A method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of locomotive

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of high-speed rail bearing manufacturing, and in particular to a method for detecting the inner ring size of a locomotive axle box bearing, which is implemented by means of a locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device. An ultrasonic cleaning device, a wind knife cleaning device, a parallel difference detection device, an inner diameter detection device, a raceway detection device, and a shoulder inner diameter detection device are arranged in sequence. The workpiece handling unit is used to transfer the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing between different stations. The loading roller conveyor is used to continuously supply the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to be tested. The NG material roller conveyor and the OK material roller conveyor are respectively used to receive defective products and qualified products transferred from the upstream detection station. In this way, on the one hand, multiple project test functions are integrated at the same time, and several test items can be implemented at the same station; the entire process is automated; on the other hand, the number of employees and labor costs are reduced; on the other hand, the detection efficiency is improved, the test accuracy is high, and the test results are comprehensive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed rail bearing manufacturing, in particular to a method for detecting the size of an inner ring of a locomotive axle box bearing. Background Art

[0002] High-power locomotive axlebox bearings are a key mechanical part that has an important impact on the safety and reliability of high-power locomotives. Locomotive axlebox bearings are subjected to heavy loads and torque during the operation of high-power locomotives (inertia and external loads are transmitted through the axlebox bearings). Therefore, they need to have high load-bearing capacity, excellent wear resistance, good rotation accuracy and rigidity, and extremely high requirements are placed on their material selection, heat treatment process, and manufacturing accuracy. For the inner ring of the locomotive axlebox bearing, the manufacturing accuracy inspection items mainly include: plane parallelism error, inner diameter inclination variation, inner diameter ovality, inner diameter diameter, inner diameter taper, raceway diameter, inner diameter major circle diameter, and raceway angle difference.

[0003] In the prior art, the implementation of manufacturing precision inspection projects is achieved through manual operation of workers, and in order to relax the requirements for workers' work skills, the same workstation usually only completes a certain inspection project. In addition, the testing methods are relatively backward. Taking the test of plane parallelism error as an example, the commonly used methods are the feeler gauge test method, the level test method and the meter test method. The test accuracy of the above test methods is extremely poor, and the test results are not comprehensive enough. Furthermore, during the test preparation stage, the test process and the post-test stage, workers need to adjust or transfer the posture of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing (some models exceed 10Kg) many times, which consumes a lot of physical energy. In addition, the position of the instrument needs to be moved repeatedly during the test process, the test point data needs to be recorded in real time, and the workers need to compare the data in real time to clarify whether it is within the allowable value range, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the detection efficiency is low. In addition, in order to implement various manufacturing precision inspection projects, a large number of test stations need to be arranged in an assembly line manner in the workshop, which requires a large area of ​​space. According to the quality inspection process requirements, each workshop test station needs to be equipped with at least one quality control personnel, and some stations also need to be equipped with an additional auxiliary personnel. This will inevitably lead to high labor costs, which is particularly difficult in the context of difficulty in recruiting and employing workers. Therefore, technical personnel are urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned existing problems and defects, the research and development team of the project of the present invention collected relevant information, conducted multiple evaluations and considerations, and continuously experimented and modified the method, which eventually led to the emergence of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection method.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention relates to a method for detecting the inner ring size of a locomotive axle box bearing, which is achieved by means of a locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device. Along the upstream and downstream directions, an ultrasonic cleaning device, a wind knife cleaning device, a parallel difference detection device, an inner diameter detection device, a raceway detection device, and a shoulder inner diameter detection device are arranged in sequence, and are all carried by the machine. The workpiece handling unit is used to transfer the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing between different workstations. The loading roller conveyor is located upstream of the ultrasonic cleaning device to continuously supply it with the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to be inspected. The NG material roller conveyor and the OK material roller conveyor are both located downstream of the shoulder inner diameter detection device, and are staggered at 90° to each other, so as to respectively receive defective products and qualified products flowing through the shoulder inner diameter detection device;

[0006] The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. The inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is carried by the loading roller conveyor and transferred to the ultrasonic cleaning device by means of the workpiece handling unit;

[0008] The ultrasonic cleaning device utilizes the cavitation, acceleration and straight-forward flow of ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid to decompose and remove the dirt attached to the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing;

[0009] S2, using a workpiece handling unit to transfer the cleaned inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to an air knife cleaning device;

[0010] The air knife cleaning device uses strong high-speed airflow to remove water stains and dust from the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing;

[0011] S3, transferring the cleaned inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the parallelism difference detection device by means of a workpiece handling unit;

[0012] After the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive enters the position to be measured, the parallel difference detection device blows multiple streams of high-pressure gas of equal value and flow rate to its top wall simultaneously. The difference between the maximum and minimum air pressure values ​​in different areas indirectly reflects the plane parallel difference.

[0013] S4, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the inner diameter detection device by means of the workpiece handling unit, including sub-steps S41, S42, S43, and S44, which are used to respectively measure the inner diameter inclination variation, inner diameter ovality, inner diameter diameter, and inner diameter taper of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive;

[0014] S41. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the upper and lower points laser take a value every 30°, and after each value is taken, the laser distance measurement values ​​of the two points are subtracted and the absolute value is taken to obtain the change in the inclination of the inner diameter of a single surface after rotation; after one rotation is completed, all the changes in the inclination of the inner diameter of a single surface are integrated, and the difference between the maximum change and the minimum change is the change in the inclination of the inner diameter;

[0015] S42. During one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the laser at a single point takes several values, and the coordinates of the corresponding number of points are calculated and fitted into a virtual circle. The maximum distance and the shortest distance between the virtual circle and the points involved in fitting the virtual circle are calculated, and the difference between the two is the inner diameter ellipticity.

[0016] S43, during one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a single point laser takes several values, calculates the corresponding number of point coordinates and fits a virtual circle to obtain the diameter of the virtual circle, and corrects the compensation value to obtain the inner diameter;

[0017] S44. During one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the laser takes one value at each of the upper and lower points at an interval of 30°, calculates the coordinates of the corresponding number of points, and fits the upper and lower circles. The diameter of the lower circle is subtracted from the diameter of the upper circle to obtain the inner diameter taper;

[0018] S5, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the raceway detection device by means of the workpiece handling unit, including sub-steps S51 and S52, which are used to measure the raceway diameter and the raceway angle difference of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive respectively;

[0019] S51. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a photo is projected after each rotation, and two opposite outer contours are taken as the hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 respectively. The hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 are extended in the reverse direction until they intersect with the bottom contour to obtain the measurement calibration point 1 and the measurement calibration point 2. The distance between the measurement calibration point 1 and the measurement calibration point 2 is measured to obtain the raceway diameter.

[0020] S52. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a photo is projected after each rotation. The reference straight line 1 and the reference straight line 3 intersect with the hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 to form the reference point 1 and the reference point 2 respectively. The reference point 1 and the reference point 2 are fitted into the bottom straight line. The bottom straight line is translated upward by distances d1 and d2 respectively to form parallel lines 1 and parallel lines 2; parallel lines 1 and parallel lines 2 intersect with the hypotenuse straight line 1 to form intersection points 1 and intersection points 2 respectively, and parallel lines 1 and parallel lines 2 intersect with the hypotenuse straight line 2 to form intersection points 3 and intersection points 4 respectively. The distance between intersection points 1 and intersection points 2 is calculated to obtain distance 1, and the distance between intersection points 2 and intersection points 4 is calculated to obtain distance 2. Distance 1 and distance 2 are subtracted to obtain the single-plane distance difference; the maximum and maximum values ​​of the single-plane distance differences obtained in multiple rotations are taken and subtracted to obtain the raceway angle difference;

[0021] S6. The inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is transferred to the shoulder inner diameter detection device by means of the workpiece handling unit to measure the large diameter of the inner diameter of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing;

[0022] Take a picture of the bottom wall of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, perform image processing, and use the least squares method for data fitting to obtain the large diameter of the inner diameter;

[0023] S7. The inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing with all qualified inspection indicators is transferred to the packaging station through the OK roller conveyor; while the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing with one or more unqualified inspection indicators is transferred to the repair station through the NG roller conveyor for repair.

[0024] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the machine platform includes a chassis and a marble slab. The marble slab is used as the common installation base for the parallelism difference detection device, the inner diameter detection device, the raceway detection device, and the shoulder inner diameter detection device, and is supported by the chassis.

[0025] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the workpiece handling unit is composed of a first workpiece handling sub-unit, a second workpiece handling sub-unit, and a third workpiece handling sub-unit. The first workpiece handling sub-unit, the second workpiece handling sub-unit, and the third workpiece handling sub-unit are all borne by the machine platform, jointly enclose a "U shape", and cooperate with each other to enable the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to be transferred between different workstations.

[0026] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the first workpiece handling sub-unit, the second workpiece handling sub-unit, and the third workpiece handling sub-unit have the same design structure. Among them, the first workpiece handling sub-unit includes a first load-bearing beam, a first linear drive module, a first material picking mechanism, and a second material picking mechanism. The first load-bearing beam is detachably fixed to the machine platform to serve as the installation base for the first linear drive module. The first material picking mechanism and the second material picking mechanism are used to pick up, translate, and place the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing. The two are arranged side by side and independently perform translational motion under the driving force from the first linear drive module.

[0027] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the first material picking mechanism and the second material picking mechanism have the same design structure. The first material picking mechanism includes a second linear drive module, a mounting seat, and a first pneumatic three-jaw chuck. The second linear drive module is directly driven by the first linear drive module. The mounting seat performs displacement motion in the up and down direction when receiving the driving force from the second linear drive module. The first pneumatic three-jaw chuck is used to directly pick up and place the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and is mounted on the mounting seat.

[0028] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the first material picking mechanism also includes a buffer assembly. The buffer assembly serves as a connection transition between the mounting seat and the second linear drive module. The buffer assembly includes a mounting transition plate, a first slide rail slider assembly, a limit seat and a columnar spring. The first slide rail slider assembly is composed of a first slide rail and a first slider. Among them, the two first slide rails both use the mounting transition plate as a mounting base and are parallel to each other. The first slider used in conjunction with the first slide rail uses the mounting seat as a mounting base. The limit seat and the mounting transition plate are assembled into one in a detachable manner. There are multiple columnar springs, all of which are connected between the limit seat and the mounting seat. When the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck performs a downward movement due to the driving force from the second linear drive module, at the moment when it touches the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing due to deviation alignment, the mounting seat performs a directional sliding movement under the auxiliary action of the first slide rail slider assembly. At the same time, the columnar spring undergoes adaptive elastic deformation due to compression.

[0029] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device also includes a first temporary storage platform and a second temporary storage platform. The first temporary storage platform and the second temporary storage platform are both used to temporarily store the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring transferred from the previous station, wherein the first temporary storage platform is arranged downstream of the air knife cleaning device and upstream of the parallel difference detection device; and the second temporary storage platform is arranged downstream of the parallel difference detection device and upstream of the inner diameter detection device.

[0030] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the ultrasonic cleaning device includes a cleaning tank, an ultrasonic generator and a sinking mechanism. The sinking mechanism uses the cleaning tank as an installation base. The sinking mechanism is used to receive the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing transferred from the workpiece handling unit, and subsequently performs a sinking action until the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is immersed in the cleaning liquid stored in the cleaning tank.

[0031] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the sinking mechanism includes a third linear drive module, a support plate and a limit fixture. The third linear drive module is used to drive the support plate together with the limit fixture to perform displacement movement in the up and down directions, so that the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing can be immersed in / out of the cleaning liquid. The limit fixture is used to limit the plane displacement freedom of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it uses the support plate as the installation base.

[0032] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the limiting tooling is composed of a stabilizing ring and a limiting claw. A plurality of limiting claws cooperate to limit the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, are arranged in a ray array, and are stabilized together by the stabilizing ring.

[0033] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the wind knife cleaning device includes an internal annular wind knife blowing ring, an external annular wind knife blowing ring, a first support seat and a power unit. The internal annular wind knife blowing ring and the external annular wind knife blowing ring independently generate air curtains to blow the inner wall and the outer wall of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing respectively. The first support seat is used to support the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it performs displacement movement cyclically in the up and down directions due to the driving force from the power unit, and the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is swept by the air curtain.

[0034] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the parallel difference detection device includes a first base, a pneumatic measuring instrument and a material dragging mechanism. The pneumatic measuring instrument uses the first base as an installation basis. The material dragging mechanism is used to match the pneumatic measuring instrument. When the pneumatic measuring instrument is in motion, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing moves sideways due to the lateral force until it stops at the test station.

[0035] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the material dragging mechanism includes a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, a second slide rail slider assembly and a fourth linear drive module. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged opposite to each other, and are respectively provided with a first clamping notch and a second clamping notch adapted to the outer shape of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are both driven by the fourth linear drive module, and with the assistance of the second slide rail slider assembly, they perform displacement movement in a directional manner to approach / move away from the pneumatic measuring instrument.

[0036] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the inner diameter detection device includes a second base, an air bearing, a vacuum suction cup, a laser displacement sensor and a power drive unit. The second base is used to carry the air bearing, which uses the machine as an installation base. The vacuum suction cup is used to position and clamp the locomotive axle box bearing. With the assistance of the air bearing, the vacuum suction cup performs circumferential rotation around its own central axis due to the rotational torque from the power drive unit. The number of laser displacement sensors is 2, which are arranged in sequence along the up and down directions. When the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is positioned and clamped in place relative to the vacuum suction cup, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is maintained in a high-speed circumferential rotation motion state, and the inner wall size parameters of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing are collected by the laser displacement sensor.

[0037] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the raceway detection device includes a second pneumatic three-jaw chuck, a torque motor, a first projection camera assembly and a second projection camera assembly. The torque motor is used to drive the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck, which uses the machine platform as an installation base. The second pneumatic three-jaw chuck is used to locate and clamp the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it performs circumferential rotation around its own central axis due to the rotational torque from the torque motor. The first projection camera assembly and the second projection camera assembly are both used to project light toward the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing and capture the outer contour projection image of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck.

[0038] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the shoulder inner diameter detection device includes a second support seat and a high-speed CCD camera assembly. The second support seat is used to support the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing and has an avoidance hole thereon that is conducive to the high-speed CCD camera assembly to perform a photographing operation.

[0039] As a further improvement of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the shoulder inner diameter detection device also includes a position correction unit. The position correction unit is used to drag the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to perform a plane displacement movement until its central axis coincides with the central axis of the avoidance hole. The position correction unit is composed of a first position correction subunit and a second position correction subunit. Among them, the first position correction subunit includes a first support plate and a first cylinder. The second position correction subunit includes a second support plate and a second cylinder. The first support plate and the second support plate are both provided with a first arc-shaped guide notch and a second arc-shaped guide notch that are adapted to the outer shape of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing. The first cylinder and the second cylinder are both installed on the second support seat. When the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is placed relative to the second support seat, the first support plate and the second support plate perform opposite movements due to the driving force from the first cylinder and the second cylinder respectively, and the first arc-shaped guide notch and the second arc-shaped guide notch are able to approach and touch the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing.

[0040] In practical applications, the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection method disclosed in the present invention has achieved at least the following beneficial technical effects, which are specifically embodied in:

[0041] 1) The locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection method is realized with the help of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment. Compared with the traditional multi-station labor-intensive assembly line detection method, the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment integrates multiple project test functions at the same time, and through reasonable design and layout, several detection items can be implemented at the same station, making its design structure more compact, and the required floor space can be greatly reduced, which is beneficial to;

[0042] 2) As far as the current operating status is concerned, each locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment only needs to be equipped with one quality control personnel. In the preparation stage, he / she imports the design drawings of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring for pre-detection to the equipment control host and fills in various size control standards in the preset box of the panel, which greatly reduces the number of employees and labor costs, and also relaxes the requirements for the work experience and labor skills of quality control personnel;

[0043] 3) During the test process, the loading roller conveyor and the workpiece handling unit cooperate with each other to realize the automatic supply of the inner rings of the axle box bearings to be tested. With the help of the workpiece handling unit, the inner rings are transferred between different test stations. The subsequent NG material roller conveyor and OK material roller conveyor are assisted by the workpiece handling unit to realize the automatic classification of the inner rings of axle box bearings of different qualities. The whole process is automated and no workers are required to intervene in the whole process.

[0044] 4) With the help of parallel difference detection device, inner diameter detection device, raceway detection device, and shoulder inner diameter detection device, various manufacturing accuracy detection items of the inner ring of the axle box bearing are implemented. The entire detection process still does not require the intervention of workers. Compared with the traditional manual detection method, the detection efficiency can be improved by dozens of times, and the detection cost can be greatly reduced. In addition, the test accuracy is extremely high and the test results are comprehensive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device from one viewing angle in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a machine platform in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 It is a stereoscopic schematic diagram from one viewing angle of the ultrasonic cleaning device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5 It is a stereoscopic schematic diagram from another perspective of the ultrasonic cleaning device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the sinking mechanism in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a limit fixture in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the air knife cleaning device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0054] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the wind knife cleaning device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention (with the waterproof cover hidden).

[0055] Fig.10 It is a stereoscopic schematic diagram from one viewing angle of a parallelism difference detection device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0056] Fig.11 It is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the parallelism difference detection device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0057] Fig.12 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the inner diameter detection device in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0058] Fig.13 yes Fig.12 Top view of the .

[0059] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 AA section view.

[0060] Fig.15 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a raceway detection device in a locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0061] Fig.16 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a shoulder inner diameter detection device in a locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0062] Fig.17 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a position correction unit in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0063] Fig.18 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a workpiece handling unit in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0064] Fig.19 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first workpiece handling subunit in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0065] Fig. 20 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first material taking mechanism in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0066] Fig.21 It is a reference standard for selecting the accuracy grade of the pneumatic measuring instrument in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention.

[0067] Fig. 22 This is a parameter table for selecting air bearings in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0068] Fig.23 This is a parameter table for selecting a torque motor in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0069] Fig.24 This is a parameter table for selecting a high-speed CCD camera in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention.

[0070] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring the raceway diameter in a method for detecting the inner ring size of a locomotive axle box bearing of the present invention.

[0071] Fig.26 It is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring the raceway angle difference in a method for detecting the inner ring size of a locomotive axle box bearing of the present invention.

[0072] 1-machine platform; 11a-base frame; 11b-marble plate; 2-ultrasonic cleaning device; 21-cleaning tank; 22-sinking mechanism; 221-third linear drive module; 222-supporting plate; 223-limiting tooling; 2231-stabilizing ring; 2232-limiting claw; 3-air knife cleaning device; 31-built-in annular air knife blowing ring; 32-external annular air knife blowing ring; 33-first support seat; 34-power unit; 35-waterproof cover; 4-parallel difference detection device; 41-first base; 42-pneumatic measuring instrument; 43-drag mechanism; 431-first clamping plate; 4311-first clamping notch; 432 - second clamping plate; 4321 - second clamping notch; 433 - second slide rail slider assembly; 434 - fourth linear drive module; 5 - inner diameter detection device; 51 - second base; 52 - air bearing; 53 - vacuum suction cup; 54 - laser displacement sensor; 55 - power drive unit; 551 - rotary motor; 552 - synchronous belt transmission mechanism; 6 - rolling track detection device; 61 - second pneumatic three-jaw chuck; 62 - torque motor; 63 - first projection camera assembly; 64 - second projection camera assembly; 7 - table Shoulder inner diameter detection device; 71-second support seat; 711-avoidance hole; 72-high-speed CCD camera assembly; 73-position correction unit; 731-first position correction subunit; 7311-first top support plate; 73111-first arc-shaped guide notch; 7312-first cylinder; 732-second position correction subunit; 7321-second top support plate; 73211-second arc-shaped guide notch; 7322-second cylinder; 8-workpiece handling unit; 81-first workpiece handling subunit; 811- The first load-bearing beam; 812-the first linear drive module; 813-the first material-picking mechanism; 8131-the second linear drive module; 8132-the mounting seat; 8133-the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck; 8134-the buffer assembly; 81341-the installation transition plate; 81342-the first slide rail slider assembly; 81343-the limit seat; 81344-the columnar spring; 814-the second material-picking mechanism; 82-the second workpiece handling subunit; 83-the third workpiece handling subunit; 9-the loading roller conveyor; 10-the NG material roller conveyor; 11-the OK material roller conveyor; 12-the first temporary storage platform; 13-the second temporary storage platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "left", "right", "front", "back", "up", "down", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0074] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Figure 1 , Figure 2 The three-dimensional schematic diagrams of two different perspectives of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device in the present invention are respectively shown. It can be seen that it is mainly composed of a machine 1, an ultrasonic cleaning device 2, an air knife cleaning device 3, a parallel difference detection device 4, an inner diameter detection device 5, a raceway detection device 6, a shoulder inner diameter detection device 7, a workpiece handling unit 8, a loading roller conveyor 9, an NG material roller conveyor 10 and an OK material roller conveyor 11. Among them, along the upstream and downstream directions, the ultrasonic cleaning device 2, the air knife cleaning device 3, the parallel difference detection device 4, the inner diameter detection device 5, the raceway detection device 6, and the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7 are arranged in sequence and are all carried by the machine 1. The workpiece handling unit 8 is used to transfer the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing between different stations. The loading roller conveyor 9 is located upstream of the ultrasonic cleaning device 2 to continuously supply it with the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to be detected that is transferred from the processing and manufacturing workshop. The NG material roller conveyor 10 and the OK material roller conveyor 11 are both located downstream of the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7 and are arranged 90 degrees staggered with each other to respectively receive defective products and qualified products flowing through the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7.

[0075] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a method for detecting the size of the inner ring of axle box bearing of a locomotive, which is implemented by means of the above-mentioned locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0076] S1, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is carried by the loading roller conveyor 9, and is transferred to the ultrasonic cleaning device 2 by means of the workpiece handling unit 8;

[0077] The ultrasonic cleaning device 2 utilizes the cavitation, acceleration and straight-forward flow effects of ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid to decompose and remove the dirt attached to the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive;

[0078] S2, transferring the cleaned inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the air knife cleaning device 3 by means of the workpiece handling unit 8;

[0079] The air knife cleaning device 3 uses a strong high-speed airflow to remove water stains and dust attached to the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing;

[0080] S3, transferring the cleaned inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the parallelism difference detection device 4 by means of the workpiece transport unit 8;

[0081] After the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive enters the position to be measured, the parallel difference detection device 4 simultaneously blows multiple streams of high-pressure gas of equal value and flow rate to its top wall, and the difference between the maximum air pressure value and the minimum air pressure value between different areas indirectly reflects the plane parallel difference;

[0082] S4, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the inner diameter detection device 5 by means of the workpiece handling unit 8, including sub-steps S41, S42, S43, and S44, which are respectively used to measure the inner diameter inclination variation, inner diameter ovality, inner diameter diameter, and inner diameter taper of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive;

[0083] S41. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the upper and lower points laser take a value every 30°, and after each value is taken, the laser distance measurement values ​​of the two points are subtracted and the absolute value is taken to obtain the change in the inclination of the inner diameter of a single surface after rotation; after one rotation is completed, all the changes in the inclination of the inner diameter of a single surface are integrated, and the difference between the maximum change and the minimum change is the change in the inclination of the inner diameter;

[0084] S42. During one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the laser at a single point takes several values, and the coordinates of the corresponding number of points are calculated and fitted into a virtual circle. The maximum distance and the shortest distance between the virtual circle and the points involved in fitting the virtual circle are calculated, and the difference between the two is the inner diameter ellipticity.

[0085] S43, during one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a single point laser takes several values, calculates the corresponding number of point coordinates and fits a virtual circle to obtain the diameter of the virtual circle, and corrects the compensation value to obtain the inner diameter;

[0086] S44. During one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the laser takes one value at each of the upper and lower points at an interval of 30°, calculates the coordinates of the corresponding number of points, and fits the upper and lower circles. The diameter of the lower circle is subtracted from the diameter of the upper circle to obtain the inner diameter taper;

[0087] S5, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the raceway detection device 6 by means of the workpiece handling unit 8, including sub-steps S51 and S52, which are used to measure the raceway diameter and the raceway angle difference of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive respectively;

[0088] S51. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a photo is projected after each rotation, and two opposite outer contours are taken as the hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 respectively. The hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 are extended in the opposite direction until they intersect with the bottom contour to obtain the measurement calibration point 1 and the measurement calibration point 2. The distance between the measurement calibration point 1 and the measurement calibration point 2 is measured to obtain the raceway diameter (such as Fig.25 );

[0089] S52. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a photo is projected after each rotation. The reference straight line 1 and the reference straight line 3 intersect with the hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 to form the reference point 1 and the reference point 2 respectively. The reference point 1 and the reference point 2 are fitted into the bottom straight line. The bottom straight line is translated upward by distances d1 and d2 respectively to form parallel lines 1 and parallel lines 2; parallel lines 1 and parallel lines 2 intersect with the hypotenuse straight line 1 to form intersection points 1 and intersection points 2 respectively, and parallel lines 1 and parallel lines 2 intersect with the hypotenuse straight line 2 to form intersection points 3 and intersection points 4 respectively. The distance between intersection points 1 and intersection points 2 is calculated to obtain distance 1, and the distance between intersection points 2 and intersection points 4 is calculated to obtain distance 2. Distance 1 and distance 2 are subtracted to obtain the single-plane distance difference; the maximum and maximum values ​​of the single-plane distance differences obtained in multiple rotations are taken and subtracted to obtain the raceway angle difference (such as Fig.26 );

[0090] S6, using the workpiece handling unit 8 to transfer the inner ring of the axle box bearing to the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7, so as to measure the inner diameter of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive;

[0091] The bottom wall of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive is photographed, image processing is performed, and the data is fitted using the least square method to obtain the inner diameter major circle diameter;

[0092] S7. The inner rings of the axle box bearings that are qualified in all the test indicators are transferred to the packaging station via the OK material roller conveyor 11; while the inner rings of the axle box bearings that are unqualified in one or more of the test indicators are transferred to the rework station via the NG material roller conveyor 10 for repair.

[0093] In practical applications, the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection method disclosed in the present invention has achieved at least the following beneficial technical effects, which are specifically embodied in:

[0094] 1) The locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection method is realized with the help of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment. Compared with the traditional multi-station labor-intensive assembly line detection method, the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment integrates multiple project test functions at the same time, and through reasonable design and layout, several detection items can be implemented at the same station, making its design structure more compact, and the required floor space can be greatly reduced, which is beneficial to;

[0095] 2) As far as the current operating status is concerned, each locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment only needs to be equipped with one quality control personnel. In the preparation stage, he only needs to import the design drawings of the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring for pre-testing to the equipment control host and fill in various size control standards in the preset box of the panel, thereby greatly reducing the number of employees and labor costs, and also relaxing the requirements for the work experience and labor skills of quality control personnel;

[0096] 3) During the testing process, the loading roller conveyor 9 and the workpiece handling unit 8 cooperate with each other to achieve the automatic supply of the inner rings of the axle box bearings to be inspected. With the help of the workpiece handling unit 8, the inner rings are transferred between different testing stations. Subsequently, the NG material roller conveyor 10 and the OK material roller conveyor 11, with the assistance of the workpiece handling unit 8, achieve the automatic classification of the inner rings of the axle box bearings of different qualities. The entire process is automated and does not require the intervention of workers throughout.

[0097] It should also be noted here that the inner ring size detection equipment for locomotive axle box bearings has achieved fully automated detection, specifically manifested as follows: with the help of the parallelism difference detection device 4, the inner diameter detection device 5, the raceway detection device 6, and the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7, various manufacturing precision detection items of the inner rings of the axle box bearings are implemented. The entire detection process still does not require the intervention of workers. Compared with the traditional manual detection method, the detection efficiency has been increased by dozens of times, and the detection cost has been greatly reduced. Moreover, the test accuracy is extremely high and the test results are comprehensive.

[0098] According to long-term experience, the self-excitation phenomenon of the machine tool 1 has a crucial impact on the data detection accuracy and will also affect the service life of the detection equipment to a certain extent. In view of this, as a further optimization of the above technical solution, as Figure 3 shown in the figure, the machine tool 1 is of a split design structure, which includes a chassis 11a and a marble plate 12b. The chassis 11a is formed by welding multiple sections of profiles to support the marble plate 12b. The marble plate 12b is used as the common installation base for the parallelism difference detection device 4, the inner diameter detection device 5, the raceway detection device 6, and the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7. The marble plate 12b has good density. Thus, when it is subjected to external forces, it can reduce the amplitude of vibration through its own mass. In addition, due to its material characteristics, it is conducive to machining a high-precision flat surface on it, which is conducive to ensuring the installation accuracy of each test equipment.

[0099] It is known that the workpiece handling unit 8 can adopt various design structures to achieve the transfer of the inner rings of the locomotive axle box bearings. However, a specific implementation plan with a simple design structure, easy to manufacture and implement, and extremely high transfer efficiency is recommended here. Specifically, as Fig.18 shown in the figure, the workpiece handling unit 8 is composed of a first workpiece handling sub-unit 81, a second workpiece handling sub-unit 82, and a third workpiece handling sub-unit 83. The first workpiece handling sub-unit 81, the second workpiece handling sub-unit 82, and the third workpiece handling sub-unit 83 are all borne by the machine tool 1, jointly enclose a "U-shaped", and cooperate with each other to enable the inner rings of the locomotive axle box bearings to be transferred between the ultrasonic cleaning device 2, the air knife cleaning device 3, the parallelism difference detection device 4, the inner diameter detection device 5, the raceway detection device 6, and the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7.

[0100] Furthermore, by Fig.18It can also be clearly seen that the first workpiece transport subunit 81, the second workpiece transport subunit 82 and the third workpiece transport subunit 83 have the same design structure. In order to save space, only the first workpiece transport subunit 81 is taken as an example to explain its design structure in detail, specifically: Fig.19 As shown in , the first workpiece transport subunit 81 is mainly composed of several parts such as a first load-bearing beam 811, a first linear drive module 812, a first material picking mechanism 813 and a second material picking mechanism 814. Among them, the first load-bearing beam 811 is detachably fixed to the base frame 11a to serve as the installation basis of the first linear drive module 812. The first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 are used to pick up, translate and place the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and the two are placed side by side. The first linear drive module 812 is preferably a double-acting linear motor module, which is used to simultaneously drive the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 to independently perform translational motion. Furthermore, the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 have the same design structure. Here, only the first material picking mechanism 813 is taken as an example to explain its design structure in detail, specifically: Fig. 20 As shown in the figure, the first material picking mechanism 813 is mainly composed of the second linear drive module 8131, the mounting seat 8132 and the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck 8133. Among them, the second linear drive module 8131 is directly driven by the first linear drive module 812. The mounting seat 8132 performs displacement movement in the up and down directions when it is acted upon by the driving force from the second linear drive module 8131. The first pneumatic three-jaw chuck 8133 is used to directly pick up and place the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it uses the mounting seat 8132 as the installation base.

[0101] In the early trial operation stage, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing was often scratched or damaged by the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck 8133, and it was necessary to perform laser cladding repair operations on its surface later, which was time-consuming, labor-intensive, and the repair cost was extremely high. The reason is that due to technical limitations, it is difficult for the first linear drive module 812 and the second linear drive module 8131 to achieve millisecond-level deceleration and emergency stops in actual operation, which can easily lead to a rigid collision of the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck 8133 at the moment of contact with the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing. In view of this, as a further optimization of the above technical solution, the same Fig. 20As shown in, the first material picking mechanism 813 is further provided with a buffer assembly 8134. The buffer assembly 8134 serves as a connection transition between the mounting seat 8132 and the second linear drive module 8131. The buffer assembly includes a mounting transition plate 81341, a first slide rail slider assembly 81342, a limit seat 81343 and a columnar spring 81344. Among them, the first slide rail slider assembly 81342 is composed of a first slide rail and a first slider. Both first slide rails use the mounting transition plate 81341 as a mounting base and are parallel to each other. The first slider used in conjunction with the first slide rail uses the mounting seat 8132 as a mounting base. The limit seat 81343 and the mounting transition plate 81341 are assembled into one in a detachable manner. There are multiple columnar springs 81344, all of which are connected between the limit seat 81343 and the mounting seat 8132. When the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck 8133 moves downward due to the driving force from the second linear drive module 8131, at the moment when it touches the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing due to the deviation, the mounting seat 8132 performs directional sliding movement with the assistance of the first slide rail slider assembly 81342. At the same time, the columnar spring 81344 undergoes adaptive elastic deformation due to compression, thereby effectively avoiding the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing from being damaged due to the rigid collision force from the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck 8133.

[0102] In order to cater to the double workpiece handling design characteristics of the workpiece handling unit 8, the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device is further provided with a first temporary storage platform 12 and a second temporary storage platform 13. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , the first temporary storage platform 12 and the second temporary storage platform 13 are both used to temporarily store the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive transferred from the previous station, wherein the first temporary storage platform 12 is arranged downstream of the air knife cleaning device 3 and upstream of the parallel difference detection device 4; and the second temporary storage platform 13 is arranged downstream of the parallel difference detection device 4 and upstream of the inner diameter detection device 5. In this way, in actual operation, according to the specific requirements of the process, the action rhythm of the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 can be optimized to adapt to the detection rhythm of each station, thereby facilitating the full play of the overall working performance of the workpiece handling unit 8.

[0103] like Figure 4 , 5As shown in , in the traditional design, the ultrasonic cleaning device 2 is mainly composed of a cleaning tank 21, an ultrasonic generator (not shown in the figure), etc. The inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is directly sunk into the cleaning tank 21 by the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814. In this process, the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 are bound to be soaked by the cleaning liquid, which will not only affect its own action sensitivity and accuracy, but also cause rust. In view of this, the ultrasonic cleaning device 2 is designed and optimized, and a sinking transition mechanism 22 is added. The sinking transition mechanism 22 uses the cleaning tank 21 as the installation base. The sinking transition mechanism 22 is used to receive the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing transferred from the workpiece handling unit 8, and subsequently performs a sinking action until the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is immersed in the cleaning liquid stored in the cleaning tank 21.

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown in , the sinking transition mechanism 22 includes a third linear drive module 221, a support plate 222 and a limit fixture 223. The third linear drive module 221 is used to drive the support plate 222 together with the limit fixture 223 to perform displacement movement in the up and down directions, so that the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing can be immersed in / out of the cleaning liquid. The limit fixture 223 is used to limit the plane displacement freedom of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it uses the support plate 222 as the installation basis. Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the limiting tool 223 is composed of a stabilizing ring 2231 and a limiting claw 2232 . A plurality of limiting claws 2232 cooperate to limit the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, are arranged in a radial array, and are stabilized together by the stabilizing ring 2231 . In this way, in actual operation, when the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing needs to be placed towards the cleaning tank 21, it is first transferred to the top of the cleaning tank 21 with the help of the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814, and then the two side-by-side sinking transition mechanisms 22 are used for transition transfer, and their positions are corrected with the help of the limiting tooling 223 (which is conducive to the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 to quickly and accurately pick up the first material picking mechanism 813 and the second material picking mechanism 814 after cleaning), and then, the third linear drive module 221 is activated, and the support plate 222 together with the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing performs a synchronous displacement movement downward until the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is completely immersed in the cleaning liquid.

[0105] like Figure 8 , 9As shown in the figure, the wind knife cleaning device 3 uses high-pressure airflow to impact the surface of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, so that the cleaning liquid or dust and impurities are taken away to achieve the purpose of cleaning, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of subsequent detection results. The wind knife cleaning device 3 is mainly composed of several parts such as the built-in annular wind knife blowing ring 31, the external annular wind knife blowing ring 32, the first support seat 33 and the power unit 34. The built-in annular wind knife blowing ring 31 and the external annular wind knife blowing ring 32 independently generate air curtains to blow the inner wall and the outer wall of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing respectively. The first support seat 33 is used to support the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it is subjected to the driving force from the power unit 34 to perform displacement movement cyclically in the up and down directions, and the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is swept by the air curtain.

[0106] like Fig.10 , 11 As shown in , the parallel difference detection device 4 is mainly composed of several parts such as a first base 41, a pneumatic measuring instrument 42 and a dragging mechanism 43. Among them, the pneumatic measuring instrument 42 uses the first base 41 as an installation basis. The dragging mechanism 43 is used to match the pneumatic measuring instrument 42. When it is in action, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing moves sideways due to the lateral force until it stops at the test station. In this way, when the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing enters the position to be measured, the pneumatic measuring instrument 42 simultaneously blows multiple streams of equal-value and equal-flow high-pressure gases to its top wall, and the difference between the maximum air pressure value and the minimum air pressure value between different areas indirectly reflects the plane parallelism difference. Compared with traditional testing methods, the pneumatic measuring instrument 42 has the advantages of high precision and fast response speed.

[0107] Fig.21 The reference standard for selecting the accuracy grade of the pneumatic measuring instrument in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment of the present invention is shown. With reference to the specific quality inspection and acceptance specifications, technical personnel in this field can select the model accordingly.

[0108] Likewise Fig.10 , 11 As shown in the figure, the material dragging mechanism 43 is mainly composed of several parts such as a first clamping plate 431, a second clamping plate 432, a second slide rail slider assembly 433 and a fourth linear drive module 434. Among them, the first clamping plate 431 and the second clamping plate 432 are arranged opposite to each other, and are respectively provided with a first clamping notch 4311 and a second clamping notch 4321 that are adapted to the outer shape of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing. The first clamping plate 4311 and the second clamping plate 4321 are both synchronously driven by the fourth linear drive module 434, and with the assistance of the second slide rail slider assembly 433, they perform displacement movement in a directional manner to approach / move away from the test position defined by the pneumatic measuring instrument.

[0109] like Figure 12-14As shown in the figure, the inner diameter detection device 5 is mainly composed of a second base 51, an air bearing 52, a vacuum suction cup 53, a laser displacement sensor 54 and a power drive unit 55. The second base 51 is used to carry the air bearing 52, which is installed on the machine 1. The vacuum suction cup 53 is used to locate and clamp the axle box bearing of the locomotive. Fig. 22 The table of selection parameters of the air bearing in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention is shown for reference by those skilled in the art when designing and selecting. Under the auxiliary action of the air bearing 52, the vacuum suction cup 53 performs circumferential rotation around its own central axis due to the rotational torque from the power drive unit 55. The number of laser displacement sensors 54 is 2, which are arranged in sequence along the up and down directions. The power drive unit 55 includes a rotating motor 551 and a synchronous belt transmission mechanism 552. When the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is positioned and clamped in place relative to the vacuum suction cup 53, the rotating motor 551 is started, and the vacuum suction cup 53 is continuously subjected to the rotational torque, so that the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing can be maintained in a high-speed circumferential rotation motion form, and the inner side wall size parameters of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing can be collected by the laser displacement sensor 54, and then the data conversion is performed to obtain the inner diameter inclination change, inner diameter ellipticity, inner diameter diameter, inner diameter taper, etc.

[0110] like Fig.15 As shown in , the raceway detection device 6 is mainly composed of a second pneumatic three-jaw chuck 61, a torque motor 62, a first projection camera assembly 63 and a second projection camera assembly 64. Among them, the torque motor 62 is used to drive the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck 61, which uses the machine 1 as an installation base. The second pneumatic three-jaw chuck 61 is used to locate and clamp the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it performs circumferential rotation around its own central axis due to the rotational torque from the torque motor 62. The first projection camera assembly 63 and the second projection camera assembly 64 are both used to project light toward the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing and capture the outer contour projection image of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck 61. Fig.23 The table of selection parameters of the torque motor in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention is shown for reference by those skilled in the art when designing and selecting. The projected image can be displayed on the computer, and the outer contour of the inner ring of the axle box bearing is determined by the image recognition system, and then the raceway diameter and raceway angle difference are indirectly obtained by reference line calibration and translation (the translation distance is determined by the specific orientation size of the inner ring roller of the axle box bearing).

[0111] like Fig.16As shown in the figure, the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7 is mainly composed of several parts such as a second support seat 71 and a high-speed CCD camera assembly 72. The second support seat 71 is used to support the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, and a avoidance hole 711 is provided on the second support seat 71 to facilitate the high-speed CCD camera assembly 72 to perform the photo operation. The high-speed CCD camera assembly 72 is composed of a high-speed CCD camera and a light source. Fig.24 The following table shows the selection parameters of the high-speed CCD camera in the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device of the present invention for reference by those skilled in the art when designing and selecting. When the axle box bearing inner ring is placed and positioned relative to the second support seat 71, the light source emits directional light, and the high-speed CCD camera can clearly capture the shoulder area of ​​the axle box bearing inner ring.

[0112] It is known that the position accuracy of the inner ring of the axle box bearing (mainly reflected in the coaxiality of the inner ring of the axle box bearing and the avoidance hole 711) affects the imaging clarity and imaging area accuracy of the high-speed CCD camera to a certain extent. In view of this, as a further optimization of the above technical solution, Fig.17 As shown in , the shoulder inner diameter detection device 7 is additionally provided with a position correction unit 73. The position correction unit 73 is used to drag the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to perform a planar displacement motion until its central axis coincides with the central axis of the avoidance hole 711. The position correction unit 73 is composed of a first position correction subunit 731 and a second position correction subunit 732. Among them, the first position correction subunit 731 includes a first support plate 7311 and a first cylinder 7312. The second position correction subunit 732 includes a second support plate 7321 and a second cylinder 7322. The first support plate 7311 and the second support plate 7321 are both provided with a first arc-shaped guide notch 73111 and a second arc-shaped guide notch 73211 that are adapted to the outer shape of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing. The first cylinder 7312 and the second cylinder 7322 are both installed on the second support seat 71. When the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is completely placed relative to the second support seat 71, the first support plate 7311 and the second support plate 7321 move towards each other due to the driving force from the first cylinder 7312 and the second cylinder 7322 respectively, and the first arc-shaped guiding notch 73111 and the second arc-shaped guiding notch 73211 are able to approach and touch the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and in the process of the axle box bearing inner ring performing translational movement, it is continuously subjected to the joint guiding force from the first arc-shaped guiding notch 73111 and the second arc-shaped guiding notch 73211 to achieve automatic adjustment of its orientation, which is beneficial to its subsequent precise alignment with respect to the avoidance hole 711.

[0113] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest range of convergences with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the inner ring size of a locomotive axle box bearing, which is implemented by means of a locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection device; along the upstream and downstream directions, an ultrasonic cleaning device, an air knife cleaning device, a parallel difference detection device, an inner diameter detection device, a raceway detection device, and a shoulder inner diameter detection device are arranged in sequence, and are all carried by a machine platform; a workpiece handling unit is used to transfer the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing between different stations; a feeding roller conveyor is located upstream of the ultrasonic cleaning device to continuously supply it with the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to be detected; an NG material roller conveyor and an OK material roller conveyor are arranged at 90 degrees staggered with each other to respectively receive defective products and qualified products transferred from the shoulder inner diameter detection device; The locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection method comprises the following steps: S1. The inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is carried by the loading roller conveyor and transferred to the ultrasonic cleaning device by means of the workpiece handling unit; The ultrasonic cleaning device utilizes the cavitation, acceleration and straight-forward flow effects of ultrasonic waves in the cleaning liquid to decompose and remove dirt attached to the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing; S2, transferring the cleaned inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to the air knife cleaning device by means of the workpiece handling unit; The air knife cleaning device utilizes a strong high-speed airflow to remove water stains and dust attached to the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing; S3, transferring the cleaned inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the parallelism difference detection device by means of the workpiece transport unit; After the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive enters the position to be measured, the parallel difference detection device simultaneously blows multiple streams of high-pressure gas of equal value and flow rate toward its top wall, and the difference between the maximum air pressure value and the minimum air pressure value between different areas indirectly reflects the plane parallel difference; S4, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the inner diameter detection device by means of the workpiece handling unit, including sub-steps S41, S42, S43, and S44, which are used to respectively measure the inner diameter inclination variation, inner diameter ovality, inner diameter diameter, and inner diameter taper of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive; S41. During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the upper and lower points laser take a value every 30°, and after each value is taken, the laser distance measurement values ​​of the two points are subtracted and the absolute value is taken to obtain the change in the inclination of the inner diameter of a single surface after rotation; after one rotation is completed, all the changes in the inclination of the inner diameter of a single surface are integrated, and the difference between the maximum change and the minimum change is the change in the inclination of the inner diameter; S42. During one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the laser at a single point takes several values, and the coordinates of the corresponding number of points are calculated and fitted into a virtual circle. The maximum distance and the shortest distance between the virtual circle and the points involved in fitting the virtual circle are calculated, and the difference between the two is the inner diameter ellipticity. S43, during one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a single point laser takes several values, calculates the corresponding number of point coordinates and fits a virtual circle to obtain the diameter of the virtual circle, and corrects the compensation value to obtain the inner diameter; S44. During one rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, the laser takes one value at each of the upper and lower points at an interval of 30°, calculates the coordinates of the corresponding number of points, and fits the upper and lower circles. The diameter of the lower circle is subtracted from the diameter of the upper circle to obtain the inner diameter taper; S5, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the raceway detection device by means of the workpiece handling unit, so as to measure the raceway diameter of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive; During the rotation of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, a photo is projected after each rotation, and two opposite outer contours are taken as the hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 respectively. The hypotenuse straight line 1 and the hypotenuse straight line 2 are extended in the opposite direction until they intersect with the bottom contour to obtain the measurement calibration point 1 and the measurement calibration point 2. The distance between the measurement calibration point 1 and the measurement calibration point 2 is measured to obtain the raceway diameter; S6, transferring the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive to the shoulder inner diameter detection device by means of the workpiece handling unit, so as to measure the inner diameter major circle diameter of the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive; Take a picture of the bottom wall of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, perform image processing, and use the least squares method for data fitting to obtain the diameter of the large inner diameter circle; S7. The inner rings of locomotive axle box bearings that pass all the inspection indicators are transferred to the packaging station via the OK roller conveyor; while the inner rings of locomotive axle box bearings that fail one or more inspection indicators are transferred to the repair station via the NG roller conveyor for repair.

2. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The machine platform includes a chassis and a marble slab; the marble slab is used as the common installation base for the parallelism detection device, the inner diameter detection device, the raceway detection device, and the shoulder inner diameter detection device, and is supported by the chassis.

3. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The workpiece handling unit is composed of a first workpiece handling sub-unit, a second workpiece handling sub-unit, and a third workpiece handling sub-unit; the first workpiece handling sub-unit, the second workpiece handling sub-unit, and the third workpiece handling sub-unit are all borne by the machine platform, jointly enclose a "U shape", and cooperate to enable the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to flow between different workstations.

4. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first workpiece handling sub-unit, the second workpiece handling sub-unit, and the third workpiece handling sub-unit have the same design structure. Among them, the first workpiece handling sub-unit includes a first load-bearing beam, a first linear drive module, a first material picking mechanism, and a second material picking mechanism; the first load-bearing beam is detachably fixed to the machine platform to serve as the installation base for the first linear drive module; the first material picking mechanism and the second material picking mechanism are used to pick up, translate, and place the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing. They are arranged side by side and independently perform translational motion under the driving force from the first linear drive module.

5. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first material picking mechanism and the second material picking mechanism have the same design structure; the first material picking mechanism includes a second linear drive module, a mounting seat, and a first pneumatic three-jaw chuck; the second linear drive module is directly driven by the first linear drive module; the mounting seat performs displacement motion in the up and down direction when receiving the driving force from the second linear drive module; the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck is used to directly pick up and place the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and is mounted on the mounting seat.

6. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first material picking mechanism also includes a buffer assembly; the buffer assembly serves as a connection transition between the mounting seat and the second linear drive module; the buffer assembly includes a mounting transition plate, a first slide rail slider assembly, a limit seat and a columnar spring; the first slide rail slider assembly is composed of a first slide rail and a first slider; wherein, the two first slide rails both use the mounting transition plate as a mounting base and are parallel to each other; the first slider used in conjunction with the first slide rail uses the mounting seat as a mounting base; the limit seat and the mounting transition plate are assembled into one in a detachable manner; there are multiple columnar springs, all of which are connected between the limit seat and the mounting seat; when the first pneumatic three-jaw chuck performs a downward movement due to the driving force from the second linear drive module, at the moment when it touches the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing due to deviation in alignment, the mounting seat performs a directional sliding movement under the auxiliary action of the first slide rail slider assembly, and at the same time, the columnar spring undergoes adaptive elastic deformation due to compression.

7. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locomotive axle box bearing inner ring size detection equipment also includes a first temporary storage platform and a second temporary storage platform; the first temporary storage platform and the second temporary storage platform are both used to temporarily store the locomotive axle box bearing inner ring transferred from the previous workstation, wherein the first temporary storage platform is arranged downstream of the air knife cleaning device and upstream of the parallel difference detection device; and the second temporary storage platform is arranged downstream of the parallel difference detection device and upstream of the inner diameter detection device.

8. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic cleaning device includes a cleaning tank, an ultrasonic generator and a sinking mechanism; the sinking mechanism uses the cleaning tank as an installation base; the sinking mechanism is used to receive the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing transferred from the workpiece transport unit, and subsequently perform a sinking action until the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is immersed in the cleaning liquid stored in the cleaning tank.

9. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sinking mechanism includes a third linear drive module, a support plate and a limiting fixture; the third linear drive module is used to drive the support plate together with the limiting fixture to perform displacement movement along the up and down directions, so that the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing can be immersed in / out of the cleaning liquid; the limiting fixture is used to limit the planar displacement freedom of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it uses the support plate as the installation basis.

10. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 9, characterized in that: The limiting tooling is composed of a stabilizing ring and a limiting claw; a plurality of the limiting claws cooperate to limit the inner ring of the axle box bearing of the locomotive, are arranged in a radial array, and are stabilized together by the stabilizing ring.

11. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind knife cleaning device includes an inner annular wind knife blowing ring, an outer annular wind knife blowing ring, a first support seat and a power unit; the inner annular wind knife blowing ring and the outer annular wind knife blowing ring independently generate air curtains to blow the inner wall and the outer wall of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing respectively; the first support seat is used to support the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it performs cyclic displacement movement in the up and down directions due to the driving force from the power unit, and the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is swept by the air curtain.

12. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel difference detection device includes a first base, a pneumatic measuring instrument and a material dragging mechanism; the pneumatic measuring instrument uses the first base as an installation basis; the material dragging mechanism is used to match the pneumatic measuring instrument. When it is in action, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing moves sideways due to the lateral force until it stops at the testing station.

13. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 12, characterized in that: The material dragging mechanism includes a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, a second slide rail slider assembly and a fourth linear drive module; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are opposite to each other, and are respectively provided with a first clamping notch and a second clamping notch that are compatible with the outer shape of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are both driven by the fourth linear drive module, and with the assistance of the second slide rail slider assembly, they perform directionally displacement movement to approach / move away from the pneumatic measuring instrument.

14. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter detection device includes a second base, an air bearing, a vacuum suction cup, a laser displacement sensor and a power drive unit; the second base is used to support the air bearing, and the machine is used as an installation base; the vacuum suction cup is used to position and clamp the locomotive axle box bearing; under the auxiliary action of the air bearing, the vacuum suction cup performs circumferential rotation around its own central axis due to the rotational torque from the power drive unit; the number of the laser displacement sensors is 2, which are arranged in sequence along the up and down directions; when the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is positioned and clamped in place relative to the vacuum suction cup, the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is maintained in a high-speed circumferential rotation motion state, and the inner wall size parameters of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing can be collected by the laser displacement sensor.

15. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raceway detection device includes a second pneumatic three-jaw chuck, a torque motor, a first projection camera assembly and a second projection camera assembly; the torque motor is used to drive the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck, which uses the machine platform as an installation base; the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck is used to locate and clamp the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and it performs circumferential rotational motion around its own central axis due to the rotational torque from the torque motor; the first projection camera assembly and the second projection camera assembly are both used to project light toward the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing and to capture the outer contour projection image of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second pneumatic three-jaw chuck.

16. The method for detecting the inner ring size of axle box bearing of a locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shoulder inner diameter detection device includes a second support seat and a high-speed CCD camera assembly; the second support seat is used to support the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing, and has an avoidance hole on it that is conducive to the high-speed CCD camera assembly to perform photo operations.

17. The method for detecting the inner ring size of a locomotive axle box bearing according to claim 16, characterized in that: The shoulder inner diameter detection device also includes a position correction unit; the position correction unit is used to drag the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing to perform a plane displacement movement until its central axis coincides with the central axis of the avoidance hole; the position correction unit is composed of a first position correction subunit and a second position correction subunit; wherein, the first position correction subunit includes a first support plate and a first cylinder; the second position correction subunit includes a second support plate and a second cylinder; the first support plate and the second support plate are both provided with a first arc-shaped guide notch and a second arc-shaped guide notch that are adapted to the outer shape of the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing; the first cylinder and the second cylinder are both installed on the second support seat; when the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing is completely placed relative to the second support seat, the first support plate and the second support plate are respectively subjected to the driving force from the first cylinder and the second cylinder to perform relative movement, and the first arc-shaped guide notch and the second arc-shaped guide notch are able to approach and touch the inner ring of the locomotive axle box bearing.

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