Power generation system based on Brayton cycle and ship

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power systems, and provides a power generation system based on Brayton cycle and a ship. The power generation system based on the Brayton cycle comprises a molten salt reactor, a first heat pipe, a second heat pipe, a first Brayton cycle system and a second Brayton cycle system, wherein the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe are respectively connected with the molten salt reactor; the first Brayton cycle system is connected with the molten salt reactor through a first heat pipe, the second Brayton cycle system is connected with the molten salt reactor through a second heat pipe, and heat energy is transmitted to the first Brayton cycle system and / or the second Brayton cycle system to be converted into electric energy. The two Brayton cycle systems are arranged in parallel, heat energy is converted in the first Brayton cycle system and / or the second Brayton cycle system, and the power of each cycle system is reduced; when one Brayton cycle system breaks down, the other Brayton cycle system can operate normally, and the reliability of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power systems, and in particular to a power generation system and a ship based on a Brayton cycle. Background Art

[0002] Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), as an advanced nuclear fission reactor technology, has attracted widespread attention for its unique safety and high efficiency. The nuclear power system of high-temperature molten salt reactor coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle can meet the requirements of marine ship power system. However, the existing power generation system based on Brayton cycle has a complex structure and low system reliability. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a power generation system based on a Brayton cycle and a ship, which are used to solve the problems of a power generation system based on a Brayton cycle in the prior art, which has a complex structure and low reliability.

[0004] The present invention provides a power generation system based on a Brayton cycle, comprising: a molten salt reactor; a first heat pipe and a second heat pipe, wherein the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe are respectively connected to the molten salt reactor; a first Brayton cycle system and a second Brayton cycle system, wherein the first Brayton cycle system is connected to the molten salt reactor through the first heat pipe, and the second Brayton system is connected to the molten salt reactor through the second heat pipe, and heat energy is transferred to the first Brayton cycle system and / or the second Brayton cycle system and converted into electrical energy.

[0005] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the first Brayton cycle system and the second Brayton cycle system are arranged on opposite sides of the molten salt reactor, and the first heat pipe is parallel to the second heat pipe.

[0006] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the first Brayton cycle system and the second Brayton cycle system both include an intermediate heat exchanger, the intermediate heat exchanger is connected to the first heat pipe or the second heat pipe, and the first heat pipe and / or the second heat pipe are used to transfer heat energy to the intermediate heat exchanger.

[0007] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the first Brayton cycle system and the second Brayton cycle system also include: a turbine, a regenerator, a cooler, a compressor and a motor; the turbine is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger; the rotating shaft of the turbine is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor, and the motor is used to supply power to the device to be powered; the regenerator is provided with a first pipeline and a second pipeline, and the air outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the turbine, the first pipeline, the cooler, the second pipeline and the air inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger are connected in sequence.

[0008] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the rotating shaft of the compressor is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor.

[0009] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the rotating shaft of the compressor is connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine.

[0010] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the turbine, the motor and the compressor are an integrated unit.

[0011] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the regenerator includes a heat exchange element, and the heat exchange element is arranged between the first pipeline and the second pipeline.

[0012] According to a Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided by the present invention, the intermediate heat exchanger includes a shell and tube heat exchanger.

[0013] The present invention also provides a ship, comprising a power generation system based on the Brayton cycle as described in any one of the above items.

[0014] The Brayton cycle-based power generation system and ship provided by the present invention transfer the heat energy of the molten salt reactor to the Brayton cycle system through a heat pipe, thereby reducing the use of pump and valve equipment and reducing the noise of the system; by arranging two Brayton cycle systems in parallel, the heat energy is converted in the first Brayton cycle system and / or the second Brayton cycle system, thereby reducing the power of each cycle system; when one Brayton cycle system fails, the other Brayton cycle system can operate normally, thereby improving the reliability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1Schematic diagram of a power generation system based on a Brayton cycle provided by the present invention; Reference numerals: 1. Molten salt reactor; 2. First Brayton cycle system; 3. Second Brayton cycle system; 31. Intermediate heat exchanger; 32. Turbine; 33. Regenerator; 34. Cooler; 35. Compressor; 36. Motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples to implement different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the parts and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention can repeat reference numbers and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present invention provides various specific processes and examples of materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art can be aware of the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0023] Combine the following Figure 1 The Brayton cycle-based power generation system and ship of the present invention are described.

[0024] The Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a molten salt reactor 1, a first heat pipe, a second heat pipe, a first Brayton cycle system 2 and a second Brayton cycle system 3.

[0025] The molten salt reactor 1 is used to generate thermal energy. The molten salt reactor 1 uses liquid molten salt as fuel, which can provide an initial temperature of up to 700° C. Fluoride salt or chloride salt has a high boiling point, a large heat capacity, and good heat transfer characteristics.

[0026] The first heat pipe and the second heat pipe are respectively connected to the molten salt reactor 1, the first Brayton cycle system 2 is connected to the molten salt reactor 1 through the first heat pipe, and the second Brayton cycle system is connected to the molten salt reactor 1 through the second heat pipe, and the heat energy is transferred to the first Brayton cycle system 2 and / or the second Brayton cycle system 3 and converted into electrical energy.

[0027] Specifically, one end of the first heat pipe is connected to the molten salt reactor 1, and the other end of the first heat pipe is connected to the first Brayton cycle system 2. The first heat pipe can passively load the heat energy generated in the molten salt reactor 1 into the first Brayton cycle system 2, heat the working fluid in the first Brayton cycle system 2, and the heated working fluid converts heat energy into electrical energy in the first Brayton cycle system 2. Similarly, one end of the second heat pipe is connected to the molten salt reactor 1, and one end of the second heat pipe is connected to the second Brayton cycle system 3. The second heat pipe can heat the working fluid in the molten salt reactor 1 system, and the heated working fluid converts heat energy into electrical energy in the second Brayton cycle system 3.

[0028] Among them, the working fluid in the first Brayton cycle system 2 and the second Brayton cycle system 3 can be carbon dioxide, which is converted into supercritical carbon dioxide after absorbing heat, and the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is carried out in the first Brayton cycle system 2 and / or the second Brayton cycle system 3.

[0029] The Brayton cycle-based power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention transfers the heat energy of the molten salt reactor 1 to the Brayton cycle system through a heat pipe, thereby reducing the use of pump and valve equipment and reducing the noise of the system; by arranging two Brayton cycle systems in parallel, the heat energy is converted in the first Brayton cycle system 2 and / or the second Brayton cycle system 3, thereby reducing the power of each cycle system; when a Brayton cycle system fails, the other Brayton cycle system can operate normally, thereby improving the reliability of the system.

[0030] In the molten salt reactor, the heat pipe is arranged inside the molten salt reactor 1. One end absorbs the huge heat generated by the molten salt reactor 1, and the other end transfers the heat to the Brayton cycle system. This not only ensures the efficient transfer of heat, but also effectively prevents the high-temperature molten salt from being directly exposed to the external environment through physical isolation, thereby greatly enhancing the safety of the system.

[0031] Furthermore, the first Brayton cycle system 2 and the second Brayton cycle system 3 are disposed on opposite sides of the molten salt reactor 1, and the first heat pipe is parallel to the second heat pipe.

[0032] Specifically, the first Brayton cycle system 2 and the second Brayton cycle system 3 are arranged on both sides of the molten salt reactor 1 along the extension direction of the molten salt reactor 1. The first heat pipe is parallel to the second heat pipe, the first end of the first heat pipe is inserted into the molten salt reactor 1, the second end of the first heat pipe is located outside the first side of the molten salt reactor 1, and is connected to the first Brayton cycle system 2, and the heat energy in the molten salt reactor 1 is transferred to the first Brayton cycle system 2 via the first heat pipe. The first end of the second heat pipe is inserted into the molten salt reactor 1, the second end of the second heat pipe is located outside the second side of the molten salt reactor 1, and the second end of the second heat pipe is connected to the second Brayton cycle system 3, and the heat energy in the molten salt reactor 1 is transferred to the second Brayton cycle system 3 via the second heat pipe. It should be noted that the first side and the second side of the molten salt reactor 1 are arranged relatively along the extension direction of the molten salt reactor 1.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe are arranged in parallel, and the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe do not cross each other, so that the outer diameter of the molten salt reactor 1 can be effectively reduced, and a heat source with relatively high power can also be provided.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the first heat pipes may be multiple. The number of the second heat pipes may also be multiple. In one embodiment, the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe may be one heat pipe. Specifically, the heat pipe is inserted into the molten salt reactor 1, and the two ends of the heat pipe are located outside the molten salt reactor 1 and are respectively connected to the first Brayton cycle system 2 and the second Brayton cycle system 3. It should be noted that when one of the Brayton cycle systems fails, the other Brayton cycle system can still operate normally.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the first Brayton cycle system 2 and the second Brayton cycle system 3 both include an intermediate heat exchanger 31 , which is connected to a first heat pipe or a second heat pipe, and the first heat pipe and / or the second heat pipe are used to transfer heat to the intermediate heat exchanger 31 .

[0036] The first Brayton cycle system 2 and the second Brayton cycle system 3 also include: a turbine 32, a regenerator 33, a cooler 34, a compressor 35 and a motor 36; the turbine 32 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 31; the rotating shaft of the turbine 32 is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 36, and the rotation of the turbine 32 can drive the motor 36 to rotate synchronously to supply power to the equipment to be powered; the regenerator 33 is provided with a first pipeline and a second pipeline, and the air outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 31, the turbine 32, the first pipeline, the cooler 34, the second pipeline and the air inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 31 are connected in sequence.

[0037] The first heat pipe and / or the second heat pipe absorbs the heat energy of the molten salt reactor 1 and transfers it to the intermediate heat exchanger 31, providing a heat source for the working fluid in the intermediate heat exchanger 31, such as carbon dioxide; in the intermediate heat exchanger 31, the carbon dioxide absorbs heat to be heated to form supercritical carbon dioxide, that is, carbon dioxide in a high temperature and high pressure state; the supercritical carbon dioxide converts heat energy into electrical energy in the Brayton cycle system.

[0038] A turbine is a machine that converts the energy contained in a fluid medium into mechanical energy. Specifically, supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine 32 to perform work, and the temperature and pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide after the work is reduced. During the rotation of the turbine 32, the motor 36 rotates synchronously. The turbine 32 converts the heat energy of the intermediate heat exchanger 31 into mechanical energy, and transmits the mechanical energy to the motor 36. The motor 36 converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy to supply power to the equipment to be powered, such as a ship.

[0039] The supercritical carbon dioxide output by the turbine 32 passes through the first pipe (high-temperature pipe) of the regenerator 33, and is heat exchanged with the working fluid in the second pipe (low-temperature pipe), which can reduce the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide and improve the heat exchange efficiency. After the heat exchange, it enters the cooler 34 for further cooling and is cooled into low-temperature and low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide. The cooler 34 in the embodiment of the present invention can be arranged at the bottom of the ship for heat exchange with seawater. The cooled low-temperature and low-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the compressor 35 for compression and pressurization, and the pressurized carbon dioxide enters the second pipe (low-temperature pipe) to absorb the heat in the first pipe (high-temperature pipe), that is, the carbon dioxide in the second pipe is heated, and the heated carbon dioxide enters the intermediate heat exchanger 31 for reheating, and a new cycle begins.

[0040] The intermediate heat exchanger 31 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a shell and tube heat exchanger.

[0041] The regenerator 33 further includes a heat exchange element, which is disposed between the first pipeline and the second pipeline to accelerate heat exchange between the working fluid in the first pipeline and the working fluid in the second pipeline.

[0042] The rotating shaft of the compressor 35 in the embodiment of the present invention can be connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 36. When the turbine 32 rotates, the motor 36 rotates synchronously and drives the compressor 35 to rotate at the same time. The turbine 32, the motor 36 and the compressor 35 can be coaxially arranged. In one embodiment, the turbine 32, the motor 36 and the compressor 35 are an integrated unit. Furthermore, the power generation system based on the Brayton cycle also includes a sealing assembly, and the integrated unit is arranged in the sealing assembly.

[0043] In another embodiment, the rotating shaft of the compressor 35 may be connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine 32 . When the turbine 32 rotates, the compressor 35 rotates synchronously. The turbine 32 converts the thermal energy of the intermediate heat exchanger 31 into mechanical energy and transfers the mechanical energy to the compressor 35 .

[0044] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a ship, comprising a power generation system based on a Brayton cycle in any of the above embodiments.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power generation system based on a Brayton cycle, characterized in that: include: Molten salt reactor; a first heat pipe and a second heat pipe, wherein the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe are respectively connected to the molten salt reactor; A first Brayton cycle system and a second Brayton cycle system, wherein the first Brayton cycle system is connected to the molten salt reactor through the first heat pipe, and the second Brayton cycle system is connected to the molten salt reactor through the second heat pipe, and heat energy is transferred to the first Brayton cycle system and / or the second Brayton cycle system and converted into electrical energy.

2. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first Brayton cycle system and the second Brayton cycle system are arranged on opposite sides of the molten salt reactor, and the first heat pipe is parallel to the second heat pipe.

3. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first Brayton cycle system and the second Brayton cycle system both include an intermediate heat exchanger connected to the first heat pipe or the second heat pipe, and the first heat pipe and / or the second heat pipe are used to transfer heat energy to the intermediate heat exchanger.

4. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first Brayton cycle system and the second Brayton cycle system further include: a turbine, a regenerator, a cooler, a compressor and a motor; The turbine is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger; the rotating shaft of the turbine is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor, and the motor is used to supply power to the device to be powered; The regenerator is provided with a first pipeline and a second pipeline, and the air outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger, the turbine, the first pipeline, the cooler, the second pipeline and the air inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger are connected in sequence.

5. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating shaft of the compressor is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor.

6. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating shaft of the compressor is connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine.

7. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The turbine, the motor and the compressor form an integrated unit.

8. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The regenerator includes a heat exchange element, and the heat exchange element is arranged between the first pipeline and the second pipeline.

9. The Brayton cycle-based power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intermediate heat exchanger comprises a shell and tube heat exchanger.

10. A ship, characterized in that: A power generation system based on the Brayton cycle comprising the power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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