A surface surfacing method and device for aluminum bronze alloy

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular, to a surface surfacing method and device for aluminum bronze alloy. The surfacing method comprises the following steps: using aluminum bronze welding wire as a cladding material, surfacing welding is performed on the surface of a workpiece; wherein the aluminum bronze welding wire comprises the following components by mass percentage: aluminum 7%-9%, manganese 10%-14%, nickel 1%-3%, iron 1%-4%, silicon 0.01%-0.1%, phosphorus 0.01%-0.03%, rare earth elements 0.01%-0.03%, and the remainder is copper; and / or, during the surfacing process, the flux used comprises trimethoxyborane. Adopting the method of the present invention for surfacing welding can efficiently remove Al2O3 film and oxidation inclusions, reduce the surface tension of the solder, and improve the welding spreadability and welding strength of aluminum bronze. The surfacing device comprises a flux generator, which can realize automatic addition of flux and has high production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to a surface surfacing method and device for an aluminum bronze alloy. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum bronze is widely used in the field of additive manufacturing due to its high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The material properties of aluminum bronze are used to deposit large areas of metal walls to improve the comprehensive performance of the base material. For example: cladding on the surface of ship propellers, cladding on the inner wall of nuclear power plant pipelines, cladding on the inner wall of hydraulic support cylinders for coal mines, etc.

[0003] However, due to the presence of high aluminum content, aluminum bronze easily generates dense and refractory Al2O3 film covering the surface of the molten pool during the cladding process, which is prone to defects such as inclusions, pores, poor wetting and spreading of solder, and low bonding strength, which seriously reduce welding efficiency and welding yield.

[0004] The Chinese patent with announcement number CN104384676B discloses a welding process for aluminum bronze and low alloy steel, which obtains a weld without slag inclusion, pores and good fusion with the parent material by preheating 250-300℃ before welding, surfacing transition layer, secondary preheating 150-200℃, secondary surfacing, etc. However, this method uses multiple preheating and multiple surfacing methods, which makes the welding process complicated and fails to effectively remove the interference of Al2O3 film on the molten pool.

[0005] The Chinese patent with the announcement number CN111730178B discloses a welding process for aluminum bronze, which involves covering the surface of the workpiece with flux, which contains triethylenetetramine, stannous octoate, zinc powder, organic acid, carrier, corrosion inhibitor, etc. When welding with a molten inert gas shielded welding, the amine substances in the flux interact with various metal ions to form complexes, thereby removing the Al2O3 film. However, this method has many types of flux and the process of pre-covering the workpiece surface with flux is cumbersome, which seriously affects the welding efficiency.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide a surface surfacing method for aluminum bronze alloy, by improving the composition of the aluminum bronze welding wire by adding microalloying elements such as Si, P and rare earth to the aluminum bronze welding wire; and / or, using trimethoxyborane as a flux for surfacing, which can significantly improve the spreadability, welding strength and welding efficiency of the aluminum bronze welding.

[0008] The second object of the present invention is to provide a surface surfacing welding device for aluminum bronze alloy, which is suitable for the surface surfacing welding method for aluminum bronze alloy as described above.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted:

[0010] A surface surfacing method for an aluminum bronze alloy comprises the following steps:

[0011] Using aluminum bronze welding wire as cladding material, cladding is performed on the surface of the workpiece substrate;

[0012] The aluminum bronze welding wire comprises the following components by mass percentage: aluminum 7%-9%, manganese 10%-14%, nickel 1%-3%, iron 1%-4%, silicon 0.01%-0.1%, phosphorus 0.01%-0.03%, rare earth elements 0.01%-0.03%, and the balance is copper;

[0013] And / or, in the cladding process, the flux used includes trimethoxyborane.

[0014] A surface cladding device for aluminum bronze alloy is suitable for the surface cladding method for aluminum bronze alloy as described above, comprising a CMT welding power source, an inert gas source, a flux generator, a wire feeder and a welding gun, wherein the inert gas delivery pipe on the inert gas source is connected to the output port of the flux generator and the input port of the mixed gas delivery pipe, and the output port of the mixed gas delivery pipe is connected to the welding nozzle on the welding gun.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The present invention uses a microalloying method to add microalloying elements Si, P and rare earth elements to the aluminum bronze alloy welding wire to improve the fluidity of the melt and the alloy strength; and / or, trimethoxyborane is used as a flux to enter the molten pool and the surface of the substrate to react chemically with Al2O3 or other oxides and volatilize at high temperature, thereby removing oxide inclusions, reducing the surface tension of the solder, improving the wettability and spreading, and improving the welding strength.

[0017] (2) The surface cladding device for aluminum bronze alloy provided by the present invention can atomize liquid trimethoxyborane into tiny granular flux, and enter the molten pool and the substrate surface through the welding nozzle under the drive of inert gas, so as to realize automatic addition of flux and controllable concentration, with a high degree of automation. The welding process can effectively remove Al2O3 film and oxide inclusions, thereby improving the welding spreadability and welding strength of aluminum bronze.

[0018] (3) The device and method of the present invention are used for surfacing welding, which does not require the mixing ratio of multiple fluxes or the spreading of flux on the surface of the workpiece, thereby greatly simplifying the welding steps and improving the work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a surface surfacing device for aluminum bronze alloy provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of weld width in Examples 1-2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1; wherein (a) is the weld width of Comparative Example 1, (b) is the weld width of Example 1, and (c) is the weld width of Example 2.

[0022] Reference numerals:

[0023] 1-CMT welding power source; 2-inert gas source; 21-inert gas delivery pipe; 3-flux generator; 31-mixed gas delivery pipe; 4-welding wire; 5-wire feed wheel; 6-welding nozzle; 7-mixed gas; 8-arc; 9-workpiece substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0025] A first aspect of the present invention provides a surface surfacing method for an aluminum bronze alloy, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Using aluminum bronze welding wire as cladding material, cladding is performed on the surface of the workpiece substrate;

[0027] The aluminum bronze welding wire used includes the following components by mass percentage: aluminum 7%-9%, manganese 10%-14%, nickel 1%-3%, iron 1%-4%, silicon 0.01%-0.1%, phosphorus 0.01%-0.03%, rare earth elements 0.01%-0.03%, and the balance is copper;

[0028] And / or, during the cladding process, the flux used includes trimethoxyborane.

[0029] The invention improves the formula components of the aluminum bronze welding wire and / or increases the flux to improve the wetting and spreading property of the solder and the welding strength, thereby overcoming the defects of poor wetting and spreading property of the solder and low bonding strength in the traditional aluminum bronze cladding process.

[0030] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned purpose is achieved by improving the formula composition of the aluminum bronze welding wire, that is, by microalloying experiments, P, Si and rare earth elements are added to the aluminum bronze alloy welding wire. As the temperature decreases, the solid solubility of P in copper decreases rapidly, and P can chemically react with oxygen in the melt to achieve the effect of deoxidation, while also improving the melt fluidity; a small amount of Si element is added, which will strongly expand the β phase region of the aluminum bronze structure and reduce the α phase region, thereby increasing the hardness of the aluminum bronze and improving the alloy strength; the addition of rare earth elements will significantly refine the aluminum bronze grains and structure, effectively improving the organizational density of the alloy material; the synergistic effect of the three can significantly improve the spreadability and welding strength of the weld.

[0031] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned purpose is achieved by adding flux, and trimethoxyborane is used as flux for surfacing. The boron element and methoxy group in trimethoxyborane have certain activity, and can react chemically with the oxides in the matrix and the molten pool to remove oxidized inclusions, reduce the surface tension of the solder, and promote the wetting and spreading of the aluminum bronze solder, so as to achieve the purpose of removing oxidized inclusions in the welding process, improving the wetting and spreading properties and welding strength. In addition, the flux used is a colorless and transparent liquid, which is converted into tiny particles after the action of the flux generator, which is convenient for automatic feeding. This welding method does not require the mixing ratio of multiple fluxes, multiple preheating and multiple surfacing passes, which can greatly simplify the welding steps and improve production efficiency.

[0032] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, P, Si and rare earth elements are added to the aluminum bronze welding wire to improve the welding wire composition, and trimethoxyborane is used as a flux for surfacing. The two improvement methods work synergistically to achieve better results, and the weld width is increased by about 47%, and the weld bonding strength is increased by about 13%.

[0033] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the surfacing method comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1. Cleaning the surface of the workpiece substrate to be processed;

[0035] S2. Aluminum bronze welding wire is used to weld on the surface of the workpiece substrate through cold metal transfer welding technology, pulse welding technology or MIG welding technology; during the welding process, the flux is atomized and sent into the molten pool under the drive of inert gas.

[0036] The flux used in the present invention can not only react with the Al2O3 film and other oxides to remove oxide inclusions, but also the flux is liquid, which is convenient for atomization into tiny particles and can be brought into the molten pool by inert gas, so that the flux can be automatically added, reducing the step of pre-coating the flux in the traditional cladding method and significantly improving the production efficiency.

[0037] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, cleaning the workpiece substrate includes washing, degreasing, derusting and drying the surface to be processed.

[0038] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the welding speed of the welding process is 5-15 mm / s, for example, it can be any point value among 5 mm / s, 8 mm / s, 10 mm / s, 12 mm / s, 15 mm / s or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0039] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the welding current of the welding process is 160-180A, and the welding voltage is 15-22V. Typically but not restrictively, for example, the welding current can be any point value among 160A, 165A, 170A, 175A, 180A, or a range value consisting of any two point values; the welding voltage can be any point value among 15V, 16V, 17V, 18V, 19V, 20V, 21V, 22V, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0040] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the wire feeding speed of the welding process is 8-12 m / min, for example, it can be any point value among 8 m / min, 9 m / min, 10 m / min, 11 m / min, 12 m / min, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0041] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, during the brazing process, the flow rate of the flux is 5-50 ml / min; and / or, the flow rate of the inert gas is 400-800 ml / min; typically but not limitatively, for example, the flow rate of the flux can be any value among 5 ml / min, 10 ml / min, 15 ml / min, 20 ml / min, 25 ml / min, 30 ml / min, 35 ml / min, 40 ml / min, 45 ml / min, 50 ml / min, or a range consisting of any two values; the flow rate of the inert gas can be any value among 400 ml / min, 500 ml / min, 600 ml / min, 700 ml / min, 800 ml / min, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0042] Too high or too low flux flow rate will affect the spreadability and strength of the weld. Specifically, the mixed gas contains inert gas and trimethoxyborane micro-granular flux. Among them, the inert gas has three functions: first, it effectively isolates the welding area from the outside air and controls the oxygen and water vapor in the air to oxidize the weld and the molten pool; second, it controls the welding temperature to reduce the risk of thermal deformation; third, it serves as an arc transmission medium to ensure stable arc combustion. The function of trimethoxyborane flux is to undergo redox reactions with the matrix, aluminum oxide and other oxides in the molten pool, reduce the interfacial tension of the solder, and improve the spreadability and welding strength. If the flux flow rate is too high and the proportion of argon gas is reduced, it will not be able to protect the molten pool well, reduce thermal deformation, and stabilize the arc; if the flow rate is too low, it will not be able to reduce the interfacial tension of the solder, improve the spreadability and welding strength. Therefore, the flow rate of flux and inert gas needs to be reasonably controlled.

[0043] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the inert gas includes argon and / or helium.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the rare earth element used includes at least one of La, Ce, Gd, Nd, and Sm.

[0045] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the aluminum bronze welding wire used is 1-2 mm, for example, it can be any point value among 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides a surface surfacing device for aluminum bronze alloy, which is suitable for the surface surfacing method for aluminum bronze alloy described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments, comprising a CMT welding power source 1, an inert gas source 2, a flux generator 3, a wire feeder and a welding gun, the inert gas delivery pipe 21 on the inert gas source 2 is connected to the output port of the flux generator 3 and the input port of the mixed gas delivery pipe 31, and the output port of the mixed gas delivery pipe 31 is connected to the welding nozzle 6 on the welding gun.

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the inert gas source 2 includes a gas storage tank storing inert gas and an inert gas delivery pipe 21 connected to the gas storage tank.

[0048] The process of surfacing welding using the above device is as follows: the welding wire 4 is placed in the wire feeder 5 of the wire feeder in advance, the CMT welding power supply 1 is turned on, the welding mode is selected and the welding current and welding voltage are set, the flux generator 3 is turned on, and the liquid trimethoxyborane flux is converted into tiny granular flux through the atomization device of the flux generator 3, and the welding program is run at this time. The inert gas passes through the flux generator, and the tiny granular flux is mixed with the inert gas to form a mixed gas 7, and enters the welding nozzle 6 through the mixed gas delivery pipe 31. Under the action of the two electrodes of the CMT welding power supply 1, the welding wire 4 and the workpiece substrate 9 discharge in the gas medium to form an arc 8. As the welding process proceeds, the mixed gas 7 formed by the granular trimethoxyborane flux and the inert gas enters the welding arc 8 and the surface of the workpiece substrate 9, and reacts chemically with Al2O3 or other oxides generated during the welding process, thereby achieving the effect of removing oxide inclusions, reducing the interfacial tension of the solder, improving the wettability and spreading of the solder, and improving the bonding strength of the weld.

[0049] The device can atomize liquid trimethoxyborane into tiny granular flux, and enter the molten pool and the substrate surface through the welding nozzle driven by inert gas. It can realize automatic addition of flux with controllable concentration and high degree of automation. There is no need to pre-coat flux on the workpiece surface, which significantly improves production efficiency.

[0050] The following is a detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with specific application examples. The raw materials used in the examples can be purchased from the market unless otherwise specified.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The aluminum bronze welding wire includes the following components by mass percentage: Al 8.0%, Mn 13.0%, Ni 2.0%, Fe3.0%, Si 0.01%, P 0.02%, Sm 0.02% and Ce 0.01%, and Cu balance.

[0053] Preparation of aluminum bronze welding wire: Cu, Fe, Ni, Si, P and rare earth elements are smelted once to produce molten metal, Al and Mn are added for secondary smelting to obtain molten metal, and aluminum bronze welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained through casting, rolling, drawing, annealing, peeling and other processes.

[0054] The aluminum bronze welding wire is welded on the surface of low carbon steel, including the following steps:

[0055] S1. Clean the inner surface of the low carbon steel, remove oil, rust and dry it;

[0056] S2. The 1.2 mm aluminum bronze wire prepared in this embodiment is placed in the wire feeder wheel of the wire feeder, the CMT welding power supply is turned on, the welding mode adopts the CMT mode, the welding parameters and welding program are set, and the welding program is run;

[0057] During the welding process, the welding current was 170A, the welding voltage was 20V, the wire feeding speed was 10m / min, the argon gas flow rate was 600ml / min, and the welding speed was 10mm / s.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The aluminum bronze welding wire used in Example 2 is the same as that used in Example 1, except that trimethoxyborane is used as a flux during the surfacing process. The specific surfacing process includes the following steps:

[0060] S1. Clean the inner surface of the low carbon steel, remove oil, rust and dry it;

[0061] S2. Place 1.2mm aluminum bronze welding wire in the wire feeder wheel, turn on the CMT welding power supply, adopt the CMT mode, set the welding parameters and welding program, turn on the flux generator switch, run the welding program, and the tiny granular trimethoxyborane flux enters the molten pool through the welding nozzle under the drive of argon gas;

[0062] During the welding process, the welding current was 170A, the welding voltage was 20V, the wire feeding speed was 10m / min, the argon flow rate was 600ml / min, the flux flow rate was 30ml / min, and the welding speed was 10mm / s.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The only difference between Example 3 and Example 2 is that the aluminum bronze welding wire used is different, and the rest of the surfacing process is the same as that of Example 2.

[0065] The aluminum bronze welding wire in this embodiment includes the following components by mass percentage: Al 8.0%, Mn 13.0%, Ni 2.0%, Fe 3.0%, and Cu balance.

[0066] The preparation method of the aluminum bronze welding wire in this embodiment is different from that in Embodiment 1 only in that Si, P and rare earth elements are not added during the first smelting, and the rest of the smelting and welding wire processing processes are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] The difference between Example 4 and Example 2 is that the flux flow rate is 5 ml / min, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 2.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] The difference between Example 5 and Example 2 is that the flux flow rate is 50 ml / min, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 2.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] The aluminum bronze welding wire comprises the following components by mass percentage: Al 8.0%, Mn 13.0%, Ni 2.0%, Fe 3.0%, and Cu balance; the preparation process of the aluminum bronze welding wire is the same as that of Example 3.

[0073] No flux is used in the surfacing process of the aluminum bronze welding wire on the surface of the low carbon steel, and the specific surfacing process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0074] Test example

[0075] The weld width and weld bonding strength after welding in each embodiment and comparative example were tested respectively, wherein the test method of weld bonding strength was tested with reference to ISO 4386-2:2012 "Destructive test of bonding of bearing metal layer with thickness greater than or equal to 2 mm".

[0076] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079] From Table 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen from the data in that the weld width and weld bonding strength of the surfacing method of the present invention are significantly improved compared with the comparative example. It can be seen from the data in Examples 1-5 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1 that only improving the composition of the aluminum bronze welding wire (Example 1) or only adding trimethoxyborane flux (Example 3) can improve the wettability and spreadability of the solder and the weld bonding strength. The use of micro-alloyed improved aluminum bronze welding wire and trimethoxyborane as flux (Examples 2, 4, and 5) has a more significant effect on improving the wettability and spreadability and weld bonding strength. Among them, compared with the comparative example, the weld width of Example 2 is increased by about 47%, and the weld bonding strength is increased by about 13%.

[0080] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, this means that all such replacements and modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A surface surfacing method for aluminum bronze alloy, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using aluminum bronze welding wire as cladding material, cladding is performed on the surface of the workpiece substrate; S1. Cleaning the surface of the workpiece substrate to be processed; S2. The aluminum bronze welding wire is welded on the surface of the workpiece substrate by cold metal transition welding technology, pulse welding technology or MIG welding technology; during the welding process, the flux is atomized and the flux is fed into the molten pool under the drive of an inert gas; In the welding process, the flux used is trimethoxyborane; The flow rate of the flux is 5-50 ml / min; the flow rate of the inert gas is 400-800 ml / min; The aluminum bronze welding wire comprises the following components by mass percentage: aluminum 7%-9%, manganese 10%-14%, nickel 1%-3%, iron 1%-4%, silicon 0.01%-0.1%, phosphorus 0.01%-0.03%, rare earth elements 0.01%-0.03%, and the balance is copper.

2. The surface surfacing method of aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding speed of the welding process is 5-15 mm / s.

3. The surface surfacing method of aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding current of the welding process is 160-180A, and the welding voltage is 15-22V.

4. The surface surfacing method of aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the welding process, the wire feeding speed is 8-12 m / min.

5. The surface surfacing method of aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert gas includes argon and / or helium.

6. The surface surfacing method of aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth element includes at least one of La, Ce, Gd, Nd, and Sm.

7. The surface surfacing method of aluminum bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the aluminum bronze welding wire is 1-2 mm.

8. A surface surfacing device for aluminum bronze alloy, characterized in that: A surface cladding method for an aluminum bronze alloy applicable to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a CMT welding power source, an inert gas source, a flux generator, a wire feeder and a welding gun, wherein the inert gas delivery pipe on the inert gas source is connected to the output port of the flux generator and the input port of the mixed gas delivery pipe, and the output port of the mixed gas delivery pipe is connected to the welding nozzle on the welding gun.

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