Columnar pear cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a columnar pear cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of columnar pear cultivation, the columnar pear cultivation method comprises the following steps: placing the root of a sapling in a tree pit, keeping the grafting part 5-8cm higher than the ground, then filling soil and watering, and sealing 2-3cm soil after the water permeates to dryness; after planting of the saplings is completed, the saplings are cut off 8-10 cm upwards from the grafting parts, and trunk fixing is completed; watering management, fertilization management, pest control management, pruning and shaping management, fruit thinning management and the like are carried out after trunk fixing of the saplings is completed. According to the high-yield cultivation method for the columnar pears, through the reasonable steps of watering management, fertilization management, pest control management and the like, the yield and quality of the columnar pears are remarkably improved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of columnar pear cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of columnar pears. Background Art

[0002] Columnar pear, scientifically known as Golden Autumn Honey Pear, is a new type of pear tree variety. It has large fruits, thin skin, fine flesh, and rich juice. It has a long fruiting period and is durable in storage, making it very suitable for promotion and planting. At the same time, columnar pears are rich in nutrients such as vitamins, dietary fiber, and sugars. Eating them in moderation can supplement nutrition. Therefore, as a pear tree variety with rich nutritional value, columnar pears have broad market prospects and development potential.

[0003] Columnar pears grow in a dwarfed manner, without long side branches, and can bear fruit on short branches. This characteristic allows the planting density of columnar pears to reach 5-6 times that of ordinary pear trees, thereby greatly increasing the yield. Its per-acre yield can reach 12,000-16,000 catties, making it the highest-yielding pear variety. However, the existing technology lacks a systematic cultivation method for columnar pears, so its yield and fruit quality need to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation method of columnar pears.

[0005] The present invention provides a cultivation method for columnar pears, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] Place the roots of the sapling in the pit, keep the grafting site 5-8cm above the ground, fill with soil and water, and seal with 2-3cm of soil after the water seeps dry;

[0007] After the saplings are planted, cut them 8-10cm above the grafting site to complete the trunk setting;

[0008] After the saplings have been fixed, watering management, fertilization management, pest and disease control management, pruning and shaping management, and fruit thinning management are carried out;

[0009] Wherein, the watering management includes: watering once 15 days before germination, and watering once every 15-20 days or 7-10 days thereafter;

[0010] The fertilization management includes:

[0011] Fertilization of young trees includes: applying the first fertilizer in mid-May when the new shoots are 30-40cm, applying 15-20g of urea per plant, with a fertilizer depth of 10cm, 15-20cm away from the tree and watering in time; fertilizing once a month, allowing the trunk of the young tree to grow to more than 2.5 meters in mid-to-late July, and pinching the top when it grows to 2.5 meters; applying basal fertilizer in early October;

[0012] Fertilization during the fruiting period includes: three times of fertilization each year in mid-to-late February, early to mid-May, late August or late July, as well as base fertilizer application in autumn before winter.

[0013] Furthermore, fertilization during the fruiting period:

[0014] First fertilization: Apply spring fertilizer in mid-to-late February, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 40 kg of superphosphate per mu;

[0015] Second fertilization: Apply summer fertilizer in early to mid-May, 30 kg of urea and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu;

[0016] The third fertilization: in late August or late July, apply 15 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu;

[0017] The fourth fertilization: apply base fertilizer in autumn before winter, including organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer;

[0018] Foliar fertilizer: Combine foliar fertilization with each spraying, add 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spray 0.1% borax solution during the flowering period.

[0019] Furthermore, the pest control management includes:

[0020] During the dormant period of pear trees: spray once with lime sulfur mixture;

[0021] From the time when pear buds sprout to before flowering: spray flusilazole, avermectin and high-efficiency chlorfenapyr on the entire pear tree before budding;

[0022] Flowering period: Spray chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on the whole tree and the ground during the initial flowering period;

[0023] From the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage: use one of the fungicides, insecticides and miticides alternately, spray the whole garden every 20-25 days, and stop using the medicine in late August to early September. During this period, use the medicine 3-4 times only, and add urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each medicine bucket of water each time you spray the medicine.

[0024] Furthermore, the fungicide used from the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage includes at least one of flusilazole, difenoconazole and carbendazim.

[0025] Furthermore, the insecticide used from the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage includes at least one of highly effective chlorfenapyr and cypermethrin.

[0026] Furthermore, the acaricide used from the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage includes at least one of chlorpyrifos and avermectin.

[0027] Furthermore, the pruning and shaping management includes:

[0028] (1) In the first year, one to three branches are allowed to grow freely before June 1. After June 1, a strong and long branch is selected and retained as the main trunk and allowed to grow. The remaining long branches are cut off 20 cm from the root.

[0029] (2) Before the buds sprout in the second year, trees taller than 2.2 meters should be cut off at 2.2 meters. Trees shorter than 2.2 meters should have 10 centimeters of the tip cut off. After the buds sprout, a main head should be left to grow upright.

[0030] (3) One month after germination, break off the long branches below 2.2 meters from the main trunk, and allow the branches above to grow freely.

[0031] Furthermore, the fruit thinning management includes:

[0032] It starts 1 week after flower drop and ends within 4 weeks after flowering;

[0033] The fruits are thinned out twice. The specific operation methods of the first thinning include: removing crowded fruits, small fruits, residual fruits, diseased fruits and fruits of irregular shapes; the second thinning includes: determining the fruit yield of each tree, leaving 5-8 fruits on trees that bear fruit in the first year, about 10-15 fruits on the second year, 20-25 fruits on the third year, and 30-40 pears on trees that bear fruit from the fourth year onwards.

[0034] Furthermore, the cultivation method of columnar pears also includes pre-planting preparations;

[0035] The pre-planting preparation work includes:

[0036] (1) Digging pits: Apply organic fertilizer before land preparation, 1-3 cubic meters per mu, 100 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 50 kilograms of superphosphate; if it is a hillside or hilly highland, direct planting is carried out; if it is a hilly depression or plain, ridge planting is carried out, with a row spacing of 2.2 meters to 2.5 meters, a plow width of 100 cm, and a ridge height of 20-30 cm. After ridge formation, use white lime to mark the position of cement pillars at intervals of 13 meters on the ridges. Before planting fruit trees, plant the stakes, use 2.5-meter-high and 9×10 cm cement pillars, bury 50 cm underground, and expose 200 cm above the ground; after the stakes are driven, use white lime to mark the position of the trees on the ridges at a spacing of 0.8-1 meter;

[0037] (2) Prepare water conservancy facilities;

[0038] (3) Purchase of seedlings: After the seedlings are purchased, they are sorted by size and the residual film tape at the grafting site is removed. The roots are then pruned according to the standard of leaving 18 cm for the main root and 8-12 cm for the lateral roots. The old cut ends are re-trimmed to make them neat.

[0039] The above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention provides a cultivation method for columnar pears. The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for columnar pears. Through reasonable watering management, fertilization management, pest and disease control management and other steps, the yield and quality of columnar pears are significantly improved, making up for the shortcomings of the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a cultivation method for columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the pit digging operation in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0045] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the pit digging operation in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0046] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the operation of pruning branches on a main trunk in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of pruning and shaping in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0048] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of pruning and shaping in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 . Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a trellis in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 . Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a trellis in a cultivation method of columnar pears provided in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0051] The present invention provides a cultivation method of columnar pears, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cultivation method of columnar pears comprises the following steps:

[0052] Place the roots of the sapling in the pit, keep the grafting site 5-8cm above the ground, fill with soil and water, and seal with 2-3cm of soil after the water seeps dry;

[0053] After the saplings are planted, cut them 8-10cm above the grafting site to complete the trunk setting;

[0054] After the saplings have been fixed, watering management, fertilization management, pest and disease control management, pruning and shaping management, and fruit thinning management are carried out;

[0055] Wherein, the watering management includes: watering once 15 days before germination, and watering once every 15-20 days or 7-10 days thereafter;

[0056] The fertilization management includes:

[0057] Fertilization of young trees includes: applying the first fertilizer in mid-May when the new shoots are 30-40cm, applying 15-20g of urea per plant, with a fertilizer depth of 10cm, 15-20cm away from the tree and watering in time; fertilizing once a month, allowing the trunk of the young tree to grow to more than 2.5 meters in mid-to-late July, and pinching the top when it grows to 2.5 meters; applying basal fertilizer in early October;

[0058] Fertilization during the fruiting period includes: three times of fertilization each year in mid-to-late February, early to mid-May, late August or late July, as well as base fertilizer application in autumn before winter.

[0059] The embodiment of the present invention provides a cultivation method for columnar pears. The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for columnar pears. Through reasonable watering management, fertilization management, pest and disease control management and other steps, the yield and quality of columnar pears are significantly improved, making up for the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, the cultivation method of columnar pears comprises the following process:

[0061] Preparation before planting:

[0062] 1. Digging a pit

[0063] Before land preparation, sufficient organic fertilizer should be applied (about 2 cubic meters per mu). If it is a hillside or hilly highland, it can be planted directly. If it is a hilly depression or plain land, ridge planting should be considered. Draw lines with a row spacing of 2.2 meters to 2.5 meters (adjustable according to planting density), and then use a tractor to plow ridges with a width of about 100 cm and a height of 20-30 cm;

[0064] After ridge formation, use white lime to mark the position of cement pillars at intervals of 13 meters on the ridges. Before planting fruit trees, plant the stakes. Use 2.5-meter-high and 9×10-cm cement pillars, bury 50 cm underground and expose 200 cm above the ground. After the stakes are driven, use white lime to mark the position of planting trees on the ridges at a spacing of 0.8-1 meters, and then plant trees while digging holes. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown; do not plant too deep, cover the ground mark, tamp it down with your feet, and leave a small hole for watering. Water thoroughly, and after the water has seeped in, sprinkle a 1-2 cm layer of loose soil on the roots to level the small hole. For large seedlings with branches, cut off the branches on the main trunk, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0065] 2. Build good water conservancy facilities and adopt drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other measures.

[0066] 3. Purchase seedlings

[0067] (1) The goods must be kept moist during transportation, especially over long distances;

[0068] (2) Prepare water conservancy facilities;

[0069] (3) Purchase seedlings;

[0070] (4) After the seedlings are purchased, first classify the seedlings (mixed-grade seedlings) by size, remove the remaining film tape at the grafting site, and then prune the tree roots according to the standard of leaving 18 cm for the main root and 8-12 cm for the lateral roots. You can also use a blade to cut the film tape and then shorten the overlong roots, and re-prune the old cut ends to make them neat and conducive to rooting;

[0071] (5) If it is not possible to plant in time, the roots should be covered with soil or sand and watered to keep them moist.

[0072] 2. Planting

[0073] 1. Planting method:

[0074] When planting, first use a shovel to dig a hole at the marked place that is large enough to accommodate the roots of the sapling, then place the roots of the sapling in the tree pit, cover it with a small amount of soil, and then lift it up according to the depth so that the grafting part is 5-8cm above the ground, then fill the soil, tamp it down and water it thoroughly. After the water seeps dry, cover it with about 2cm of soil.

[0075] 2. Fixed stem

[0076] After planting, cut 8-10cm above the grafting site. The cutting can be adjusted up and down according to the fullness of the lateral buds. The cutting action should be accurate and fast to avoid splitting the main trunk. The cut can be painted to prevent water loss and the invasion of pathogens. Special attention should be paid to avoid interplanting in wheat fields, because this often brings inconvenience to management and greatly reduces the survival rate of planting.

[0077] 3. Increase income

[0078] Intercropping is the main source of income for the orchard in the first two years, but crops with a height of more than 60 cm should not be intercropped. Low-stem crops such as melons, vegetables, and sweet potatoes should be planted. Remember not to plant legumes to avoid spreading rhizobia.

[0079] 3. Management after planting

[0080] 1. The planted seedlings can be covered with mulch, which can both retain moisture and increase temperature, promote root development and improve survival rate.

[0081] 2. The construction of water conservancy facilities can use ridges, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other measures according to the situation. If it does not rain, the soil should be watered thoroughly once every 15-20 days (7-10 days in hot summer).

[0082] 3. Watering at the right time: 15 days before germination after the Spring Festival, water thoroughly once, and water every 10-15 days (7-10 days in hot summer) after germination to ensure the survival of the seedlings. This is the key and must be done; before germination, pull a steel wire every 50cm on the cement pile, a total of 4 wires, and add diagonal pulls at both ends. Bud removal and branch tying: From the end of March to the beginning of April, the temperature rises, and the buds under the grafting point can be removed at any time. The buds that have grown above the buds retain two upright branches with good growth, and select the stronger ones throughout the growing season and tie them to the corresponding steel wire to keep them growing upright. The other branch is a supporting branch and is cut off in late May.

[0083] 4. Timely fertilization: Fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of thin application and frequent application. Nitrogen fertilizer should be used as the main fertilizer in the first year to increase the growth of branches and shoots. In mid-May, the first fertilizer is generally applied when the new shoots are 30-40 cm. 15-20 grams of urea are applied per plant, the fertilizer depth is 10 cm, and the distance from the tree is 15-20 cm. Watering should be carried out in time. It can also be combined with watering or raining. 20 catties per mu, once every 15-20 days. In mid-July, during the flower bud differentiation period, 20-30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (3 15 types) per mu should be applied. Early October is the best time to apply basal fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer (1-3 cubic meters of cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken dung) and 100 catties of 3 15 sulfur-based compound fertilizer.

[0084] 5. Fertilization during the fruiting period: Since columnar pears are planted at high density, they will bear fruit in the second year, produce abundant crops in the third year, and enter the high-yield period in the fourth year, so the number of fertilizations is reduced, while the amount of fertilizer applied is increased. Fertilization is applied once in mid-to-late June and late July each year. Summer fertilizer (fruit-shaped fertilizer) is applied in mid-to-late June, when the leaves of the pear tree are forming in large numbers (bright leaf period) and the young fruits begin to expand, and sufficient nutrients are provided for the rapid expansion of the fruit and the differentiation of flower buds in the later period, so the amount of fertilizer applied is increased. Generally, 20 kg of potassium sulfate type balanced fertilizer is applied per mu, such as 3 15, 3 17, etc. Fertilization in mid-to-late July is mainly to protect the leaves, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate type high potassium compound fertilizer (such as 15+15+25 for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, etc.) is applied per mu.

[0085] The first spring fertilizer is applied in mid-February. This fertilization is mainly to promote the development of floral organs, increase the fruit setting rate, and strengthen the growth of new shoots, in preparation for the differentiation of flower buds in June-August. Since columnar pear trees mostly bear fruit on short fruit branches, and short branches generally stop growing 15 days after flowering, if spring fertilizer is applied too late, the branches will grow too vigorously and cannot stop growing in time, which will affect the expansion of the fruit and the differentiation of flower buds. Therefore, it is better to apply fertilizer early rather than late, and it is appropriate to apply it 10-15 days before budding (mid-to-late February). Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in combination with organic fertilizer, and 60% of phosphorus fertilizer is applied at one time for the whole year. Nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 25% of the whole year. Generally, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 40 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu.

[0086] The second fertilization: Apply summer fertilizer (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) in early to mid-May. This is the period when the pear tree leaves are forming in large numbers (bright leaf period) and the young fruits begin to swell. It also provides sufficient nutrients for the rapid expansion of the fruit and differentiation of flower buds in July and August. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer applied is larger, accounting for about 50% of the whole year. Generally, 30 kg of urea and 30 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu.

[0087] The third fertilization: in late July, mainly to protect the leaves, promote further expansion of the fruit, and improve the quality of flower buds, and accumulate nutrients for a high yield next year. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 25% of the whole year, with 15 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate applied per mu.

[0088] The fourth fertilization: Apply base fertilizer in autumn before winter, mainly organic fertilizer, such as poultry manure, compost, and a certain amount of phosphorus fertilizer.

[0089] Foliar fertilizer: Each time you spray the medicine, combine it with foliar fertilization. You can add 0.1-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium hydrogen phosphate. During the flowering period, spray 0.1% borax solution.

[0090] 5. Pest and disease control:

[0091] During the dormant period of pear trees: spray lime sulfur mixture according to the instructions once to kill overwintering pests and diseases.

[0092] From the time when pear buds sprout to before flowering: Flusilazole + Avermectin + High-efficiency Chlorflucythrinate (use according to the dosage instructions on the package) must be sprayed evenly on the entire tree before the pear tree sprouts.

[0093] Flowering period: Spray chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin on the whole tree and the ground during the early flowering period to prevent and control beetles.

[0094] From the young fruit stage to the fruit maturity stage: alternately mix one of the following fungicides (flusilazole, fenpropimorph, carbendazim, etc.) + insecticides (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, etc.) + miticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, etc.), and spray the entire garden every 20-25 days to prevent and control various diseases. Generally, the use of drugs is stopped in late August to early September, and 3-4 times of use are sufficient during this period. And each time you spray the drugs, add 1 liang of urea and 1 liang of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each bucket of water to increase tree vigor and improve fruit quality.

[0095] 6. Pruning and shaping:

[0096] (1) In the first year, one to three branches are grown and allowed to grow freely before June 1. After June 1, a strong and long branch is selected and retained as the main trunk and allowed to grow. The remaining long branches are cut off 20 cm from the root. Figure 5 shown.

[0097] (2) Before the tree sprouts in the second year, if the tree is taller than 2.2 meters, cut it off at 2.2 meters. If the tree is shorter than 2.2 meters, cut off about 10 centimeters of the tip. After the tree sprouts, keep a main head to grow upright.

[0098] (3) One month after germination, the long branches below 2.2 meters of the trunk (a small number of trees will have this) should be cut off, and the branches above should be allowed to grow. If any leaning trees are found during this period, they should be straightened up in time! In the following winter pruning, only the new branches above 2.2 meters that have grown that year need to be cut off from the roots. Figure 6 shown.

[0099] 4. Fruit Thinning

[0100] Fruit thinning usually starts about one week after the flowers fall and ends within four weeks after the flowers bloom. Fruit thinning is usually done twice. The first thinning includes removing crowded fruits, small fruits, residual fruits, diseased fruits, and fruits with irregular shapes. The second thinning is to determine the amount of fruit each tree produces, so that the tree body is properly burdened, and the purpose of regulating alternate years and improving quality is achieved.

[0101] 5. Fruit quantity

[0102] Generally, 5-8 fruits are kept on trees that bear fruit in the first year, about 10-15 fruits are kept in the second year, 20-25 fruits are kept in the third year, and 30-40 pears are kept on trees that bear fruit in the fourth year and above.

[0103] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples that do not specify specific conditions are usually measured according to national standards. If there is no corresponding national standard, then the conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed.

[0104] Example

[0105] This embodiment provides a cultivation method for columnar pears, and the cultivation method for columnar pears comprises the following steps:

[0106] Preparation before planting:

[0107] 1. Digging a pit

[0108] Before land preparation, sufficient organic fertilizer (2 cubic meters per mu) should be applied. If it is a hillside or hilly highland, it can be planted directly. If it is a hilly depression or plain, ridge planting should be considered. Draw lines with a row spacing of 2.2 meters to 2.5 meters (adjustable according to planting density), and then use a tractor to plow ridges with a width of about 100 cm and a height of 25 cm;

[0109] After ridge formation, use white lime to mark the position of cement pillars at intervals of 13 meters on the ridges. Before planting fruit trees, plant the stakes. Use 2.5-meter-high and 9×10-cm cement pillars, bury 50 cm underground and expose 200 cm above the ground. After the stakes are driven, use white lime to mark the position of planting trees on the ridges at a spacing of 0.8-1 meters, and then plant trees while digging holes. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown; scaffolding data as Figure 7 As shown; do not plant too deep, cover the ground mark, tamp it down with your feet, and leave a small hole for watering. Water thoroughly, and after the water has seeped in, sprinkle a 1-2 cm layer of loose soil on the roots to level the small hole. For large seedlings with branches, cut off the branches on the main trunk, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0110] 2. Build good water conservancy facilities and adopt drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other measures.

[0111] 3. Purchase seedlings

[0112] (1) The goods must be kept moist during transportation, especially over long distances;

[0113] (2) Prepare water conservancy facilities;

[0114] (3) Purchase seedlings;

[0115] (4) After the seedlings are purchased, first classify the seedlings (mixed-grade seedlings) by size, remove the remaining film tape at the grafting site, and then prune the tree roots according to the standard of leaving 18 cm for the main root and 8-12 cm for the lateral roots. You can also use a blade to cut the film tape and then shorten the overlong roots, and re-prune the old cut ends to make them neat and conducive to rooting;

[0116] (5) If it is not possible to plant in time, the roots should be covered with soil or sand and watered to keep them moist.

[0117] 2. Planting

[0118] 1. Planting method:

[0119] When planting, first use a shovel to dig a hole at the marked place that is large enough to accommodate the roots of the sapling, then place the roots of the sapling in the tree pit, cover it with a small amount of soil, and then lift it up according to the depth so that the grafting part is 5-8cm above the ground, then fill the soil, tamp it down and water it thoroughly. After the water seeps dry, cover it with about 2cm of soil.

[0120] 2. Fixed stem

[0121] After planting, cut 8-10cm above the grafting site. The cutting can be adjusted up and down according to the fullness of the lateral buds. The cutting action should be accurate and fast to avoid splitting the main trunk. The cut can be painted to prevent water loss and the invasion of pathogens. Special attention should be paid to avoid interplanting in wheat fields, because this often brings inconvenience to management and greatly reduces the survival rate of planting.

[0122] 3. Increase income

[0123] Intercropping is the main source of income for the orchard in the first two years, but crops with a height of more than 60 cm should not be intercropped. Low-stem crops such as melons, vegetables, and sweet potatoes should be planted. Remember not to plant legumes to avoid spreading rhizobia.

[0124] 3. Management after planting

[0125] 1. The planted seedlings can be covered with mulch, which can both retain moisture and increase temperature, promote root development and improve survival rate.

[0126] 2. The construction of water conservancy facilities can use ridges, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other measures according to the situation. If it does not rain, the soil should be watered thoroughly once every 15-20 days (7-10 days in hot summer).

[0127] 3. Watering at the right time: 15 days before germination after the Spring Festival, water thoroughly once, and water every 10-15 days (7-10 days in hot summer) after germination to ensure the survival of the seedlings. This is the key and must be done; before germination, pull a steel wire every 50cm on the cement pile, a total of 4 wires, and add diagonal pulls at both ends. Bud removal and branch tying: From the end of March to the beginning of April, the temperature rises, and the buds under the grafting point can be removed at any time. The buds that have grown above the buds retain two upright branches with good growth, and select the stronger ones throughout the growing season and tie them to the corresponding steel wire to keep them growing upright. The other branch is a supporting branch and is cut off in late May.

[0128] 4. Timely fertilization: Fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of thin application and frequent application. Nitrogen fertilizer should be used as the main fertilizer in the first year to increase the growth of branches and shoots. In mid-May, the first fertilizer is generally applied when the new shoots are 30-40 cm. 15-20 grams of urea are applied per plant, the fertilizer depth is 10 cm, and the distance from the tree is 15-20 cm. Watering should be carried out in time. It can also be combined with watering or raining. 20 catties per mu, once every 15-20 days. In mid-July, during the flower bud differentiation period, 20-30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (3 15 types) per mu should be applied. Early October is the best time to apply basal fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer (1-3 cubic meters of cow dung, sheep dung, and chicken dung) and 100 catties of 3 15 sulfur-based compound fertilizer.

[0129] 5. Fertilization during the fruiting period: Since columnar pears are planted at high density, they will bear fruit in the second year, produce abundant crops in the third year, and enter the high-yield period in the fourth year, so the number of fertilizations is reduced, while the amount of fertilizer applied is increased. Fertilization is applied once in mid-to-late June and late July each year. Summer fertilizer (fruit-shaped fertilizer) is applied in mid-to-late June, when the leaves of the pear tree are forming in large numbers (bright leaf period) and the young fruits begin to expand, and sufficient nutrients are provided for the rapid expansion of the fruit and the differentiation of flower buds in the later period, so the amount of fertilizer applied is increased. Generally, 20 kg of potassium sulfate type balanced fertilizer is applied per mu, such as 3 15, 3 17, etc. Fertilization in mid-to-late July is mainly to protect the leaves, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate type high potassium compound fertilizer (such as 15+15+25 for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, etc.) is applied per mu.

[0130] The first spring fertilizer is applied in mid-February. This fertilization is mainly to promote the development of floral organs, increase the fruit setting rate, and strengthen the growth of new shoots, in preparation for the differentiation of flower buds in June-August. Since columnar pear trees mostly bear fruit on short fruit branches, and short branches generally stop growing 15 days after flowering, if spring fertilizer is applied too late, the branches will grow too vigorously and cannot stop growing in time, which will affect the expansion of the fruit and the differentiation of flower buds. Therefore, it is better to apply fertilizer early rather than late, and it is appropriate to apply it 10-15 days before budding (mid-to-late February). Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied in combination with organic fertilizer, and 60% of phosphorus fertilizer is applied at one time for the whole year. Nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 25% of the whole year. Generally, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 40 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu.

[0131] The second fertilization: Apply summer fertilizer (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) in early to mid-May. This is the period when the pear tree leaves are forming in large numbers (bright leaf period) and the young fruits begin to swell. It also provides sufficient nutrients for the rapid expansion of the fruit and differentiation of flower buds in July and August. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer applied is larger, accounting for about 50% of the whole year. Generally, 30 kg of urea and 30 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu.

[0132] The third fertilization: in late August (late July for columnar No. 2), mainly to protect the leaves, promote further expansion of the fruit, and improve the quality of flower buds, accumulating nutrients for a good harvest next year. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for about 25% of the whole year, with 15 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate applied per mu.

[0133] The fourth fertilization: Apply base fertilizer in autumn before winter, mainly organic fertilizer, such as poultry manure, compost, and a certain amount of phosphorus fertilizer.

[0134] Foliar fertilizer: Each time you spray the medicine, combine it with foliar fertilization. You can add 0.1-0.3% urea and 0.2-0.3% potassium hydrogen phosphate. During the flowering period, spray 0.1% borax solution.

[0135] 5. Pest and disease control:

[0136] During the dormant period of pear trees: spray lime sulfur mixture according to the instructions once to kill overwintering pests and diseases.

[0137] From the time when pear buds sprout to before flowering: Flusilazole + Avermectin + High-efficiency Chlorflucythrinate (use according to the dosage instructions on the package) must be sprayed evenly on the entire tree before the pear tree sprouts.

[0138] Flowering period: Spray chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin on the whole tree and the ground during the early flowering period to prevent and control beetles.

[0139] From the young fruit stage to the fruit maturity stage: alternately mix one of the following fungicides (flusilazole, fenpropimorph, carbendazim, etc.) + insecticides (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, etc.) + miticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, etc.), and spray the entire garden every 20-25 days to prevent and control various diseases. Generally, the use of drugs is stopped in late August to early September, and 3-4 times of use are sufficient during this period. And each time you spray the drugs, add 1 liang of urea and 1 liang of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each bucket of water to increase tree vigor and improve fruit quality.

[0140] 6. Pruning and shaping:

[0141] (1) In the first year, one to three branches are grown and allowed to grow freely before June 1. After June 1, a strong and long branch is selected and retained as the main trunk and allowed to grow. The remaining long branches are cut off 20 cm from the root. Figure 5 When the main branches grow to about 10cm above each steel wire of the scaffolding, use wire to fix the main branches to the steel wires to keep them upright (such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, in general, the main stem can grow to about 2.2 meters in height in late June, and can exceed the top wire of the trellis. At this time, the whole plant can be sprayed with 300 times Pbo, and the focus should be on spraying more on the tender upper parts to control the tree vigor and make it flower early. In mid-to-late July, spray 200-300 times Pbo solution again to further promote flower bud differentiation.

[0142] (2) Before the tree sprouts in the second year, if the tree is taller than 2.2 meters, cut it off at 2.2 meters. If the tree is shorter than 2.2 meters, cut off about 10 centimeters of the tip. After the tree sprouts, keep a main head to grow upright.

[0143] (3) One month after germination, the long branches below 2.2 meters of the trunk (a small number of trees will have this) should be cut off, and the branches above should be allowed to grow. If any leaning trees are found during this period, they should be straightened up in time! In the following winter pruning, only the new branches above 2.2 meters that have grown that year need to be cut off from the roots. Figure 6 shown.

[0144] 4. Fruit Thinning

[0145] Fruit thinning usually starts about one week after the flowers fall and ends within four weeks after the flowers bloom. Fruit thinning is usually done twice. The first thinning includes removing crowded fruits, small fruits, residual fruits, diseased fruits, and fruits with irregular shapes. The second thinning is to determine the amount of fruit each tree produces, so that the tree body is properly burdened, and the purpose of regulating alternate years and improving quality is achieved.

[0146] 5. Fruit quantity

[0147] Generally, 5-8 fruits are kept on trees that bear fruit in the first year, about 10-15 fruits are kept in the second year, 20-25 fruits are kept in the third year, and 30-40 pears are kept on trees that bear fruit in the fourth year and above.

[0148] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a cultivation method for columnar pears, which significantly improves the yield and quality of columnar pears through reasonable watering management, fertilization management, pest and disease control management and other steps, and makes up for the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0149] Various embodiments of the present invention may be presented in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for convenience and brevity, and should not be understood as a rigid limitation on the scope of the present invention; therefore, the range description should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within the range. For example, the range description from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, which apply regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.

[0150] The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating columnar pears, characterized in that: The cultivation method of the columnar pear comprises the following steps: Place the roots of the sapling in the pit, keep the grafting site 5-8cm above the ground, fill with soil and water, and seal with 2-3cm of soil after the water seeps dry; After the saplings are planted, cut them 8-10cm above the grafting site to complete the trunk setting; After the saplings have been fixed, watering management, fertilization management, pest and disease control management, pruning and shaping management, and fruit thinning management are carried out; Wherein, the watering management includes: watering once 15 days before germination, and watering once every 15-20 days or 7-10 days thereafter; The fertilization management includes: Fertilization of young trees includes: applying the first fertilizer in mid-May when the new shoots are 30-40cm, applying 15-20g of urea per plant, with a fertilizer depth of 10cm, 15-20cm away from the tree and watering in time; fertilizing once a month, allowing the trunk of the young tree to grow to more than 2.5 meters in mid-to-late July, and pinching the top when it grows to 2.5 meters; applying basal fertilizer in early October; Fertilization during the fruiting period includes: three times of fertilization each year in mid-to-late February, early to mid-May, late August or late July, as well as base fertilizer application in autumn before winter.

2. The method for cultivating columnar pears according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fertilization during the fruiting period: First fertilization: Apply spring fertilizer in mid-to-late February, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 40 kg of superphosphate per mu; Second fertilization: Apply summer fertilizer in early to mid-May, 30 kg of urea and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu; The third fertilization: in late August or late July, apply 15 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu; The fourth fertilization: basal fertilizer is applied in autumn before winter, which includes organic fertilizer and a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; Foliar fertilizer: Combine foliar fertilization with each spraying, add 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spray 0.1% borax solution during the flowering period.

3. The cultivation method of columnar pears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control management includes: During the dormant period of pear trees: spray once with lime sulfur mixture; From the time when pear buds sprout to before flowering: spray flusilazole, avermectin and high-efficiency chlorfenapyr on the entire pear tree before budding; Flowering period: Spray chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on the whole tree and the ground during the initial flowering period; From the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage: use one of the fungicides, insecticides and miticides alternately, spray the whole garden once every 20-25 days, and stop using the medicine in late August to early September. During this period, use the medicine 3-4 times only, and add urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each medicine bucket of water each time you spray the medicine.

4. The cultivation method of columnar pears according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fungicide used from the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage includes at least one of flusilazole, difenoconazole and carbendazim.

5. The method for cultivating columnar pears according to claim 3, characterized in that: The insecticide used from the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage includes at least one of highly effective chlorfenapyr and cypermethrin.

6. The cultivation method of columnar pears according to claim 3, characterized in that: The acaricide used from the young fruit stage to the fruit ripening stage includes at least one of chlorpyrifos and avermectin.

7. The method for cultivating columnar pears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pruning and shaping management includes: (1) In the first year, one to three branches are allowed to grow freely before June 1. After June 1, a strong and long branch is selected and retained as the main trunk and allowed to grow. The remaining long branches are cut off 20 cm from the root. (2) Before the buds sprout in the second year, trees taller than 2.2 meters should be cut off at 2.2 meters. Trees shorter than 2.2 meters should have 10 centimeters of the tip cut off. After the buds sprout, a main head should be left to grow upright. (3) One month after germination, break off the long branches below 2.2 meters from the main trunk, and allow the branches above to grow freely.

8. The method for cultivating columnar pears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit thinning management includes: It starts 1 week after flower drop and ends within 4 weeks after flowering; The fruits are thinned out twice. The specific operation methods of the first thinning include: removing crowded fruits, small fruits, residual fruits, diseased fruits and fruits of irregular shapes; the second thinning includes: determining the fruit yield of each tree, leaving 5-8 fruits on trees that bear fruit in the first year, about 10-15 fruits on the second year, 20-25 fruits on the third year, and 30-40 pears on trees that bear fruit from the fourth year onwards.

9. The method for cultivating columnar pears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation method of columnar pears also includes pre-planting preparation work; The pre-planting preparation work includes: (1) Digging pits: Apply organic fertilizer before land preparation, 1-3 cubic meters per mu, 100 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 50 kilograms of superphosphate; if it is a hillside or hilly highland, direct planting is carried out; if it is a hilly depression or plain, ridge planting is carried out, with a row spacing of 2.2 meters to 2.5 meters, a plow width of 100 cm, and a ridge height of 20-30 cm. After ridge formation, use white lime to mark the position of cement pillars at intervals of 13 meters on the ridges. Before planting fruit trees, plant the stakes, use 2.5-meter-high and 9×10 cm cement pillars, bury 50 cm underground, and expose 200 cm above the ground; after the stakes are driven, use white lime to mark the position of the trees on the ridges at a spacing of 0.8-1 meter; (2) Prepare water conservancy facilities; (3) Purchase of seedlings: After the seedlings are purchased, they are sorted by size and the residual film tape at the grafting site is removed. The roots are then pruned according to the standard of leaving 18 cm for the main root and 8-12 cm for the lateral roots. The old cut ends are re-trimmed to make them neat.

Images