Carbon footprint accounting method for tea oil production process

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutrality, and discloses a carbon footprint accounting method for tea oil production, which divides tea oil production into an afforestation subsystem and a virgin oil subsystem, and divides input categories into energy, fertilizer, chemicals, materials, transportation and waste treatment, accurately analyzes the carbon emission inventory of tea oil production throughout its life cycle, and accurately defines the system boundary of carbon footprint accounting, laying the foundation for subsequent carbon footprint accounting, which is conducive to the subsequent accurate calculation of the carbon footprint of each subsystem. Then, after collecting the input category data of each subsystem, the carbon footprint of each subsystem is calculated, and then the total carbon footprint of the entire life cycle of tea oil production is calculated by cumulative summation. Finally, the mass of produced tea oil is counted, and the carbon footprint of unit mass virgin tea oil in the entire production process can be calculated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutrality, and specifically relates to a carbon footprint accounting method for a tea oil production process. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, global climate change has significantly affected forestry production and the management of economic forest resources.

[0003] Carbon footprint accounting is a quantitative method used to assess the greenhouse gas emissions generated by a specific activity, product or system throughout its life cycle. For tea oil forests and tea oil products, understanding the carbon emissions in the production process is crucial to optimizing forestry production management, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable forestry development. Therefore, the carbon footprint accounting of tea oil from afforestation to primary oil extraction has important practical significance.

[0004] Patent CN115186519A discloses a method and device for measuring agricultural carbon footprint based on a variable system boundary scenario, which calculates the carbon footprint of wheat, corn, rice, and apples, and specifically divides the agricultural production, agricultural product rough processing, agricultural product transportation, and agricultural waste treatment into four stages, but does not mention the planting and processing of products with long production cycles; Patent CN 114781135A A comprehensive estimation method and system for net greenhouse gas emissions from a regional agricultural planting system, which uses the life cycle approach to evaluate the CO2 emissions caused by agricultural management of wheat, corn, soybeans, and rice, targeting the growth stages of crops, namely, sowing, management, harvesting, and returning to the field, including the use of diesel, plastic film, pesticides, and irrigation, the production and use of fertilizers, and CO2 emissions generated by straw burning; Patent CN118014393A A carbon footprint accounting method and system for the breeding stage of economic forest varieties discloses a carbon footprint accounting method for economic forest tree species from seedling cultivation to nursery, which can provide assistance for the carbon footprint accounting of the upstream supply chain of tea oil production, but the carbon footprint accounting problem of the entire tea oil production process remains to be solved; Patent CN115619069A A carbon footprint accounting method and system for the entire life cycle of tea, which calculates the carbon footprint of tea throughout its life cycle, including six links: planting, processing, packaging, transportation, consumption, and treatment. However, there are considerable differences in the production processes of tea oil and tea leaves. The accounting scope of existing agricultural and forestry patents rarely involves woody oil crops. There is a gap in the carbon footprint accounting of tea oil production, which needs to be filled urgently.

[0005] Pattara et al. conducted a carbon footprint accounting analysis on five olive oil product cases in Italy through the carbon footprint method, and quantified the greenhouse gas emissions associated with olive cultivation and olive oil production (farm stage and factory stage); L. Fernández et al. used survey data from 11 different types of olive production farms and 12 olive oil processing plants to quantify the environmental impact of producing one kilogram of unpackaged extra virgin olive oil at the farm and industrial stages; Naderi et al. studied the carbon footprint and environmental impact of apples from the production stage to the storage stage during the 2018 planting season; Cabot et al. conducted a descriptive and critical review of the current status of life cycle assessment (LCA) research on 16 citrus fruits through method decision-making and crop cycle modeling, and found that most of the research functional units adopted quality functional units and the system boundary of "from cradle to farm gate";

[0006] Previous studies on the carbon footprint of edible oil production have mostly focused on the production process of oil products. There has not been enough in-depth research on the overall life cycle process from "cradle to gate", and the greenhouse gas emissions of specific front-end inputs and process steps have not been clear enough. The raw material production and product production of oil products have not been combined, resulting in inaccurate calculations. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for calculating the carbon footprint of tea oil production process to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] The carbon footprint accounting method for the tea oil production process includes the following steps:

[0009] (a) Divide the subsystems within the life cycle of tea oil production process and determine the system boundaries, functional units and trade-off criteria of carbon footprint;

[0010] (b) Based on the production information of tea oil production process, determine the carbon emission inventory of each subsystem, analyze the carbon emission inventory of tea oil product production process during its life cycle, and determine the input and output inventory of each stage;

[0011] (c) Determine the calculation methods, allocation procedures, data requirements and emission factors within each subsystem;

[0012] The calculation method includes: the total CO2e emissions within the life cycle of tea oil production process:

[0013] ;

[0014] Where E is the greenhouse gas emissions of functional unit j;

[0015] G i Activity usage data for input i;

[0016] EF ij is the emission factor of input i for greenhouse gas j;

[0017] ;

[0018] Among them, CF is the carbon footprint of the functional unit;

[0019] E j is the greenhouse gas emissions of functional unit j;

[0020] GWP j is the global warming potential;

[0021] (d) Conduct experiments to achieve a carbon balance that takes into account and continuously monitors and tracks carbon emissions and carbon sequestration;

[0022] (e) The carbon emission accounting model was constructed using the emission factor method, and the carbon footprint of the tea oil production process was obtained using the carbon emission accounting models of each subsystem;

[0023] (f) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality;

[0024] In step (e), carbon emission accounting models are constructed for the two subsystems of forest construction and virgin oil extraction, and carbon footprint accounting is performed:

[0025] The carbon footprint of the afforestation subsystem includes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in all production processes in the afforestation subsystem:

[0026] ;

[0027] Among them, E forest is the carbon footprint of the afforestation subsystem, W1 is the loss rate of the afforestation subsystem; E Ene E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the energy used by the functional unit; cha E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of chemicals in functional units; mat E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used in the functional unit; T E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; Was is the carbon footprint of the waste treatment process; fer CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of fertilizers for functional units;

[0028] The carbon footprint of the virgin oil subsystem includes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in all production processes in the virgin oil subsystem:

[0029] ;

[0030] Among them, E oil is the carbon footprint of the virgin oil subsystem, and W2 is the loss rate of the virgin oil subsystem;

[0031] For camellia oil, its product carbon footprint includes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in the production of one ton of virgin camellia oil:

[0032] ;

[0033] Among them, E FU is the carbon footprint of a single functional unit; E total is the total carbon footprint of the tea oil production process.

[0034] Furthermore, in step (a), the system boundary includes: all processes in the life cycle of tea oil production process from tea oil planting to virgin oil output, including the afforestation subsystem from cradle to forest gate, and the virgin oil subsystem from forest gate to oil mill gate;

[0035] The afforestation subsystem includes the production process of fresh oil-tea fruit from cradle to forest gate, including: preparation and planting, young forest tending, mature forest management and oil-tea fruit harvesting;

[0036] The primary oil pressing subsystem includes the tea oil production process from the forest gate to the oil press factory gate, including: pretreatment, tea oil extraction and tea oil refining.

[0037] Furthermore, for the afforestation subsystem, the goal is to generate a detailed inventory of tea oil forest operations in tea oil production, which will be used for tea oil product carbon footprint accounting and economic forest life cycle greenhouse gas assessment; the assessment scope includes cradle to forest gate, including: material and chemical inputs from the forest and its suppliers, electricity and fuel use, labor, and transportation of inputs and products, excluding the production of capital equipment and facilities used for forest management operations;

[0038] The functional unit of the afforestation subsystem is one kilogram of fresh camellia oleifera fruit;

[0039] The system boundary of the afforestation subsystem is from the nursery gate to the forest gate, which includes all direct and indirect inputs and outputs of raw material collection, land preparation, oil-tea plantation management, and oil-tea fruit collection.

[0040] Furthermore, for the virgin oil subsystem, the goal is to generate a detailed inventory of mill operations in tea oil production, which will be used for tea oil product carbon footprint accounting and economic forest product life cycle greenhouse gas assessment; the assessment scope includes forest gate to mill gate, including material and chemical inputs, electricity use, and transportation of inputs and products to the mill and its suppliers;

[0041] The functional unit of the virgin oil subsystem is one ton of virgin tea oil;

[0042] The system boundary of the virgin oil subsystem is from the forest gate to the oil mill gate, which includes all direct and indirect inputs and outputs of raw material transportation, pretreatment, tea oil extraction, and tea oil refining.

[0043] Furthermore, for each sub-stage, process and link, the carbon footprint of different inputs is calculated separately, including on-site energy, fertilizers, chemicals, materials, transportation and waste treatment:

[0044] Onsite energy use:

[0045] ;

[0046] Among them, E Ene The CO2 emissions corresponding to the energy used by the functional unit;

[0047] E Elec CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit;

[0048] E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit;

[0049] E Lab CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of manpower by functional units;

[0050] Power Usage:

[0051] ;

[0052] Among them, E Elec CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit;

[0053] G Elec Use power for functional units;

[0054] EF Elec is the emission factor for electricity production;

[0055] Fuel usage:

[0056] ;

[0057] Among them, E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit;

[0058] Uma is the fuel a consumption per unit time of machine m;

[0059] ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m;

[0060] T m is the working time of machine m;

[0061] EF a is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a;

[0062] Qa is the average low calorific value of fuel a;

[0063] Manpower Use:

[0064] ;

[0065] Where P is the number of workers;

[0066] D is the total working days;

[0067] EF Lab Calculated by energy method;

[0068] Fertilizer use:

[0069] ;

[0070] Among them, E fer CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of fertilizers for functional units;

[0071] A x is the application area of ​​fertilizer x;

[0072] M x The amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time;

[0073] f x is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x;

[0074] EF x The greenhouse gas emission factor for fertilizer x;

[0075] Chemicals used:

[0076] ;

[0077] Among them, E cha CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of chemicals in functional units;

[0078] AD x The usage activity data of chemical x;

[0079] EF x greenhouse gas emission factor for chemical x;

[0080] Materials used:

[0081] ;

[0082] Among them, E mat CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used in the functional units;

[0083] AD x Data on usage activities of material x;

[0084] EF x The greenhouse gas emission factor for material x;

[0085] transportation:

[0086] ;

[0087] Among them, E T CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit;

[0088] G T The weight of the transport functional unit;

[0089] G T is the transport distance of the functional unit;

[0090] EF T Produce emission factors for transportation;

[0091] Waste Disposal:

[0092] ;

[0093] Among them, E Was for the carbon footprint of waste treatment;

[0094] L p Proportion of landfill disposal;

[0095] I p Proportion of incineration;

[0096] W i is the mass of waste i;

[0097] EF L is the emission factor for waste landfill, EF P Emission factors for incineration and landfill disposal.

[0098] Furthermore, the step (f) conducts uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze the emission proportion and data quality, including: determining the factors of change, designing the experimental plan, determining the activity data and carbon emission factors, running the experiment, analyzing the results, interpreting the results, and drawing conclusions.

[0099] Furthermore, when conducting carbon balance considerations, it includes: assessing carbon absorption, calculating net carbon emissions, formulating emission reduction and carbon sequestration measures, achieving carbon balance, monitoring and tracking.

[0100] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0101] Compared with the existing patents for life cycle assessment of agricultural and forestry products, the method for constructing a life cycle emission inventory of the present invention adopts a more detailed and comprehensive method; the carbon emissions of each production link are finely divided, making the emission inventory more detailed and practical, providing decision makers with more comprehensive carbon footprint data; for environmental cost calculation, through in-depth analysis of the environmental costs of each stage, including energy, materials and emissions in the production process, the calculation of environmental costs is more accurate and comprehensive, which provides decision makers with more detailed economic and environmental information and contributes to more sustainable economic development; supply chain carbon emission accounting has an in-depth understanding of the carbon emissions of each link in the supply chain, from raw material procurement to final product delivery, and the emission data is more accurate, which helps to comprehensively optimize the supply chain and reduce the overall carbon footprint. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0102] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the carbon footprint accounting method of tea oil production from afforestation to first oil pressing;

[0103] Figure 2 It is the boundary map of the carbon footprint accounting system for tea oil production from afforestation to first oil pressing;

[0104] Figure 3 It is the boundary map of the afforestation subsystem;

[0105] Figure 4 It is the boundary diagram of the virgin oil subsystem. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0106] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1-Figure 4 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0107] The present invention discloses a carbon footprint accounting method for tea oil production, which divides tea oil production into an afforestation subsystem and a virgin oil subsystem, and divides input categories into energy, fertilizer, chemicals, materials, transportation and waste treatment, accurately analyzes the carbon emission inventory in the entire life cycle of tea oil production, and accurately defines the system boundary of carbon footprint accounting, laying a foundation for subsequent carbon footprint accounting, which is conducive to the subsequent accurate calculation of the carbon footprint of each subsystem. Then, after collecting the input category data of each subsystem, the carbon footprint of each subsystem is calculated, and then the total carbon footprint of the entire life cycle of tea oil production is calculated by cumulative summation. Finally, the mass of produced tea oil is counted, and the carbon footprint of unit mass virgin tea oil in the entire production process can be calculated.

[0108] The carbon footprint accounting method for tea oil production involves everything from afforestation to primary oil extraction, including:

[0109] (a) Divide the subsystems within the life cycle of tea oil production process and determine the system boundaries, functional units and trade-off criteria of carbon footprint;

[0110] (b) Based on the production information of tea oil production process, determine the carbon emission inventory of each subsystem, analyze the carbon emission inventory of tea oil product production process during its life cycle, and determine the input and output inventory of each stage;

[0111] (c) Determine the calculation methods, allocation procedures, data requirements and emission factors within each subsystem;

[0112] (d) Conduct experiments to achieve a carbon balance that takes into account and continuously monitors and tracks carbon emissions and carbon sequestration;

[0113] (e) The carbon emission accounting model was constructed using the emission factor method, and the carbon footprint of the tea oil production process was obtained using the carbon emission accounting models of each subsystem;

[0114] (f) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality.

[0115] The present invention is a carbon footprint accounting method for a dual-subsystem, including an afforestation subsystem and a virgin oil pressing subsystem:

[0116] The afforestation subsystem refers to the optimization and integration of the planting, tending, and harvesting of oil-tea trees through scientific management and optimization measures to achieve an efficient and sustainable production system; it has the following characteristics: (i) difficulty in collecting long-term data, (ii) natural disturbance factors, (iii) high geographical heterogeneity, and (iv) dynamic changes in carbon storage.

[0117] The virgin oil subsystem refers to the process of extracting virgin oil from camellia seeds, which includes a series of mechanical and physical operations to ensure high-quality tea oil output. It has the characteristics of (i) complex life cycle stages, (ii) diverse energy consumption, (iii) high regional differences, and (iv) dynamic changes in technical management.

[0118] Specifically, the life cycle of tea oil production refers to all processes from tea oil planting to virgin oil output, including the afforestation subsystem from cradle to forest gate, and the virgin oil subsystem from forest gate to oil press gate, i.e., the system boundary in step (a).

[0119] The afforestation subsystem refers to the production process of fresh camellia oleifera fruit from cradle to forest gate, including four links: preparation and planting, young forest cultivation, mature forest management and camellia oleifera fruit harvesting, among which:

[0120] (i) Preparation and planting is the initial stage of oil tea forest construction, which mainly includes site selection, soil preparation, seedling selection and planting. The goal of this stage is to provide the best environmental conditions for the growth of oil tea trees. It includes five specific contents: clearing the mountain, digging the ridge, applying base fertilizer and returning to the ridge, planting, and replanting;

[0121] (ii) Young forest tending, i.e., forest management for one to five years, is the initial stage of tea oil plantation growth. It requires careful management and care to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings and establish a good forest stand structure, including four specific contents: topdressing, ridge expansion, complete weed removal, and pest and disease control;

[0122] (iii) Forest management, i.e. management during the peak fruiting period, lasts for 50 years and includes three specific aspects: topdressing, shaping and pruning, and pest and disease control;

[0123] (iv) The oil-tea fruit harvesting stage is the final stage of oil-tea forest construction, which mainly includes the steps of fruit picking, preliminary processing and transportation.

[0124] The primary oil pressing subsystem refers to the tea oil production process from the forest gate to the oil press factory gate, which includes three links: pretreatment link, tea oil extraction link and tea oil refining link.

[0125] (i) The pre-treatment stage is to carry out preliminary processing of the oil-tea camellia fruits harvested from the forest to prepare for the subsequent oil extraction process. The goal of this stage is to remove impurities in the oil-tea camellia fruits and make the fruits suitable for oil extraction, including five specific contents: impurity removal, drying, oil-tea camellia fruit shelling, cleaning, and shell-kernel separation;

[0126] (ii) Tea oil extraction is the process of extracting tea oil from pre-treated tea seeds through mechanical and physical means. This step is the core step of tea oil production and determines the quality and yield of the virgin oil. It includes three specific contents: cold pressing, coarse filtration, and fine filtration;

[0127] (iii) Tea oil refining is the further processing of virgin tea oil to improve the purity and quality of tea oil so that it meets the needs of the market and consumers. The goal of this process is to remove impurities, pigments and odors in tea oil to ensure the quality and safety of tea oil. It includes five specific contents: degumming, deacidification, decolorization, deodorization and dewaxing (winterization).

[0128] Furthermore, for the afforestation subsystem, the goal is to generate a detailed inventory for the oil-tea camellia forest operations in tea oil production, which will be used for tea oil product carbon footprint accounting and economic forest life cycle greenhouse gas assessment. The scope of the assessment includes cradle to forest gate. This includes material and chemical inputs, electricity and fuel use, labor, and transportation of inputs and products from the forest and its suppliers, but does not include the production of capital equipment and facilities used for forest management operations. The functional unit of the afforestation subsystem is one kilogram of fresh tea fruit. In the oil-tea fresh fruit production subsystem, there will be a certain proportion of losses in the process of oil-tea camellia forest management and tea fruit harvesting, which needs to be set according to actual production conditions. The afforestation subsystem boundary is defined as from the nursery gate to the forest gate, which includes all direct and indirect inputs (electricity, fuel, chemicals, materials and labor) and outputs (CO2; SO2; NO x ;COD;P;NH 4+ ).

[0129] For the virgin oil subsystem, the goal is to generate a detailed inventory of mill operations in tea oil production that will be used for tea oil product carbon footprint accounting and economic forest product life cycle greenhouse gas assessment, from forest gate to mill gate. This includes material and chemical inputs to the mill and its suppliers, electricity use, and transportation of inputs and products. The life cycle stages of distribution, consumption, and scrapping were not assessed because no records are kept for products leaving the mill gate, and the scrapping options for packaging vary depending on the behavioral habits of the end consumer. All production, maintenance and cleaning of equipment, management processes, cleaning of buildings, and quality control processes were also excluded from the study. The functional unit of the virgin oil subsystem is one ton of virgin tea oil. In the tea oil production system, there will be a certain proportion of loss in the process of storage, transportation, shelling, and production of tea oil kernels, which needs to be set according to actual production conditions. The boundary of the virgin oil pressing subsystem is defined as the area from the forest gate to the oil pressing plant gate, which includes all direct and indirect inputs (electricity, chemicals, water, materials and labor) and outputs (CO2; SO2; NO x ;COD;P;NH 4 + ).

[0130] The tea oil production process covers two subsystems, afforestation and primary oil pressing, and involves a series of resource allocation issues. The input items include energy, fertilizers, chemicals, materials, products and transportation. The allocation process is the basis for constructing a full life cycle inventory of tea oil production. In tea oil production, a large number of mechanical equipment are involved, consuming a variety of energy sources including electricity and fuel. This study also includes carbon emissions from artificial use in energy use. The use and allocation of energy have an important impact on the calculation of the energy carbon footprint of tea oil production. The second is the allocation of fertilizers and chemicals. Throughout the production process, the use of fertilizers and chemicals plays an important role in improving soil fertility, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, and increasing yield and quality. Whether it is chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers, their production and application processes will generate a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The subsequent material allocation issues, including forestry production materials such as ground cloth and plastic film, require refined and reasonable allocation and management records to calculate the carbon footprint of tea oil production materials. Finally, there is the issue of transportation allocation. In the entire production process, the transportation of materials occupies an important position. Its high-efficiency and low-cost transportation require reasonable planning and coordination. The transportation carbon footprint is also an important component of the carbon footprint of the entire life cycle of tea oil production.

[0131] In step (c), the calculation method includes: the sum of the environmental costs of all production subsystems, all production links, and all input-output activities during the tea oil production period, and converted into total CO2e emissions or unit functional unit emissions, that is:

[0132] ;

[0133] Where, E is the greenhouse gas emissions of functional unit j (kgCO2e);

[0134] G i is the activity usage data of input i (kg; KWh; m 3 )

[0135] EF ij is the emission factor of input i for greenhouse gas j (kgCO2e / kg)

[0136] ;

[0137] Among them, CF is the carbon footprint of the functional unit (kgCO2e);

[0138] E j is the greenhouse gas emissions of functional unit j (kgCO2e);

[0139] GWP j The global warming potential is the coefficient that relates the impact of a unit mass of a greenhouse gas at a given internal radiation intensity to the impact of an equal amount of CO2 radiation. It is characterized by: The global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much infrared thermal radiation a greenhouse gas absorbs after being released into the atmosphere within a specific time frame, relative to the radiation absorbed by the same mass of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is calculated by multiplying the GWP by the mass of other gases. It is based on the 100-year time frame of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, and is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O (Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change 2007). This impact assessment is limited to the three main greenhouse gas emissions: CO2, CH4 and N2O, because this study only assesses greenhouse gas emissions.

[0140] For each sub-stage, process and link, the carbon footprint of different inputs is calculated separately, including on-site energy, fertilizers, chemicals, materials, transportation and waste treatment:

[0141] For on-site energy use, there is Formula 3:

[0142] ;

[0143] Among them, E EneCO2 emissions corresponding to the energy used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0144] E Elec CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0145] E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0146] E Lab CO2 emissions corresponding to the manpower used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0147] Electricity usage: Electricity usage is taken from the daily electricity usage of the national grid and the internal records of the production units. Electricity is consumed in all production stages of tea oil production, but it is impossible to distinguish the electricity used in each activity, including seed cold storage, irrigation equipment, electric forklifts, peeling equipment, irrigation equipment, industrial air conditioning, electricity consumed for product preservation, office equipment and industrial plant lighting, optimal temperature, etc. There is formula 4:

[0148] ;

[0149] Among them, E Elec CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0150] G Elec The amount of electricity used for the functional unit (KWh);

[0151] EF Elec is the emission factor for electricity production (kgCO2 / KWh);

[0152] Fuel usage: including diesel and gasoline consumed by all production site machines and equipment, as shown in Formula 5:

[0153] ;

[0154] Among them, E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0155] Uma is the fuel consumption of machine m per unit time, in liters per hour (L / h);

[0156] ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m;

[0157] T m is the working time of machine m, in hours (h);

[0158] EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a, in kgCO2e / KJ;

[0159] Qa is the average lower calorific value of fuel a, expressed in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L).

[0160] Human resource use: The human resource consumption is determined based on the forest management records and the oil mill work records. Formula 6 is used:

[0161] ;

[0162] Where P is the number of workers;

[0163] D is the total working days;

[0164] EF Lab Calculated by the energy method, the unit is kilogram carbon dioxide equivalent / (person·day) (kgCO2 / (person·day)).

[0165] Fertilizer use: including fertilizers used in tea oil production and tea oil fruit production, there is formula 7:

[0166] ;

[0167] Among them, E fer CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of fertilizers in the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0168] A x is the application area of ​​fertilizer x, in hectares (km 2 );

[0169] M x The amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time, in kg / ha / time;

[0170] f x is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x, in times;

[0171] EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fertilizer x, in (kgCO2e / kg);

[0172] Chemical use: including pesticide spraying, herbicide use, disinfectant use and production use, there is formula 8:

[0173] ;

[0174] Among them, E cha CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of chemicals in the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0175] ADx is the usage activity data of chemical x, in kg;

[0176] EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor of chemical x, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0177] Material usage: including forestry consumables and tea oil production consumables, there is formula 9:

[0178] ;

[0179] Among them, E mat CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used in the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0180] AD x is the usage activity data of material x, in kg;

[0181] EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by material x, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0182] Transportation: including the transportation of upstream raw materials to the production site and the transportation of production products to the next system, as shown in Formula 10:

[0183] ;

[0184] Among them, E T CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0185] G T is the weight of the transport functional unit (t);

[0186] G T is the functional unit transport distance (km);

[0187] EF T Emission factor for transport production (kgCO2e / (t·km))

[0188] Waste treatment: Select appropriate emission factors for calculation according to different treatment methods, as shown in Formula 11:

[0189] ;

[0190] Among them, E Was for the carbon footprint of waste treatment;

[0191] L p Proportion of landfill disposal;

[0192] I p Proportion of incineration;

[0193] W i is the mass of waste i;

[0194] EF L is the emission factor for waste landfill, EF P Emission factors for incineration and landfill disposal.

[0195] In step (e), carbon emission accounting models are constructed for the two subsystems of forest construction and virgin oil extraction, and carbon footprint accounting is performed:

[0196] The carbon footprint of the afforestation subsystem refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in all production processes of the afforestation subsystem, as shown in Formula 12:

[0197] ;

[0198] Among them, E forest is the carbon footprint of the afforestation subsystem, and W1 is the loss rate of the afforestation subsystem.

[0199] The carbon footprint of the virgin oil subsystem refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in all production processes of the virgin oil subsystem, as shown in Formula 13:

[0200] ;

[0201] Among them, E oil is the carbon footprint of the virgin oil subsystem, and W2 is the loss rate of the virgin oil subsystem.

[0202] For tea oil, its product carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in the production of one ton of virgin camellia oil (i.e. one functional unit, FU) during the tea oil production process, as shown in Formula 14:

[0203] ;

[0204] Among them, E FU is the carbon footprint of a single functional unit;

[0205] E total is the total carbon footprint of the tea oil production process;

[0206] Furthermore, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are conducted to analyze the emission proportion and data quality. The activity data that has an important impact on the carbon footprint accounting of tea oil production is counted to understand their interactions and comprehensive impact on the carbon footprint, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0207] Identify the factors of change: Identify the key factors of change that may affect the carbon footprint;

[0208] Design the experimental plan: select the orthogonal experimental design; determine the activity data and carbon emission factors: collect the activity data involved in each link and stage, and establish a carbon emission factor library;

[0209] Run the experiment: According to the experimental plan, experiment with different levels of each variable and record them;

[0210] Analyze the results: Use statistical analysis methods to evaluate the impact of each variable on the carbon footprint;

[0211] Interpret the results: explain how each variable affects the carbon footprint;

[0212] Draw conclusions: Based on statistical analysis and interpretation of results, determine which factors have a significant impact on carbon footprint and propose optimization measures and management strategies.

[0213] Since there is carbon sequestration in the system output, carbon budget balance needs to be considered, including the following steps:

[0214] Assessing carbon sequestration: Experimentally determining the amount of carbon sequestered in a system or activity, including carbon sequestration through activities such as afforestation, forest management, and soil carbon sequestration;

[0215] Calculate net carbon emissions: Subtract carbon absorption from carbon emissions to calculate the net carbon emissions of the system or activity. If the net carbon emissions is a negative number, it means that the carbon sequestration process exceeds the carbon emissions, that is, the system or activity is a net carbon absorption;

[0216] Develop emission reduction and carbon sequestration measures: If net carbon emissions are large, emission reduction measures need to be taken to reduce carbon emissions, and carbon sequestration measures need to be promoted to increase carbon absorption;

[0217] Achieve carbon balance: Through the implementation of emission reduction and carbon sequestration measures, net carbon emissions can be brought close to zero, achieving carbon balance or carbon neutrality;

[0218] Monitoring and tracking: Continuously monitor carbon emissions and carbon sequestration to ensure the effectiveness of emission reduction and carbon sequestration measures, and adjust strategies in a timely manner to achieve long-term carbon balance.

[0219] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating carbon footprint in tea oil production process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) Divide the subsystems within the life cycle of tea oil production process and determine the system boundaries, functional units and trade-off criteria of carbon footprint; (b) Based on the production information of tea oil production process, determine the carbon emission inventory of each subsystem, analyze the carbon emission inventory of tea oil product production process during its life cycle, and determine the input and output inventory of each stage; (c) Determine the calculation methods, allocation procedures, data requirements and emission factors within each subsystem; The calculation method includes: the total CO2e emissions within the life cycle of tea oil production process: ； Where E is the greenhouse gas emissions of functional unit j; G i Activity usage data for input i; EF ij is the emission factor of input i for greenhouse gas j; ； Among them, CF is the carbon footprint of the functional unit; E j is the greenhouse gas emissions of functional unit j; GWP j is the global warming potential; (d) Conduct experiments to achieve a carbon balance that takes into account and continuously monitors and tracks carbon emissions and carbon sequestration; (e) The carbon emission accounting model was constructed using the emission factor method, and the carbon footprint of the tea oil production process was obtained using the carbon emission accounting models of each subsystem; (f) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality; In step (e), carbon emission accounting models are constructed for the two subsystems of forest construction and virgin oil extraction, and carbon footprint accounting is performed: The carbon footprint of the afforestation subsystem includes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in all production processes in the afforestation subsystem: ； Among them, E forest is the carbon footprint of the afforestation subsystem, W1 is the loss rate of the afforestation subsystem; E Ene E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the energy used by the functional unit; cha E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of chemicals in functional units; mat E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used in the functional unit; T E is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; Was is the carbon footprint of the waste treatment process; fer CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of fertilizers for functional units; The carbon footprint of the virgin oil subsystem includes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in all production processes in the virgin oil subsystem: ； Among them, E oil is the carbon footprint of the virgin oil subsystem, and W2 is the loss rate of the virgin oil subsystem; For camellia oil, its product carbon footprint includes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in the production of one ton of virgin camellia oil: ； Among them, E FU is the carbon footprint of a single functional unit; E total is the total carbon footprint of the tea oil production process.

2. The method for calculating carbon footprint of tea oil production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (a), the system boundary includes: all processes in the life cycle of tea oil production from tea planting to virgin oil output, including the afforestation subsystem from cradle to forest gate, and the virgin oil subsystem from forest gate to oil mill gate; The afforestation subsystem includes the production process of fresh oil-tea fruit from cradle to forest gate, including: preparation and planting, young forest cultivation, mature forest management and oil-tea fruit harvesting; The primary oil pressing subsystem includes the tea oil production process from the forest gate to the oil press factory gate, including: pretreatment, tea oil extraction and tea oil refining.

3. The method for calculating carbon footprint of tea oil production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: For the afforestation subsystem, the goal is to generate a detailed inventory of tea oil forest operations in tea oil production, which will be used for tea oil product carbon footprint accounting and economic forest life cycle greenhouse gas assessment; the assessment scope includes cradle to forest gate, including: material and chemical inputs from the forest and its suppliers, electricity and fuel use, labor, and transportation of inputs and products, excluding the production of capital equipment and facilities used for forest management operations; The functional unit of the afforestation subsystem is one kilogram of fresh camellia oleifera fruit; The system boundary of the afforestation subsystem is from the nursery gate to the forest gate, which includes all direct and indirect inputs and outputs of raw material collection, land preparation, oil-tea plantation management, and oil-tea fruit collection.

4. The method for calculating carbon footprint of tea oil production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: For the virgin oil subsystem, the goal is to generate a detailed inventory of mill operations in tea oil production, which will be used for tea oil product carbon footprint accounting and economic forest product life cycle greenhouse gas assessment; the assessment scope includes forest gate to mill gate, including material and chemical inputs, electricity use, and transportation of inputs and products to the mill and its suppliers; The functional unit of the virgin oil subsystem is one ton of virgin tea oil; The system boundary of the virgin oil subsystem is from the forest gate to the oil mill gate, which includes all direct and indirect inputs and outputs of raw material transportation, pretreatment, tea oil extraction, and tea oil refining.

5. The method for calculating carbon footprint of tea oil production process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: For each sub-stage, process and link, the carbon footprint of different inputs is calculated separately, including on-site energy, fertilizers, chemicals, materials, transportation and waste treatment: Onsite energy use: ； Among them, E Ene The CO2 emissions corresponding to the energy used by the functional unit; E Elec The CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit; E Lab CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of manpower by functional units; Power Usage: ； Among them, E Elec The CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; G Elec Use power for functional units; EF Elec is the emission factor for electricity production; Fuel usage: ； Among them, E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit; Uma is the fuel a consumption per unit time of machine m; ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; T m is the working time of machine m; EF a is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a; Qa is the average low calorific value of fuel a; Manpower Use: ； Where P is the number of workers; D is the total working days; EF Lab Calculated by energy method; Fertilizer use: ； Among them, E fer CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of fertilizers for functional units; A x is the application area of ​​fertilizer x; M x The amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time; f x is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x; EF x The greenhouse gas emission factor for fertilizer x; Chemicals used: ； Among them, E cha CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of chemicals in functional units; AD x The usage activity data of chemical x; EF x greenhouse gas emission factor for chemical x; Materials used: ； Among them, E mat CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used in the functional units; AD x Data on usage activities of material x; EF x The greenhouse gas emission factor for material x; transportation: ； Among them, E T The CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; G T The weight of the transport functional unit; G T is the transport distance of the functional unit; EF T Produce emission factors for transportation; Waste Disposal: ； Among them, E Was for the carbon footprint of waste treatment; L p Proportion of landfill disposal; I p Proportion of incineration; W i is the mass of waste i; EF L is the emission factor for waste landfill, EF P Emission factors for incineration and landfill.

6. The method for calculating carbon footprint of tea oil production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (f) conducts uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze the emission proportion and data quality, including: determining the factors of change, designing the experimental plan, determining the activity data and carbon emission factors, running the experiment, analyzing the results, interpreting the results, and drawing conclusions.

7. The method for calculating carbon footprint of tea oil production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: When considering carbon balance, it includes: evaluating carbon absorption, calculating net carbon emissions, formulating emission reduction and carbon sequestration measures, achieving carbon balance, monitoring and tracking.

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