; the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7 is located at the center of the second curved surface 2, and the photosensitive surface faces the center of the sphere where the spherical surface is located. O and is perpendicular to the major axis of the ellipsoid where the first curved surface 1 is located. Figure 1 The winning bid is Q The dotted line is the straight line where the major axis of the ellipsoid lies; the first focus of the ellipsoid and the center of the sphere O Coincidence, second focus Than the first focus The photosensitive surface closer to the photodetector 7 has a diameter of express. Figure 1 The second focus is exemplarily The second focal point is drawn on the photosensitive surface of the photodetector 7, but is not limited thereto. It may also be located below the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7, and details may refer to the relevant description below.

[0036] Figure 1 In the figure, the first curved surface 1 is on the top and the second curved surface 2 is on the bottom. This is only an example. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the relative positional relationship between the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2. It can be understood that when the second curved surface 2 is on the bottom and the first curved surface 1 is on the top, the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7 is located at the center of the bottom of the second curved surface 2, and when the second curved surface 2 is on the top and the first curved surface 1 is on the bottom, the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7 is located at the center of the top of the second curved surface 2.

[0037] It can be understood that the intersection cross section of the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2 when they are combined is a circle, which is located between the two foci of the ellipsoid and parallel to the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7, and the radius of the circle is equal to The vertical distances between the circle and the two foci of the ellipsoid are and ;in, represents the radius of the sphere where the second surface 2 is located, It represents half of the major axis of the ellipsoid where the first surface 1 is located, referred to as the major semi-axis, and the major axis is represented by 2 ; It represents half of the minor axis of the ellipsoid where the first surface 1 is located, referred to as the minor semi-axis, and the minor axis is represented by 2 .

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first focus of the ellipsoid and the center of the sphere O Coincidence, second focus Than the first focus Closer to the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7, the second focus The specific position of can vary within a certain range, and the specific range is detailed in the subsequent steps.

[0039] S20: Set the radius of the sphere and the diameter of the photosensitive surface .

[0040] Here, the radius and diameter It is set according to actual needs, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0041] S30: According to the radius and diameter , calculate the ellipsoid focal length corresponding to the full-angle fluorescence collection when the fluorescence is emitted from the center of the sphere Reference range: .

[0042] It is understandable that the ellipsoid focal length The first focus of the ellipsoid and the second focus The distance between.

[0043] Specifically, the focal length of the ellipsoid that meets the requirements for full-angle fluorescence collection is The minimum value corresponds to Figure 3 The photosensitive surface of the light detector 7 shown is located at the focal length of the ellipsoid The ellipsoid focal length can be calculated based on this. The minimum value of ; Ellipsoid focal length to meet full-angle fluorescence collection The maximum value corresponds to Figure 4 The photosensitive surface of the light detector 7 shown is located at the focal length of the ellipsoid The ellipsoid focal length can be calculated based on the situation within The maximum value of . Figure 3 and Figure 4 2 of 2 c Represents the focal length of the ellipsoid , is the semi-major axis of the ellipsoid, is the semi-minor axis of the ellipsoid.

[0044] It should be noted that when In the embodiment of the present invention, the second curved surface 2 is smaller than a half spherical surface, which is different from the prior art which usually uses an ellipsoidal reflector and a hemispherical reflector to form a closed fluorescence collecting cavity.

[0045] Specifically, if the device is from the first focus The fluorescence is radiated in a point-release manner, so that the fluorescence directed to the first curved surface 1 can be reflected back to the second focus by the first curved surface 1. At the same time, the fluorescence directed to the second curved surface 2 can be reflected by the second curved surface 2 and then return to the original path, and then reflected by the first curved surface 1 to reach the second focus. However, if the first focus , the fluorescence is radiated in the form of body release, then the fluorescence radiated from the non-first focus position will not all return to the first focus along the original path after being reflected by the second curved surface 2 This will cause some of the fluorescence to not be focused on the second focal point. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the focal length of the ellipsoid is The reference range is set to By optimizing parameters, the fluorescence radiated from non-first focal positions can be gathered onto the photosensitive surface as much as possible, thereby improving the fluorescence collection efficiency.

[0046] S40: Calculate the major axis value range and the minor axis value range of the ellipsoid according to the above reference range.

[0047] Specifically, according to the calculated lower limit of the reference range, the lower limit of the major axis value range and the lower limit of the minor axis value range are calculated accordingly using the geometric relationship and the ellipsoid theory formula; similarly, according to the calculated upper limit of the reference range, the upper limit of the major axis value range and the upper limit of the minor axis value range are calculated accordingly using the geometric relationship and the ellipsoid theory formula; the major axis value range is obtained according to the lower limit of the major axis value range and the upper limit of the major axis value range, and the minor axis value range is obtained according to the lower limit of the minor axis value range and the upper limit of the minor axis value range.

[0048] S50: According to the above-mentioned major axis value range and minor axis value range, through parameter optimization, determine the combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​when the collection efficiency of the device reaches the required level.

[0049] Specifically, in one implementation, according to the range of values ​​of the major axis and the range of values ​​of the minor axis, through parameter optimization, a combination of values ​​of the major axis and the minor axis when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required level is determined, including:

[0050] (1) Setting floating ranges for the major axis value range and the minor axis value range;

[0051] Here, the floating range may be, for example, ±1 mm or ±2 mm, but is not limited thereto. The reason for setting the floating range is that the fluorescence is O The released area is not an ideal point release.

[0052] (2) According to the major axis value range, the minor axis value range and the set floating range, through parameter optimization, determine the combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required level.

[0053] The requirement for the fluorescence collection efficiency may be to maximize the fluorescence collection efficiency. Of course, the actual requirement is not necessarily to maximize the fluorescence collection efficiency.

[0054] Specifically, according to the structure designed in step S10 and the radius set in step S20 and diameter The device model is constructed, and then the value combinations of the long axis value range and the short axis value range after the floating range is set are traversed. Each time a value combination is set, the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device model is simulated and calculated, so as to determine the value combination of the long axis and the short axis when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required value. It should be noted that the value combination is not unique according to different requirements.

[0055] Among them, for the case of fluorescent body release, the actual size of the fluorescent emitter needs to be set during simulation, that is, it is necessary to consider the impact of the actual size of the fluorescent emitter on the fluorescent collection efficiency, so as to fine-tune the structural parameters of the device according to this impact and improve the fluorescent collection efficiency.

[0056] In addition, a fluorescence focusing hole needs to be set on the fluorescence collection cavity to place the light detector 7. When constructing the device model, the fluorescence focusing hole needs to be modeled accordingly, so as to take into account the fluorescence loss caused by the side wall of the fluorescence focusing hole and obtain a more accurate fluorescence collection efficiency evaluation result.

[0057] In another implementation, the combination of the long axis and the short axis values ​​when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required value can be determined by parameter optimization directly according to the long axis value range and the short axis value range. In other words, the combination of the long axis and the short axis values ​​when the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required value can be determined by parameter optimization without considering the floating range.

[0058] S60: By radius ,diameter And the above value combinations are used to set the structural parameters of the fluorescence collection cavity.

[0059] Preferably, in one implementation, Figure 5 As shown, the collimated atomic beam 3 and the laser beam 4 intersect to form a fluorescent emitter 8. Specifically, the fluorescent collection cavity can be provided with an atomic beam hole 5 and a light through hole 6; the center lines of the atomic beam hole 5 and the light through hole 6 intersect perpendicularly at the center of the sphere. O , Figure 5 The black arrows in the middle represent the traveling directions of the collimated atomic beam 3 and the laser beam 4 respectively; the atomic beam hole 5 is used to pass the collimated atomic beam 3 into the fluorescence collection cavity, and the hole size depends on the size of the collimated atomic beam 3; the light hole 6 is used to pass the laser beam 4 into the fluorescence collection cavity, and the hole size depends on the size of the laser beam 4; the frequency of the laser beam 4 depends on the collimated atomic beam 3 and its transition energy level; the collimated atomic beam 3 and the laser beam 4 are at the center of the sphere O They intersect vertically to form a fluorescent emitter 8, which is a bulk-released fluorescent emitter.

[0060] exist Figure 5 In the structure shown, the fluorescent emitter 8 radiates fluorescent photons at all angles in space, and by fine-tuning the major axis and minor axis of the ellipsoid where the first curved surface 1 is located, as much fluorescence as possible is converged to the light detector, achieving nearly full-angle fluorescence collection and improving fluorescence collection efficiency.

[0061] In actual design, since the atomic beam hole 5, the light through hole 6 and the fluorescence focusing hole are provided on the fluorescence collection cavity, when determining the combination of the values ​​of the major axis and the minor axis, it is necessary to perform corresponding modeling for the atomic beam hole 5, the light through hole 6 and the fluorescence focusing hole in the device model. In this way, when performing the simulation calculation of the fluorescence collection efficiency, the fluorescence loss caused by the side walls of the atomic beam hole 5, the light through hole 6 and the fluorescence focusing hole is taken into account to obtain a more accurate fluorescence collection efficiency evaluation result.

[0062] Preferably, the high-reflection film coated on the inner wall of the fluorescence collection cavity may be a metal high-reflection film or a dielectric high-reflection film.

[0063] When actually processing the fluorescence collection cavity, Figure 5 The fluorescence collecting cavity is constructed in a rectangular parallelepiped structure as shown, or when the preparation process and the performance of the prepared fluorescence collecting cavity meet the requirements, a fluorescence collecting cavity in the form of a shell can also be applied to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] In summary, in the nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the second curved surface 2 is smaller than half a spherical surface, which is different from the hemispherical reflector commonly used in the prior art. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention optimizes the structural parameters of the fluorescence collection cavity formed by the combination of the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2, so that the fluorescence collection device can collect fluorescence at nearly full angles and improve the fluorescence collection efficiency. In addition, the fluorescence collection device does not need to use additional light pipes or lens groups, has a simple structure, and is more conducive to miniaturization.

[0065] Below Figure 5 Taking the nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is further described. In the device, the first focus of the ellipsoid where the first curved surface 1 is located and the center of the sphere where the second surface 2 is located O The radius of the sphere is =20mm, the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector 7 is located at the center of the bottom surface of the second curved surface 2, and the size of the photosensitive surface is 10mm×10mm, that is, =10mm. The collimated atomic beam 3 is a cesium atomic beam, and its cross-sectional dimensions are 3mm×1mm, and the dimensions of the atomic beam hole 5 are 4.5mm×2.5mm; the wavelength of the laser beam 4 is 852nm, its cross-sectional diameter is 3mm, and the diameter of the light hole 6 is 4.5mm. The cesium atomic beam flying through the atomic beam hole 5 and the laser beam 4 passing through the light hole 6 intersect at the center of the sphere. O , forming a fluorescent emitter 8 here. The fluorescent emitter 8 randomly releases fluorescent light with a spatial solid angle of 4π, and the fluorescent light is reflected by the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2 coated with silver film and converges to the photosensitive surface of the photodetector 7, thereby obtaining an atomic fluorescent signal.

[0066] refer to Figure 4 , when the photosensitive surface of the photodetector 7 is located at the focal length of the ellipsoid When the fluorescent emitter 8 is perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid, the fluorescent emitter 8 is The released fluorescence propagates along the path of the first curved surface 1, is reflected by the first curved surface 1 to the edge of the light detector 7, and the extended line of the light intersects the second focus. ,according to Calculate the focal length of the ellipsoid The upper limit of the reference range is 26.67mm. Figure 3 , when the photosensitive surface of the photodetector 7 is located at the focal length of the ellipsoid When the fluorescent emitter 8 is perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid, the fluorescent emitter 8 is The released fluorescence propagates along the path of the first curved surface 1, and after being reflected by the first curved surface 1, passes through the second focus Arriving at the edge of the light detector, Calculate the focal length of the ellipsoid The lower limit of the reference range is 16mm. The reference range is 16mm 26.67mm.

[0067] Then, based on the geometric relationship and the ellipsoid theory formula, it can be calculated that the major axis of the ellipsoid ranges from 45.62mm to 53.28mm, and the minor axis ranges from 42.72mm to 46.16mm.

[0068] The device is modeled according to the structural parameters given above, and then the major axis of the ellipsoid is fine-tuned based on the device model. and short axis 2 , thereby optimizing the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device. Figure 6 It shows that when the major axis of the ellipsoid is 2 Take 47.62mm, short axis 2 The fluorescence collection efficiency and loss diagram of the device is taken from 37.52mm to 45.12mm, where the long axis 2 The value of is the preferred value, the minor axis of the ellipsoid 2 The value range of is 37.52mm~45.12mm. The purpose of setting this range is to show the changing trend of the fluorescence collection efficiency and fluorescence loss of the device in a wider range, and there is no particularity. Figure 6 It can be seen that as the minor axis 2 of the ellipsoid The fluorescence collection efficiency of the device increases ρ It increases slowly at first and then tends to be approximately stable; when the minor axis 2 When the diameter is within the range of 41.72mm~43.52mm, the fluorescence collection efficiency is good. ρ≥98%, within this range the short axis 2 can be obtained However, when the minor axis 2 When it increases to a certain value, Figure 6 Middle and short axis 2 When it increases to about 43.92mm, the fluorescence collection efficiency ρ Fluorescence loss, i.e. Figure 6 The total loss in the fluorescence collection efficiency is shown as ρ The change trend is completely opposite. Here, the fluorescence loss includes the side wall loss and the beam hole loss, of which the side wall loss is caused by the fluorescence focusing hole, and the beam hole loss is caused by the atomic beam hole 5 and the light-passing hole 6. Fluorescence collection efficiency ρ The sum of the total fluorescence loss is always 1.

[0069] In summary, the nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0070] (1) Adjustable structural parameters to achieve efficient fluorescence collection: The embodiment of the present invention adopts a structure combining the first curved surface 1 and the second curved surface 2 to achieve nearly full-angle fluorescence collection, effectively utilizing the ellipsoid characteristics and reducing fluorescence loss. In the embodiment of the present invention, the intersection of the collimated atomic beam 3 and the laser beam 4 is used as the fluorescence emitter 8, and the fluorescence emitter 8 releases fluorescence with a spatial solid angle of 4π. By fine-tuning the major axis and minor axis of the ellipsoid, the vector direction of the fluorescence reflected on the ellipsoid surface is changed, so that as much fluorescence as possible is gathered to the photosensitive surface of the light detector, thereby improving the fluorescence collection efficiency;

[0071] (2) Not limited by the size of the fluorescent emitter: Although the embodiments of the present invention are based on the ellipsoidal characteristics, they are not limited to focal emission. For body emission whose size cannot be ignored, the embodiments of the present invention are still effective by fine-tuning the structural parameters of the device and can still achieve maximum fluorescence collection efficiency;

[0072] (3) High selectivity: The material of the fluorescence collection cavity in the embodiment of the present invention can be selected from non-metallic materials such as metal or glass, and a suitable high-reflection film can be selected according to different materials;

[0073] (4) Small size and compact structure: The embodiment of the present invention places the light detector directly at the center of a portion of the sphere, eliminating the need for an additional focusing component, greatly reducing the size of the device, saving space, and facilitating miniaturization of the structure.

[0074] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. Instead, they are merely examples of devices consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0075] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0076] Although the present application is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, in the process of implementing the claimed application, those skilled in the art can understand and implement other changes to the disclosed embodiments by viewing the drawings and the disclosed content. In the description of the present invention, the term "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, "one" or "an" does not exclude multiple situations, and the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited. In addition, certain measures are recorded in different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0077] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0078] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0079] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nearly full-angle fluorescence collection device, characterized in that: The device is designed according to the following steps: The structure of the device is designed, and the structure includes: a first curved surface, a second curved surface and a light detector; wherein the first curved surface is a partial surface of an ellipsoidal surface, and the second curved surface is a partial surface of a spherical surface; the second curved surface is smaller than half of a spherical surface; the first curved surface, the second curved surface and the light detector are combined to form a closed fluorescence collection cavity; the intersection cross section of the first curved surface and the second curved surface when they are combined is circular; the inner wall of the fluorescence collection cavity is plated with a high reflection film; the center of the photosensitive surface of the light detector is located at the exact center of the second curved surface, the photosensitive surface faces the center of the sphere where the spherical surface is located and is perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipsoid where the ellipsoidal surface is located; the first focus F1 of the ellipsoid coincides with the center of the sphere, and the second focus F2 is closer to the photosensitive surface than the first focus F1; Setting the radius R of the sphere and the diameter Φ of the photosensitive surface; According to the radius R and the diameter Φ, the reference range of the ellipsoid focal length |F1F2| corresponding to full-angle fluorescence collection when the fluorescence is emitted from the center of the sphere is calculated: Calculate the major axis value range and the minor axis value range of the ellipsoid according to the reference range of the ellipsoid focal length |F1F2|; According to the major axis value range and the minor axis value range, by parameter optimization, a combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​when the fluorescence is radiated in a volume release manner around the first focus F1 so that the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required level is determined; The structural parameters of the fluorescence collection cavity are set according to the radius R, the diameter Φ and the value combination.

2. The near full-angle fluorescence collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluorescence collection cavity is provided with an atomic beam hole and a light through hole; The center lines of the atomic beam hole and the light-through hole intersect perpendicularly at the center of the sphere; The atomic beam hole is used to pass a collimated atomic beam into the fluorescence collection cavity; The light through hole is used to pass the laser beam into the fluorescence collection cavity; The collimated atomic beam and the laser beam intersect vertically at the center of the sphere to form a fluorescent emitter.

3. The near full-angle fluorescence collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the major axis value range and the minor axis value range, through parameter optimization, a combination of major axis and minor axis values ​​when the fluorescence is radiated in a volume release manner around the first focus F1 so that the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required value is determined, including: Setting a floating range for the major axis value range and the minor axis value range; According to the major axis value range, the minor axis value range and the floating range, through parameter optimization, the major axis and minor axis value combination is determined when the fluorescence radiates in a volume release manner around the first focus F1 so that the fluorescence collection efficiency of the device reaches the required level.

4. The near full-angle fluorescence collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high reflection film is a metal high reflection film or a dielectric high reflection film.

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