Machining method and machining device for end face spline
By using a 15° riveting machine and a special rotating head in the processing of hub bearings and using a swing rolling method to rivet, the deformation, noise and life problems of larger thickness products are solved by traditional spinning methods, and the deformation, noise and life of products are achieved. More efficient and larger processing effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411385303.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
AI Technical Summary
The assembly of internal and external splines of traditional wheel hub bearings is difficult, high manufacturing cost, poor reliability, and the limitation of maximum spinning wall thickness leads to large deformation, high noise, high vibration when processing products with larger thicknesses, and short service life of rotary rivet heads.
Using a 15° riveting machine, a specially made pre-rotating head and end-face spline spinning head, local pressurized rivet is carried out through swinging method, instead of the traditional 5° winding spinning, increasing the thickness and height of the rotating rivet wall. Improve processing range and efficiency.
It achieves smaller impact force and noise, extends the life of the rotary rivet head, improves production efficiency, and expands the machining range, reduces the current deformation by half, and increases the life of the rotary rivet head by more than three times.
Smart Images
Figure CN119098739A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of automobile wheel hubs, and in particular to a processing method and a processing device for an end face spline. Background Art
[0002] Wheel hub bearings are automotive parts that carry weight and provide precise guidance for the rotation of the wheel hub. With the rapid development of the automotive industry, traditional wheel hub bearings are gradually being eliminated due to the difficulty of assembling internal and external splines, high manufacturing costs, poor reliability, low torque transmission efficiency, and abnormal driving noise. At present, there is an urgent need for a new wheel hub bearing unit structure with a rational assembly process, lightweight and miniaturized. In the prior art, the end face spline adopts 5° winding type spinning. The working principle is that the motor transmits the motion to the upper spindle through the coupling when the riveting machine works. At the same time, the hydraulic system drives the piston together with the upper spindle to press downward. When the rivet head contacts the wheel hub bearing riveting part, the rivet head actively revolves around the center line of the wheel hub bearing (i.e. the center line of the spindle), and the rivet rotates under the action of the tangential force, thereby forming a non-slip rotary riveting press. However, the maximum wall thickness of such spinning cannot exceed 6mm. When processing products with larger thickness, the large deformation will cause large impact force, large noise, large vibration, and short service life of the rivet head. Summary of the invention
[0003] The present invention is intended to provide a method for processing end face splines to solve the problems that the maximum wall thickness of the existing spinning technology cannot exceed 6mm, and when processing products with larger thickness, the large deformation will cause large impact force, large noise, large vibration, and short service life of the rivet head.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for processing an end face spline, comprising the following steps:
[0005] A. Assemble the wheel hub bearing unit, install the outer seal, outer ring, outer steel ball and cage, inner steel ball and cage, small inner ring and inner seal on the flange inner ring in sequence, keep the inner ring of the outer flange of the small inner ring uncurled, place the wheel hub bearing unit on the base of the riveting machine, position the wheel hub bearing radially and axially, and press the outer ring fixing surface with the outer ring fixing device;
[0006] B. Use a 15° riveting machine and install a pre-spinning head in the upper spindle to pre-spin the inner ring of the flange outside the small inner ring, so that the end of the inner ring of the flange is continuously locally pressurized to deform it into a curling edge to fix the small inner ring axially and control the thickness and width of the curling edge;
[0007] C. Use a 15° riveting machine and install an end spline spinning head in the upper spindle to perform swing riveting on the curled edge, so that the curled edge is continuously locally pressurized and deformed into end face spline teeth.
[0008] Preferably, as an improvement, the pre-spinning head used in step B is manufactured by the following process: first blanking, then annealing, then free horizontal forging, then rough turning, drilling the center hole, milling the flat square, then salt bath quenching to a hardness of 62-66HRC, and then tempering 3 times to a hardness of HRC58-63, the tempering temperature is 500°C, and the heat preservation is performed for 1 hour, and then the outer circle is ground, and then the rivet shape is machined, and finally the mirror polishing is performed. The rivet surface roughness of the obtained pre-spinning head is 0.04.
[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the end spline spinning head used in step C is made by the following process: first blanking, then annealing, then free horizontal forging, then rough turning, drilling center holes, milling flat squares, rough machining teeth on a five-axis machining center, then salt bath quenching to a hardness of 62-66HRC, and then tempering 3 times to a hardness of HRC58-63, the tempering temperature is 500°C, kept warm for 1 hour, and then the outer circle and positioning surface are ground, and then the teeth are finely machined on a five-axis machining center, and then mirror polished, and finally the tooth shape is 3D scanned and detected. The spline tooth surface roughness of the obtained end spline spinning head is 0.04, and the tooth surface accuracy is ±0.01.
[0010] The present invention also provides a processing device for end face splines, which is used to implement the above-mentioned end face spline processing method, including a rotary riveting machine, a pre-spinning head, an end face spline spinning head and an outer ring fixing device. The rotary riveting machine includes a lower spindle and an upper spindle. The lower spindle is vertically arranged. The bottom end of the lower spindle is connected to a motor through a synchronous belt mechanism. A cylindrical base is fixed to the top end of the lower spindle. The base is used to support and place the wheel hub bearing unit. The top surface of the base performs axial positioning on the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing flange, and the inner hole wall of the base performs radial positioning on the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing flange.
[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, the angle between the axis of the upper spindle and the axis of the lower spindle is 15°, the upper spindle can be lifted and lowered vertically, the upper spindle core shaft is coaxially connected to the upper spindle, and one of the pre-spinning head and the end spline spinning head is detachably connected to the bottom end of the upper spindle core shaft.
[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the outer ring fixing device includes a pressing plate and a U-shaped connecting plate, a through hole is opened in the middle of the pressing plate, a plurality of columns are connected between the pressing plate and the U-shaped connecting plate, compression springs are sleeved on the columns, the pressing plate is pressed on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit from top to bottom, and the upper main shaft passes through the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped connecting plate so that the pre-spinning head or the end spline spinning head can curl the hub bearing unit or spin the end spline.
[0013] The principle and advantages of this solution are: in actual application, by adopting a spinning angle of 15°, the flange inner ring journal end is riveted and curled by a swing rolling method, and the end face spline teeth are riveted, replacing the traditional winding 5° spinning. The characteristics of swing rolling spinning are continuous local pressure deformation, small contact area between the mold and the part, labor saving, small product volume, and the current deformation volume is 1 / 2 of the original solution. The impact force is small, the noise and vibration are small, the production efficiency is high, and the life of the rivet head is more than 3 times that of the original solution. In addition, when the spinning angle is 15° and the rivet is riveted by a swing rolling method, the rivet wall thickness S can be increased to 8mm, while the maximum wall thickness of the conventional 5° winding rivet cannot be greater than 6mm. The rivet height h of the technical solution of this application can be increased to 13mm, while the maximum height of the conventional 5° winding rivet cannot be greater than 6mm. It can be seen that the technical solution of the present invention can be processed in a wider range.
[0014] During the processing, the hub bearing unit to be riveted is first placed on the base to position the hub bearing radially and axially. The outer ring fixing device presses the outer ring fixing surface, and the pre-spinning head is installed in the upper spindle. When the upper spindle device moves downward, the pressure plate plane of the outer ring fixing device presses the flange of the outer ring of the hub bearing. The clearance between the pressure plate center hole of the outer ring fixing device and the outer circle of the stopper of the outer ring of the hub bearing plays a radial positioning role for the hub bearing to ensure the radial and axial runout tolerance requirements between the end face spline teeth and the center line of the hub bearing. The upper spindle device moves downward, and the hub bearing is pre-spinned by the pre-spinning head. After the motor is started, the motor output power is transmitted to the synchronous pulley through the synchronous belt. The synchronous pulley drives the lower spindle core shaft and the base to rotate through the single-key key bar. The lower spindle core shaft and the lower spindle outer sleeve are supported by a flat thrust bearing and a double-row angular contact ball bearing. The inner ring assembly of the hub bearing rotates with the base and the lower spindle core shaft. When the upper spindle (which has been tilted 15 degrees) moves downward and contacts the part of the hub bearing to be riveted, it is passively rotated, thereby forming the action required for swing riveting.
[0015] The shape of the pre-swivel rivet head makes the pre-rivet curling of the wheel hub bearing meet the size requirements of the product drawing. The free forging, salt bath quenching and high temperature tempering process of the pre-swivel rivet head improves the material properties of the pre-swivel rivet head to ensure and increase the service life of the pre-swivel rivet head. The mirror polishing process of the rivet part of the pre-rivet head is designed to improve the surface quality of the product.
[0016] The appearance design of the face spline rivet head ensures that the face spline parameters of the wheel hub bearing after riveting meet the requirements of the product drawing. The mirror polishing process of the face spline teeth of the face spline rivet head is to improve the surface quality of the product face spline teeth, and the cutting angle of the face spline rivet head corresponds to the tooth cone angle of the product face spline. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1 of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-spinning head and the end face spline spinning head in Example 1 of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a state diagram of step A in Example 2 of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a state diagram of step C in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
[0022] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: lower spindle core shaft 1, base 2, pressure plate 3, pre-spinning head 4, U-shaped connecting plate 5, upper spindle 6, column 7, compression spring 8, lower spindle sleeve 9, worktable 10, synchronous pulley 11, hub bearing unit 12, end spline spinning head 13, upper spindle core shaft 14.
[0023] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a processing device for end face splines includes a riveting machine, a pre-spinning head 4, an end face spline spinning head 13 and an outer ring fixing device. The riveting machine includes a lower spindle and an upper spindle 6. The lower spindle is vertically arranged. The lower spindle includes a lower spindle sleeve 9 and a lower spindle core shaft 1 rotatable in the lower spindle sleeve 9 supported by a bearing. The lower spindle sleeve 9 is installed on a workbench 10 by bolts. The bottom end of the lower spindle core shaft 1 is connected to a motor by a key-connected synchronous pulley 11 combined with a synchronous belt. The top end of the lower spindle core shaft 1 is bolted with a cylindrical base 2, and the base 2 is used to support and place a hub bearing unit 12. The top surface of the base 2 is axially positioned for the inner ring of the hub bearing flange, and the inner hole wall of the base 2 is radially positioned for the inner ring of the hub bearing flange.
[0024] The angle between the axis of the upper spindle 6 and the axis of the lower spindle is 15°. The upper spindle 6 can be lifted and lowered vertically. The upper spindle 6 includes an upper spindle 6 sleeve and an upper spindle core shaft 14 rotatable in the upper spindle 6 sleeve supported by a bearing. The upper spindle core shaft 14 is coaxially arranged with the upper spindle 6 sleeve. A groove is provided at the bottom end of the upper spindle core shaft 14, and a threaded connection hole is provided in the middle of the groove. The pre-spinning head 4 and one of the end face spline spinning heads 13 are detachably connected to the bottom end of the upper spindle core shaft 14 by a hexagon socket bolt.
[0025] The outer ring fixing device includes a pressing plate 3 and a U-shaped connecting plate 5. A through hole is opened in the middle of the pressing plate 3. A plurality of columns 7 are connected between the pressing plate 3 and the U-shaped connecting plate 5. A compression spring 8 is sleeved on the column 7 and is located between the pressing plate 3 and the U-shaped connecting plate 5. The pressing plate 3 is pressed on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit 12 from top to bottom. The bottom plane of the pressing plate 3 presses the flange of the outer ring of the hub bearing. The through hole in the middle of the pressing plate 3 and the outer circle clearance of the stop of the outer ring of the hub bearing are matched, which plays a radial positioning role for the hub bearing to ensure the radial and axial runout tolerance requirements of the end face spline teeth and the center line of the hub bearing. The upper spindle 6 passes through the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped connecting plate 5 so that the pre-spinning head 4 or the end face spline spinning head 13 can curl or spin the end face spline of the hub bearing unit 12.
[0026] Embodiment 2, a method for processing an end face spline, implemented by the end face spline processing device of embodiment 1, comprises the following steps:
[0027] A. Figure 3 As shown, the hub bearing unit 12 is assembled, and the outer seal, outer ring, outer steel ball and retainer, inner steel ball and retainer, small inner ring and inner seal are installed on the inner ring of the flange in sequence. The inner ring of the outer flange of the small inner ring remains uncurled. The hub bearing unit 12 is placed on the base 2 at the top of the spindle core shaft 1 of the riveting machine, and the hub bearing is positioned radially and axially. The outer ring fixing device is pressed from top to bottom on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit 12. The bottom plane of the pressing plate 3 presses the flange of the outer ring of the hub bearing. The through hole in the middle of the pressing plate 3 is matched with the outer circle clearance of the stopper of the outer ring of the hub bearing, which plays a radial positioning role for the hub bearing.
[0028] B. Use a 15° riveting machine, install a pre-spinning head 4 at the bottom end of the upper spindle mandrel 14 to perform swing rolling and curling pre-spinning on the inner ring of the outer flange of the small inner ring, so that the end of the inner ring of the flange is continuously locally pressurized to deform it into a curling to fix the small inner ring axially, and control the thickness and width of the curling; the pre-spinning head 4 is manufactured by the following process: first blanking, then annealing, then free horizontal forging, then rough turning, drilling the center hole, milling the flat square, then salt bath quenching to a hardness of 62-66HRC, then tempering 3 times to a hardness of HRC58-63, the tempering temperature is 500℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 hour, then the outer circle is ground, and then the riveting shape is machined, and finally the mirror polishing is performed. The riveting surface roughness of the obtained pre-spinning head 4 is 0.04;
[0029] C. Figure 4As shown, a 15° riveting machine is used, and an end tooth spline spinning head is installed at the bottom of the upper spindle core shaft 14 to perform swing riveting on the curled edge, so that the curled edge is continuously locally pressurized and deformed into an end face spline tooth; the end face spline spinning head 13 is manufactured by the following process: first blanking, then annealing, then free horizontal forging, then rough turning, drilling center holes, milling flat squares, and rough machining of teeth on a five-axis machining center, then salt bath quenching to a hardness of 62-66HRC, and then tempering 3 times to a hardness of HRC58-63, the tempering temperature is 500℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 hour, and then the outer circle and positioning surface are ground, and then the teeth are finely machined on a five-axis machining center, and then mirror polishing is performed, and finally the tooth shape is 3D scanned and detected. The spline tooth surface roughness of the obtained end face spline spinning head 13 is 0.04, and the tooth surface accuracy is ±0.01.
[0030] By adopting a spinning angle of 15°, the flange inner ring journal end is riveted and curled by a swing rolling method, and the end face spline teeth are riveted, replacing the traditional winding 5° spinning. The characteristics of swing rolling spinning are continuous local pressure deformation, small contact area between the mold and the part, labor saving, small product volume, and the current deformation volume is 1 / 2 of the original solution. The impact force is small, the noise and vibration are small, the production efficiency is high, and the life of the rivet head is more than 3 times that of the original solution. In addition, with a spinning angle of 15° and swing rolling, the rivet wall thickness S can be thickened to 8mm, while the maximum wall thickness of conventional 5° winding rivets cannot be greater than 6mm. The rivet height h of the technical solution of this application can be increased to 13mm, while the maximum height of conventional 5° winding rivets cannot be greater than 6mm. It can be seen that the technical solution of the present invention can be processed in a wider range.
[0031] During the processing, the hub bearing unit 12 to be riveted is first placed on the base 2 to position the hub bearing radially and axially. The outer ring fixing device presses the outer ring fixing surface, and the pre-spinning head 4 is installed in the upper spindle 6. When the upper spindle 6 device moves downward, the pressure plate 3 of the outer ring fixing device presses the flange of the outer ring of the hub bearing. The clearance between the hole in the pressure plate 3 of the outer ring fixing device and the outer circle of the stopper of the outer ring of the hub bearing plays a radial positioning role for the hub bearing to ensure the radial and axial runout tolerance requirements between the end face spline teeth and the center line of the hub bearing. The upper spindle 6 device moves downward, and the pre-spinning head 4 performs pendulum rolling and pre-spinning on the hub bearing. After the motor is started, the motor output power is transmitted to the synchronous pulley 11 through the synchronous belt. The synchronous pulley 11 drives the lower spindle core shaft 1 and the base 2 to rotate through the single-key key bar. The lower spindle core shaft 1 and the lower spindle outer sleeve are supported by a plane thrust bearing and a double-row angular contact ball bearing. The inner ring assembly of the hub bearing rotates with the base 2 and the lower spindle core shaft 1. When the upper spindle 6 (which has been tilted 15 degrees) moves downward and contacts the part of the hub bearing to be riveted, it is passively rotated, thereby forming the action required for swing riveting.
[0032] The shape of the pre-swivel rivet head makes the pre-rivet curling of the wheel hub bearing meet the size requirements of the product drawing. The free forging, salt bath quenching and high temperature tempering process of the pre-swivel rivet head improves the material properties of the pre-swivel rivet head to ensure and increase the service life of the pre-swivel rivet head. The mirror polishing process of the rivet part of the pre-rivet head is designed to improve the surface quality of the product.
[0033] The appearance design of the face spline rivet head ensures that the face spline parameters of the wheel hub bearing after riveting meet the requirements of the product drawing. The mirror polishing process of the face spline teeth of the face spline rivet head is designed to improve the surface quality of the product face spline teeth.
[0034] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for processing end face splines, Features: The following steps are involved: A. Assemble the wheel hub bearing unit, install the outer seal, outer ring, outer steel ball and cage, inner steel ball and cage, small inner ring and inner seal on the flange inner ring in sequence, keep the inner ring of the outer flange of the small inner ring uncurled, place the wheel hub bearing unit on the base of the riveting machine, position the wheel hub bearing radially and axially, and press the outer ring fixing surface with the outer ring fixing device; B. Use a 15° riveting machine and install a pre-spinning head in the upper spindle to pre-spin the inner ring of the flange outside the small inner ring, so that the end of the inner ring of the flange is continuously locally pressurized to deform it into a curling edge to fix the small inner ring axially and control the thickness and width of the curling edge; C. Use a 15° riveting machine and install an end spline spinning head in the upper spindle to perform swing riveting on the curled edge, so that the curled edge is continuously locally pressurized and deformed into end face spline teeth.
2. A method for processing an end face spline according to claim 1, Features: The pre-spinning head used in step B is manufactured by the following process: first blanking, then annealing, then free horizontal forging, then rough turning, drilling the center hole, milling the flat square, then salt bath quenching to a hardness of 62-66HRC, and then tempering 3 times to a hardness of HRC58-63, the tempering temperature is 500°C, and the heat preservation is performed for 1 hour, and then the outer circle is ground, and then the rivet shape is machined, and finally the mirror polishing is performed. The rivet surface roughness of the obtained pre-spinning head is 0.
04.
3. A method for processing an end face spline according to claim 2, Features: The end spline spinning head used in step C is made by the following process: first blanking, then annealing, then free horizontal forging, then rough turning, drilling center holes, milling flat squares, rough machining teeth on a five-axis machining center, then salt bath quenching to a hardness of 62-66HRC, and then tempering 3 times to a hardness of HRC58-63, the tempering temperature is 500°C, and the heat preservation is performed for 1 hour, and then the outer circle and positioning surface are ground, and then the teeth are finely machined in a five-axis machining center, and then mirror polishing is performed, and finally the tooth shape is 3D scanned and detected. The spline tooth surface roughness of the obtained end spline spinning head is 0.04, and the tooth surface accuracy is ±0.
01.
4. A processing device for end face splines, used in the processing method for end face splines according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: It includes a rotary riveting machine, a pre-spinning head, an end spline spinning head and an outer ring fixing device. The rotary riveting machine includes a lower spindle and an upper spindle. The lower spindle is vertically arranged. The bottom end of the lower spindle is connected to a motor through a synchronous belt mechanism. A cylindrical base is fixed to the top end of the lower spindle. The base is used to support and place the wheel hub bearing unit. The top surface of the base performs axial positioning on the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing flange, and the inner hole wall of the base performs radial positioning on the inner ring of the wheel hub bearing flange.
5. A processing device for end face splines according to claim 4, Features: The angle between the axis of the upper spindle and the axis of the lower spindle is 15°. The upper spindle can be lifted and lowered vertically. The upper spindle core shaft is coaxially connected to the upper spindle. One of the pre-spinning head and the end spline spinning head is detachably connected to the bottom end of the upper spindle core shaft.
6. A processing device for end face splines according to claim 5, Features: The outer ring fixing device includes a pressing plate and a U-shaped connecting plate. A through hole is opened in the middle of the pressing plate. A plurality of columns are connected between the pressing plate and the U-shaped connecting plate. Compression springs are sleeved on the columns. The pressing plate is pressed on the outer ring of the hub bearing unit from top to bottom. The upper spindle passes through the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped connecting plate so that the pre-spinning head or the end face spline spinning head can curl the hub bearing unit or spin the end face spline.