A pile driving device for pile foundation construction

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of pile foundation construction, and discloses a pile driving device for pile foundation construction, comprising a support frame, a top outer wall of the support frame is fixedly connected to a first motor, a bottom of the support frame is rotatably connected to a universal wheel via a rotating shaft, an inner wall of the support frame on one side close to the universal wheel is fixedly connected to a first connecting block, an output end of the first motor passes through the support frame and is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, when a pile driving operation is performed, a connecting rod is rotated by a second motor, thereby moving the first sliding block to the bottom of a second hydraulic rod, the sliding frame is made to slide downward by the first motor, and a third motor drills a hole in the soil by a drill rod, so that when a hole is drilled in a harder soil layer, the drill rod can also be rotated into a deeper underground, and after drilling the hole, the connecting rod is rotated and reset by the second motor, thereby facilitating the placement of the pile, thereby improving work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation construction, in particular to a pile driving device for pile foundation construction. Background Art

[0002] Pile foundation construction refers to the construction process of the building foundation. The pile foundation consists of piles and pile caps. Pile foundation construction methods include: hammering method, vibration method, pressure method and water jet method. If a ground building is to be built on the ground, the ground must bear a lot of pressure, so it is necessary to ensure that the ground has enough strength to resist the pressure. This is often difficult to do, so the ground that bears the building must be reinforced or the ground's bearing method must be improved. Therefore, it is thought of driving piles on the foundation, so that most of the weight of the building is transmitted to a position deep below the ground through the piles, because the foundation at this position has much greater bearing capacity than the ground.

[0003] The patent application with application number CN202222798900.8 discloses a foundation pit piling equipment, including a base body, one side of the upper surface of the base body is fixedly connected to an L-plate, and the other side of the upper surface of the base body is fixedly connected to a support plate.

[0004] In summary, when performing pile driving operations, since the device relies on the weight of the pitot and the drill bit to perform drilling operations downwards, when drilling operations are performed on harder soil layers, the drilling depth of the device is limited, and after drilling the holes, the device needs to be removed before the piles can be placed, thereby reducing work efficiency.

[0005] To this end, we propose a piling equipment for pile foundation construction. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a pile driving device for pile foundation construction, comprising a support frame, a first motor is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the support frame, a universal wheel is rotatably connected to the bottom of the support frame through a rotating shaft, a first connecting block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner wall of the support frame close to the universal wheel, an output end of the first motor passes through the support frame and is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, an end of the rotating shaft away from the first motor is rotatably connected to the first connecting block, a sliding frame is slidably connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the number of the first motors is two, and the two first motors are symmetrically arranged with the sliding frame as the center, a second motor is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame, and a first hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame, and further comprising:

[0007] The auxiliary device includes a second sliding block fixedly connected to the first hydraulic rod, a third connecting block fixedly connected to the side of the second sliding block away from the first hydraulic rod, a force-bearing block is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding block, the number of the force-bearing blocks is two, the two force-bearing blocks are symmetrically arranged with the support frame as the center, and the outer wall of the two force-bearing blocks on one side close to the first hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the same limiting rod.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, a connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the force-bearing block, and an end of the connecting shaft away from the force-bearing block is slidably connected to the third connecting block. A spring is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the connecting shaft, and the bottom of the spring is fixedly connected to the force-bearing block, and an end of the spring away from the force-bearing block is fixedly connected to the third connecting block. The spring plays a role of resetting and shock absorbing for the force-bearing block.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the top of the force-bearing block is rotatably connected to a rotating rod via a rotating shaft, the inner wall of the rotating rod at one end away from the force-bearing block is rotatably connected to an arc rod via a rotating shaft, the end of the arc rod away from the rotating rod is rotatably connected to a supporting foot, the inner wall of the arc rod is slidably connected to the second sliding block, and when the force-bearing block rises, the supporting foot descends under the action of the arc rod.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, there are two supporting feet, and the two supporting feet are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the second sliding block as the center. The top of the supporting foot is fixedly connected with an elastic component, and the side of the elastic component away from the supporting foot is fixedly connected to the arc rod. The elastic component is used to adjust the contact angle between the supporting foot and the ground, so as to facilitate the supporting foot to better contact with the ground.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the output end of the second motor passes through the support frame and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod, the end of the connecting rod away from the second motor is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft, the outer surface of the fixed shaft is movably sleeved with a first sliding block, the outer wall of the end of the fixed shaft away from the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a second connecting block, the inner wall of the second connecting block is fixedly connected to a scraper, and the scraper cleans the soil on the outer surface of the drill rod.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the inner wall of the first sliding block is fixedly connected to the third motor, the output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to the drill rod, and the end of the first sliding block away from the drill rod is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped spring plate, the number of the arc-shaped spring plates is two, and the two arc-shaped spring plates are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the third motor as the center, and the arc-shaped spring plate is slidably connected to the through hole.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the inner wall of the sliding frame is fixedly connected to the second hydraulic rod, the top outer wall of the sliding frame is fixedly connected to the connecting frame, the inner part of the connecting frame away from the sliding frame is fixedly connected to the second hydraulic rod, and the outer wall of the sliding frame is provided with a through hole, the number of the through holes is two, and the two through holes are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the sliding frame as the center, and the through hole is used to limit the first sliding block.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, a fixed block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding frame on one side away from the hydraulic rod, and the number of the fixed blocks is two. The two fixed blocks are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the sliding frame as the center, and the inner wall of the fixed block is slidably connected to the rotating shaft. The outer walls of the two fixed blocks on one side away from the second hydraulic rod are fixedly connected to the same clamping rod, and the fixed blocks clean the soil on the outer surface of the rotating shaft.

[0015] The present invention provides a pile driving device for pile foundation construction, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The present invention provides a pile driving device for pile foundation construction. When the pile driving operation is performed, the second motor is used to rotate the connecting rod, thereby moving the first sliding block to the bottom of the second hydraulic rod, and the first motor is used to make the sliding frame slide downward. The third motor uses the drill rod to drill holes in the soil. Therefore, when drilling holes in a harder soil layer, the drill rod can also be moved deeper underground. After the hole is drilled, the second motor is used to rotate and reset the connecting rod, thereby facilitating the placement of the pile and improving work efficiency.

[0017] (2) The present invention is provided with a sliding frame and a second hydraulic rod. When drilling, the sliding frame is used to make the first sliding block slide downward, and the fixed axis is used to make the sliding of the first sliding block more stable and the positioning more accurate. When the pile needs to be placed underground, the outer wall of the pile is clamped by the clamping rod at the bottom of the sliding frame, and the pile is driven downward by the sliding frame. The pile can be driven downward by the second hydraulic rod.

[0018] (3) The present invention is provided with an arc-shaped spring plate and a through hole. When the second motor drives the connecting rod to rotate, the arc-shaped spring plate contacts the inner wall of the through hole, thereby facilitating the connection between the first sliding block and the sliding frame. Therefore, when the sliding frame moves up and down, the first sliding block moves along with the sliding frame.

[0019] (4) The present invention is provided with an auxiliary device. When piling operation is required, the second sliding block is pushed downward by the first hydraulic rod, and the force-bearing block contacts the ground, so that the supporting foot is flipped by the arc rod, thereby increasing the contact area between the bottom of the supporting frame and the ground, thereby improving the stability of the device when drilling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first motor and the first hydraulic rod of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the support frame structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the second motor structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle part;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding frame of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the supporting foot and the load-bearing block structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. support frame; 101. first hydraulic rod; 102. universal wheel; 103. first connecting block; 104. first motor; 105. rotating shaft; 106. second motor; 1061. connecting rod; 1062. fixed shaft; 1063. first sliding block; 1064. arc spring plate; 1065. second connecting block; 1066. scraper; 107. third motor; 1071. drill rod; 2. auxiliary device; 201. limit rod; 2011. second sliding block; 202. third connecting block; 203. force block; 204. rotating rod; 205. arc rod; 206. supporting foot; 207. connecting shaft; 208. spring; 209. elastic component; 3. sliding frame; 301. through hole; 302. fixed block; 303. clamping rod; 304. connecting frame; 305. second hydraulic rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: See Figure 1-Figure 4The present invention provides a technical solution: a pile driving device for pile foundation construction, including a support frame 1, a first motor 104 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the support frame 1, a universal wheel 102 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the support frame 1 through a rotating shaft, the number of the universal wheels 102 is four, and the four universal wheels 102 are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the support frame 1, and the universal wheels 102 facilitate the overall movement of the support frame 1, and a first connecting block 103 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner wall of the support frame 1 close to the universal wheel 102, and the output end of the first motor 104 runs through the support frame 1, and A rotating shaft 105 is fixedly connected, and one end of the rotating shaft 105 away from the first motor 104 is rotatably connected to the first connecting block 103. The outer wall of the rotating shaft 105 is slidably connected to the sliding frame 3. The number of the first motors 104 is two, and the two first motors 104 are symmetrically arranged around the sliding frame 3. The top of the support frame 1 is fixedly connected to the second motor 106. The inner wall of the support frame 1 is fixedly connected to the first hydraulic rod 101. The number of the first hydraulic rod 101 is two, and the two first hydraulic rods 101 are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the support frame 1. It also includes:

[0031] The auxiliary device 2 includes a second sliding block 2011 fixedly connected to the first hydraulic rod 101, a third connecting block 202 is fixedly connected to the side of the second sliding block 2011 away from the first hydraulic rod 101, a force block 203 is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding block 2011, there are two third connecting blocks 202, the two third connecting blocks 202 are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the force block 203, there are two force blocks 203, the two force blocks 203 are symmetrically arranged around the support frame 1, and the outer wall of the two force blocks 203 on one side close to the first hydraulic rod 101 is fixedly connected to the same limiting rod 201.

[0032] The output end of the second motor 106 passes through the support frame 1 and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod 1061. The end of the connecting rod 1061 away from the second motor 106 is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft 1062. The fixed shaft 1062 assists the first sliding block 1063 in sliding up and down. The outer surface of the fixed shaft 1062 is movably sleeved with the first sliding block 1063. The outer wall of the end of the fixed shaft 1062 away from the connecting rod 1061 is fixedly connected to a second connecting block 1065. The inner wall of the second connecting block 1065 is fixedly connected to a scraper 1066. The scraper 1066 cleans the soil on the outer surface of the drill rod 1071.

[0033] The inner wall of the first sliding block 1063 is fixedly connected to the third motor 107, the output end of the third motor 107 is fixedly connected to the drill rod 1071, the end of the first sliding block 1063 away from the drill rod 1071 is fixedly connected to the arc spring plate 1064, the arc spring plate 1064 is slidably connected to the through hole 301, the number of the arc spring plates 1064 is two, and the two arc spring plates 1064 are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the third motor 107 as the center. During operation, the connecting rod 1061 is rotated by the second motor 106, thereby moving the first sliding block 1063 to the bottom of the second hydraulic rod 305, and the sliding frame 3 is slid downward by the first motor 104. The third motor 107 drills holes in the soil through the drill rod 1071, so that when drilling holes in a harder soil layer, the drill rod 1071 can also be moved deeper underground, and after drilling the holes, the connecting rod 1061 is rotated and reset by the second motor 106, thereby facilitating the placement of the piles and improving work efficiency.

[0034] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: when piling operation is required, the connecting rod 1061 is rotated by the second motor 106, so that the arc spring plate 1064 contacts the through hole 301. After the bottom of the sliding frame 3 contacts the first sliding block 1063, the first motor 104 moves the sliding frame 3 downward through the rotating shaft 105, thereby pushing the drill rod 1071 downward through the sliding frame 3. The drill rod 1071 drills the soil under the action of the third motor 107, thereby facilitating the subsequent placement of piles.

[0035] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 5-Figure 6 On the basis of the first embodiment, the present invention provides a technical solution: the inner wall of the sliding frame 3 is fixedly connected with the second hydraulic rod 305, the top outer wall of the sliding frame 3 is fixedly connected with the connecting frame 304, the connecting frame 304 supports the top of the second hydraulic rod 305, the connecting frame 304 is fixedly connected with the second hydraulic rod 305 on the inner side away from the sliding frame 3, the outer wall of the sliding frame 3 is provided with a through hole 301, the through hole 301 is used to limit the first sliding block 1063, the number of the through holes 301 is two, two The through hole 301 is symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the sliding frame 3 as the center, and the outer wall of the through hole 301 is provided with an arc chamfer to facilitate the sliding in of the arc spring plate 1064. The present invention is provided with an arc spring plate 1064 and a through hole 301. When the second motor 106 drives the connecting rod 1061 to rotate, the arc spring plate 1064 contacts the inner wall of the through hole 301, thereby facilitating the connection between the first sliding block 1063 and the sliding frame 3, so that when the sliding frame 3 moves up and down, the first sliding block 1063 moves with the sliding frame 3.

[0036] The outer wall of the sliding frame 3 away from the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected with a fixed block 302, and the fixed block 302 cleans the soil on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 105. There are two fixed blocks 302, and the two fixed blocks 302 are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the sliding frame 3 as the center. The inner wall of the fixed block 302 is slidably connected to the rotating shaft 105. The outer wall of the two fixed blocks 302 away from the second hydraulic rod 305 is fixedly connected with the same clamping rod 303. The two ends of the clamping rod 303 have a certain elasticity, so that the pile can be adjusted. The outer surface is auxiliary clamped. The present invention is provided with a sliding frame 3 and a second hydraulic rod 305. When drilling, the first sliding block 1063 is slid downward by the sliding frame 3, and the sliding of the first sliding block 1063 is made more stable and the positioning is more accurate by the fixed shaft 1062. When the pile needs to be put into the ground, the outer wall of the pile is clamped by the clamping rod 303 at the bottom of the sliding frame 3, and the pile is driven downward by the sliding frame 3. The pile can be driven into the deeper ground by the second hydraulic rod 305.

[0037] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: when the pile needs to be placed underground, the bottom of the pile is auxiliary clamped by the clamping rod 303, and the sliding frame 3 slides downward to place the pile underground. The second hydraulic rod 305 pushes the top of the pile to facilitate the pile to detach from the inner wall of the clamping rod 303, and the pile can be pushed deeper underground, thereby increasing the depth of the pile placement.

[0038] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 7-Figure 8 On the basis of the first and second embodiments, the present invention provides a technical solution: a connecting shaft 207 is fixedly connected to the top of the force-bearing block 203, and one end of the connecting shaft 207 away from the force-bearing block 203 is slidably connected to the third connecting block 202. A spring 208 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the connecting shaft 207, and the spring 208 plays a role in resetting and shock absorbing the force-bearing block 203. The bottom of the spring 208 is fixedly connected to the force-bearing block 203, and one end of the spring 208 away from the force-bearing block 203 is fixedly connected to the third connecting block 202.

[0039] The top of the force-bearing block 203 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 204 via a rotating shaft, and the inner wall of the rotating rod 204 at one end away from the force-bearing block 203 is rotatably connected to an arc rod 205 via a rotating shaft, and the end of the arc rod 205 away from the rotating rod 204 is rotatably connected to a supporting foot 206. When the force-bearing block 203 rises, the supporting foot 206 descends under the action of the arc rod 205, and the inner wall of the arc rod 205 is slidably connected to the second sliding block 2011.

[0040] There are two supporting legs 206, and the two supporting legs 206 are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the second sliding block 2011 as the center. The top of the supporting leg 206 is fixedly connected with an elastic component 209, and the elastic component 209 is used to adjust the contact angle between the supporting leg 206 and the ground, so that the supporting leg 206 can better contact the ground. The side of the elastic component 209 away from the supporting leg 206 is fixedly connected to the arc rod 205. The present invention is provided with an auxiliary device 2. When piling operation is required, the second sliding block 2011 is pushed downward by the first hydraulic rod 101, and contacts the ground through the force block 203, so that the supporting leg 206 is flipped through the arc rod 205, thereby increasing the contact area between the bottom of the support frame 1 and the ground, thereby improving the stability of the device when drilling.

[0041] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: before the piling operation is carried out, the second sliding block 2011 is pushed downward by the first hydraulic rod 101. When the force block 203 contacts the ground, the force block 203 rotates the arc rod 205 through the rotating rod 204, thereby pushing the supporting foot 206 outward through the arc rod 205. Under the action of the elastic component 209, the supporting foot 206 has a certain angle with the ground. As the arc rod 205 is continuously pressed downward, the supporting foot 206 plays a certain supporting role on the ground, thereby increasing the contact area between the bottom of the support frame 1 and the ground, and improving the stability of the device during operation.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pile driving device for pile foundation construction, comprising a support frame (1), wherein a first motor (104) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top of the support frame (1), a universal wheel (102) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the support frame (1) via a rotating shaft, a first connecting block (103) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner wall of the support frame (1) on the side close to the universal wheel (102), an output end of the first motor (104) passes through the support frame (1) and is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (105), an end of the rotating shaft (105) away from the first motor (104) is rotatably connected to the first connecting block (103), an outer wall of the rotating shaft (105) is slidably connected to a sliding frame (3), the number of the first motors (104) is two, and the two first motors (104) are symmetrically arranged with the sliding frame (3) as the center, a second motor (106) is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame (1), and a first hydraulic rod (101) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support frame (1), characterized in that: Also includes: The auxiliary device (2) comprises a second sliding block (2011) fixedly connected to the first hydraulic rod (101); a third connecting block (202) is fixedly connected to a side of the second sliding block (2011) away from the first hydraulic rod (101); a force-bearing block (203) is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding block (2011); the number of the force-bearing blocks (203) is two, the two force-bearing blocks (203) are symmetrically arranged with the support frame (1) as the center, and the outer walls of the two force-bearing blocks (203) on a side close to the first hydraulic rod (101) are fixedly connected to the same limiting rod (201); The inner wall of the sliding frame (3) is fixedly connected to a second hydraulic rod (305), the top outer wall of the sliding frame (3) is fixedly connected to a connecting frame (304), the inner part of the connecting frame (304) away from the sliding frame (3) is fixedly connected to the second hydraulic rod (305), and the outer wall of the sliding frame (3) is provided with a through hole (301), the number of the through holes (301) is two, and the two through holes (301) are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the sliding frame (3) as the center; A fixed block (302) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of a side of the sliding frame (3) away from the second hydraulic rod (305), the number of the fixed blocks (302) is two, the two fixed blocks (302) are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the sliding frame (3), the inner wall of the fixed block (302) is slidably connected to the rotating shaft (105), and the outer walls of the two fixed blocks (302) on a side away from the second hydraulic rod (305) are fixedly connected to the same clamping rod (303).

2. A pile driving device for pile foundation construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the force-bearing block (203) is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft (207), one end of the connecting shaft (207) away from the force-bearing block (203) is slidably connected to the third connecting block (202), the outer surface of the connecting shaft (207) is movably sleeved with a spring (208), the bottom of the spring (208) is fixedly connected to the force-bearing block (203), and one end of the spring (208) away from the force-bearing block (203) is fixedly connected to the third connecting block (202).

3. A pile driving device for pile foundation construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the force-bearing block (203) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (204) via a rotating shaft; the inner wall of one end of the rotating rod (204) away from the force-bearing block (203) is rotatably connected to an arc-shaped rod (205) via a rotating shaft; one end of the arc-shaped rod (205) away from the rotating rod (204) is rotatably connected to a supporting foot (206); and the inner wall of the arc-shaped rod (205) is slidably connected to a second sliding block (211).

4. A pile driving device for pile foundation construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the supporting feet (206) is two, and the two supporting feet (206) are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the second sliding block (2011) as the center, and the top of the supporting foot (206) is fixedly connected to an elastic component (209), and the side of the elastic component (209) away from the supporting foot (206) is fixedly connected to the arc rod (205).

5. The pile driving equipment for pile foundation construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the second motor (106) passes through the support frame (1) and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (1061); one end of the connecting rod (1061) away from the second motor (106) is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft (1062); a first sliding block (1063) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the fixed shaft (1062); a second connecting block (1065) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the fixed shaft (1062) away from the connecting rod (1061); and a scraper (1066) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second connecting block (1065).

6. A pile driving device for pile foundation construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the first sliding block (1063) is fixedly connected to a third motor (107), the output end of the third motor (107) is fixedly connected to a drill rod (1071), and one end of the first sliding block (1063) away from the drill rod (1071) is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped spring plate (1064), the number of the arc-shaped spring plates (1064) is two, and the two arc-shaped spring plates (1064) are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the third motor (107) as the center.

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