Thermal-electric-magnetic high-throughput fast-response ammonia reforming system and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal-electro-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system and a method for using the system, comprising: an ammonia cracking device, a power generation device and a heating and heat exchange device, wherein the ammonia cracking device comprises an ammonia cracking tube and a high-frequency inductance coil, wherein the high-frequency inductance coil is arranged around the outer periphery of the ammonia cracking tube, the power generation device comprises a steam turbine, a generator and a high-frequency voltage-converting energy storage module, wherein the steam turbine is transmission-connected to the generator, the generator is electrically connected to the high-frequency voltage-converting energy storage module, and the high-frequency voltage-converting energy storage module is electrically connected to the high-frequency inductance coil; the heating and heat exchange device comprises a heat exchanger and a burner, wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a combustion heating channel, a water vapor generation chamber and an ammonia preheating chamber, wherein the combustion heating channel has a wall heat exchange relationship with the water vapor generation chamber and the ammonia preheating chamber at the same time, wherein the invention has the advantages of heating in seconds and high energy conversion efficiency, and combines the preheating of ammonia to realize the fast response of the ammonia cracking system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and in particular to a thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a zero-carbon fuel, hydrogen energy has great application potential in ammonia-hydrogen fusion engines, hydrogen fuel cells and other fields. Ammonia, as the second largest industrial chemical in the world, has high hydrogen content and is easy to store and transport. In recent decades, ammonia catalytic thermal cracking hydrogen production technology has been proposed and developed: at a certain reaction temperature and with the assistance of an ammonia cracking catalyst, ammonia can be effectively cracked to produce hydrogen, which is considered to be one of the most promising hydrogen production methods. However, both ammonia-hydrogen fusion engines and hydrogen fuel cells require a large amount of high-pressure (20 bar) cracked gas / hydrogen input, so online high-throughput high-pressure ammonia cracking hydrogen production remains a severe challenge.

[0003] Ammonia molecules have a highly stable triangular topological structure, so ammonia catalytic thermal cracking to produce hydrogen requires high temperature (above 500°C) and a large amount of energy input (46.2 kJ / mol). The traditional ammonia cracking heating method is resistance heating or combustion heating, both of which require heat transfer to the internal ammonia cracking catalyst through the heat conduction method of the ammonia cracking tube wall, which inevitably causes the temperature field distribution of the internal ammonia cracking catalyst to be uneven and the heating speed to be slow; in addition, since the increase in the thickness of the ammonia cracking tube wall will reduce the thermal conductivity, in order to improve the thermal conductivity, it is necessary to reduce the wall thickness of the cracking tube. However, the reduced wall thickness of the cracking tube cannot withstand the high-pressure and high-temperature ammonia cracking reaction. Even if the heat exchange area is increased by adding heat transfer fins or dividing the ammonia cracking tube into parallel multi-channel designs, it is bound to bring many problems such as complex structural design, increased system weight, many welding points, and complex processes. In addition, the existing ammonia cracking heating method has a low energy utilization rate, does not meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, and has a large demand for electrical energy, resulting in limited use occasions and difficulty in meeting the working conditions of different hydrogen requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a thermal-electric-magnetic high-throughput fast-response ammonia reforming system and a method of use, which can achieve the rapid response of the ammonia cracking system and high-throughput ammonia cracking hydrogen production, meet different usage scenarios, solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial choice or create conditions.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems are:

[0006] The present invention provides a thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system, comprising:

[0007] An ammonia cracking device, comprising an ammonia cracking tube and a high-frequency inductance coil, wherein the high-frequency inductance coil is arranged around the outer circumference of the ammonia cracking tube, the ammonia cracking tube has an ammonia gas input port and a cracked gas output port, an ammonia cracking catalyst is arranged inside the ammonia cracking tube, and the ammonia cracking tube is provided with a conductive part having a heat exchange relationship with the ammonia cracking catalyst;

[0008] A power generation device, comprising a steam turbine, a generator and a high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module, wherein the steam turbine is drivingly connected to the generator, the steam turbine has a water vapor inlet, the generator is electrically connected to the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module, the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module is electrically connected to the high-frequency inductor, and the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module is used to store and transform electricity;

[0009] A heating and heat exchange device comprises a heat exchanger and a burner. The heat exchanger is provided with a combustion heating channel, a water vapor generating chamber and an ammonia preheating chamber. The combustion heating channel has a partition heat exchange relationship with the water vapor generating chamber and the ammonia preheating chamber. The water vapor generating chamber has a water vapor outlet connected to the water vapor inlet. The ammonia preheating chamber has a cold ammonia inlet and a hot ammonia outlet. The hot ammonia outlet is connected to the ammonia input port. The burner is arranged on the combustion heating channel.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0011] The present invention generates heat by burning a burner in a combustion heating channel, and heats the water in the steam generation cabin and the ammonia in the ammonia preheating cabin through heat exchange between partition walls, so that the steam generation cabin generates high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which drives the generator to generate electricity through a steam turbine, and the ammonia enters the ammonia cracking tube for cracking reaction after being preheated and heated, and the high-frequency voltage conversion energy storage module stores and converts the electricity generated by the generator, and supplies power to the high-frequency inductor coil. Under the high-frequency inductor heating condition, that is, the cooperation of the high-frequency inductor coil and the conductive part, eddy current and Joule heating effect are generated, thereby heating the ammonia cracking catalyst and providing the ammonia cracking tube with the required ammonia cracking energy. The high-frequency inductor coil heating has the characteristics of seconds. The advantages of high-speed heating and high energy conversion efficiency, combined with the preheating of ammonia, can achieve rapid response of the ammonia cracking system, eliminate the complex heat exchange and heat conduction structure of the ammonia cracking chamber required for traditional resistance heating or combustion heating, greatly simplify the design of the ammonia cracking tube, and the high-frequency inductor coil has its own power supply. The electric energy of the high-frequency inductor coil is supplied by a generator driven by a steam turbine. The steam turbine is driven by a heating and heat exchange device heated by a burner, which completely avoids the need for large amounts of external electric energy input. Therefore, it can be flexibly deployed in mobile hydrogen production scenarios such as vehicle-mounted and ship-mounted. Through the heat exchange between the ammonia preheating chamber and the combustion heating channel, on the one hand, the ammonia is fully heated before entering the cracking tube, and on the other hand, the energy utilization efficiency is further increased.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combustion heating channel includes a first heating tube and a combustion air chamber. The combustion air chamber is provided in plurality, and the plurality of combustion air chambers are distributed in sequence on both sides of the steam generating chamber in a staggered manner. The relative parts between each two relative combustion air chambers are connected by at least one of the first heating tubes to form a return heating flow channel.

[0013] The combustion heating channel in this scheme exchanges heat with the internal space of the steam generating chamber through the return heating flow channel. On the one hand, it significantly increases the heat exchange area, and on the other hand, it improves the energy utilization efficiency, so that the steam generating chamber can quickly generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and also makes the structure of the entire device system more compact.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combustion heating channel also includes a combustion chamber arranged in the steam generating cabin, and the burner is provided with a burner arranged in the combustion chamber, and a fuel inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe connected to the burner.

[0015] The fuel gas is introduced into the burner through the fuel inlet pipe, and the air is introduced into the burner through the air inlet pipe. The two are sprayed into the combustion chamber through the burner nozzle and mixed to burn in the combustion chamber to generate flames and combustion gas. The combustion gas flows along the combustion heating path, and heats the water in the steam generating chamber and the ammonia in the ammonia preheating chamber through the combustion heating path. In addition, the combustion chamber is arranged in the steam generating chamber in this scheme, and the heat generated when the fuel burns in the combustion chamber is transferred to the steam generating chamber to further improve the heating efficiency of the steam.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combustion heating channel includes a plurality of second heating tubes located in the ammonia preheating chamber, the second heating tubes pass through the ammonia preheating chamber, the ammonia preheating chamber is provided with a plurality of ammonia guide plates, and the plurality of ammonia guide plates are arranged in a staggered manner along the flow direction of the second heating tubes to form a serpentine ammonia heating flow channel.

[0017] The combustion gas flows through the ammonia preheating chamber through multiple second heating tubes, and the ammonia in the ammonia preheating chamber is heated by the multiple second heating tubes. At the same time, the ammonia flows along the ammonia heating flow channel in the ammonia preheating chamber. The serpentine ammonia heating flow channel can significantly increase the length of the ammonia preheating path. On the one hand, the ammonia is fully heated before entering the ammonia cracking tube, and on the other hand, the energy utilization efficiency is further increased.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the heat exchanger is provided with a condensate reheat chamber, the combustion heating path and the condensate reheat chamber have a partition heat exchange relationship, the condensate reheat chamber has a reheat input port and a reheat outlet, the steam turbine also has a condensate outlet connected to the reheat input port, and the steam generating chamber has a reheat water inlet connected to the reheat outlet.

[0019] This scheme recovers and reheats the condensed water and exhaust steam discharged from the steam turbine through the condensed water reheat chamber. The combustion heating channel also exchanges heat with the condensed water reheat chamber to heat the condensed water and exhaust steam collected in the condensed water reheat chamber. The heated condensed water and exhaust steam are returned to the steam generating chamber, which improves the energy utilization efficiency. The condensed water can be recycled, which plays a role in energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combustion heating path includes a plurality of third heating tubes located in the condensate reheat chamber, the third heating tubes pass through the condensate reheat chamber, the condensate reheat chamber is provided with a plurality of condensate guide plates, and the plurality of condensate guide plates are arranged in a staggered manner to form a serpentine condensate reheat flow path.

[0021] The combustion gas flows through the condensate reheat chamber through multiple third heating tubes, and the condensate and exhaust steam flow along the condensate reheat flow channel and contact the outside of the third heating tubes, so that the exhaust steam and condensate discharged from the steam turbine can be fully reheated.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the steam generation chamber, the ammonia preheating chamber and the condensed water reheating chamber are arranged in sequence along the temperature decreasing direction of the combustion heating path.

[0023] According to the temperature rise of heating, the heat required to generate water vapor is the largest, and the heat required for ammonia preheating is greater than the heat required for reheating condensed water and exhaust steam. The combustion gas in the combustion heating channel heats the water vapor generating chamber, the ammonia preheating chamber and the condensed water reheating chamber in turn, and the combustion energy of the burner is utilized in three levels, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0024] A reheated water reflux pump is provided between the reheat outlet and the reheated water inlet, and a pressure relief valve is provided in the steam generating cabin.

[0025] This solution uses a reheated water reflux pump to pump the reheated condensed water and exhaust steam in the condensate reheat chamber to the steam generating chamber to achieve active reflux, and a pressure relief valve is also provided to ensure that the steam generating chamber operates under a safe pressure.

[0026] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the steam turbine includes an output shaft, a plurality of stationary impellers, a plurality of movable impellers, and a flywheel. The stationary impellers and the movable impellers are arranged alternately along the output shaft. The stationary impellers are fixed to the inner wall of the steam turbine, and the movable impellers and the flywheel are interlaced and fixed to the output shaft.

[0027] The steam turbine uses multiple sets of moving impellers and stationary impellers. The stationary impellers can further increase the steam flow rate, and multiple sets of impellers can significantly improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0028] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a plurality of conductive grids are arranged in an axially spaced arrangement inside the ammonia cracking tube, the ammonia cracking catalyst is loaded between two adjacent conductive grids, and the ammonia cracking tube is a conductive component.

[0029] The setting of the conductive grid can fix the ammonia cracking catalyst on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also generate eddy current and Joule heating effect under high-frequency induction heating conditions, achieving the effect of uniformly heating the ammonia cracking catalyst. The ammonia cracking tube, which is a conductive component, will also generate eddy current and Joule heating effect with the high-frequency induction coil. The ammonia cracking tube and the conductive grid of this solution can both heat the ammonia cracking catalyst and heat the ammonia gas entering the ammonia cracking tube.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for using the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system, the method comprising:

[0031] During cold start conditions:

[0032] The high-frequency inductor coil is powered by the electricity stored in the high-frequency voltage conversion energy storage module to generate a high-frequency magnetic field, and Joule heating is performed to heat the ammonia cracking catalyst;

[0033] The burner is turned on, and the ammonia to be heated enters the ammonia preheating chamber, and the ammonia is preheated through heat exchange between the combustion heating channel and the ammonia preheating chamber, and the preheated ammonia enters the ammonia cracking tube and contacts with the ammonia cracking catalyst to perform an ammonia cracking reaction;

[0034] During the transition from cold start to normal operation:

[0035] As the combustion heating channel gradually heats the water in the steam generating chamber, the steam generated in the steam generating chamber drives the steam turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity;

[0036] A portion of the electricity generated by the generator is used to replenish the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module, and the other portion is used to power the high-frequency inductor coil after being transformed by the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module;

[0037] Keeping the ammonia cracking catalyst heated and the ammonia gas preheated;

[0038] Under normal operation and for different hydrogen demand conditions:

[0039] adjusting the combustion power of the burner;

[0040] Adjust the flow rate of ammonia gas to be heated.

[0041] This method meets the requirements of rapid cold start-up of the ammonia reforming system in seconds, and can realize long-term operation of high-pressure ammonia cracking, high flux, high ammonia cracking rate and high energy utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the ammonia cracking device provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the heating and heat exchanging device and the steam turbine provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the heating and heat exchanging device provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a bottom schematic diagram of an embodiment of the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is an axial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the condensate reheat chamber provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 It is a schematic flow chart of the method for using the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system provided by the present invention under cold start conditions;

[0050] Figure 8 It is a schematic flow chart of the method for using the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system provided by the present invention during the transition process from cold start condition to normal operation condition;

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a flow chart of the method for using the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system provided by the present invention under normal operation for different hydrogen demand conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, if there are words such as "several", it means one or more, "more" means more than two, greater than, less than, exceed, etc. are understood as not including the number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the number.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 6 The thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system of the present invention is described in the following embodiments:

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system of this embodiment includes: an ammonia cracking device 100, a power generation device 200 and a heating and heat exchange device 300.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the ammonia cracking device 100 of this embodiment includes an ammonia cracking tube 110, a high-frequency inductor 120 and an ammonia cracking catalyst 130, wherein in some other embodiments, the ammonia cracking tube 110 may be a square tube or other special-shaped tube structure, and the ammonia cracking tube 110 of this embodiment is a round tube structure, and an ammonia gas input port 111 is provided at one end of the ammonia cracking tube 110, and a cracking gas output port 112 is provided at the other end.

[0059] The ammonia cracking catalyst 130 is arranged in the ammonia cracking tube 110, and the high-frequency inductance coil 120 is arranged around the outer circumference of the ammonia cracking tube 110 and has a spiral structure. The ammonia cracking tube 110 is provided with a conductive part. When the high-frequency inductance coil 120 is energized, the high-frequency inductance coil 120 introduces energy into the inside of the conductive part through a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to generate eddy current and Joule heating effect, so that the conductive part is heated and heated. The ammonia cracking catalyst 130 is heated by heat exchange between the conductive part and the ammonia cracking catalyst 130. In some embodiments, the conductive part and the ammonia cracking tube 110 can be a combination, and the conductive part and the ammonia cracking tube 110 of this embodiment are set as an integrated structure. The ammonia cracking tube 110 of this embodiment is made of conductive material. It can be understood that the entire ammonia cracking tube 110 can be heated and heated, and the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 is heated by the ammonia cracking tube 110.

[0060] Furthermore, the ammonia cracking energy required by the ammonia cracking tube 110 of the present invention comes from the heating of the high-frequency inductance coil 120, and the heating of the high-frequency inductance coil 120 has the advantages of heating in seconds and high energy conversion efficiency, and can achieve rapid response of the ammonia cracking system; the high-frequency inductance coil 120 introduces energy into the interior of the ammonia cracking tube 110 through a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, eliminating the complex heat exchange and heat conduction structure of the ammonia cracking chamber required for traditional resistance heating or combustion heating, and greatly simplifying the design of the ammonia cracking tube 110; the ammonia cracking tube 110 can be designed to have a large diameter to achieve high-throughput ammonia cracking and hydrogen production; the tube wall of the ammonia cracking tube 110 can also be made of any thickness to withstand a high pressure of more than 30 bar, thereby achieving high-pressure ammonia cracking, and the generated cracked gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen can be directly transported to the gas rail of an ammonia internal combustion engine or the hydrogen selective permeable membrane of a hydrogen fuel cell, completely avoiding the need for complex and expensive cracked gas boosting devices.

[0061] The ammonia cracking tube 110 of this embodiment is made of conductive metal material.

[0062] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of conductive grids 140 are arranged inside the ammonia cracking tube 110 of the present embodiment. The plurality of conductive grids 140 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction, and the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 is loaded between two adjacent conductive grids 140. At this time, the conductive grid 140 serves as a part of the above-mentioned conductive part. The arrangement of the conductive grid 140 can fix the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 on the one hand, and can also generate eddy current and Joule heating effect under high-frequency induction heating conditions on the other hand, so as to achieve the effect of uniformly heating the ammonia cracking catalyst 130.

[0063] The ammonia cracking tube 110 and the conductive grid 140 can both heat the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 , and in some other embodiments, can also heat the ammonia gas entering the ammonia cracking tube 110 .

[0064] The conductive grid 140 of this embodiment is circular in shape, wherein the particle size of the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 is slightly larger than the aperture of the conductive grid 140 , and the conductive grid 140 is made of a conductive alloy material.

[0065] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, the heating and heat exchange device 300 includes a heat exchanger 310 and a burner 320. The heat exchanger 310 of this embodiment is provided with a combustion heating channel, a water vapor generating chamber 330 and an ammonia preheating chamber 340. The combustion heating channel has a partition heat exchange relationship with the water vapor generating chamber 330 and the ammonia preheating chamber 340. The burner 320 is arranged in the combustion heating channel. It can be understood that the heat generated by the combustion of the burner 320 is transferred to the water vapor generating chamber 330 and the ammonia preheating chamber 340 through the combustion heating channel.

[0066] Among them, the water vapor generating chamber 330 is provided with a water vapor outlet 336 and a reheated water inlet 337, and the ammonia preheating chamber 340 is provided with a cold ammonia inlet 343 and a hot ammonia outlet 344, the hot ammonia outlet 344 is connected to the ammonia inlet 111 of the ammonia cracking tube 110 through a pipeline, and the cold ammonia inlet 343 is connected to an external ammonia supply device, and the external ammonia enters the ammonia preheating chamber 340 from the cold ammonia inlet 343, and the combustion heating channel heats the ammonia in the ammonia preheating chamber 340 through the partition heat exchange, and the heated hot ammonia enters the ammonia cracking tube 110 through the hot ammonia outlet 344 and the ammonia inlet 111, and undergoes a cracking reaction with the ammonia cracking catalyst 130.

[0067] Under the second-level heating and high energy conversion efficiency of the high-frequency induction coil 120, combined with the preheating of ammonia gas, the response speed of the ammonia cracking system can be further improved.

[0068] The present invention uses heat exchange between the ammonia preheating chamber 340 and the combustion heating channel, which, on the one hand, allows the ammonia to be fully heated before entering the cracking tube, and on the other hand, further increases the energy utilization efficiency.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the power generation device 200 of the present invention includes a steam turbine 210, a generator 220 and a high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230. The steam turbine 210 is provided with a water vapor inlet 211, and the water vapor inlet 211 is connected to the water vapor outlet 336 of the water vapor generating chamber 330 through a pipeline. The steam turbine 210 is transmission-connected to the generator 220. The combustion heating channel heats the water in the water vapor generating chamber 330 through the partition heat exchange, so that the water vapor generating chamber 330 generates high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor drives the generator 220 to generate electricity through the steam turbine 210.

[0070] The generator 220 is electrically connected to the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 through the first output cable 240, and the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 is electrically connected to the high-frequency inductor 120 through the second output cable 250. Through the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230's function of transforming electricity, the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 transforms the electricity generated by the generator 220 and supplies power to the high-frequency inductor 120. Therefore, the high-frequency inductor 120 of the system has its own power supply. The electric energy of the high-frequency inductor 120 is supplied by the generator 220 driven by the steam turbine 210. The steam turbine 210 is driven by the water vapor generated by the water vapor generating chamber 330 heated by the burner 320, which completely avoids the need to input a large amount of external electric energy. Therefore, it can be flexibly deployed in mobile hydrogen production scenarios such as vehicle-mounted and ship-mounted.

[0071] In addition, the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 also has the function of storing electricity. Under cold start conditions, when the steam generating chamber 330 is unable to quickly produce high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 can directly supply power to the high-frequency inductor 120, thereby solving the rapid response requirements of cold start conditions.

[0072] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the combustion heating channel, the steam generating chamber 330 and the ammonia preheating chamber 340 can be a combined split type, while the combustion heating channel, the steam generating chamber 330 and the ammonia preheating chamber 340 of this embodiment are integrated, and the heat exchanger 310 of this embodiment includes a heat exchange casing 350, and the combustion heating channel, the steam generating chamber 330 and the ammonia preheating chamber 340 are arranged in the heat exchange casing 350. The steam generating chamber 330 and the ammonia preheating chamber 340 of this embodiment are arranged side by side in the heat exchange casing 350, and the combustion gas in the combustion heating channel first heats the steam generating chamber 330, and then heats the ammonia preheating chamber 340, which can not only realize the output of high-pressure and high-temperature steam, but also preheat the ammonia to be cracked, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0073] The combustion heating channel of this embodiment includes a first heating tube 331 and a combustion chamber located in the steam generating chamber 330. In some other embodiments, a plurality of combustion chambers may be provided, and the plurality of combustion chambers are arranged in sequence on both sides of the steam generating chamber 330 in an alternating manner. The relative positions between each two relative combustion chambers are connected by at least one first heating tube 331 to form a return heating flow channel.

[0074] Specifically, Figure 3 , 4As shown, in this embodiment, three combustion chambers are provided, and the three combustion chambers are arranged in sequence and staggered on the left and right sides of the steam generating cabin 330. A combustion chamber is provided on the left side of the steam generating cabin 330, which is set as the second reflow combustion chamber 333, and two combustion chambers are provided on the right side of the steam generating cabin 330, which are set as the first reflow combustion chamber 332 and the preparation combustion chamber 334 respectively. The first reflow combustion chamber 332 and the preparation combustion chamber 334 are arranged side by side on the left and right, and the preparation combustion chamber 334 is provided on the steam generating cabin 330 and Between the ammonia preheating chamber 340, the second reflow combustion chamber 333 and the first reflow combustion chamber 332 are connected by multiple first heating tubes 331 extending left and right, and the second reflow combustion chamber 333 and the preparation combustion chamber 334 are connected by multiple first heating tubes 331 extending left and right. The first heating tube 331 spans the steam generating chamber 330, and the first reflow combustion chamber 332, the second reflow combustion chamber 333, the left side of the preparation combustion chamber 334 and the first heating tube 331 all have a partition heat exchange relationship with the internal space of the steam generating chamber 330.

[0075] Among them, the combustion gas flows in the return heating flow channel along the direction of the first return combustion chamber 332, the second return combustion chamber 333 and the preparation combustion chamber 334, so that the combustion gas flows back in the water vapor generating chamber 330 and exchanges heat with the water vapor generating chamber 330. On the one hand, the heat exchange area is significantly improved, and on the other hand, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, so that the water vapor generating chamber 330 can quickly generate high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, and the structure of the entire device system is also made more compact.

[0076] Furthermore, if Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the combustion heating path includes a combustion chamber 335, which is connected to the first reflow combustion gas chamber 332, and the burner 320 is provided with a burner 321, which is arranged in the combustion chamber 335, and the burner 321 is connected to a fuel inlet pipe 322 and an air inlet pipe 323. The fuel gas is introduced into the burner 320 through the fuel inlet pipe 322, and the air is introduced into the burner 320 through the air inlet pipe 323. The two are sprayed into the combustion chamber 335 through the burner 321 and mixed to burn in the combustion chamber 335 to generate flames and combustion gas. The combustion gas flows along the combustion heating path, and heats the water in the steam generating chamber 330 and the ammonia in the ammonia preheating chamber 340 through the combustion heating path.

[0077] The combustion chamber 335 of this embodiment is arranged in the steam generating cabin 330. The combustion chamber 335 is extended left and right in the steam generating cabin 330. The burner 321 is arranged in the left end of the combustion chamber 335, and the right end of the combustion chamber 335 is connected to the first reflow combustion chamber 332. The combustion chamber 335 and the steam generating cabin 330 have a partition heat exchange relationship. The heat generated when the fuel burns in the combustion chamber 335 is transferred to the steam generating cabin 330 to further improve the heating efficiency of the water vapor.

[0078] The combustion heating channel of this embodiment also includes a plurality of second heating tubes 341, which penetrate the ammonia preheating chamber 340 from left to right. The left end of the second heating tube 341 is connected to the preparation combustion chamber 334, and the right side of the preparation combustion chamber 334 and the second heating tube 341 both have a partition heat exchange relationship with the space in the ammonia preheating chamber 340.

[0079] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, a plurality of ammonia guide plates 342 are arranged in the ammonia preheating chamber 340, and the plurality of ammonia guide plates 342 are arranged in a staggered manner along the flow direction of the second heating tube 341 to form a serpentine ammonia heating flow channel 345. The two ends of the ammonia heating flow channel 345 are respectively connected to the cold ammonia inlet 343 and the hot ammonia outlet 344. The combustion gas is distributed to the plurality of second heating tubes 341 through the prepared combustion chamber 334, and flows through the ammonia preheating chamber 340 through the plurality of second heating tubes 341. The ammonia in the ammonia preheating chamber 340 is heated by the plurality of second heating tubes 341. At the same time, the ammonia flows along the ammonia heating flow channel 345 in the ammonia preheating chamber 340. The serpentine ammonia heating flow channel 345 can significantly increase the length of the ammonia preheating path. On the one hand, the ammonia is fully heated before entering the ammonia cracking tube 110, and on the other hand, the energy utilization efficiency is further increased.

[0080] Further, if Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the heat exchanger 310 is also provided with a condensate reheat chamber 360, and the combustion heating channel and the condensate reheat chamber 360 have a wall heat exchange relationship, such as Figure 1 As shown, the condensate reheat chamber 360 has a reheat input port 361 and a reheat outlet 362, the steam turbine 210 has a condensate outlet 212, the condensate outlet 212 is connected to the reheat input port 361 through a pipeline, and the reheat water inlet 337 of the steam generating chamber 330 is connected to the reheat outlet 362 through a pipeline.

[0081] The present invention recovers and reheats the condensed water and exhaust steam discharged from the steam turbine 210 through the condensed water reheat chamber 360. The combustion heating path also exchanges heat with the condensed water reheat chamber 360 to heat the condensed water and exhaust steam collected in the condensed water reheat chamber 360. The heated condensed water and exhaust steam are returned to the steam generating chamber 330, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency. The condensed water can be recycled, thereby playing a role in energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0082] Specifically, Figure 3 , 6 As shown, the condensate reheat chamber 360 of this embodiment is arranged in the heat exchange housing 350 and is located on the right side of the ammonia preheat chamber 340, and the combustion heating channel also includes a plurality of third heating pipes 363 located in the condensate reheat chamber 360, and the third heating pipes 363 penetrate the condensate reheat chamber 360 from left to right, and the left ends of the plurality of third heating pipes 363 are connected to the right ends of the plurality of second heating pipes 341 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of third heating pipes 363 are connected to the air in the condensate reheat chamber 360. There is a wall-to-wall heat exchange relationship between the two chambers. A plurality of condensate guide plates 364 are arranged in a staggered manner in the condensate reheat chamber 360. The plurality of condensate guide plates 364 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a serpentine condensate reheat flow channel 365. The combustion gas flows through the condensate reheat chamber 360 through a plurality of third heating tubes 363. The condensate and exhaust steam flow along the condensate reheat flow channel 365 and contact the outside of the third heating tubes 363, so that the exhaust steam and condensate discharged from the steam turbine 210 can be fully reheated.

[0083] According to the temperature rise of heating, the heat required to generate water vapor is the largest, and the heat required for ammonia preheating is greater than the heat required for reheating condensed water and exhaust steam. In this embodiment, the water vapor generation chamber 330, the ammonia preheating chamber 340 and the condensed water reheating chamber 360 are arranged in sequence along the temperature decreasing direction of the combustion heating path. The combustion gas in the combustion heating path heats the water vapor generation chamber 330, the ammonia preheating chamber 340 and the condensed water reheating chamber 360 in sequence, and the combustion energy of the burner 320 is utilized in three levels, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, a reheating water reflux pump 370 is installed between the reheating outlet 362 and the reheating water inlet 337. The reheating water reflux pump 370 is used to pump the reheated condensed water and exhaust steam in the condensed water reheating chamber 360 to the steam generating chamber 330 to realize active reflux.

[0085] In addition, the steam generating cabin 330 is equipped with a pressure relief valve 380 to ensure that the steam generating cabin 330 operates under a safe pressure.

[0086] like Figure 3As shown, the steam turbine 210 includes an output shaft 213, a plurality of stationary impellers 214, a plurality of moving impellers 215, and a flywheel 216. The stationary impellers 214 and the moving impellers 215 are arranged alternately and spaced along the output shaft 213. The stationary impellers 214 are fixed to the inner wall of the steam turbine 210, and the moving impellers 215 and the flywheel 216 are interlaced and fixed on the output shaft 213. The output shaft 213 is connected to the input shaft of the generator 220. The steam turbine 210 uses multiple sets of moving impellers 215 and stationary impellers 214. The stationary impellers 214 can further increase the steam flow rate, and multiple sets of impellers can significantly improve the energy utilization efficiency.

[0087] The present invention also provides a method for using the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system, such as Figure 7 , 8 , 9, the method of use includes the following steps:

[0088] (1) When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a cold start condition, step S110 and step S120 are performed in sequence.

[0089] Step S110 : the power stored in the high-frequency voltage conversion energy storage module 230 is supplied to the high-frequency inductor 120 to generate a high-frequency magnetic field, and Joule heating is performed to heat the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 .

[0090] Step S120: Turn on the burner 320, and the ammonia to be heated enters the ammonia preheating chamber 340. The ammonia is preheated by heat exchange between the combustion heating channel and the ammonia preheating chamber 340. The preheated ammonia enters the ammonia cracking tube 110 and contacts the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 to perform an ammonia cracking reaction.

[0091] Specifically, the electricity stored in the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 supplies power to the high-frequency inductor 120 through the second output cable 250, generating a high-frequency magnetic field, so that the ammonia cracking tube 110 and the conductive grid 140 inside it are Joule heated due to the generation of eddy currents, so that the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 reaches a first set temperature value, wherein the first set temperature value can be determined according to different actual conditions.

[0092] At the same time, the burner 320 is turned on to form a flame in the combustion chamber 335. The generated combustion gas flows through the return heating flow channel and is connected to the second heating pipe 341 in the ammonia preheating chamber 340. The ammonia to be heated enters the ammonia heating flow channel 345 formed by the ammonia guide plate 342 through the cold ammonia inlet 343, and is heated by the second heating pipe 341 to reach the second set temperature value. The ammonia gas enters the ammonia cracking pipe 110 through the hot ammonia outlet 344 and the ammonia inlet 111, and contacts the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 that has reached the first set temperature value to generate cracked gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and is finally discharged from the cracked gas outlet 112.

[0093] In order to improve the reaction efficiency and prevent the ammonia gas from cooling too much during the reaction, in this embodiment, the first set temperature value and the second set temperature value are set to the same temperature value.

[0094] (2) During the transition from the cold start condition to the normal operating condition, step S210, step S220 and step S230 are performed in sequence.

[0095] Step S210: As the heating effect of the combustion heating channel on the water in the steam generating chamber 330 gradually emerges, the steam generated by the steam generating chamber 330 drives the steam turbine 210 to drive the generator 220 to generate electricity.

[0096] Specifically: as the heating effect of the return heating flow channel on the water in the steam generating chamber 330 gradually emerges, the steam generating chamber 330 will generate steam with gradually increasing temperature and pressure. The steam enters the steam turbine 210, driving the output shaft 213 to rotate, thereby driving the generator 220 to operate and generate electricity.

[0097] Step S220 : a portion of the electricity generated by the generator 220 is used to supplement the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module 230 , and the other portion is used to supply power to the high-frequency inductor 120 after being transformed by the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module 230 .

[0098] The electricity generated by the generator 220 is connected to the power input end of the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 through the first output cable 240. On the one hand, it replenishes energy for the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230. On the other hand, the generated electricity is transformed by the high-frequency transformer energy storage module 230 and directly supplies power to the high-frequency inductor 120 through the second output cable 250, thereby realizing the switching of power supply.

[0099] Step S230: Keep heating the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 and preheating the ammonia gas.

[0100] (3) Under normal operation, for different hydrogen demand conditions, step S310 and step S320 are performed in sequence.

[0101] Step S310: adjusting the combustion power of the burner 320.

[0102] Step S320: adjusting the flow rate of the ammonia gas to be heated.

[0103] According to the different hydrogen demand, it is divided into higher hydrogen demand conditions and lower hydrogen demand conditions.

[0104] Under the condition of higher hydrogen demand, the flow rate of fuel and air entering the burner 320 is increased and adjusted to a chemical equivalence ratio to generate high-flow and high-temperature combustion gas. The generated high-flow and high-temperature combustion gas flows through the return heating flow channel, and the water vapor generating chamber 330 generates water vapor with higher pressure and temperature through the partition heat exchange, and drives the generator 220 connected to the steam turbine 210 to generate higher electricity. It is connected to the power input end of the high-frequency voltage conversion energy storage module 230 through the first output cable 240, and after high-frequency voltage conversion, it provides higher electricity to the high-frequency inductor 120 through the second output cable 250, so that the ammonia cracking tube 110 and the conductive grid 140 inside it generate stronger eddy current and Joule heating effect, so that the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 reaches a higher third set temperature value. At the same time, high-flow high-temperature combustion gas enters the second heating tube 341, and more ammonia to be heated is introduced, so that more ammonia is heated to a higher fourth set temperature value, and enters the ammonia cracking tube 110 through the hot ammonia outlet 344 and the ammonia inlet 111, and contacts with the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 that has reached the third set temperature value to produce more cracked gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and finally discharged from the cracked gas output port 112.

[0105] In order to improve the reaction efficiency and avoid excessive temperature drop of ammonia during the reaction, in this embodiment, the third set temperature value and the fourth set temperature value are set to the same temperature value.

[0106] Under low hydrogen demand conditions:

[0107] The flow rates of fuel and air entering the burner 320 are reduced, and the equivalence ratio is adjusted to generate low-flow and low-temperature combustion gas. The generated low-flow and low-temperature combustion gas flows through the return heating flow channel, and the water vapor generating chamber 330 generates water vapor with lower pressure and temperature through the partition heat exchange, and drives the generator 220 connected to the steam turbine 210 to generate lower electricity. It is connected to the power input end of the high-frequency voltage conversion energy storage module 230 through the first output cable 240, and after high-frequency voltage conversion, it provides lower electricity to the high-frequency inductor 120 through the second output cable 250, so that the ammonia cracking tube 110 and the conductive grid 140 inside it generate weaker eddy current and Joule heating effect, so that the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 reaches a lower fifth set temperature value. At the same time, low-flow, low-temperature combustion gas enters the second heating tube 341, and a small amount of ammonia to be heated is introduced, so that the small amount of ammonia is heated to a lower sixth set temperature value, and enters the ammonia cracking tube 110 through the hot ammonia outlet 344 and the ammonia inlet 111, and contacts with the ammonia cracking catalyst 130 that has reached the fifth set temperature value to produce a cracked gas containing a small amount of hydrogen and nitrogen, which is finally discharged from the cracked gas output port 112.

[0108] In order to improve the reaction efficiency and avoid excessive temperature drop of ammonia during the reaction, in this embodiment, the fifth set temperature value and the sixth set temperature value are set to the same temperature value.

[0109] Under the above working conditions, the exhaust steam and condensed water discharged from the steam turbine 210 flow into the condensed water pipeline through the condensed water outlet 212, and are transported to the condensed water reheating chamber 360 through the reheating inlet 361. The exhaust steam and condensed water contact the third heating pipe 363 through the serpentine condensed water reheating channel 365 formed by the condensed water guide plate 364, thereby achieving reheating. The reheated water flows into the reheated water return pump 370 through the reheating outlet 362, and is transported back to the steam generating chamber 330 through the reheating inlet 337.

[0110] This method meets the requirements of rapid cold start-up of the ammonia reforming system in seconds, and can realize long-term operation of high-pressure ammonia cracking, high flux, high ammonia cracking rate and high energy utilization efficiency.

[0111] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically described above, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal-electric-magnetic high-throughput fast-response ammonia reforming system, characterized in that: include: An ammonia cracking device, comprising an ammonia cracking tube and a high-frequency inductance coil, wherein the high-frequency inductance coil is arranged around the outer circumference of the ammonia cracking tube, the ammonia cracking tube has an ammonia gas input port and a cracked gas output port, an ammonia cracking catalyst is arranged inside the ammonia cracking tube, and the ammonia cracking tube is provided with a conductive part having a heat exchange relationship with the ammonia cracking catalyst; A power generation device, comprising a steam turbine, a generator and a high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module, wherein the steam turbine is drivingly connected to the generator, the steam turbine has a water vapor inlet, the generator is electrically connected to the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module, the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module is electrically connected to the high-frequency inductor, and the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module is used to store and transform electricity; A heating heat exchange device, comprising a heat exchanger and a burner, wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a combustion heating channel, a water vapor generation chamber and an ammonia preheating chamber, wherein the combustion heating channel simultaneously has a partition heat exchange relationship with the water vapor generation chamber and the ammonia preheating chamber, wherein the water vapor generation chamber has a water vapor outlet connected to the water vapor inlet, wherein the ammonia preheating chamber has a cold ammonia inlet and a hot ammonia outlet, wherein the hot ammonia outlet is connected to the ammonia input port, and wherein the burner is provided in the combustion heating channel; The combustion heating channel includes a first heating tube and a combustion air chamber. The combustion air chamber is provided with a plurality of combustion air chambers, and the plurality of combustion air chambers are arranged on both sides of the steam generating chamber in a staggered manner in sequence. The relative positions between each two relative combustion air chambers are connected by at least one first heating tube to form a return heating channel. The combustion heating channel includes a plurality of second heating pipes located in the ammonia preheating chamber, the second heating pipes penetrate the ammonia preheating chamber, the ammonia preheating chamber is provided with a plurality of ammonia guide plates, and the plurality of ammonia guide plates are arranged in a staggered manner along the flow direction of the second heating pipes to form a serpentine ammonia heating flow channel; The heat exchanger is provided with a condensate reheat chamber, the combustion heating channel and the condensate reheat chamber have a partition heat exchange relationship, the condensate reheat chamber has a reheat input port and a reheat outlet, the steam turbine also has a condensate outlet connected to the reheat input port, and the steam generation chamber has a reheat water inlet connected to the reheat outlet; The combustion heating channel includes a plurality of third heating tubes located in the condensate reheat chamber, the third heating tubes pass through the condensate reheat chamber, the condensate reheat chamber is provided with a plurality of condensate guide plates, and the plurality of condensate guide plates are arranged in a staggered manner to form a serpentine condensate reheat flow channel.

2. The thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion heating channel also includes a combustion chamber arranged in the steam generating cabin, and the burner includes a burner arranged in the combustion chamber, a fuel inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe connected to the burner.

3. The thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam generation chamber, the ammonia preheating chamber and the condensed water reheating chamber are arranged in sequence along the temperature decreasing direction of the combustion heating path; A reheated water reflux pump is provided between the reheat outlet and the reheated water inlet, and a pressure relief valve is provided in the steam generating cabin.

4. The thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam turbine comprises an output shaft, a plurality of stationary impellers, a plurality of movable impellers, and a flywheel. The stationary impellers and the movable impellers are arranged alternately and spaced along the output shaft. The stationary impellers are fixed to the inner wall of the steam turbine, and the movable impellers and the flywheel are interlaced and fixed to the output shaft.

5. The thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of conductive grids are arranged in an axially spaced arrangement inside the ammonia cracking tube, and the ammonia cracking catalyst is loaded between two adjacent conductive grids. The ammonia cracking tube is a conductive component.

6. A method for using the thermal-electric-magnetic high-flux fast-response ammonia reforming system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method of use includes: During cold start conditions: The high-frequency inductor coil is powered by the electricity stored in the high-frequency voltage conversion energy storage module to generate a high-frequency magnetic field, and Joule heating is performed to heat the ammonia cracking catalyst; The burner is turned on, and the ammonia to be heated enters the ammonia preheating chamber, and the ammonia is preheated through heat exchange between the combustion heating channel and the ammonia preheating chamber, and the preheated ammonia enters the ammonia cracking tube and contacts with the ammonia cracking catalyst to perform an ammonia cracking reaction; During the transition from cold start to normal operation: As the combustion heating channel gradually heats the water in the steam generating chamber, the steam generated in the steam generating chamber drives the steam turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity; A portion of the electricity generated by the generator is used to replenish the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module, and the other portion is used to power the high-frequency inductor coil after being transformed by the high-frequency voltage transformation energy storage module; Keeping the ammonia cracking catalyst heated and the ammonia gas preheated; Under normal operation and for different hydrogen demand conditions: adjusting the combustion power of the burner; Adjust the flow rate of ammonia gas to be heated.

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