An experimental device and method for the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves

Abstract

The present invention discloses an experimental device and method for the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, which relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave analysis, and includes a vacuum box, in which a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, a laser measurement system, a vacuum and gas injection system, and a data acquisition and analysis system are arranged, wherein electrical signals between the systems are connected. The present invention measures the dual influence of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves, as well as the influence of charged sand particles alone on electromagnetic waves, by precisely controlling the experimental conditions. The precise control and real-time monitoring capabilities greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, and provide strong support for in-depth research on the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. At the same time, the experimental device also has the advantages of simple and easy operation, wide application range, and strong data processing and analysis capabilities, and has significant technical advantages and practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave analysis, and in particular to an experimental device and method for analyzing the influence of charged particles in a Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of the growing development of modern science and technology, electromagnetic waves, as an important carrier of information transmission and energy exchange, are widely used in various fields such as communications, radar, satellite navigation, aerospace, medical diagnosis and daily life. However, with the increasing complexity of the natural environment and human activities, electromagnetic waves are increasingly encountering more and more interference factors during their propagation. Among them, the impact of charged sand particles and their discharge on the propagation of electromagnetic waves is particularly significant, becoming a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] The impact of the Martian electric field on measuring instruments is multifaceted and cannot be ignored. The electric field environment of Mars is complex and changeable, including multiple components such as electrostatic fields and induction electric fields. These electric fields will interact with the electronic components and sensors inside the measuring instruments. First, the Martian electric field may cause static electricity accumulation inside the measuring instrument, which in turn affects the accuracy and stability of the instrument. Static electricity accumulation may cause charge leakage or discharge, causing interference to the instrument's circuit, resulting in deviations in the measurement results or increased noise. Secondly, the Martian electric field may also affect the sensors of the measuring instruments. The sensitivity and working principle of the sensors often depend on changes in the electric or magnetic fields, and the Martian electric field environment will change the distribution of these physical fields, thereby affecting the output signals of the sensors. This influence may cause distortion or increase uncertainty in the measurement results. In addition, the Martian electric field may also generate additional electromagnetic interference inside the measuring instrument through the induction effect. These interference signals may mask or distort the measured signals, reducing the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results. In order to reduce this influence, the measuring instrument needs to have good electromagnetic shielding and filtering capabilities to isolate the interference of external electric fields.

[0004] Traditional electromagnetic wave propagation models are mostly based on idealized assumptions, such as uniform media and no interference sources. However, these assumptions are often difficult to hold true in actual environments. For non-uniform and dynamically changing interference sources such as charged sand particles and their discharge phenomena in the Martian environment, traditional models often cannot accurately describe their impact on electromagnetic wave propagation. In addition, when studying the impact of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves, traditional experimental methods are difficult to accurately control the concentration of sand and dust, resulting in limited stability and repeatability of experimental results, which limits the progress in in-depth understanding of the electromagnetic wave attenuation mechanism. Therefore, the present invention aims to propose an experimental device for the impact of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, and to explore the impact of charged sand particles and their discharge phenomena in the Martian environment on electromagnetic wave propagation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for studying the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] In the first aspect, an experimental device for the effect of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves comprises a vacuum box, in which a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, a laser measurement system, a vacuum and gas injection system, and a data acquisition and analysis system are arranged, wherein electrical signals between the systems are connected;

[0008] The sand electrification system includes a pair of parallel plates, wherein the lower plate is grounded, and the upper plate is connected to the circuit through an adjustable power supply for applying voltage; the sand electrification system includes two plate processing modes, namely, a non-insulated plate and an insulated plate. Under the non-insulated plate configuration, a discharge phenomenon occurs when the charged sand touches the upper plate, allowing the dual effects of discharge and charged sand on electromagnetic waves to be measured simultaneously; under the insulated plate configuration, the discharge phenomenon is weakened by covering with insulating materials, and the effect of the charged sand on electromagnetic waves is mainly measured to eliminate the interference of the discharge effect;

[0009] The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system includes an electromagnetic wave transmitter disposed on one side of the plate of the sand electrification system and a receiver located on the other side. By comparing the electromagnetic wave attenuation with or without sand and under different plate processing conditions, the signal attenuation is quantitatively measured and the influencing mechanism is analyzed. The transmitter uses a function generator to generate a sine wave and converts the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave through an antenna. The receiver is located on the other side and is used to receive the electromagnetic wave passing through the sand area and record the signal strength.

[0010] The laser measurement system includes a laser (such as a 630nm wavelength laser pen), a laser power meter, an acrylic box, a high-power fan and an electronic scale. The laser beam is used to pass through the sand area, and the relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of the sand is established by measuring the attenuation of the laser, and the mass concentration of the sand is calibrated to achieve non-contact, high-precision and strong real-time monitoring of the mass concentration of the sand, providing a basis for inferring the mass concentration of the sand by the laser attenuation in actual measurement.

[0011] The vacuum and gas injection system includes a vacuum machine and a carbon dioxide injector, which are used to transform the environment in the vacuum box into an environment identical to the Martian atmosphere, simulating experiments under Martian environmental conditions, thereby improving the reliability of the experimental results and increasing the practical significance and application value of the experiments;

[0012] The data acquisition and analysis system includes an adjustable power supply, a function generator, a spectrum analyzer, and data processing software (such as a Python post-processing program), which collects electromagnetic wave and laser measurement data in real time, reads signal intensity data in the measurement data in batches through Python tools and converts it into attenuation output, performs data analysis and model building, provides powerful data processing and analysis capabilities, and provides strong support for theoretical research and engineering applications.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the sand electrification system, the process of using electric field force to charge sand and make it jump is as follows:

[0014] The plates of the sand electrification system are configured, and the sand electrification system is configured by using two plate processing methods: non-insulated plates and insulated plates;

[0015] The voltage is applied to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply to form an electric field. The charge of the sand is obtained by analyzing the voltage applied between the plates and the equivalent capacitance of the sand. The charge of the sand is calculated using Coulomb's law, and its expression is: ,in, The sand particles are charged. is the equivalent capacitance of the sand (related to the shape, size and dielectric constant of the sand), is the voltage applied between the plates;

[0016] Under the action of the electric field, the sand particles acquire electric charge from the electric field. The charged state and jumping height of the sand particles can be controlled by adjusting the voltage. The jumping height of the sand particles can be calculated by analyzing the charged quantity of the sand particles, the unit charge, and the mass of the sand particles. The expression of the jumping height of the sand particles is: ,in, is the height from which the sand particles take off. is the acceleration due to gravity, The sand particles are charged. is the unit charge, is the mass of sand particles;

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, the process of analyzing the influence of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves is as follows:

[0018] An electromagnetic wave transmitter is set to emit directional electromagnetic waves, and a function generator is used to generate a sine wave. The sine wave signal is converted into an electromagnetic wave for transmission through an antenna. The electrical signal is efficiently converted into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna to ensure the propagation directionality and stability of the electromagnetic wave.

[0019] The receiver is arranged opposite to the electromagnetic wave transmitter, and is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signal passing through the sand area and record its signal strength for subsequent data processing and analysis;

[0020] Based on the change of signal intensity, the signal intensity attenuation is quantitatively measured, and the influence of charged sand and its discharge on electromagnetic waves is analyzed by comparing the values ​​of signal intensity attenuation under different conditions. The influencing factors of electromagnetic wave attenuation are the influence of charged sand and the influence of discharge phenomenon. Among them, the charged sand affects the propagation speed and phase of electromagnetic waves by changing the local dielectric constant. Among the influence of discharge phenomenon, the transient electromagnetic field generated by discharge interferes with electromagnetic waves. Among the influence of plate processing methods on attenuation, charged sand discharges under non-insulated plate mode, and electromagnetic wave attenuation includes discharge effect. Under the insulated plate mode, the influence of charged sand on electromagnetic waves is mainly measured, excluding the discharge effect. The calculation expression of signal intensity attenuation is: ,in, is the signal strength attenuation, is the reference power when there is no sand, The power was measured for the experiment with sand particles, and the power was compared under different conditions. The value of is used to analyze the specific impact mechanism of charged sand and its discharge on electromagnetic waves, and to observe whether the discharge phenomenon aggravates the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, or the extent of the impact of charged sand on electromagnetic waves.

[0021] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the laser measurement system, the process of establishing the relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of sand particles is:

[0022] Configure laser, laser power meter, acrylic box, high-power fan and electronic scale to build a laser measurement system;

[0023] In the absence of sand, pass the laser beam through an empty acrylic box and record the laser power as the reference power. ;

[0024] Use a laser to emit a laser beam through the sand area and record the laser power after passing through the sand , combined with the mass of sand (i.e. the mass of sand placed in the box) and the volume of the acrylic box (150×150×150mm), the mass concentration of sand (the mass of sand per unit volume) was calculated, and the attenuation of the laser was calculated by measuring the power change of the laser beam before and after passing through the sand. ;

[0025] Repeat the experiment on sand samples with different masses, that is, adjust the mass concentration of sand particles, and record each set of experimental data. Perform regression analysis on the experimental data to obtain multiple sets of laser attenuation data under different sand mass concentrations, and fit and establish the relationship between laser attenuation and sand mass concentration.

[0026] The mass concentration of sand particles is deduced by calculating the laser attenuation based on the recorded reference power of the laser and the laser power after passing through the sand particles, combined with the established relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of sand particles.

[0027] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the calculation expression of the laser attenuation is:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, is the laser attenuation, is the reference power, is the laser power after passing through the sand;

[0030] The expression of the sand mass concentration and laser attenuation is:

[0031] ;

[0032] in, is the laser attenuation, is the mass concentration of sand particles, determined by experimental data.

[0033] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the vacuum and gas injection system, the process of converting the environment inside the vacuum box into the same environment as the Martian atmosphere is as follows:

[0034] Configure a vacuum machine and a carbon dioxide injector to build a vacuum and gas injection system to simulate the Martian atmosphere;

[0035] Use a vacuum machine to extract the air in the vacuum box until it reaches a preset low pressure level, so that the pressure in the vacuum box reaches the average pressure on the surface of Mars, which is 600 Pa.

[0036] According to the volume of the vacuum box and the molar fraction of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide to be injected is calculated, and carbon dioxide is injected into the vacuum box through a carbon dioxide injector until the simulated Martian atmospheric composition ratio is reached. The calculation expression of the carbon dioxide amount is:

[0037] ;

[0038] in, is the amount of carbon dioxide, is the target air pressure, is the gas constant, is the absolute temperature inside the vacuum chamber, is the volume of the vacuum box, is the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere;

[0039] By maintaining the stability of the pressure and gas composition in the vacuum chamber to ensure the consistency of experimental conditions, experiments on the effects of charged particles on electromagnetic waves can be conducted in an adjusted Mars simulation environment.

[0040] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that in the data acquisition and analysis system, the process of data analysis and model establishment is:

[0041] Configure the adjustable power supply, function generator, spectrum analyzer and data processing software required to build the data acquisition and analysis system. The adjustable power supply provides an adjustable voltage for the sand electrification system. The function generator generates a sine wave signal with a frequency and amplitude of 25MHz to drive the electromagnetic wave transmitter. The spectrum analyzer is used to measure and analyze the frequency and power of the electromagnetic wave. The data processing software is a Python post-processing program for batch reading of measurement data and data processing and analysis.

[0042] The power supply conditions and signal waveform required for the experiment are set by an adjustable power supply and a function generator. A sine wave signal is generated by a function generator and converted into an electromagnetic wave through an antenna. The electromagnetic wave transmitter emits the electromagnetic wave, and the receiver receives the electromagnetic wave after passing through the sand area.

[0043] The signal strength of the electromagnetic wave is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and the laser power before and after passing through the sand area is measured with a laser power meter;

[0044] Use data processing software to batch read data from the spectrum analyzer and laser power meter, extract the signal strength information of electromagnetic waves and lasers from the data, convert the signal strength data into attenuation, analyze the electromagnetic wave signal attenuation and laser signal attenuation respectively, and establish a mathematical model based on the experimental data to analyze the effect of charged sand particles on decibel attenuation, which are the electromagnetic wave decibel attenuation and laser decibel attenuation respectively.

[0045] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the expression for generating the sinusoidal wave signal is:

[0046] ;

[0047] in, is a sine wave signal, is the voltage amplitude, is the frequency, For time.

[0048] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the expression of the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signal is:

[0049] ;

[0050] in, is the attenuation of electromagnetic wave signal, is the electromagnetic wave power when there is no sand, is the electromagnetic wave power when there are sand particles;

[0051] The expression of the laser signal attenuation is:

[0052] ;

[0053] in, is the laser signal attenuation, is the laser power without sand particles, is the laser power when there are sand particles;

[0054] The expression of the electromagnetic wave decibel attenuation is:

[0055] ;

[0056] in, is the decibel attenuation of electromagnetic waves, is the electromagnetic wave power when there is no sand, is the electromagnetic wave power when there are sand particles;

[0057] The expression of the laser decibel attenuation is:

[0058] ;

[0059] in, is the laser decibel attenuation, is the laser power without sand particles, is the laser power when there are sand particles.

[0060] In a second aspect, an experimental method for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment is implemented based on an experimental device for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment, and includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1, configure the experimental equipment, set up a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, and a laser measurement system in a vacuum box, wherein the sand electrification system is configured by setting parallel upper and lower plates, using non-insulated or insulated plate processing methods, and applying voltage to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply to charge the sand in the electric field and make it jump; install the electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver on one side and the other side of the plate of the sand electrification system to ensure that the transmitter can emit directional electromagnetic waves and the receiver can receive electromagnetic waves after passing through the sand area; the laser measurement system includes a laser (such as a 630nm wavelength laser pen), a laser power meter, and an acrylic box, a high-power fan, and an electronic scale required for calibration;

[0062] Step 2: Use a laser power meter and a spectrum analyzer to calibrate to ensure accurate measurement. In the absence of sand, turn on the voltage between the plates and use a spectrum analyzer to measure and record the intensity of the electromagnetic wave as the baseline data.

[0063] Step 3, select a non-insulated plate or an insulated plate to conduct an experiment as needed, measure the discharge effect and the effect of simply charged sand particles, place a certain amount of sand particles between the plates, apply voltage to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply, so that the sand particles are charged and jump under the action of the electric field;

[0064] Step 4, using a function generator to generate a sine wave signal with a frequency and amplitude of 25 MHz, converting it into an electromagnetic wave for transmission through an antenna, turning on the receiver to receive the electromagnetic wave after passing through the sand area, and using a spectrum analyzer to measure and record the signal strength of the electromagnetic wave;

[0065] Step 5, using a laser power meter to measure the power of the laser beam after passing through the empty box and the uniformly mixed sand cloud, calculate the laser attenuation, and use the relationship between the laser attenuation and the sand mass concentration to calculate the sand mass concentration in real time;

[0066] Step 6: Use the Python post-processing program to batch read the data from the spectrum analyzer and laser power meter, extract the signal intensity information of electromagnetic waves and lasers from the data, convert the signal intensity data into attenuation, establish a mathematical model based on the experimental data, and analyze the effect of charged sand on electromagnetic wave attenuation.

[0067] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advances compared with the prior art:

[0068] 1. The present invention provides an experimental device and method for studying the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. By precisely controlling the experimental conditions, the dual influence of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves, as well as the influence of charged sand particles alone on electromagnetic waves are measured respectively. The precise control and real-time monitoring capabilities greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, providing strong support for in-depth research on the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. At the same time, the experimental device also has the advantages of simple and easy operation, wide application range, and strong data processing and analysis capabilities, and has significant technical advantages and practical application value.

[0069] 2. The present invention provides an experimental device and method for studying the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. Through the dual-mode electrode design, the charged state, take-off height, speed and number of charged sand particles can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving indirect control of sand concentration, overcoming the shortcoming that sand concentration is difficult to accurately control in traditional experiments, making the experimental conditions more stable and repeatable. At the same time, a laser calibration and real-time monitoring system is used to monitor the changes in sand mass concentration in real time, providing instant and accurate data support for the measurement of electromagnetic wave attenuation, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, and providing strong support for in-depth research on the influence of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves.

[0070] 3. The present invention provides an experimental device and method for studying the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. Two modes, non-insulated plates and insulating plates, are designed to measure the dual influence of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves, as well as the influence of charged sand particles alone on electromagnetic waves. This allows the experiment to be switched flexibly, effectively distinguishing the different influences of charged sand particles and discharge effects on electromagnetic waves, avoiding interference factors that are difficult to distinguish in traditional experiments, and more accurately revealing the influence mechanism of charged sand particles and their discharge phenomena on the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves by comparing and analyzing the experimental results under different conditions.

[0071] 4. The present invention provides an experimental device and method for studying the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves. Through laser calibration, the changes in the mass concentration of sand particles can be monitored in real time, providing immediate and accurate data support for the measurement of electromagnetic wave attenuation, making the experimental process more flexible and controllable, and able to quickly respond to changes in experimental conditions, ensuring the stability and repeatability of the experimental results. At the same time, by providing real-time feedback on the changes in the mass concentration of sand particles, experimenters can adjust the experimental parameters in a timely manner, optimize the experimental conditions, and improve the experimental efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0073] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an experimental device for the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, including a vacuum box, in which a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, a laser measurement system, a vacuum and gas injection system, and a data acquisition and analysis system are arranged, wherein the electrical signals between the systems are connected;

[0076] The sand electrification system includes a pair of parallel plates, wherein the lower plate is grounded, and the upper plate is connected to the circuit through an adjustable power supply for applying voltage. By applying voltage between the two parallel plates, the sand is charged and jumped by using the electric field force, thereby indirectly controlling the dust concentration. The sand electrification system includes two plate processing methods, namely, non-insulated plates and insulated plates. Under the non-insulated plate configuration, discharge occurs when the charged sand touches the upper plate, allowing the dual effects of discharge and charged sand on electromagnetic waves to be measured simultaneously. Under the insulated plate configuration, the discharge phenomenon is weakened by covering with insulating materials, mainly In order to measure the influence of purely charged sand on electromagnetic waves, the interference of discharge effect is eliminated, and the plates of the sand charging system are configured. The upper plate and the lower plate are set in parallel. The sand charging system is configured using two plate processing methods: non-insulated plate and insulated plate. Voltage is applied to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply to form an electric field. The voltage and the application method are adjusted according to the experimental requirements to accurately control the jumping height, speed and number of sand particles, thereby indirectly controlling the dust concentration. The charge of the sand particles is obtained by analyzing the voltage applied between the plates and the equivalent capacitance of the sand particles. The charge of the sand particles is calculated using Coulomb's law, and its expression is: ,in, The sand particles are charged. is the equivalent capacitance of the sand (related to the shape, size and dielectric constant of the sand), It is the voltage applied between the plates. Under the action of the electric field, the sand particles acquire charge from the electric field. The amount of charge depends on the interaction between the sand particles and the electric field. The free electrons in the sand particles migrate, making the sand particles charged. The charged sand particles are affected by the electric field force and begin to jump and form a sand cloud in the air. The charged state and jumping height of the sand particles can be controlled by adjusting the voltage. By analyzing the amount of sand particles charged, the unit charge and the mass of the sand particles, the jumping height of the sand particles can be calculated. The expression for the jumping height of the sand particles is: ,in, is the height from which the sand particles take off. is the acceleration due to gravity, The sand particles are charged. is the unit charge, It is the mass of sand particles. When using non-insulated plates, the lower plate is grounded, and the upper plate applies voltage through an adjustable power supply. The charged sand particles move upward under the action of the electric field, and discharge occurs when they touch the upper plate. The configuration of non-insulated plates allows the dual effects of discharge and charged sand particles on electromagnetic waves to be measured simultaneously. The insulated plates are configured. The plate size is 200×600×2mm, and the material is aluminum alloy and covered with acrylic plates to form an insulated plate to eliminate the interference of the discharge effect. Under the configuration of the insulated plates, the charged sand particles jump under the upper plate, but will not touch the upper plate. The main measurement is the effect of the pure charged sand particles on electromagnetic waves.

[0077] The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system includes an electromagnetic wave transmitter arranged on one side of the plate of the sand electrification system and a receiver located on the other side. Directional electromagnetic waves are emitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitter and received by the receiver after passing through the sand area, so as to analyze the influence of charged sand and its discharge on the electromagnetic waves. By comparing the attenuation of electromagnetic waves with or without sand and under different plate processing conditions, the signal attenuation is quantitatively measured and the influencing mechanism is analyzed. The transmitter uses a function generator to generate a sine wave and converts the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave through an antenna. The receiver is located on the other side and is used to receive the electromagnetic waves passing through the sand area and record the signal strength. An electromagnetic wave transmitter is arranged on one side of the plate of the sand electrification system to emit directional electromagnetic waves. A function generator is used to generate a sine wave. The sine wave signal is converted into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna for transmission. The electrical signal is efficiently converted into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna to ensure the propagation directionality and stability of the electromagnetic wave. A receiver is arranged on the other side of the plate of the sand electrification system. The receiver and the electromagnetic wave transmitter The device is used to receive electromagnetic waves passing through the sand area, receive electromagnetic wave signals, and record their intensity for subsequent data processing and analysis. By comparing the attenuation of electromagnetic waves with or without sand and under different plate processing conditions, the signal intensity attenuation is quantitatively measured based on the change in signal intensity. By comparing the values ​​of signal intensity attenuation under different conditions, the specific effects of charged sand and its discharge on electromagnetic waves are analyzed. The influencing factors of electromagnetic wave attenuation are the influence of charged sand and the influence of discharge phenomenon. Among them, the charged sand affects the propagation speed and phase of electromagnetic waves by changing the local dielectric constant. Among the effects of discharge phenomenon, the transient electromagnetic field generated by discharge interferes with electromagnetic waves. Among the effects of plate processing methods on attenuation, charged sand discharges under non-insulated plate mode, and electromagnetic wave attenuation includes discharge effect. Under the insulated plate mode, the influence of charged sand on electromagnetic waves is mainly measured, excluding the discharge effect. Among them, the calculation expression of signal intensity attenuation is: ,in, is the signal strength attenuation, is the reference power when there is no sand, The power was measured for the experiment with sand particles, and the power was compared under different conditions. , analyze the specific impact mechanism of charged sand and its discharge on electromagnetic waves, and observe whether the discharge phenomenon aggravates the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, or the impact of charged sand on electromagnetic waves;

[0078] The laser measurement system includes a laser (such as a 630nm wavelength laser pen), a laser power meter, an acrylic box, a high-power fan and an electronic scale. Acrylic spiral rods and wooden boards are selected, and four acrylic spiral rods are vertically connected to the wooden board to form a bracket to fix the upper and lower plates. The electromagnetic wave transmitter is fixed on the inner wall of the vacuum box, and its signal transmitting probe is at the same horizontal height as the central axis of the upper and lower plates. The signal receiving probe of the receiver is fixed on the same horizontal line as the signal transmitting probe of the electromagnetic wave transmitter. The high-power fan is fixed inside the vacuum box, and its height is the same as the signal receiving probe of the receiver. The adjustable power supply is placed on the inner wall of the vacuum box. On the ground outside the vacuum box, its positive voltage output terminal is connected to the upper plate, and the ground wire of the adjustable power supply is connected to the lower plate. The laser beam is used to pass through the sand area, and the relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of the sand is established by measuring the attenuation of the laser. The mass concentration of the sand is calibrated to achieve non-contact, high-precision, and real-time monitoring of the mass concentration of the sand, which provides a basis for inferring the mass concentration of the sand through the laser attenuation in actual measurement. A laser, a laser power meter, an acrylic box, a high-power fan, and an electronic scale are configured to build a laser measurement system, in which a laser (such as a 630nm wavelength laser pen) is used to emit a laser beam, and the wavelength of the laser beam is selected It should be ensured that it can penetrate the sand area and remain stable. The laser power meter is used to measure the power of the laser beam to evaluate the attenuation of the laser before and after passing through the sand area. The size of the acrylic box is 150×150×150mm, ensuring good sealing. It is used to place sand and simulate the sand cloud environment. A high-power fan is installed inside the acrylic box to mix the sand evenly in the box to form a stable sand cloud. The electronic scale is used to accurately weigh the mass of the sand to ensure the accuracy of the sand mass in each experiment. The laser measurement system passes the laser beam through the sand area and uses the attenuation of the laser to calibrate the sand mass concentration. When the laser beam passes through the sand Cloud, part of the laser energy is absorbed, scattered or reflected by the sand, resulting in the attenuation of the laser power. By measuring the power change of the laser beam before and after passing through the sand, the attenuation of the laser is calculated, and then the mass concentration of the sand is inferred based on the established relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of the sand. Prepare the experiment, use an electronic scale to weigh a predetermined mass of sand (such as 0.3g), ensure that the particle size distribution of the sand is relatively uniform, and evenly spread the sand on the bottom of the acrylic box. Connect the laser and the laser power meter, prepare to measure the laser power, and pass the laser beam through the empty acrylic box without sand. Record the laser power at this time as the reference power. , turn on the high-power fan and adjust the wind speed to fully mix the sand in the acrylic box to form a uniform sand cloud. Wait for 1 minute to ensure that the sand distribution is stable. After the sand is evenly mixed, turn on the laser to pass the laser beam through the sand area. Use the laser to emit the laser beam through the sand area and record the laser power after passing through the sand. , combined with the mass of sand (i.e. the mass of sand placed in the box) and the volume of the acrylic box (150×150×150mm), the mass concentration of sand (the mass of sand per unit volume) was calculated, and the attenuation of the laser was calculated by measuring the power change of the laser beam before and after passing through the sand. ; Repeat the experiment on sand samples with different masses, that is, adjust the mass concentration of sand particles, and record each set of experimental data. Perform regression analysis on the experimental data to obtain multiple sets of laser attenuation data under different sand mass concentrations, and fit the relationship between laser attenuation and sand mass concentration. The laser attenuation is calculated based on the recorded reference power of the laser and the laser power after passing through the sand particles, and the sand mass concentration is inferred in combination with the established relationship between laser attenuation and sand mass concentration.

[0079] Furthermore, the calculation expression of laser attenuation is:

[0080] ;

[0081] in, is the laser attenuation, is the reference power, is the laser power after passing through the sand;

[0082] The expression of sand mass concentration and laser attenuation is:

[0083] ;

[0084] in, is the laser attenuation, is the mass concentration of sand particles, determined by experimental data;

[0085] The vacuum and gas injection system includes a vacuum machine and a carbon dioxide injector. The vacuum machine is placed on the ground outside the vacuum box, and its probe is connected to the vacuum box. The carbon dioxide injection port is connected to the vacuum box. The vacuum machine is used to transform the environment in the vacuum box into the same environment as the Martian atmosphere, simulating experiments under Martian environmental conditions to improve the reliability of experimental results and increase the practical significance and application value of the experiment. The vacuum machine and the carbon dioxide injector are configured to construct a vacuum and gas injection system to simulate the Martian atmosphere. The vacuum machine is used to extract the air in the vacuum box to achieve the required low pressure environment. The carbon dioxide injector is used to inject pure carbon dioxide into the vacuum box to simulate the main components of the Martian atmosphere. The vacuum machine is used to extract the air in the vacuum box until the preset low pressure level is reached, so that the pressure in the vacuum box reaches the average pressure on the surface of Mars. The average pressure on the surface of Mars is 600 Pa. According to the volume of the vacuum box and the molar fraction of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide to be injected is calculated, and carbon dioxide is injected into the vacuum box through the carbon dioxide injector until the simulated Martian atmospheric component ratio is reached. The calculation expression of the carbon dioxide amount is:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, is the amount of carbon dioxide, is the target air pressure, is the gas constant, is the absolute temperature inside the vacuum chamber, is the volume of the vacuum box, is the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere;

[0088] Maintaining the stability of the pressure and gas composition in the vacuum chamber to ensure the consistency of experimental conditions, the experiment of the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves can be carried out in the adjusted Mars simulation environment;

[0089] The data acquisition and analysis system includes an adjustable power supply, a function generator, a spectrum analyzer, and data processing software (such as a Python post-processing program). It collects electromagnetic wave and laser measurement data in real time, reads the signal strength data in the measurement data in batches through Python tools and converts it into attenuation output, performs data analysis and model building, provides powerful data processing and analysis capabilities, and provides strong support for theoretical research and engineering applications. The adjustable power supply, function generator, spectrum analyzer, and data processing software required to build the data acquisition and analysis system are configured. Among them, the adjustable power supply provides an adjustable voltage for the sand electrification system, the function generator generates a sine wave signal with a frequency and amplitude of 25MHz to drive the electromagnetic wave transmitter, and the spectrum analyzer is used to measure and analyze the frequency and power of the electromagnetic wave. The data processing software is a Python post-processing program. The program is used to batch read the measurement data, perform data processing and analysis, set the power supply conditions and signal waveform required for the experiment through the adjustable power supply and function generator, use the function generator to generate a sine wave signal, convert it into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna, the electromagnetic wave transmitter sends out the electromagnetic wave, the receiver receives the electromagnetic wave after passing through the sand area, and measures the signal strength of the electromagnetic wave through the spectrum analyzer. The laser power before and after passing through the sand area is measured with the laser power meter. The data of the spectrum analyzer and the laser power meter are read in batches using Python software, and the signal strength information of the electromagnetic wave and the laser is extracted from the data. The signal strength data is converted into attenuation, and the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signal and the attenuation of the laser signal are analyzed respectively. A mathematical model is established based on the experimental data to analyze the influence of charged sand on the decibel attenuation, which is the decibel attenuation of the electromagnetic wave and the decibel attenuation of the laser respectively.

[0090] Furthermore, the expression for generating the sine wave signal is:

[0091] ;

[0092] in, is a sine wave signal, is the voltage amplitude, is the frequency, For time;

[0093] Furthermore, the expression of electromagnetic wave signal attenuation is:

[0094] ;

[0095] in, is the attenuation of electromagnetic wave signal, is the electromagnetic wave power when there is no sand, is the electromagnetic wave power when there are sand particles;

[0096] The expression of laser signal attenuation is:

[0097] ;

[0098] in, is the laser signal attenuation, is the laser power without sand particles, is the laser power when there are sand particles;

[0099] The expression of electromagnetic wave decibel attenuation is:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, is the decibel attenuation of electromagnetic waves, is the electromagnetic wave power when there is no sand, is the electromagnetic wave power when there are sand particles;

[0102] The expression of laser decibel attenuation is:

[0103] ;

[0104] in, is the laser decibel attenuation, is the laser power without sand particles, is the laser power when there are sand particles.

[0105] Embodiment 2, as Figure 1 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention also provides an experimental method for the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, which is implemented based on an experimental device for the influence of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, and includes the following steps:

[0106] Step 1, configure the experimental equipment, set up a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, and a laser measurement system in a vacuum box, wherein the sand electrification system is configured by setting parallel upper and lower plates, using non-insulated or insulated plate processing methods, and applying voltage to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply to charge the sand in the electric field and make it jump; install the electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver on one side and the other side of the plate of the sand electrification system to ensure that the transmitter can emit directional electromagnetic waves and the receiver can receive electromagnetic waves after passing through the sand area; the laser measurement system includes a laser (such as a 630nm wavelength laser pen), a laser power meter, and an acrylic box, a high-power fan, and an electronic scale required for calibration;

[0107] Step 2: Use a laser power meter and a spectrum analyzer to calibrate to ensure accurate measurement. In the absence of sand, turn on the voltage between the plates and use a spectrum analyzer to measure and record the intensity of the electromagnetic wave as the baseline data.

[0108] Step 3, select a non-insulated plate or an insulated plate to conduct an experiment as needed, measure the discharge effect and the effect of simply charged sand particles, place a certain amount of sand particles between the plates, apply voltage to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply, so that the sand particles are charged and jump under the action of the electric field;

[0109] Step 4, using a function generator to generate a sine wave signal with a frequency and amplitude of 25 MHz, converting it into an electromagnetic wave for transmission through an antenna, turning on the receiver to receive the electromagnetic wave after passing through the sand area, and using a spectrum analyzer to measure and record the signal strength of the electromagnetic wave;

[0110] Step 5, using a laser power meter to measure the power of the laser beam after passing through the empty box and the uniformly mixed sand cloud, calculate the laser attenuation, and use the relationship between the laser attenuation and the sand mass concentration to calculate the sand mass concentration in real time;

[0111] Step 6: Use the Python post-processing program to batch read the data from the spectrum analyzer and laser power meter, extract the signal intensity information of electromagnetic waves and lasers from the data, convert the signal intensity data into attenuation, establish a mathematical model based on the experimental data, and analyze the effect of charged sand on electromagnetic wave attenuation.

[0112] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An experimental device for the effect of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, comprising a vacuum box, characterized in that: The vacuum box is provided with a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, a laser measurement system, a vacuum and gas injection system, and a data acquisition and analysis system, wherein the electrical signals between the systems are connected; The sand electrification system comprises a pair of parallel plates, wherein the lower plate is grounded and the upper plate is connected to the circuit via an adjustable power supply for applying voltage; the sand electrification system comprises two plate processing modes, namely, non-insulated plate and insulated plate; The electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system comprises an electromagnetic wave transmitter disposed on one side of the plate of the sand electrification system and a receiver located on the other side; The laser measurement system includes a laser, a laser power meter, an acrylic box, a fan and an electronic scale. The laser beam is passed through the sand area, and the relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of the sand is established by measuring the attenuation of the laser to calibrate the mass concentration of the sand. The vacuum and gas injection system includes a vacuum machine and a carbon dioxide injector, which are used to transform the environment in the vacuum box into an environment identical to the Martian atmosphere, simulating experiments under Martian environmental conditions; The data acquisition and analysis system includes an adjustable power supply, a function generator, a spectrum analyzer and data processing software, which collects electromagnetic wave and laser measurement data in real time, performs data analysis and model building; In the vacuum and gas injection system, the process of converting the environment inside the vacuum box into the same environment as the Martian atmosphere is as follows: Configure a vacuum machine and a carbon dioxide injector to build a vacuum and gas injection system to simulate the Martian atmosphere; Use a vacuum machine to extract the air in the vacuum box until it reaches a preset low pressure level, so that the pressure in the vacuum box reaches the average pressure on the surface of Mars, which is 600 Pa. According to the volume of the vacuum box and the molar fraction of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide to be injected is calculated, and carbon dioxide is injected into the vacuum box through a carbon dioxide injector until the simulated Martian atmospheric composition ratio is reached. The calculation expression of the carbon dioxide amount is: ； in, is the amount of carbon dioxide, is the target air pressure, is the gas constant, is the absolute temperature inside the vacuum chamber, is the volume of the vacuum box, is the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere; Maintaining stable pressure and gas composition in the vacuum chamber, conducting experiments on the effects of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in an adjusted Mars simulation environment; In the data acquisition and analysis system, the process of data analysis and model establishment is as follows: The power supply conditions and signal waveform required for the experiment are set by an adjustable power supply and a function generator. A sine wave signal is generated by a function generator and converted into an electromagnetic wave through an antenna. The electromagnetic wave transmitter emits the electromagnetic wave, and the receiver receives the electromagnetic wave after passing through the sand area. The signal strength of the electromagnetic wave is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and the laser power before and after passing through the sand area is measured with a laser power meter; Use data processing software to batch read the data of the spectrum analyzer and laser power meter, extract the signal strength information of electromagnetic waves and lasers from the data, convert the signal strength data into attenuation, analyze the electromagnetic wave signal attenuation and laser signal attenuation respectively, and establish a mathematical model based on the experimental data to analyze the influence of charged sand on decibel attenuation, which are the electromagnetic wave decibel attenuation and laser decibel attenuation respectively; The expression of the attenuation of the electromagnetic wave signal is: ; in, is the attenuation of electromagnetic wave signal, is the electromagnetic wave power when there is no sand, is the electromagnetic wave power when there are sand particles; The expression of the laser signal attenuation is: ; in, is the laser signal attenuation, is the laser power without sand particles, is the laser power when there are sand particles; The expression of the electromagnetic wave decibel attenuation is: ; in, is the decibel attenuation of electromagnetic waves, is the electromagnetic wave power when there is no sand, is the electromagnetic wave power when there are sand particles; The expression of the laser decibel attenuation is: ; in, is the laser decibel attenuation, is the laser power without sand particles, is the laser power when there are sand particles.

2. The experimental device for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sand electrification system, the process of using electric field force to charge sand and make it jump is as follows: The plates of the sand electrification system are configured, and the sand electrification system is configured by using two plate processing methods: non-insulated plates and insulated plates; The voltage is applied to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply to form an electric field. The charge of the sand is obtained by analyzing the voltage applied between the plates and the equivalent capacitance of the sand. The charge of the sand is calculated using Coulomb's law, and its expression is: ,in, The sand particles are charged. is the equivalent capacitance of a grain of sand, is the voltage applied between the plates; under the action of the electric field, the sand particles acquire charge from the electric field. By analyzing the charge of the sand particles, the unit charge and the mass of the sand particles, the jumping height of the sand particles is calculated. The expression of the jumping height of the sand particles is: ,in, is the height from which the sand particles take off. is the acceleration due to gravity, The sand particles are charged. is the unit charge, is the mass of sand.

3. The experimental device for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, the process of analyzing the effect of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves is as follows: An electromagnetic wave transmitter is set to transmit directional electromagnetic waves, and a function generator is used to generate a sine wave. The sine wave signal is converted into an electromagnetic wave and transmitted through an antenna; The receiver is arranged opposite to the electromagnetic wave transmitter, and is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signal passing through the sand area and record its signal strength; Based on the change of signal intensity, the signal intensity attenuation is quantitatively measured, and by comparing the values ​​of signal intensity attenuation under different conditions, the influence of charged sand particles and their discharge on electromagnetic waves is analyzed. Among them, the influencing factors of electromagnetic wave attenuation are the influence of charged sand particles and the influence of discharge phenomenon.

4. The experimental device for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the laser measurement system, the process of establishing the relationship between laser attenuation and sand mass concentration is as follows: Configure laser, laser power meter, acrylic box, fan and electronic scale to build a laser measurement system; In the absence of sand, pass the laser beam through an empty acrylic box and record the laser power as the reference power. ; Use a laser to emit a laser beam through the sand area and record the laser power after passing through the sand , combined with the mass of the sand and the volume of the acrylic box, the mass concentration of the sand is calculated, and the attenuation of the laser is calculated by measuring the power change of the laser beam before and after passing through the sand. ; Repeat the experiment on sand samples with different masses, that is, adjust the mass concentration of sand particles, and record each set of experimental data. Perform regression analysis on the experimental data to obtain multiple sets of laser attenuation data under different sand mass concentrations, and fit and establish the relationship between laser attenuation and sand mass concentration. The mass concentration of sand particles is deduced by calculating the laser attenuation based on the recorded reference power of the laser and the laser power after passing through the sand particles, combined with the established relationship between the laser attenuation and the mass concentration of sand particles.

5. The experimental device for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation expression of the laser attenuation is: ； in, is the laser attenuation, is the reference power, is the laser power after passing through the sand; The expression of the sand mass concentration and laser attenuation is: ； in, is the laser attenuation, is the mass concentration of sand particles.

6. The experimental device for the effect of charged particles on electromagnetic waves in the Martian environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expression for generating the sine wave signal is: ； in, is a sine wave signal, is the voltage amplitude, is the frequency, For time.

7. An experimental method for the effect of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves, implemented based on the experimental device for the effect of charged particles in the Martian environment on electromagnetic waves as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, configure the experimental equipment, set up a sand electrification system, an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving system, and a laser measurement system in a vacuum box, wherein the sand electrification system is configured by setting parallel upper and lower pole plates, and voltage is applied to the upper pole plate through an adjustable power supply to make the sand charged and jump in the electric field; the electromagnetic wave transmitter and receiver are installed on one side and the other side of the pole plate of the sand electrification system; the laser measurement system includes a laser, a laser power meter, and an acrylic box, a fan, and an electronic scale required for calibration; Step 2: Use a laser power meter and a spectrum analyzer to calibrate, and in the absence of sand, turn on the voltage between the plates, and use the spectrum analyzer to measure and record the intensity of the electromagnetic wave as the benchmark data; Step 3, measuring the discharge effect and the effect of simply charged sand particles, placing sand particles between the plates, applying voltage to the upper plate through an adjustable power supply, so that the sand particles are charged and jump under the action of the electric field; Step 4, using a function generator to generate a sine wave signal with a frequency and amplitude of 25 MHz, converting it into an electromagnetic wave for transmission through an antenna, turning on the receiver to receive the electromagnetic wave after passing through the sand area, and using a spectrum analyzer to measure and record the signal strength of the electromagnetic wave; Step 5, using a laser power meter to measure the power of the laser beam after passing through the empty box and the uniformly mixed sand cloud, calculate the laser attenuation, and use the relationship between the laser attenuation and the sand mass concentration to calculate the sand mass concentration in real time; Step 6: Use the Python post-processing program to batch read the data from the spectrum analyzer and laser power meter, extract the signal intensity information of electromagnetic waves and lasers from the data, convert the signal intensity data into attenuation, establish a mathematical model based on the experimental data, and analyze the effect of charged sand on electromagnetic wave attenuation.

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