Method for planting morchella in simple small arched shed

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting morchella in a simple small arched shed, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a cultivation site, (2) determining cultivation time, (3) treating the cultivation site, (4) sowing, namely ditching on ridges, uniformly spreading morchella strains in the ditches, and covering soil after the strains are spread; (5) field management: after sowing, covering with a black plastic film for 5-9 days, placing nutrition bags, and arranging a small arched shed for each ridge; (6) harvesting morchella esculenta; (7) management after harvesting. The method has the advantages that the morchella is cultivated in a small arched shed mode, investment is low, and the problems that facility greenhouse planting is high in cost and difficult to manage are solved; crop rotation can be realized after morchella esculenta is harvested, idle fields in winter are fully utilized, crop yield can be increased, and continuous cropping influence of morchella esculenta is slowed down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating morels in a simple small arch shed. Background Art

[0002] Morchella is a precious edible mushroom, which is deeply loved by people for its unique taste and rich nutritional value. However, the natural growth conditions of Morchella are relatively harsh, and the yield is low and unstable. In recent years, with the development of agricultural technology, it has become possible to artificially cultivate Morchella.

[0003] The cultivation methods of Morchella can be roughly divided into two types: indoor and outdoor. Indoor cultivation requires providing suitable temperature and humidity conditions, maintaining adequate ventilation and low-light environment. Outdoor cultivation requires selecting a suitable location to build a sunshade, and to carry out land preparation, fertilization and watering. The outdoor cultivation method generally requires the construction of a greenhouse, which is costly. In addition, there is a continuous cropping effect in the cultivation of Morchella, which cannot be reused for many years and has low efficiency. In addition, the cultivation of Morchella requires sufficient oxygen, so it is crucial to maintain good ventilation conditions and soil permeability in the greenhouse. Greenhouse cultivation is prone to uneven ventilation and temperature, which requires long-term exploration and experience summary by planting technicians. It has high technical requirements and great difficulty, and is not conducive to the large-scale promotion of planting technology, affecting actual planting income and causing waste of resources. Therefore, the present invention proposes a technology for planting Morchella in a simple small arch shed, which aims to reduce costs, simplify operations, facilitate promotion, and ensure yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme, a method for growing morels in a simple small arch shed, comprising the following steps:

[0005] 1. Requirements for cultivation site selection: Choose a site with good air circulation, unpolluted soil and water sources, loose soil and good drainage.

[0006] 2. Determine the cultivation time: Determine the cultivation period according to the characteristics of the selected Morchella species and local climatic conditions. The standard is that the temperature is suitable for Morchella fruiting, which should be above 10℃ and the highest should not exceed 25℃. Generally, sowing should be done from October to December and fruiting should be done from February to April.

[0007] 3. Treatment of the cultivation land: clean up the debris on the cultivation land surface. If there are many weeds, weed in advance, plow and harrow the open land, and dig drainage ditches around to prevent water accumulation. Water the soil and control the moisture content of the soil at 14-20% (hold the soil tightly with your hands, the soil can form a ball, but it is not sticky); after plowing and harrowing, ridge the land, with a width of 80-100cm, a height of 10-20cm, and a length of 10-20m. Too long will affect ventilation and air permeability, affecting the growth of Morchella. Then sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder on the ridge or spray the supernatant of lime water.

[0008] 4. Sowing method: dig furrows on the ridges at intervals of about 10 cm, along the length of the furrows, 3-6 furrows per ridge, depending on the width of the ridge, and the furrow depth is 3-5 cm. Spread the Morchella spores evenly in the furrows, using 150-200 kg of spores per mu. After the spores are spread, cover with soil. A thickness of 2-3 cm is more conducive to the growth of mycelium.

[0009] 5. Field management method: After sowing, cover with black mulch. Cover for about a week, that is, 5-9 days. When the mycelium of Morchella has grown about half of the ridge surface area, place Morchella nutrient bags, 400-500g / bag, nutrient bags are about 20cm apart, and 1500-2000 nutrient bags are used per mu. Choose the smooth side of the nutrient bag (this side has sterilization exhaust pinholes), pat the nutrient bag 3 times with a nail board, no less than 50 holes, and place the nutrient bag with the hole facing down in contact with the soil, like 5 mahjong cylinders. Press the nutrient bag slightly when placing it so that the nutrient bag is in close contact with the ground. After placing the nutrient bag, use bamboo poles, fiberglass poles, etc. to build a small arch shed, one small arch shed for each ridge, and the height of the small arch shed is 30-50cm and the width is 80-100cm. The inner layer of the small arch shed is black mulch, and the outer layer is shade net. The shade net has 3-8 needles, depending on the local sunshine intensity. If the sunshine is strong, a shade net with good shading effect should be used; compact the mulch and shade net to prevent them from being blown over by the wind. After placing the nutrient bag for 60-80 days, wait for the morel frost to fade, water, ventilate, control temperature and humidity to promote mushrooms. During this period, keep the soil moisture at 15-18%. During the growth of morels, regular ventilation, watering, fertilization and pest control are required. Ventilation can keep the air circulation in the small arch shed, watering needs to keep the moisture of the culture medium, fertilization needs to supplement nutrients in time according to the growth of morels, and pest control needs to find and deal with pests in time. When the local temperature is higher than 20℃, holes can be punched in the small arch shed for ventilation and cooling.

[0010] 6. Harvesting of Morels: The fruiting bodies mature 10-15 days after emerging from the soil. When the cap of the morels turns dark brown, they can be harvested.

[0011] 7. Post-harvest management: After harvesting the morels, remove the nutrient bags and spread the matrix in the nutrient bags on the cultivation site as organic fertilizer for the cultivation site.

[0012] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the small arch shed mode is adopted to cultivate morels, with low investment, about 20,000 yuan is invested in each mu of orchard small arch shed, and the materials for building the small arch shed can be used continuously for about 3 years, which solves the problems of high cost and difficult management of facility greenhouse cultivation; in addition, most areas plant morels in winter, and crops can be rotated after harvesting morels, and morels can be planted again in the next winter, which can make full use of idle fields in winter, increase crop yields, and mitigate the impact of continuous cropping of morels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments:

[0014] Embodiment 1:

[0015] A method for growing morels in a simple small arch shed comprises the following steps:

[0016] 1. Requirements for cultivation site selection: Choose a site with good air circulation, unpolluted soil and water sources, loose soil and good drainage.

[0017] 2. Determine the cultivation time: Determine the cultivation period according to the characteristics of the selected Morchella species and local climatic conditions. The standard is that the temperature is suitable for Morchella fruiting, which should be above 10℃ and the highest should not exceed 25℃. Generally, sowing should be done from October to December and fruiting should be done from February to April.

[0018] 3. Treatment of the cultivation land: clean up the debris on the cultivation land surface. If there are many weeds, weed in advance, plow and harrow the open land, and dig drainage ditches around to prevent water accumulation. Water the soil and control the moisture content of the soil at 14-20% (hold the soil tightly with your hands, the soil can form a ball, but it is not sticky); after plowing and harrowing, ridge the land, with a width of 80-100cm, a height of 10-20cm, and a length of 10-20m. Too long will affect ventilation and air permeability, affecting the growth of Morchella. Then sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder on the ridge or spray the supernatant of lime water.

[0019] 4. Sowing method: dig furrows on the ridges at intervals of about 10 cm, along the length of the furrows, 3-6 furrows per ridge, depending on the width of the ridge, and the furrow depth is 3-5 cm. Spread the Morchella spores evenly in the furrows, using 150-200 kg of spores per mu. After the spores are spread, cover with soil. A thickness of 2-3 cm is more conducive to the growth of mycelium.

[0020] 5. Field management method: After sowing, cover with black mulch. Cover for about a week, that is, 5-9 days. When the mycelium of Morchella has grown about half of the ridge surface area, place Morchella nutrient bags, 400-500g / bag, nutrient bags are about 20cm apart, and 1500-2000 nutrient bags are used per mu. Choose the smooth side of the nutrient bag (this side has sterilization exhaust pinholes), and use a nail board to pat the nutrient bag 3 times, with no less than 50 holes, and place the nutrient bag with the hole facing down in contact with the soil, like 5 mahjong cylinders. When placing, press the nutrient bag slightly to make the nutrient bag in close contact with the ground. After placing the nutrient bag, use bamboo poles, fiberglass poles, etc. to build a small arch shed, one small arch shed for each ridge, and the height of the small arch shed is 30-50cm and the width is 80-100cm. The inner layer of the small arch shed is black mulch, and the outer layer is shade net. The shade net has 3-8 needles, depending on the local sunshine intensity. If the sunshine is strong, a shade net with good shading effect should be used; compact the mulch and shade net to prevent them from being blown over by the wind. After placing the nutrient bag for 60-80 days, wait for the morel frost to fade, water, ventilate, control temperature and humidity to promote mushrooms. During this period, keep the soil moisture at 15-18%. During the growth of morels, regular ventilation, watering, fertilization and pest control are required. Ventilation can keep the air circulation in the small arch shed, watering needs to keep the moisture of the culture medium, fertilization needs to supplement nutrients in time according to the growth of morels, and pest control needs to find and deal with pests in time. When the local temperature is higher than 20℃, holes can be punched in the small arch shed for ventilation and cooling.

[0021] 6. Harvesting of Morels: The fruiting bodies mature 10-15 days after emerging from the soil. When the cap of the morels turns dark brown, they can be harvested.

[0022] 7. Post-harvest management: After harvesting the morels, remove the nutrient bags and spread the matrix in the nutrient bags on the cultivation site as organic fertilizer for the cultivation site.

[0023] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the small arch shed mode is adopted to cultivate morels, with low investment, and the investment in small arch shed per acre of orchard is about 20,000 yuan. The materials for building the small arch shed can be used continuously for about 3 years, which solves the problems of high cost and difficult management of facility greenhouse cultivation; in addition, most areas plant morels in winter, and crops can be rotated after harvesting morels, and morels can be planted again in the next winter, which can make full use of idle fields in winter, increase crop yields, and mitigate the impact of continuous cropping of morels. The following table is a benefit table of planting morels in a small arch shed (one acre is taken as an example).

[0024] Benefit table of growing morels in small shed

[0025]

[0026] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for growing morels in a simple small shed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) The cultivation site should be a site with good air circulation, unpolluted soil and water sources, loose soil and good drainage; (2) Determination of cultivation time: According to the characteristics of the selected Morchella species, the cultivation period is determined when the local climatic conditions reach a temperature above 10°C and the maximum temperature does not exceed 25°C; (3) Treatment of the cultivation land: clean up the debris on the cultivation land surface, water it, and control the soil moisture content at 14-20%; after ploughing and harrowing, make ridges, and then sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder or spray the supernatant of lime water on the ridges; (4) Sowing: dig furrows on the ridges, evenly spread the Morchella spores in the furrows, and cover with soil after the spores are spread; (5) Field management method: After sowing, cover with black mulch film for 5-9 days. When the mycelium of morel mushrooms covers about half of the ridge surface area, place the morel mushroom nutrient bags. After placing the nutrient bags, use bamboo poles, fiberglass poles, etc. to build a small arch shed, one small arch shed for each ridge. After placing the nutrient bags for 60-80 days, wait for the morel mushroom frost to fade, water, ventilate, control temperature, and control humidity to promote mushroom growth. During this period, keep the soil moisture at 15-18%. During the growth of morels, regular ventilation, watering, fertilization and pest control are required. When the temperature is high, holes are punched in the small arch shed for ventilation and cooling to keep the temperature inside the small arch shed below 20°C; (6) Harvesting of Morchella: The fruiting bodies mature 10-15 days after emerging from the soil. When the cap of the Morchella turns dark brown, it can be harvested. (7) Post-harvest management: After harvesting the morels, remove the nutrient bags and spread the substrate in the nutrient bags on the cultivation site.

2. The method for growing morels in a simple small shed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the ridge width is 80-100 cm, the ridge height is 10-20 cm, and the ridge length is 10-20 m.

3. The method for growing morels in a simple small shed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), furrows are dug on the ridges at intervals of about 10 cm, along the length of the furrows, with 3 to 6 furrows dug on each ridge and a furrow depth of 3 to 5 cm.

4. The method for growing morels in a simple small shed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), 150-200 kg of fungus is used per mu for sowing.

5. The method for growing morels in a simple small shed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the covering soil in step (4) is 2-3 cm.

6. The method for growing morels in a simple small shed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the weight of each nutrient bag is 400-500 g, and the interval between nutrient bags is about 20 cm. 1500-2000 nutrient bags are used per mu. The smooth side of the nutrient bag is selected, and this side has sterilization exhaust pinholes. The nutrient bag is tapped 3 times with a nail board to make the bag surface have no less than 50 holes. The perforated side is placed downward in contact with the soil, and the nutrient bag is placed in the same manner as 5 mahjong sticks. When placing, the nutrient bag is in close contact with the ground.

7. The method for growing morels in a simple small shed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the small arch shed built in the step (5) is 30-50 cm, and the width is 80-100 cm. The inner layer of the small arch shed is a black ground film, and the outer layer is a shade net with 3-8 stitches. According to the local sunlight intensity, a shade net with good shading effect should be used when the sunlight is strong, and the ground film and the shade net are compacted.

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