Method for cultivating panax notoginseng in broad-leaved forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating panax notoginseng in a broad-leaved forest. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting forest region; 2) selecting an open area with few weeds under the forest before transplanting; 3) selecting pseudo-ginseng seedlings with undamaged buds and main roots; 4) after transplanting, controlling the soil water content in the seedling emergence period to be 30-35%, and after transplanting, carrying out pest and disease damage spraying operation on the seedlings; (5) applying the prepared fertilizer in the later period of seedling emergence, the early period of budding and the peak period of growth, wherein the application amount of the prepared fertilizer in the later period of seedling emergence is 600-660g / m < 2 >; the application amount of the prepared fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 600-660 g / m < 2 >; the application amount of the prepared fertilizer in the peak growth period is 600-660g / m < 2 >; and (6) harvesting at least before December of the second year after cultivation and transplanting. According to the method, when the panax notoginseng is cultivated in the broad-leaved forest, the wild tending condition is simulated, manual intervention is reduced, the method is suitable for planting the panax notoginseng in various forest environments, the yield, the survival rate, the saponin content, the fresh weight and the alcohol extract content of the panax notoginseng under the forest can be effectively increased, and the quality of the panax notoginseng planted under the forest is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cultivation and processing of Panax notoginseng, and in particular to a method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forests. Background Art

[0002] At present, Panax notoginseng can be divided into three types according to the cultivation environment mode: under-forest cultivation, conventional field cultivation and facility cultivation. Among them, coniferous forests have the characteristics of less light shielding and relatively sufficient light in the under-forest environment, which meets the growth needs of Panax notoginseng. Therefore, under-forest cultivation mainly refers to the cultivation of Panax notoginseng under coniferous forests, and its production management is mostly implemented in accordance with the field cultivation mode.

[0003] In order to meet the rapid development of the Panax notoginseng industry and increase the planting area of ​​Panax notoginseng, the cultivation of Panax notoginseng under the forest has attracted much attention from the public. At present, the cultivation environment of Panax notoginseng under the forest is mainly based on coniferous forests (Simao pine, Yunnan pine, and sand pine). Production management mostly refers to the field cultivation model, which requires building sheds and boxes before transplanting or sowing. During the cultivation process, pest and disease management and Panax notoginseng nutrient supply can also be appropriately carried out. Therefore, this production model requires a large amount of agricultural facilities for conservation. During the conservation process, the machinery and equipment are large and mainly rely on manual labor, resulting in high production costs. In addition, various conservation work will also have an adverse impact on the ecological environment under the forest.

[0004] In the existing under-forest cultivation methods of Panax notoginseng, such as the Panax notoginseng planting method in high-altitude areas disclosed in CN 201310286173.X, the selected vegetation and surrounding forest environment are subtropical mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest and semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest forest vegetation. This method can achieve a survival rate of more than 80% for Panax notoginseng at an altitude of 2000-2600m. The technical solution provided by this invention is less feasible, and the resources of evergreen broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 2000-2600m are very limited worldwide. At the same time, the growth management of Panax notoginseng at each growth stage in this method requires high requirements and a high degree of manual participation, such as dimming during the cultivation and management period according to needs and setting up special sunshade nets. The operation is cumbersome and difficult to implement in remote areas. At the same time, this method requires multiple operations such as overlapping beds, setting up special sunshade nets, adjusting light according to different seasons, and laying grass and films for cold protection, which leads to serious damage to the ecological environment under the forest. In order to achieve these operations, the forest area must be destroyed to cut down trees, which affects the normal maintenance of the forest area. For details, see Figure 2 As shown, it can be seen that when this method is used in forest areas, a relatively open area must be obtained first for transplanting and subsequent operations, which causes serious damage to the forest environment. At the same time, after the shade net is built, it needs to be manually dismantled, which increases labor cost investment.

[0005] At the same time, this method does not mention the average fresh weight of the main root of the cultivated Panax notoginseng, the content of alcohol extract, the content of saponin, and other indicators that can reflect the quality of Panax notoginseng. This method cannot improve the problems of small fresh weight, low yield, and low content of Panax notoginseng's effective ingredients in Panax notoginseng cultivated in the forest environment.

[0006] At the same time, the existing cultivation of Panax notoginseng under the forest requires ridges and boxes to be built under the forest. The boxes are placed on the ground under the forest for a long time, which seriously damages the vegetation under the forest.

[0007] At the same time, when planting Panax notoginseng in the existing forest environment, in order to obtain enough space to build various facilities, the trees in the alternative forest area must be planted in a uniform manner, otherwise the environment for building the above-mentioned structures cannot be obtained. This leads to the scarcity of such forest resources, and it is impossible to achieve the requirement of fully utilizing the land to increase the planting area of ​​Panax notoginseng.

[0008] When transplanting Panax notoginseng under forests, the survival rate of Panax notoginseng seedlings is low in the early stage of transplanting, only about 50%, because the environment under the forest is relatively shaded and the ventilation conditions are poor compared to the field, which leads to a decrease in the yield of Panax notoginseng in the later stage.

[0009] The information disclosed in the background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forests, which method does not require the setting of beds, setting of special sunshade nets and shade sheds, adjusting light according to different seasons, laying grass and films for cold protection, etc., and can ensure that the survival rate of Panax notoginseng cultivated under broad-leaved forests is up to 85%. The method can effectively reduce the damage to the understory environment and effectively protect the environment of broad-leaved forest areas.

[0011] The present application provides a method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under a broad-leaved forest, comprising the following steps:

[0012] 1) selecting a broad-leaved forest area in which the planting forest area is at least one of a birch forest area, a Michelia maudiae forest area, an Alseodaphnopsis sichourensis forest area, and a red cone forest area, and the trees in the forest area are arranged irregularly, irregularly, or regularly, and performing subsequent steps;

[0013] 2) Before transplanting, select an open area with less weeds under the forest, clean up the dead branches and leaves on the surface of the soil layer in the area, collect the dead branches and leaves and pile them on one side of the Panax notoginseng planting area, level the plot, and apply the bacterial dosage ≥3g / m 2 Sprinkle the compound fungus of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus on the plot, and then spread it at 300-900g / m 2 Rubber charcoal was sprinkled on the plot, and finally 8-16g / m 2 Sprinkle silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium fertilizer;

[0014] 3) Select Panax notoginseng seedlings with intact buds and taproots and transplant them to the selected forest area under the forest, with a transplanting density of 40 to 80 plants / m 2 ;

[0015] The requirements for the selected Panax notoginseng seedlings before transplanting are: fresh weight ≥ 1.5g / plant, and the amount of Panax notoginseng root rot bacteria (Cylindrocarpon sp.) carried on the seedlings is required to be less than 1×10 4 Individuals / strain, Fusarium sp. quantity<1×10 4 Number / strain, number of Mycocentrospora acerina<1×10 3 The total nitrogen content of the seedlings is ≤18.00 g / kg; the storage time from seedling picking to transplanting is controlled to be ≤3 days; the total nitrogen content (nitrogen content) of the seedlings can also be 11.32, 15.08, 16.12 g / kg. The optimal value is 15.08 g / kg, at which time the survival rate after transplanting is the highest.

[0016] 4) After transplanting, the soil moisture content during the emergence period is controlled at 30-35%, and the seedlings are sprayed with pests and diseases after transplanting;

[0017] 5) Apply compound fertilizer in the late germination period, early budding period and peak growth period. The application rate of compound fertilizer in the early germination period is 600-660g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 600-660g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer during the peak growth period is 600-660g / m 2 ;

[0018] 6) Cultivate until at least December of the second year after transplanting and harvest.

[0019] The method as a whole ensures that the survival rate of Panax notoginseng after transplanting is above 80%. The method does not need to set up a large number of under-forest facilities such as existing commonly used sunshade net sheds, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the under-forest environment. The method only needs to apply pesticides in the early stage and outbreak period of pests and diseases during the growth period, and the amount of pesticides applied is relatively small. At the same time, fertilization is only carried out during the growth period, which can effectively protect the under-forest environment and reduce the damage to the under-forest environment caused by residual fertilizers and pesticides. While effectively protecting the under-forest environment, a better Panax notoginseng yield is obtained. At the same time, it ensures that the natural wild environment is simulated during planting to reduce the impact of manual operations on the under-forest environment. The planting areas of this method are spaced apart from each other, which can better simulate the natural growth environment, obtain better yields and reduce pests and diseases. The application amount of the composite bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus can also be 6, 9, or 12 g / m 2 , or greater than 12g / m 2. Both can achieve good nematode control effects, but considering the protection of the ecological environment in the forest area, 12g / m 2 The effect is best. The usage of rubber charcoal can also be 600, 1200g / m 2 .

[0020] More preferably, the transplanted forest area is a Michelia forest area.

[0021] Preferably, the trees in the forest area are arranged irregularly. This method does not require the construction of various understory facilities, so there is no requirement for the arrangement of trees in the forest area.

[0022] Preferably, the application amount of the composite bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus is 9-12 g / m 2 Applying biological agents in this ratio can not only avoid residues in the forest understory, but also prevent nematodes from invading Panax notoginseng. After preventing nematodes, it can further prevent and control various pathogens carried by nematodes, thereby reducing various soil-borne diseases in the forest understory.

[0023] Preferably, there is a water source within 1000m around the selected forest area, which makes it convenient to replenish water in time according to planting needs in the later stage.

[0024] Preferably, the viable count is 9 g / m 2 The compound fungus of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas lilacinus was sprinkled on the plot, and then 500g / m 2 Rubber charcoal was sprinkled on the plot, and finally 10-12g / m 2 Sprinkle silicon calcium magnesium potassium fertilizer. This can significantly increase the content of notoginseng saponin components and alcohol extract. The application rate of silicon calcium magnesium potassium fertilizer can also be 4, 8, 12, 16g / m 2 .

[0025] Preferably, the fresh weight of the seedlings is 2.5-1.8 g / plant, and the amount of Cylindrocarpon sp. carried by the seedlings is less than 1×10 3 Individuals / strain, Fusarium sp.<1×10 3 Mycocentrospora acerina<1×10 3 pieces / plant; total nitrogen content of seedlings 14.0-15.0g / kg; storage time from seedling collection to planting ≤3 days.

[0026] Preferably, the transplanting density is 60 plants / m 2 .

[0027] Preferably, the fertilizer used is: 4-5 g / m of nutrient Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 1~3mL / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54~9.28g / m 2, Sheep manure 576.75~635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11~4.95g / m 2 More preferably, the fertilizer used is: 4.5g / m of nutrient Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 2mL / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54~9.28g / m 2 , Sheep manure 576.75~635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11~4.95g / m 2 composition.

[0028] Preferably, the method for preparing the prepared fertilizer comprises: laying a waterproof tarpaulin in a sunny area under the forest, laying a sheep manure layer with a thickness of 7 to 10 cm on the waterproof tarpaulin, adjusting the humidity of the sheep manure to 60 to 70%, collecting and composting the sheep manure for 5 to 6 months, and then drying and breaking; before fertilization, potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, nutritional Bacillus subtilis and chitosan are mixed, diluted 300 to 500 times with water, and then sprayed on the sheep manure and mixed well to obtain the prepared fertilizer. The method is simple to operate, is particularly suitable for use in the forest environment, and has little damage to the forest environment.

[0029] Preferably, the pest spraying operation includes: pest management during the growth period;

[0030] Pest and disease management during the growth period includes: during the cultivation and management process, preventive spraying is carried out one week before the prone period according to the occurrence characteristics of fungal diseases and viral diseases, and therapeutic spraying is carried out when fungal diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, and insect pests are found;

[0031] Preferably, pest and disease management during the growth period includes:

[0032] 11) When fungal diseases are found during the cultivation and management process, remove the diseased and damaged plants, and spray at least two of the following: Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, berberine, carvacrol, and physcion, dilute 500 to 800 times, and use continuously for 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between each application;

[0033] After viral diseases are found, spray amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides, dilute 500-800 times and use them continuously for 2-3 times, with an interval of 5-7 days each time; the preventive spraying dosage of amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides is: 1-2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 ;

[0034] After bacterial diseases are found, remove diseased and damaged plants, spray zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin, dilute 500-800 times and use continuously for 2-3 times, each time with an interval of 5-7 days; the preventive spraying dosage of zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin is 1-2g / m2 ; Spray dosage of Zhongshengmycin and Kasugamycin for treatment: 2-3 g / m 2 ;

[0035] 12) Do not use pesticides during the budding stage. Dilute the preparation 1000-1500 times before spraying. The preparation used is the first composite fungus agent or the second composite fungus agent. Spray twice in succession with an interval of 10-15 days between each application.

[0036] 13) During the growth peak period, dilute the preparation 1000-1500 times and then spray. The preparation used is: the first compound bacterial agent or the second compound bacterial agent. Spray 2-3 times continuously with an interval of 10-15 days each time.

[0037] Preferably, pest and disease management during the growth period includes:

[0038] When pests are found during the cultivation and management process, spray at least two of rotenone, azadirachtin, matrine, celangulin, and Bacillus thuringiensis, dilute 300-500 times, and use continuously for 3-4 times, with an interval of 4-5 days each time; the preventive spraying dosage of each drug for the prevention and control of pests and diseases is 1-1.5g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5~2g / m 2 .

[0039] Preferably, in step 12), the first composite bacterial agent is composed of: Bacillus polymyxa, amino oligosaccharides, kasugamycin, and zhongshengmycin;

[0040] The second composite bacterial agent is composed of berberine, physaccharin methyl ether, amino oligosaccharides, and kasugamycin;

[0041] Preferably, in step 13), the first compound bacterial agent is composed of: Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, chitosan, zhongshengmycin, and rotenone;

[0042] The second compound bacterial agent is composed of: carvacrol, physaccharin methyl ether, amino oligosaccharides, kasugamycin, and sinomenine.

[0043] Preferably, when preventing and controlling fungal diseases in step 11), the effective viable bacteria count of the polymyxa bacillus used is ≥ 20*10 8 CFU / g, the dosage for preventive spraying is: 1~2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2~2.5g / m 2 ;

[0044] 11) When preventing and controlling fungal diseases, the effective number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis used is ≥ 1*10 8 CFU / g;, preventive spraying dosage: 1~2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2~2.5g / m 2 ;

[0045] 11) When preventing and treating fungal diseases, the effective number of live Pseudomonas used is ≥ 1*10 8 CFU / g, preventive spraying dosage: 1.5~2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2~2.5g / m 2 ;

[0046] 11) When preventing and treating fungal diseases, the effective ingredient of berberine used is 4%, and the dosage for preventive spraying is 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 ;

[0047] 11) When preventing and controlling fungal diseases, the total active ingredient of carvacrol used is 2.1%, and the preventive spraying dosage is 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 ;

[0048] 11) When preventing and controlling fungal diseases, the effective ingredient of physcion methyl ether is 0.5%, and the preventive spraying dosage is 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 .

[0049] Preferably, when preventing and controlling viral diseases, the active ingredient content of the amino oligosaccharide used is 2%; the active ingredient content of the chitosan oligosaccharide used is 0.5%;

[0050] Preferably, when preventing and controlling bacterial diseases, the active ingredient content of the zhongshengmycin used is 3%, and the active ingredient content of the kasugamycin used is 3%;

[0051] Preferably, when controlling pests and diseases, the effective ingredient content of rotenone used is 7.5%; the effective ingredient content of azadirachtin is 1%; the effective ingredient content of matrine is 0.5%; the effective viable bacterial count of Bacillus thuringiensis is ≥1*10 10 CFU / g.

[0052] Preferably, the volume ratio of the sprayed synmycin to kasugamycin is 1:1; the volume ratio of the sprayed amino oligosaccharides to chitosan oligosaccharides is 1:1;

[0053] Preferably, the fertilizer application rate in the late emergence period is 596 g / m 2 ; The application rate of fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 656g / m 2 ; The application rate of the fertilizer during the peak growth period is 656g / m 2 .

[0054] Preferably, after harvesting, the above-ground part and the underground part of Panax notoginseng are separated, the above-ground part is rinsed with clean water for 2 to 3 times, the water is drained, and the part is dried with hot air at a constant temperature of 40° C. to a moisture content of 7% to 9%, and then packaged for export;

[0055] The underground part of Panax notoginseng: the cut ends, fibrous roots and taproots are separated; the taproots are cleaned with a high-pressure cleaner, drained, dried with hot air at a constant temperature of 45°C for 72 hours, and then dried in a solar drying greenhouse until the moisture content is 10% to 12%;

[0056] Clean the cut ends with a high-pressure cleaner, drain the water, dry at 50°C for 60 hours, and then dry in a solar drying greenhouse until the moisture content is 10% to 12%;

[0057] The fibrous roots are cleaned with a rock-type cleaning machine, drained, and dried at a constant temperature of 50°C to a moisture content of 10% to 12%; preferably, the above-ground part of Panax notoginseng after harvesting is rinsed with clean water 4 times and dried at a constant temperature of 40°C to a moisture content of 7%; the main root part is dried at a constant temperature of 45°C for 72 hours and then transferred to a solar drying greenhouse to dry to a moisture content of 11%; the cut part is dried at a constant temperature of 50°C for 60 hours and then transferred to a solar drying greenhouse to dry to a moisture content of 10%; the fibrous root part is dried at a constant temperature of 50°C to a moisture content of 11%.

[0058] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0059] 1) The present application provides a method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under a broad-leaved forest. When cultivating Panax notoginseng under a broad-leaved forest, the method simulates wild cultivation conditions to reduce human intervention, is suitable for planting Panax notoginseng in various forest environments, and can effectively increase the yield, survival rate, saponin content, fresh weight, and alcohol extract content of Panax notoginseng under the forest, improve the quality of Panax notoginseng planted under the forest, increase yield, enhance the protection of the ecological environment under the forest, and reduce production costs.

[0060] 2) The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forests provided in this application is scientific and reliable, the quality of the production process is controllable, and the quality is stable and balanced. Compared with the existing method for planting Panax notoginseng under coniferous forests, the method provided in this application simulates the process of cultivating Panax notoginseng under wild forests, and does not require operations such as setting up sunshades and building boxes under the forest, thereby reducing the investment in mechanical farming and agricultural facilities under the forest, reducing the difficulty of operations under the forest, and protecting the ecological environment under the forest to the greatest extent.

[0061] 3) The cultivation method of Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest provided in this application can achieve green prevention and control of Panax notoginseng pests and diseases without the need to use pesticides under the forest, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in the forest environment, reduce the cost of agricultural inputs, and improve the controllability and safety of Panax notoginseng quality. The nutrient supply is mainly green organic products, which ensures that the quality and output of Panax notoginseng production are safe, stable and controllable, and improves its economic benefits.

[0062] 4) The present application provides a method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forests. The method can effectively increase the total saponin content of various parts of Panax notoginseng planted under the forest, up to 18.15%, and the alcohol extract content of the main root can reach 28.76%; the average fresh weight of the root of a single Panax notoginseng plant can reach 17.21g / plant; after the application of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium, the yield of Panax notoginseng increased by up to 36.20% relative to CK; the method can also have a preventive effect of 62.52% and a therapeutic effect of 45.94% on Panax notoginseng root-knot nematodes; the nematode reduction rates in rhizosphere soil and Panax notoginseng roots can reach 53.70% and 42.70% respectively.

[0063] 5) The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest provided in the present application can effectively avoid root rot after transplanting the seedlings by controlling the nitrogen content of the seedlings and the time of transfer and transplanting, and effectively improve the survival rate of the seedlings; at the same time, adding rubber charcoal before transplanting can increase the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest to a maximum value of 41.93%, delaying soil acidification, which is beneficial to the growth and development of transplanted Panax notoginseng seedlings under the forest, and improving the yield and survival rate; increasing the content of soil organic matter is beneficial to the growth and development of seedlings;

[0064] 6) The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest provided in this application effectively improves the survival rate and average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng by applying formulated fertilizer, with the highest average fresh weight being 16.22 g / plant and the highest alcohol extract being 24.77%. It effectively improves various performance indicators of Panax notoginseng obtained from under-forest cultivation and improves the quality of Panax notoginseng. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 A field picture of Panax notoginseng cultivation under a coniferous forest in the comparative example provided in this application;

[0066] Figure 2 A site photo of Panax notoginseng cultivation under a sunshade under a coniferous forest in the comparative example provided in this application;

[0067] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the on-site environment of the Panax notoginseng cultivation method under a broad-leaved forest in the embodiment provided in this application;

[0068] Figure 4 The results of the survival rate of the Panax notoginseng yield and quality survey under different broad-leaved forests by the method in Example 1 provided in this application; a) is Qiubei County; b) is Xichou County;

[0069] Figure 5 The results of the average fresh weight of individual plants of the Panax notoginseng yield and quality survey in different broad-leaved forests according to the method in Example 1 provided in this application; a) is Qiubei County; b) is Xichou County;

[0070] Figure 6The results of the total saponin content of the taproot (R1+Rg1+Re+Rb1+Rd) of the survey on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng in different broad-leaved forests according to the method in Example 1 provided in this application; a) is Qiubei County; b) is Xichou County;

[0071] Figure 7 The results of the taproot alcohol extract of the method in Example 1 provided in this application for investigating the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng in different broad-leaved forests; a) is Qiubei County; b) is Xichou County;

[0072] Figure 8 The results of the effects of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest provided in this application are shown in Figure 1; a) is the average fresh weight of the roots of a single Panax notoginseng plant; b) is the fresh yield of Panax notoginseng per mu; c) is the content of Panax notoginseng saponin components (Rg1+Rb1+Rd+Re+R1); d) is the alcohol extract;

[0073] Fig. 9 The experimental results of the effect of understory cultivation on the survival rate of seedlings provided in this application are as follows; a) is the effect of nitrogen content of seedlings on the survival rate of two-year-seven; b) is a line graph of the emergence results of two-year-seven seedlings from the interval between seedlings and transplanting; c) is a bar graph of the effect of the survival rate of two-year-seven seedlings from the interval between seedlings and transplanting;

[0074] Fig.10 The experimental results of the effect of biochar on the survival rate of Panax notoginseng seedlings and rhizosphere soil provided in this application; a) is the survival rate; b) is the pH value of rhizosphere soil; c) is the organic matter content of rhizosphere soil;

[0075] Fig.11 The results of the effect of potassium humate on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest provided in this application; a) is the survival rate; b) is the fresh weight of the main root of a single plant; c) is the content of five saponins; d) is the content of alcohol extract;

[0076] Fig.12 The results of the effect of potassium humate on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest provided in this application; a) is the survival rate; b) is the fresh weight of the main root of a single plant; c) is the content of five saponins; d) is the content of alcohol extract;

[0077] Fig.13 The results of the effect of sheep manure on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest provided in this application; a) is the survival rate; b) is the fresh weight of the main root of a single plant; c) is the content of five saponins; d) is the content of alcohol extract;

[0078] Fig.14The single factor analysis diagram of the optimization experiment of the usage of the main raw materials of the prepared fertilizer provided in this application, wherein a) is a relationship diagram between the average fresh weight of a single plant and each factor; b) is a relationship diagram between the average fresh weight of a single plant and the marginal effect of each factor; c) is a relationship diagram between the survival rate and each factor; d) is a relationship diagram between the survival rate and the marginal effect of each factor; e) is a relationship diagram between the saponin content and each factor; f) is a relationship diagram between the survival rate and the marginal effect of each factor; g) is a relationship diagram between the alcohol extract and each factor; h) is a relationship diagram between the alcohol extract and the marginal effect of each factor; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0080] Example

[0081] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and instruments used in the following examples were obtained from commercial channels; the detection methods used were all existing methods unless otherwise specified.

[0082] 1. Detection methods and instruments:

[0083] 1. Determination method of saponin content: refer to the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, HPLC method.

[0084] 2. Determination method of alcohol extract content: refer to the hot leaching method under the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (General Chapter 2201), using methanol as the solvent.

[0085] 3. Single plant yield calculation method: Count the fresh weight of at least 50 plants per replicate and take the average value

[0086] 4. Survival rate calculation method: Survival rate = final number of seedlings per unit area / total number of transplants per unit area * 100%

[0087] 5. Calculation method of fresh yield per mu: yield per mu = average fresh weight of single plant * number of seedlings per unit area;

[0088] 6. Disease investigation methods

[0089] Nematode population survey: 100 g of rhizosphere soil and 100 g of underground parts of Panax notoginseng were collected from each treatment. The Baermann funnel method improved by Mao Xiaofang et al. was used to separate the number of second-instar nematodes in each treatment, and the nematode reduction rate in the rhizosphere soil and tomato roots was calculated.

[0090] Disease survey: refer to the method of Bridge et al. to conduct a root-knot nematode disease survey, that is, level 0, healthy, no root knots; level 1, 0% to 10%, root system has root knots, but the root knots are not connected to each other; level 2, 11% to 30%, root system has root knots, a few root knots are connected to each other; level 3, 31% to 50%, root system has root knots, less than 1 / 2 of the root knots are connected to each other, and some main lateral roots are deformed; level 4, 51% to 75%, root system has root knots, more than 1 / 2 of the root knots are connected to each other, and some main lateral roots are deformed; level 5, more than 75% of the root system has root knots, most of the root knots are connected to each other, and most of the main lateral roots are deformed. The disease level of each treatment was counted, and the disease index was calculated according to the following formula.

[0091] Disease rate = total number of diseased plants at each level / total number of plants surveyed × 100%

[0092] Disease index = [Σ(number of diseased plants at each level × corresponding level value) / (total number of plants surveyed × highest disease level)] × 100%

[0093] Control effect = (control root knot index - treatment root knot index) / control root knot index × 100%;

[0094] 7. Detection method of nitrogen content in the taproot of seedlings: rinse the roots of seedlings with deionized water and dry them, kill them at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and then dry them at 65℃ until constant weight; after weighing and counting, crush the samples for testing. Take the samples to be tested and boil them with sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide, and use the Kjeldahl method to determine the nitrogen content of the taproot.

[0095] 8. DGG-9140A electric constant temperature air drying oven, SOP type 1 / 100,000 electronic balance, Kjeltec 8400 fully automatic Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and other reagents are of analytical grade.

[0096] 9. Soil organic matter detection method: refer to GB 9834-88 soil organic matter determination method; soil pH value detection method: refer to the soil pH determination method in NY-T 1377-2007.

[0097] 10. The method for detecting the bacterial presence of seedlings in this application refers to the operation method disclosed in Miao Zuoqing, Guo Rongjun, Chen Yujun, et al. Bacterial detection and disinfection treatment effect of Panax notoginseng seedlings [J]. China Plant Protection Guide, 2020, 40(12): 5-9.

[0098] Example 1 Cultivation of Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest

[0099] 1) Select the cultivation environment: The planting forest area is selected to be at least one of the broad-leaved forests of birch forest (Betula alnoides), Michelia forest (Michelia maudiae), Alseodaphnopsis sichourensis, and Castanopsis hystri. The trees in the forest area can be arranged irregularly and do not need to be arranged neatly. The specific forest area selected shall be subject to the verification test;

[0100] 2) Environmental treatment before transplanting: Under the selected forest area, select an open area with less weeds under the forest, first clean up the dead branches and leaves on the surface of the soil layer in this area and pile them on one side of the Panax notoginseng planting area, level the plot, and then add the bacteria at a dosage of 9-12g / m 2 The compound bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus was sprinkled on the plot (the specific usage amount of the bacterial agent in each embodiment is disclosed in "The biological control effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas lilacinus compound bacterial agent in environmental treatment before transplanting"). The compound bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus was used (the compound ratio of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus was 1:1, and the effective viable bacteria count was ≥ 500 million / g, Basford Chinese Medicine Fertilizer Co., Ltd.). Then, 300-900 g / m 2 Rubber charcoal was sprinkled on the plot (the specific amount of rubber charcoal used in each example was as shown in “The Effect of Biochar on the Survival Rate of Panax Notoginseng Seedlings and Rhizosphere Soil under Forest”), and finally 8-16 g / m 2 Sprinkle silicon calcium magnesium potassium fertilizer (30% of the specification produced by Zhongcai Dingyuan Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) (the specific usage of silicon calcium magnesium potassium fertilizer in each embodiment is based on the "Experiment on the Effect of Silicon Calcium Magnesium Potassium on the Yield and Quality of Panax Notoginseng Under Forest").

[0101] 3) Seedling selection: Miaoxiang No. 2 was used, and seedlings with intact buds and taproots were selected; before transplanting, the seedlings were required to have a fresh weight of ≥1.5 g / plant and a Cylindrocarpon sp. count of less than 1×10 4 Individuals / strain, Fusarium sp. quantity<1×10 4 The number of Mycocentrospora acerina was less than 1×10 3 pieces / plant; seedlings ≤18.00g / kg; storage time from seedling collection to planting ≤3 days.

[0102] 4) Transplanting density: 40-80 plants / m 2 ;

[0103] 5) Water management during seedling emergence and planting: During the seedling emergence period, water should be replenished according to the changes in climate and environment to ensure the normal emergence of Panax notoginseng and maintain the soil moisture content at 30-35%;

[0104] 6) Pest and disease management during the growth period:

[0105] 6.1 Pest and disease prevention operations:

[0106] 6.1.1 At the seedling stage, the preparation is diluted 1500 times and then sprayed. The preparation used is the first combination of microbial agents, and the spraying is continued for 2 times with an interval of 7 days each time. The first combination of microbial agents is composed of: Bacillus polymyxa, oligosaccharides, kasugamycin, and azadirachtin, and the mass ratio of each component is 3:2:2:3;

[0107] 6.1.2 Do not use pesticides during the budding period. Dilute the preparation 1500 times before spraying. The preparation used is the first composite microbial agent. Spray twice in succession with an interval of 10 days each time. The first composite microbial agent is: Bacillus polymyxa, oligosaccharides, kasugamycin, and zhongshengmycin. The mass ratio of each component is 3:3:2:2.

[0108] 6.1.3 During the growth peak, dilute the preparation 1000 times and then spray. The preparation used is: the first compound bacterial agent, spray three times continuously with an interval of 10 days each time. The first compound bacterial agent is: Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, chitosan, zhongshengmycin, rotenone, and the mass ratio of each component is 1:1:1:1:1;

[0109] 6.2 Pest and disease treatment:

[0110] 6.2.1 When fungal diseases are found during the cultivation and management process, remove the diseased and damaged plants, spray at least two of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, berberine, carvacrol, and physophanol, dilute 500 times and use it twice continuously, with an interval of 7 days each time; when bacterial diseases are found, remove the diseased and damaged plants, spray sinomenine and kasugamycin (volume ratio of 1:1), dilute 800 times and use it twice continuously, with an interval of 5 days each time; when viral diseases are found, spray amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides (volume ratio of 1:1), dilute 800 times and use it twice continuously, with an interval of 7 days each time.

[0111] 6.2.2 When insect pests are found during the cultivation and management process, spray at least two of rotenone, azadirachtin, matrine, celangulin, and Bacillus thuringiensis, dilute them 300 times, and use them three times in a row, with an interval of 4 days between each application.

[0112] 6.2.3 During the cultivation and management process, preventive spraying should be carried out one week before the prone period according to the occurrence characteristics of fungal diseases and viral diseases, and therapeutic spraying should be carried out when fungal diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases and insect pests are found.

[0113] 1) Drugs used for fungal STDs: Paenibacillus polymyxa (effective viable count ≥ 20*10 8CFU / g; Chengdu Tepu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage is: 1g / m 2 , the therapeutic spray dosage of Bacillus polymyxa: 2g / m 2 ;

[0114] Bacillus subtilis (effective viable count ≥ 1*10 8 CFU / g; Chengdu Tepu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 1g / m 2 , Bacillus subtilis treatment spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0115] Pseudomonas (effective viable count ≥ 1*10 8 CFU / g; Chengdu Tepu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 2g / m 2 , Pseudomonas treatment spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0116] Berberine (active ingredient 4%; Inner Mongolia Qingyuanbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 1g / m 2 , berberine treatment spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0117] Preventive spraying dosage of carvacrol (total active ingredient 2.1%; Dalian Yunlin Carbonization Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.): 1g / m 2 , the therapeutic spray dosage of carvacrol: 2g / m 2 .

[0118] The dosage of physcion (active ingredient 0.5%; Inner Mongolia Qingyuanbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) for preventive spraying: 1g / m 2 , the therapeutic spray dosage of physcion methyl ether: 2g / m 2 .

[0119] 2) Drugs used for viral diseases:

[0120] Aminooligosaccharides (active ingredient 2%; Guizhou Guida Technology Industry Co., Ltd.) for preventive spraying: 1g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage of amino oligosaccharides: 2g / m 2 .

[0121] Chitosan oligosaccharide (active ingredient 0.5%; Chengdu Tepu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 1g / m 2 , chitosan oligosaccharide treatment spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0122] 3) The drugs used for bacterial diseases are: at least one of Zhongshengmycin and Kasugamycin;

[0123] The dosage of Zhongshengmycin (active ingredient 3%; Fujian Kaili Biological Products Co., Ltd.) for preventive spraying: 1g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0124] The dosage of Kasugamycin (active ingredient 3%; Yanbian Chunlei Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for preventive spraying: 1-2 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 .

[0125] 4) The drugs used for insect pests are: rotenone, azadirachtin, matrine, celangulin, and Bacillus thuringiensis;

[0126] Rotenone (active ingredient 7.5%; Inner Mongolia Qingyuanbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 1.5g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0127] Azadirachtin (active ingredient 1%; Chengdu Green Gold Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 1g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5g / m 2 .

[0128] Preventive spraying dosage of matrine (active ingredient 0.5%; Inner Mongolia Qingyuanbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.): 1g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5g / m 2 .

[0129] Bacillus thuringiensis (effective viable count ≥ 1*10 10 CFU / g; Guangzhou Weiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) preventive spraying dosage: 1.5g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5g / m 2 .

[0130] 7) Nutrition management during the growth period of Panax notoginseng: Apply fertilizer once in the late stage of Panax notoginseng emergence (656g / m 2 ); Apply the prepared fertilizer once in the early stage of budding (596g / m 2 ); apply one time of prepared fertilizer (596g / m 2 ). This method can effectively strengthen seedlings, improve the ability of Panax notoginseng to resist diseases and pests, and ensure the survival rate of Panax notoginseng.

[0131] Preparation of compound fertilizer: Spread a waterproof tarpaulin on a sunny open plot, place the purchased sheep manure on the tarpaulin with a thickness of 10 cm, pour clean water to make the sheep manure humidity at 60%, gather it into a pile, cover it with a black plastic mold, and let it compost for 5 months. Open it, dry it and break it for later use. Before fertilization, dilute potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, nutritional Bacillus subtilis and chitosan with water 300 times, spray it on the dry and decomposed sheep manure, and mix it evenly.

[0132] Raw material dosage for fertilizer preparation: 4.5g / m3 of nutritional Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 2mL / m 2 Potassium humate 89.28g / m 2 、Sheep manure 576.75g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11g / m 2 .

[0133] 8) Harvesting: Harvest the whole plant of Panax notoginseng in December of the second year after transplanting.

[0134] 9) Processing: After harvesting, separate the aboveground and underground parts of Panax notoginseng, rinse the aboveground part with clean water for 2-3 times, drain the water, dry it with hot air at 40℃ to a moisture content of 7%-9%, and pack it for export;

[0135] The underground part of Panax notoginseng: the cut ends, fibrous roots and taproots are separated; the taproots are cleaned with a high-pressure cleaner, drained, dried with hot air at a constant temperature of 45°C for 72 hours, and then dried in a solar drying greenhouse until the moisture content is 10% to 12%;

[0136] Clean the cut ends with a high-pressure cleaner, drain the water, dry at 50°C for 60 hours, and then dry in a solar drying greenhouse until the moisture content is 10% to 12%;

[0137] The roots are cleaned in a rock-type cleaning machine, drained, and dried at a constant temperature of 50°C to a moisture content of 10% to 12%; packaged, and stored in a low-temperature dry warehouse.

[0138] Example 2

[0139] The difference from Example 1 is:

[0140] Transplanting density: 40 plants / m 2 ; Storage time from seedling to planting ≤ 3 days; Water management during seedling emergence and planting: soil moisture content maintained at 30%;

[0141] 6.1.1 At the seedling stage, dilute the preparation 1000 times and then spray it. The preparation used is the second combination of microbial agents. Spray it twice in succession with an interval of 10 days each time. The second combination of microbial agents is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, chitosan, kasugamycin and Bacillus thuringiensis. The mass ratio of each component is 1:1:1:1:1.

[0142] 6.1.2 Do not use pesticides during the budding stage. Dilute the preparation 1000 times before spraying. The preparation used is the second composite fungal agent. Spray twice in a row with an interval of 15 days between each application. The second composite fungal agent is composed of berberine, physaccharin methyl ether, amino oligosaccharides, and kasugamycin. The mass ratio of each component is 2:2:3:3.

[0143] 6.1.3 During the growth peak, dilute the preparation 1500 times and then spray. The preparation used is: the second compound bacterial agent, spray twice in a row with an interval of 15 days each time. The second compound bacterial agent is composed of: carvacrol, physaccharin methyl ether, amino oligosaccharide, kasugamycin, and zhongshengmycin. The mass ratio of each component is 1:1:1:1:1.

[0144] 6.2 Pest and disease treatment:

[0145] 6.2.1 When fungal diseases are found during the cultivation and management process, remove the diseased and damaged plants, spray at least two of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, berberine, carvacrol, and physophanol, dilute 800 times and use it continuously for 3 times, with an interval of 5 days each time; when bacterial diseases are found, remove the diseased and damaged plants, spray sinomenine and kasugamycin (volume ratio of 1:1), dilute 500 times and use it continuously for 3 times, with an interval of 7 days each time; when viral diseases are found, spray amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides (volume ratio of 1:1), dilute 500 times and use it continuously for 3 times, with an interval of 5 days each time.

[0146] 6.2.2 When insect pests are found during the cultivation and management process, spray at least two of rotenone, celanguline and azadirachtin, dilute them 500 times and use them continuously for 4 times, with an interval of 5 days between each application.

[0147] 6.2.3 During the cultivation and management process, preventive spraying should be carried out one week before the prone period according to the occurrence characteristics of fungal diseases and viral diseases, and therapeutic spraying should be carried out when fungal diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases and insect pests are found.

[0148] 1) Drugs used for fungal STDs: The dosage for preventive spraying of Paenibacillus polymyxa is 2g / m 2 , the therapeutic spray dosage of Bacillus polymyxa: 2.5g / m 2 ;

[0149] Preventive spraying dosage of Bacillus subtilis: 2g / m 2 , Bacillus subtilis treatment spray dosage: 2.5g / m 2 .

[0150] Preventive spraying dosage for Pseudomonas: 1.5g / m 2 , Pseudomonas treatment spray dosage: 2.5g / m 2 .

[0151] Berberine preventive spray dosage: 1.5g / m 2 , berberine treatment spray dosage: 3g / m 2 .

[0152] Preventive spraying dosage of clove carvacrol: 1.5g / m 2 , the therapeutic spray dosage of carvacrol: 3g / m 2 .

[0153] Preventive spraying dosage of physcion: 1.5g / m 2 , the therapeutic spray dosage of physcion methyl ether: 3g / m 2 .

[0154] 2) Drugs used for viral diseases:

[0155] Preventive spraying dosage of amino oligosaccharides: 2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage of amino oligosaccharides: 3g / m 2 . Chitosan oligosaccharide preventive spraying dosage: 2g / m 2 , chitosan oligosaccharide treatment spray dosage: 3g / m 2 .

[0156] 3) The drugs used for bacterial diseases are: at least one of Zhongshengmycin and Kasugamycin;

[0157] Dosage of Zhongshengmycin for preventive spraying: 1-2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 .

[0158] Preventive spraying dosage of kasugamycin: 2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 3g / m 2 .

[0159] 4) The drugs used for insect pests are: rotenone, azadirachtin, matrine, celangulin, and Bacillus thuringiensis;

[0160] Rotenone preventive spraying dosage: 1g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5g / m 2 .

[0161] Dosage of azadirachtin for preventive spraying: 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5~2g / m 2 .

[0162] Preventive spraying dosage of matrine (active ingredient 0.5%; Inner Mongolia Qingyuanbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.): 1.5g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2g / m2 .

[0163] Preventive spraying dosage of Bacillus thuringiensis: 1g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2g / m 2 .

[0164] 7) Nutrition management during the growth period of Panax notoginseng: Apply fertilizer once in the late stage of Panax notoginseng emergence (596g / m 2 ); Apply a fertilizer once in the early stage of budding (656g / m 2 ); apply one time of prepared fertilizer (656g / m 2 ). This method can effectively strengthen seedlings, improve the ability of Panax notoginseng to resist diseases and pests, and ensure the survival rate of Panax notoginseng.

[0165] Preparation of compound fertilizer: Spread a waterproof tarpaulin on a sunny open plot, place the purchased sheep manure on the tarpaulin with a thickness of 7 cm, pour clean water to make the sheep manure humidity at 70%, gather it into a pile, cover it with a black plastic mold, and let it compost for 6 months, open it, dry it and break it for later use. Before fertilization, dilute potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, nutritional Bacillus subtilis and chitosan with water 500 times, spray it on the dry and decomposed sheep manure, and mix it evenly.

[0166] Raw material dosage for fertilizer preparation: 4.5g / m3 of nutritional Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 2mL / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54g / m 2 , Sheep manure 635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.95g / m 2 .

[0167] 8) Harvesting: Harvest the whole plant of Panax notoginseng in October of the second year after transplanting.

[0168] Example 3

[0169] The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilizer raw material composition is: 4g / m of nutritional Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 1mL / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54g / m 2 、Sheep manure 576.75g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11g / m 2 The application rate of the prepared fertilizer in the late stage of seedling emergence is 600g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 600g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer during the peak growth period is 600g / m 2 .

[0170] Example 4

[0171] The difference from Example 1 is that the fertilizer raw material composition is: 5g / m of nutritional Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 3mL / m 2 Potassium humate 9.28g / m 2 , Sheep manure 635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.95g / m 2 The application rate of the prepared fertilizer in the late stage of seedling emergence is 660g / m 2 The application rate of the prepared fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 660g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer during the peak growth period is 660g / m 2 .

[0172] Method effect verification (the treatment groups of the following tests were all carried out according to the method disclosed in Example 1 for detailed description):

[0173] 1. Survey on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forests:

[0174] 1. Test location

[0175] Transplantation time and experimental treatment for five forest areas (birch forest, Michelia forest, Elaeagnus oleifera forest, understory of Castanopsis hystrix and mixed forest) in Xiangping Mountain, Xichou County and Zhela, Qiubei County: In November 2021, ordinary seedlings and Miaoxiang No. 2 that meet the requirements will be transplanted to the southwestern birch forest, deep mountain Michelia forest, Xichou Elaeagnus oleifera forest, understory of Castanopsis hystrix and mixed forest experimental sites in Xiangping Mountain and Zhela.

[0176] 2. Experimental methods:

[0177] Seedling selection requirements: ordinary seedlings and Miaoxiang No. 2, seedling buds and taproots are not damaged; fresh weight 1.5-2g / plant; seedling carrying Cylindrocarponsp. <1×10 4 Individuals / strain, Fusarium sp.<1×10 4 Mycocentrospora acerina<1×10 3 / plant; total nitrogen content of seedlings ≤

[0178] 18.00g / kg; Storage time from seedling to planting ≤ 3 days

[0179] Transplanting time and test treatment: In November 2021, ordinary seedlings and Miaoxiang No. 2 (variety right number CNA20170718.0, certificate number: No. 2019012887, issuing unit: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China) that meet the requirements will be transplanted to the southwestern birch forest, deep mountain Michelia forest, Xichou oil dan forest, Castanopsis hystrix forest and mixed wood forest test sites in Xiangping Mountain in Wenshan and Zhela at a rate of 45 plants / m 2, dig deep and transplant, one week before transplanting, sprinkle with Trichoderma harzianum * Pseudomonas lilacinus (10g / m 2 )+Rubber charcoal(500g / m 2 )+Silicon calcium magnesium potassium (10g / m 2 ), at least 15 points should be transplanted in each forest area, and each point should be at least 10m 2 .

[0180] Pest and disease prevention and management: During the emergence stage, polymyxa bacillus (1.5 g / m 2 )+amino oligosaccharides (1.5g / m 2 )+Kasugamycin (2g / m 2 )+Azadirachtin(1g / m 2 )+Rotenone(1g / m 2 ), diluted 1000-1500 times and applied twice continuously with an interval of 7-10 days; at the budding stage, Paenibacillus polymyxa (2g / m 2 )+amino oligosaccharide (2g / m 2 )+Kasugamycin (1.5 g / m 2 )+Zhongshengmycin (1.5g / m 2 ), diluted 1000-1500 times, applied twice in succession with an interval of 10-15 days each time; at the peak of growth, Paenibacillus polymyxa (2g / m 2 )+Bacillus subtilis (2g / m 2 )+Algae Oligosaccharide(2g / m 2 )+Zhongshengmycin (2g / m 2 )+Rotenone(1g / m 2 )+Azadirachtin(1g / m 2 ), diluted 1000-1500 times, and applied twice continuously, with an interval of 10-15 days between each application.

[0181] Fertilizer management: Apply a prepared fertilizer (620g / m 2 ), apply the prepared fertilizer once in the early bud stage (620g / m 2 ); apply one time of prepared fertilizer (620g / m 2 ).

[0182] Preparation of compound fertilizer: Spread waterproof tarpaulin on a sunny open plot, place the purchased sheep manure on the tarpaulin with a thickness of 7-10 cm, pour clean water to make the sheep manure humidity at 60%-70%, gather into a pile, cover with black plastic mold, pile and compost for 5 months, open, dry and break for use. Before fertilization, dilute potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, nutritional Bacillus subtilis and chitosan with water 300-500 times, spray on the dry and decomposed sheep manure, and mix evenly.

[0183] Raw material dosage for fertilizer preparation: 4.5g / m3 of nutritional Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 2mL / m 2 , Potassium humate 9g / m 2 , Sheep manure 600g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.5g / m 2 .

[0184] The transplanted seedlings used were Miaoxiang No. 2 and common commercially available Panax notoginseng seedlings; at least 15 sites were transplanted in each forest area, with each site at least 10m 2 .

[0185] 3. Test objects: Test the saponin content and alcohol extract content of the taproot of Panax notoginseng harvested in November of the third year after transplantation, and measure the yield and survival rate of individual plants;

[0186] When harvesting, the number of seedlings in each test point was counted, the fresh weight of the main root and the fresh weight of the stems and leaves of each plant were measured, the contents of five saponins and alcohol extract in the main root of Panax notoginseng, and the content of Rb3 in the stems and leaves were tested.

[0187] 4. Result analysis:

[0188] 4.1 Survival rate: The results are shown in Figure 4 a), b), as can be seen from the figure, the survival rates of common Panax notoginseng seedlings and Miaoxiang No. 2 seedlings transplanted under Michelia sibiricum forest were significantly higher than those in other forest areas both in Qiubei and Xichou; on the contrary, the survival rates of the two seedlings transplanted under mixed wood forest were significantly lower than those in other forest areas; the difference is that, except for the survival rate of common seedlings under Youdan forest in Xichou County, which was significantly higher than that of birch forest and Castanopsis hystrix forest.

[0189] 4.2 Average fresh weight per plant: see Figure 5 a) and b); the average fresh weight of individual Panax notoginseng under forests was affected by different forest areas and seedling types, and the influence of different forest areas on individual plants was stronger than that of seedling varieties. The difference was that the fresh weight of individual Panax notoginseng under five forest types in Qiubei County showed the order of Michelia forest > Hystrix hystrix forest > Oleaceae forest > Birch forest > Miscellaneous wood forest, while that in Xichou County was more complicated, with ordinary seedlings showing the order of Oleaceae forest > Michelia forest > Hystrix hystrix forest > Miscellaneous wood forest > Birch forest, and Miaoxiang No. 2 showing the order of Michelia forest > Hystrix hystrix forest > Birch forest > Hystrix hystrix forest > Miscellaneous wood forest. However, on the whole, the average fresh weight of individual Panax notoginseng under miscellaneous wood forests was low, while that in Michelia forest and Oleaceae forest was relatively high.

[0190] 4.3 Main root saponin content: Results refer to Figure 6a) and b); Because Miaoxiang No. 2 is a variety with high saponin content, the saponin content of Miaoxiang No. 2 in the same forest area in the two test sites is higher than that of ordinary Panax notoginseng seedlings. The saponin content of the same seedling in different forests also varies significantly, especially the saponin content of Miaoxiang No. 2 is more sensitive to the forest area. In Qiubei County, the saponin content of Michelia forest (17.96%) is significantly higher than that of Hystrix cyrtonema forest (17.22%) and Oleaceae forest (16.97%), and that of Oleaceae forest and Hystrix cyrtonema forest is significantly higher than that of birch forest. The saponin content of birch forest (16.21%) and mixed wood forest (16.58%) is the lowest, but the difference is not significant.

[0191] In Xichou County, the content of Michelia glabra forest (18.15%) was significantly higher than that of birch forest (17.36%) and red cone forest (17.07%), and birch forest and red cone forest were significantly higher than that of oleander forest and mixed wood forest, with oleander forest (16.43%) and mixed wood forest (16.38%) having the lowest content. The content of common seedlings under different forests in Yanshan County was not very different, but in Xichou County, the difference was quite obvious, with Michelia glabra forest (16.16%) and birch forest (16.08%) being significantly higher than that of red cone forest, red cone forest (15.62%) being significantly higher than that of oleander forest, oleander forest (15.08%) being significantly higher than mixed wood forest, and the lowest content under mixed wood forest was 14.41%.

[0192] 4.4 Main root alcohol extract content: Results refer to Figure 7 a) and b) ; The alcohol extracts of the taproots of Psoralea corylifolia under the forest were obviously affected by different forest areas and seedling varieties. Among them, the alcohol extracts of the common seedlings and Miaoxiang No. 2 in the two test sites were the highest in the Michelia forest, which were 28.76%, 29.72%, 28.07% and 29.24% respectively, and the lowest in the mixed wood forest were 26.96%, 27.94%, 27.22% and 27.36% respectively. The alcohol extracts of the oil dandelion forest and Castanopsis hystrix forest were second only to that of the Michelia forest but better than that of the birch forest.

[0193] 2. Experiment on the effects of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest

[0194] 1. Experimental method: The experiment was conducted in the forest test base of Qiubei County in November 2018. Before transplanting the Panax notoginseng seedlings, silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium were added according to the experimental treatment and mixed evenly with the soil. The transplanting density was 50 plants / m 2 No human intervention was performed from transplanting to harvesting. The number of seedlings was counted at harvesting in 2020, and the basic agronomic traits, yield per plant and yield per mu were measured. The contents of five saponins and alcohol extracts were tested. The selected Panax notoginseng was a two-year-old under the forest. The difference between CK and the treatment groups was that silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium were not used.

[0195] The experiment was conducted in five treatments (see Table 1 for fertilizer parameters for each treatment), with three replicates for each treatment and a 5-minute repeat period for each replicate. 2 , randomly arranged in the field.

[0196] Table 1 Single fertilizer dosage for each treatment in the experiment

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] 2. Analysis of test objects and test results:

[0200] 2.1 Average fresh weight of roots of Panax notoginseng plants: It can promote the growth of average fresh weight of roots of Panax notoginseng plants under forests ( Figure 8 a); Among them, when the amount of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium used is 12g / m 2 When the treatment was 8g / m, the average fresh weight per plant was the highest at 17.21g / plant. Although this treatment had the best average fresh weight per plant, it was still lower than that of 8g / m 2 and 16g / m 2 There was no significant difference between the two treatments, indicating that the amount of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium used in the cultivation of Panax notoginseng under the forest is not the more the better, but should not exceed 12g / m 2 .

[0201] 2.2 Fresh yield of 37 mu: from Figure 8 As can be seen in b, when the amount of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium used reaches 8g / m 2 When the amount of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium was increased, the fresh yield per mu increased significantly by 36.20% compared with CK. After that, the fresh yield per mu no longer increased significantly when the amount of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium was increased.

[0202] 2.4 Notoginseng saponin components and alcohol extracts: Although silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium did not affect the percentage of five saponins (Rg1+Rb1+Rd+Re+R1) in the main root of Panax notoginseng under the forest, the results are shown in Figure 8 c), but has a greater impact on the percentage of alcohol extract ( Figure 8 d). Compared with CK, at 4g / m 2 The use of silicon calcium magnesium potassium can significantly increase the percentage of alcohol extract in the main root of Panax notoginseng under the forest. After that, the alcohol extract content gradually increased with the increase of silicon calcium magnesium potassium usage, but the increase was small. There was no significant difference among the silicon calcium magnesium potassium treatment groups until the usage increased to 16g / m 2 At 37 ℃, the alcohol extract content of Panax notoginseng main root reached the highest value, which was 27.99%.

[0203] 3. Biocontrol effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma lilacinum complex in environmental treatment before transplanting

[0204] 1. Experimental method: Two-year-old Panax notoginseng (Miaoxiang No. 2) was selected from the forest, and a compound bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas lilacinus was used (compound ratio 1:1, effective viable bacteria count ≥ 500 million / g). The experiment was carried out at the forest test base in Qiubei County in November 2018. The seedlings were transplanted in early November, and the transplanting density was 40 plants / m2 , and conduct a survey on the test results in early May of the following year.

[0205] The experiment set up 4 treatment groups and 1 blank group (see Table 2), each treatment set up 4 replicates, each replicate at least 4m 2 , the experimental groups were randomly arranged in the field.

[0206] Table 2 Experimental treatments and concentrations used

[0207] serial number <![CDATA[Preventive dosage g / m 2 > <![CDATA[Therapeutic usage g / m 2 > CK 0 0 Process 1 3 3 Process 2 6 6 Process 3 9 9 Process 4 12 12

[0208] The operation of each test treatment group is as follows (the difference between CK and the test treatment group is that the complex bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma lilacinum was not used):

[0209] Preventive field test: Before transplanting Panax notoginseng seedlings, apply the composite fungus of Trichoderma harzianum and Psoralea lilacinus to the soil according to the treatment dosage. After 7 days, apply 10mL of root-knot nematode solution (about 2000 larvae) in the holes around the roots of Panax notoginseng. When the Panax notoginseng leaves are in the late stage, the disease situation is counted, and the number of investigations is at least 100 plants per replication.

[0210] Curative field trial: When the two-year-old Panax notoginseng seedlings emerge, apply 10mL of root-knot nematode liquid (about 2000 larvae) in the holes around the roots of Panax notoginseng. After 30 days, apply the compound bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum and Vibrio purpurogenum according to the treatment dosage. When the Panax notoginseng leaves are in the late stage, the disease situation is counted, and the number of investigations is at least 100 plants per replicate.

[0211] 2. According to the disease investigation method, the number of nematodes, the incidence, the control effect, and the disease index were investigated. The results are as follows:

[0212] 2.1 Effect of preventing Panax notoginseng root-knot nematodes under forest

[0213] The results are shown in Table 3:

[0214] Table 3 Preventive effect of each treatment on root-knot nematodes of Panax notoginseng under forest (x±sd, n=4)

[0215]

[0216] Note: Different lowercase letters after each column of data indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level;

[0217] As shown in Table 3, the preventive effect of the composite fungal agent of Trichoderma harzianum and purpurogenase on root-knot nematodes of Panax notoginseng under forests increases with the increase of the concentration used. 2 When the concentration was increased to 12 g / m 2When , the protective effect and the nematode reduction rate in rhizosphere soil and Panax notoginseng roots increased slightly, but the changes were not significant.

[0218] 2.2 Treatment effect of Panax notoginseng root-knot nematodes under forest

[0219] The results are shown in Table 4:

[0220] Table 4 The therapeutic effects of different treatments on Panax notoginseng root-knot nematodes under forests (x±sd, n=4)

[0221]

[0222] Note: Different lowercase letters after each column of data indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level;

[0223] As shown in Table 4, the therapeutic effect of the composite fungal agent of Trichoderma harzianum and purpurogenase on root-knot nematodes of Panax notoginseng under forests increases with the increase of the concentration used. 2 When the concentration was increased, the treatment effect was 45.94%, and the nematode reduction rates in the rhizosphere soil and Panax notoginseng roots were 42.05% and 31.23%, respectively. After that, as the concentration increased, the treatment effect increased, but the difference was not significant. However, the nematode reduction rates in the rhizosphere soil and Panax notoginseng roots decreased when the concentration increased to 12 g / m 2 The highest values ​​were 53.70% and 42.70% respectively, which were significantly higher than the nematode reduction rates of other concentrations.

[0224] IV. Experiment on the effect of nitrogen content in the taproot of seedlings on the survival rate of understory cultivation

[0225] 1. Test method of factors affecting nitrogen content: In November 2018, Panax notoginseng seedlings from different nursery bases were collected, the nitrogen content of the taproots of the seedlings was measured (see the method above), and the seedlings with different nitrogen contents were transplanted in the same base with a transplanting density of 40 plants / m 2 , transplanting area is not less than 10m 2 , each treatment was repeated 3 times. After 10 months of routine management, the total number of seedlings was counted and the survival rate of two years and seven years was measured (according to the above-mentioned survival rate calculation method).

[0226] 2. Experimental methods for factors affecting the interval between seedling collection and transplanting: In November 2018, robust seedlings (seedlings in healthy areas, without mechanical damage, no wireless insect and virus infection, and size controlled at 1.8g±0.2g) were collected from the same nursery base and transported to three experimental sites in Panlong Township, Yanshan County, Shupi Township, Qiubei County, and Xigu Township, Wenshan County. They were transplanted at 40 plants / m2 at intervals of 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, and 9 days after seedling collection, respectively. The planting area of ​​each treatment was not less than 60m 2 , repeated 3 times. Routine management was performed after planting, and the emergence of the two-year-seven seedlings was counted at the end of March of the following year, and the survival of the two-year-seven was counted in October.

[0227] 3. Detection and analysis of results:

[0228] 3.1 Effect of nitrogen content in seedlings on survival rate of 2-year-old mulberry

[0229] The results are as follows Fig. 9 As shown in Figure a, the nitrogen content of the seedlings selected during transplanting is an important indicator affecting the survival rate of understory cultivation after transplanting. When the nitrogen content of the transplanted seedlings is higher than 18.24 g / kg, root rot occurs seriously after transplanting, causing a significant decrease in the survival rate of two years and seven years. The survival rate of seedlings is less than 60% after transplanting to October. Therefore, the nitrogen content of the seedlings selected for understory cultivation cannot exceed 18.00 g / kg.

[0230] 3.2 The interval between seedling removal and planting is two years and seven survival rates:

[0231] The results are as follows Fig. 9 As shown in b and c), the emergence and survival rate of the two-year-old seven in the three test points are affected by the interval between seedling removal and planting. If the seedlings are planted within 3 days after transplanting, the decline in emergence and survival rate is relatively small compared to 1 day, and there is no statistical difference in the decline; if the interval is 5 days or more, the emergence and survival rate of the two-year-old seven will decrease significantly; especially when the interval is 9 days before transplanting, the emergence rate of the two-year-old seven is less than 60%, and as the growth time passes to October, there are almost no surviving two-year-old seven in the three test points. This shows that the interval between seedling removal and planting has a greater impact on understory transplanting, and 3 days is preferred.

[0232] 5. Effects of biochar on the survival rate of Panax notoginseng seedlings and rhizosphere soil under forest

[0233] 1. Experimental method: Rubber charcoal (powder) was selected as biochar and the experiment was carried out at the forest test base in Qiubei County in November 2018. Before transplanting Panax notoginseng seedlings, the experimental areas were selected according to the experimental treatments shown in Table 5, and biochar was added to the areas of each experimental treatment (no rubber charcoal was added to the CK treatment) and the soil and biochar were fully mixed. After an interval of 1 week, Panax notoginseng seedlings were transplanted. Ordinary Panax notoginseng seedlings were selected for transplanting, and the transplanting density was 40 plants / m 2 No human intervention was performed from transplanting to harvesting. Rhizosphere soil was collected every 6 months to determine soil pH and organic matter content, and the number of surviving seedlings was counted at harvesting.

[0234] The experiment set up 4 treatment groups and 1 blank group (see Table 5), each treatment set up 4 replicates, and each replicate set up at least a transplanting area of ​​4m 2 , the experimental groups were randomly arranged in the forest.

[0235] Table 5 Experimental treatment and usage

[0236] serial number <![CDATA[Usage g / m 2 > CK 0 Process 1 300 Process 2 600 Process 3 900 Process 4 1200

[0237] 2. Experimental results and analysis:

[0238] 2.1 Survival rate of Panax notoginseng under forest (see above for detection method): Results see Fig.10 a) With the increase of biochar usage, the survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory first increased and then decreased. When the biochar usage reached 900g / m 2 When the amount of biochar used was increased, the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest reached a maximum of 41.93%. After that, if the amount of biochar used was increased, the survival rate would decrease significantly.

[0239] 2.2 pH value of rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng under forest (see above for detection method): Results are shown in Fig.10 b), the pH value of the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng decreased significantly with the extension of planting time, and the pH value of the rhizosphere soil increased after the use of biochar, and the increase value increased with the increase of biochar usage. Similarly, the pH value of the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng under the forest using biochar also decreased with the extension of planting time. The difference is that when the biochar usage reaches 600g / m 2 After that, the decrease of pH value in rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng forest slowed down significantly, indicating that the amount of biochar used reached 600g / m 2 The above can effectively adjust the pH value of rhizosphere soil and delay soil acidification, thereby facilitating the growth and development of transplanted Panax notoginseng seedlings under the forest and increasing the yield and survival rate.

[0240] 2.3 Organic matter content in the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng under the forest (see above for the detection method): Results are shown in Fig.10 c) With the increase of biochar usage, the organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of Panax notoginseng understory increased significantly. When the biochar usage was 1200 g / m 2 , the organic matter content of rhizosphere soil reached the highest level of 94.28%, an increase of 190% compared with CK.

[0241] Biochar is 300~900g / m 2 When used as a base fertilizer, it can improve the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest by alleviating the rapid decrease of pH value in the rhizosphere soil, especially 600-900g / m 2 The effect of alleviating acidification is the best; when the usage increases to 1200g / m 2 Although it has the strongest ability to alleviate the decrease in pH value, a large amount of organic matter accumulation will lead to a decrease in the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest. Therefore, it is recommended to use 600-900g / m 2 Used as base fertilizer to reduce the risk of planting Panax notoginseng under forest.

[0242] VI. Effects of various raw materials in fertilizer preparation on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest

[0243] 1. Experimental method: Potassium fulvic acid (mineral source), potassium humate (mineral source), and sheep manure (fully piled and decomposed) were selected as raw materials.

[0244] The experiment was carried out in the forest test base in Qiubei County in November 2016, with a transplanting density of 50 plants / m 2 Ordinary Panax notoginseng seedlings were selected for understory transplanting. After the Panax notoginseng seedlings emerged, potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid and sheep manure were applied to the seedlings under the forest according to the experimental treatments (Table 6), three times a year, with an interval of 60 days each time. The number of surviving seedlings was counted at the time of harvest in 2018, and the basic agronomic traits, single plant yield and per mu yield were measured. The contents of five saponins and alcohol extract in the main root of the harvested Panax notoginseng were tested.

[0245] Each fertilizer was divided into four treatments (the fertilizer parameters of each treatment are shown in Table 1), each treatment was divided into four replicates, and each replicate had a transplanting area of ​​5 m 2 , randomly arranged in the field. The survival rate, fresh weight of single taproot, contents of five saponins, and alcohol extract content were measured for each treatment.

[0246] Table 6 Single fertilizer dosage for each treatment in the experiment

[0247]

[0248]

[0249] 2. Experimental results and analysis:

[0250] 2.1 Effect of potassium humate on yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest: The results are shown in Fig.11 a~d); 2g / m 2 Potassium humate can significantly improve the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest of Panax notoginseng, but the survival rate begins to decline slowly with the increase of potassium humate dosage. When the dosage exceeds 6g / m 2 There was no significant difference between the survival rate and CK; Potassium humate could promote the growth of the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng under the forest. Unlike the effect on the survival rate, the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng under the forest increased with the increase of potassium humate usage. When the usage reached 4g / m 2 When the dosage was increased to 8 g / m 2 The average fresh weight of each plant was 16.22 g / plant ( Fig.10 b).

[0251] according to Fig.10 c) It can be seen that the effect of low and medium dosage of potassium humate on the contents of five saponins in the taproot of Panax notoginseng under forest is not obvious. The dosage is 6-8 g / m 2 The saponin content increased significantly when Fig.10 d) It can be seen that potassium humate has a significant effect on the alcohol extract of Panax notoginseng main root under the forest. Low doses of potassium humate can significantly increase the alcohol extract, and the increase in alcohol extract is more obvious with the increase of potassium humate concentration.

[0252] 2.2 Effect of potassium fulvic acid on yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest: The results obtained are shown in Fig.12 a-d, the survival rate and average fresh weight of single taproot of Panax notoginseng under forest increased significantly with the increase of potassium humate application. 2 When the amount of potassium humate used was more than 4 g / m, the survival rate of Panax notoginseng and the average fresh weight of the taproot of each plant reached the highest level, which were 30.24% and 17.04 g / plant, respectively. Potassium fulvic acid, like potassium humate, can increase the content of five saponins and alcohol extract in the taproot of Panax notoginseng. The difference is that the amount of potassium fulvic acid used was more than 4 g / m. 2 Although the saponin content and extract still increased, the change was small and there was no significant difference.

[0253] 2.3 Effect of sheep manure on the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng under forest: The results obtained are shown in Fig.13 a~d, compared with CK, the amount of sheep manure used is less than 300g / m 2 The effect on the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest is not obvious. When the usage exceeds 450g / m 2 The survival rate was significantly reduced; according to Fig.10 It can be seen that the fresh weight of the taproot of Panax notoginseng under the forest increased with the increase of the amount of sheep manure used. Among them, although the low amount of sheep manure (150g / m2) increased the average fresh weight of the single plant, there was no significant difference with CK. When the amount of sheep manure used reached 300g / m2, the average fresh weight of the single plant was significantly higher than that of CK. When the amount of sheep manure used increased to 600g / m 2 When , the average fresh weight of single plant reached the highest, which was 17.70%.

[0254] according to Fig.11 and Fig.12 It can be seen that the use of sheep manure will not cause changes in the contents of the five saponins in the main roots of Panax notoginseng, but can increase the content of alcohol extracts, and the content of alcohol extracts increases with the increase in the use of sheep manure. When the use of potassium humate is 8g / m 2 The survival rate and average fresh weight of single taproot of Panax notoginseng in the forest reached the highest level when the amount of sheep manure used was 600g / m 2 When , the alcohol extract reached a maximum of 24.77%.

[0255] 2.4 Sheep manure can significantly increase the average fresh weight and alcohol extract content of Panax notoginseng understory, without affecting the saponin content, but excessive use will lead to a decrease in survival rate; low doses of potassium humate can significantly increase the alcohol extract content of Panax notoginseng understory, while having little effect on the saponin content and average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng understory. 2The saponin content and average fresh weight of each plant will increase significantly only when the growth rate reaches 400%, but the survival rate begins to decrease significantly at this time; potassium humate has an effect on improving the survival rate, average fresh weight of each plant, saponin content and alcohol extract content of Panax notoginseng under high forests, and the higher the amount of potassium humate used, the more obvious the improvement effect. Therefore, combined with the yield and internal components, it is concluded that the optimal amount of potassium humate used alone in the cultivation of Panax notoginseng under forests is 4g / m 2 The best dosage of potassium humate is 8g / m 2 The best usage of sheep manure alone is 600g / m 2 .

[0256] 7. Experiment on optimizing the usage of main raw materials for preparing fertilizer (the single factor experiment used in this experiment refers to the content in Section 6)

[0257] 1. Experimental method: It started in November 2018 and ended in November 2020. The dosage of potassium humate, potassium humate and sheep manure was used as variable factors. A three-factor quadratic universal rotation combination design was adopted. The design experiment is shown in Tables 7 and 8. It was implemented according to 31 / 2. The average of the results was used for the same return operation. The factor level setting and coding are shown in Table 1. The processing raw material matrix and dosage are shown in the table. There are 20 treatments in total, 4 replicates for each treatment, and 10m 2 The raw materials used are potassium fulvic acid (mineral source), potassium humate (mineral source), sheep manure (purchased and dried), Bacillus subtilis, and chitosan.

[0258] Table 7 Factor level coding table

[0259]

[0260] Table 8 Test structure matrix and raw material dosage (g / m 2 )

[0261]

[0262]

[0263] Fertilizer configuration and usage in the treatment group:

[0264] Method for composting sheep manure: Spread a waterproof tarpaulin on a sunny open area, place the purchased sheep manure on the tarpaulin with a thickness of 7 to 10 cm, pour clean water into it to make the humidity of the sheep manure at 60% to 70%, gather it into a pile, cover it with a black plastic mold, compost it for 5 months, open it, dry it and break it up for later use.

[0265] Preparation method of fertilizer: The raw materials of each experimental treatment group were weighed according to the area of ​​​​mu (667m 2), before fertilization, dilute potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, nutrient Bacillus subtilis and chitosan with water 300-500 times, spray on dry and decomposed sheep manure, and mix evenly (nutrient Bacillus subtilis dosage 4.5g / m 2 Chitosan dosage 2mL / m 2 ).

[0266] Fertilization method and time: Apply fertilizer three times a year. Apply fertilizer according to experimental treatments in the late seedling stage (mid-March), apply the second fertilizer in the early budding stage (late June), and apply the third fertilizer in the peak growth period (August to September). Fertilizer attached to the leaves of Panax notoginseng needs to be removed after each fertilization.

[0267] 2. Test items: saponin content, single plant yield, survival rate, and alcohol extract content.

[0268] 3. Data processing method: The average value was statistically analyzed using Excel, and the secondary universal rotation combination statistical analysis was performed using the DPS7.05 data processing system.

[0269] 3.1 Establishment of regression equation

[0270] Using the secondary general rotation combination statistical analysis in the DPS7.05 data processing system, the regression equations of the average fresh weight of individual plants Y1, survival rate Y2, five saponin contents Y3 and alcohol extract content Y4 after applying the formulated fertilizer to Panax notoginseng under the forest were obtained:

[0271] Y1=17.20+0.48X1+1.09X2+0.25X3-0.24X1 2 -0.05X2 2 -0.33X3 2 +0.01X1X2+0.09X1X3-0.42X2X3 (1)

[0273] Y2=0.3356+0.0123X1+0.0170X2-0.0071X3-0.0086X1 2 -0.011X2 2 -0.0163X3 2 +0.0027X1X2+0.0002X1X3-0.0062

[0274] X2X3(2)

[0275] Y3=0.1515+0.0072X1+0.0109X2+0.0034X3-0.0066X1 2 -0.0081X2 2 -0.0059X3 2-0.0002X1X2+0.0003X1X3+0.0001X

[0276] 2X3(3)

[0277] Y4=0.2962+0.0084X1+0.0125X2+0.0062X3-0.0069X1 2 -0.0096X2 2 -0.0034X3 2 +0.0010X1X2+0.0021X1X3-0.0025X

[0278] 2X3(4)

[0279] The variance analysis results of the regression equation of average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng per plant under forests showed that (Table 4), F 失拟 =1.71, and F is obtained by looking up the table 0.05 (5,5)=5.05, F 失拟 <F 0.05 (5,6) is not significant; the equation is subjected to F 回归模型 Test, the test result is F 回归模型 =16.55, and F is obtained by looking up the table 0.01 (9,10)=3.14,F 回归模型 >F 0.01 (9,10) shows that the equation is extremely significant at the α=0.01 level, so the regression equation has good fitting and credibility. 2 、X3 2 , X2X3 are significant at the α=0.10 level. Eliminating the insignificant terms in equation (1) yields the optimized regression equation:

[0280] Y 1* =17.20+0.48X1+1.09X2+0.25X3-0.24X1 2 -0.33X3 2 -0.42X2X3 (5)

[0281] Table 9 Variance analysis table of the average fresh weight test results of Panax notoginseng single plant under forest

[0282]

[0283] The variance analysis results of the regression equation of the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under forests showed that (Table 5), F 失拟 =7.47, and we can get F by looking up the table. 0.05 (5,5)=5.05, F 失拟 >F 0.05 (5,5) has significant difference; F回归模型 Test, the test result is F 回归模型 =13.73, and we can get F by looking up the table. 0.01 (9,10)=3.14,F 回归模型 >F 0.01 (9,10) shows that the equation is extremely significant at the α=0.01 level, so the regression equation has a good fit but low credibility. 2 , X2 2 、X3 2 It is significant at the α=0.10 level. Eliminating the insignificant terms in equation (2) yields the optimized regression equation:

[0284] Y 2* =0.336+0.012X1+0.0170X2-0.007X3-0.009X1 2 -0.011X2 2 -0.02X3 2 (6)

[0285] Table 10 Variance analysis table of Panax notoginseng survival rate test results under forest

[0286]

[0287] The results of variance analysis of the regression equation of the content of five saponins of Panax notoginseng understory by various factors showed (Table 6), F 失拟 =0.98, and F is obtained by looking up the table 0.05 (5,5)=5.05, F 失拟 <F 0.05 (5,5) has significant difference; F 回归模型 Test, the test result is F 回归模型 =6.39, and we can get F by looking up the table. 0.01 (9,10)=3.14,F 回归模型 >F 0.01 (9,10) shows that the equation is extremely significant at the α=0.01 level, so the regression equation has good fitting and credibility. 2 , X2 2 、X3 2 It is significant at the α=0.10 level. Eliminating the insignificant terms in equation (3) yields the optimized regression equation:

[0288] Y 3* =0.1515+0.0072X1+0.0109X2-0.0066X1 2 -0.0081X2 2 -0.0059X3 2 (7)

[0289] Table 11 Variance analysis table of the test results of five saponin contents of Panax notoginseng under the forest

[0290]

[0291] The results of variance analysis of the regression equation of the content of Panax notoginseng alcohol extracts from forests by various factors showed (Table 7), F 失拟 =0.26, and F is obtained by looking up the table 0.05 (5,5)=5.05, F 失拟 <F 0.05 (5,5) has significant difference; F 回归模型 Test, the test result is F 回归模型 =6.34, and we can get F by looking up the table. 0.01 (9,10)=3.14,F 回归模型 >F 0.01 (9,10) shows that the equation is extremely significant at the α=0.01 level, so the regression equation has good fitting and credibility. 2 , X2 2 It is significant at the α=0.10 level. Eliminating the insignificant terms in equation (4) yields the optimized regression equation:

[0292] Y 4* =0.2962+0.0084X1+0.0125X2+0.0062X3-0.0069X1 2 -0.0096X2 2 (8)

[0293] Table 12 Variance analysis table of the test results of Panax notoginseng alcohol extract under forest

[0294]

[0295] 3.2 Univariate analysis

[0296] 3.2.1 Single factor analysis of average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng plants under forest

[0297] The other factors in the regression equation (1) were fixed to 0, and the dimension was reduced to derive the relationship model between the single factor and the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng single plant under the forest, and the univariate regression equations (9) to (11) were obtained:

[0298] y1=17.20+0.48X1-0.24X1 2 (9)

[0299] y2=17.20+1.09X2-0.05X2 2 (10)

[0300] y3=17.20+0.25X3-0.33X3 2 (11)

[0301] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (9) to (11), we can obtain the relationship between the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng per plant and each factor. Fig.14 a), as shown in the figure, within the experimental factor coding range, X1 (potassium humate) and X3 (sheep manure) showed a downward parabolic change trend with the average fresh weight of a single plant. When the coding values ​​of X1 and X3 were at a low level, the average fresh weight of a single plant increased with the increase of the coding values ​​of the above factors until the X1 coding value was 1.0 (the dosage of potassium humate was 5g / m 2 ), X3 code value is 0.5 (the amount of sheep manure used is 625g / m 2 ), the average fresh weight per plant of the two plants reached the highest value, which was 17.44g / plant and 17.25g / plant respectively. After reaching the highest value, the average fresh weight per plant of the two plants began to decrease with the increase of the factor coding value. The difference is that within the experimental factor coding range, X2 (potassium humate) and the average fresh weight per plant almost increased linearly until the coding value was the largest, that is, the potassium humate usage was 9.68g / m 2 The average fresh weight of a single plant reached a maximum of 19.03g / plant.

[0302] By taking the first-order derivative of the regression equations (9) to (11) between each single factor and output, we can obtain the marginal effect models (12) to (14) of each factor.

[0303]

[0304] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (12) to (14), the relationship between the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng per plant and the marginal effect of each factor was obtained. Fig.14 b. According to the figure, when each single factor increases by one coding value, the change rates of X1, X2 and X3 on the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng understory are 0.48, 0.10 and 0.66 respectively. According to the order of the change rate of each factor, the influence relationship of each single factor on the average fresh weight of a single plant is: sheep manure X3> potassium humate X1> potassium humate X2.

[0305] 3.2.2 Univariate analysis of survival rate of Panax notoginseng under forest

[0306] Fix other factors in regression equation (2) to 0, perform dimensionality reduction, derive the relationship model between single factor and survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory, and obtain univariate regression equations (15) to (17):

[0307] y1=0.336+0.012X1-0.009X1 2 (15)

[0308] y2=0.336+0.017X2-0.011X2 2 (16)

[0309] y3=0.336-0.007X3-0.02X3 2 (17)

[0310] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (15) to (17), we can obtain the relationship between the survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory and each factor. Fig.14 c. As can be seen from the figure, within the coding range of the experimental factors, X1, X2 and X3 show a downward parabolic trend with the survival rate. When the coding values ​​of X1, X2 and X3 are at a low level, the survival rate increases with the increase of the coding values ​​of the above factors until the X1 coding value is 0.5 (the dosage of potassium humate is 4.5g / m 2 ), X2 code value is 1.0 (the usage of potassium humate is 9g / m 2 ), when the X3 code value is 0 (the amount of sheep manure used is 600g / m 2 ), the survival rates of the three reached the highest values, which were 33.96%, 34.22% and 33.56% respectively. After reaching the highest values, the survival rates of the three began to decrease with the increase of factor coding values.

[0311] By taking the first-order derivative inverse of the regression equations (15) to (17) between each single factor and output, we can obtain the marginal effect models (18) to (20) of each factor.

[0312]

[0313] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (18) to (20), we can obtain the relationship between the survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory and the marginal effect of each factor. Fig.14 d. According to the figure, when each single factor increases by one coding value, the change rates of X1, X2 and X3 on the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under the forest are 0.018, 0.022 and 0.040 respectively. According to the order of the change rate of each factor, the influence relationship of each single factor on the survival rate is: sheep manure X3> potassium humate X2> potassium humate X1.

[0314] 3.2.3 Single factor analysis of the content of five saponins in Panax notoginseng

[0315] Fix other factors in regression equation (3) to 0, perform dimensionality reduction, derive the relationship model between single factor and survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory, and obtain univariate regression equations (21) to (23):

[0316] y1=0.1515+0.0072X1-0.0066X1 2 (twenty one)

[0317] y2=0.1515+0.0109X2-0.0081X2 2 (twenty two)

[0318] y3=0.1515+0.0034X3-0.0059X3 2 (twenty three)

[0319] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (21) to (23), the relationship between the content of Panax notoginseng saponins under the forest and each factor was obtained. Fig.14 e). As can be seen from the figure, within the range of experimental factor coding, X1, X2 and X3 show a downward parabolic change trend with saponin content. When the coding values ​​of X1, X2 and X3 are at a low level, the saponin content increases with the increase of the coding values ​​of the above factors until the X1 coding value is 0.5 (the dosage of potassium humate is 4.5g / m 2 ), X2 code value is 0.5 (the usage of potassium humate is 8.5g / m 2 ), when the X3 code value is 0 (the amount of sheep manure used is 600g / m 2 ), the saponin contents of the three reached the highest values, which were 15.35%, 15.49% and 15.15% respectively. After reaching the highest values, the saponin contents of the three began to decrease with the increase of factor coding values.

[0320] By taking the first-order derivative inverse of the regression equations (21) to (23) between each single factor and output, we can obtain the marginal effect models (24) to (26) of each factor.

[0321]

[0322] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (24) to (26), we can obtain the relationship between the survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory and the marginal effect of each factor. Fig.14 f). According to the figure, when each single factor increases by one coding value, the change rates of X1, X2 and X3 on the content of Panax notoginseng saponins are 0.0132, 0.0162 and 0.0118 respectively. According to the order of the change rate of each factor, the influence relationship of each single factor on the content of saponins is: potassium fulvic acid X2> humic acid X1> sheep manure X3.

[0323] 3.2.4 Single factor analysis of the content of Panax notoginseng alcohol extract in forest

[0324] Fix other factors in regression equation (4) to 0, perform dimensionality reduction, derive the relationship model between single factor and survival rate of Panax notoginseng understory, and obtain univariate regression equations (27) to (29):

[0325] y1=0.2962+0.0084X1-0.0069X1 2 (27)

[0326] y2=0.2962+0.0125X2-0.0096X2 2 (28)

[0327] y3=0.2962+0.0062X3-0.0034X3 2 (29)

[0328] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (27) to (29), the relationship between the alcohol extract of Panax notoginseng and each factor was obtained. Fig.14 g). As can be seen from the figure, within the test factor coding range, X1, X2 and X3 and the alcohol extract present a downward parabolic change trend. When the coding values ​​of X1 and X2 are at a low level, the alcohol extract increases with the increase of the coding values ​​of the above factors until the X1 coding value is 0.5 (the dosage of potassium humate is 4.5g / m 2 ), X2 code value is 0.5 (the usage of potassium humate is 8.5g / m 2 ), the alcohol extracts of the two reached the highest values, 29.87% and 30.01% respectively. After reaching the highest values, the alcohol extracts of the three began to decrease as the factor coding value increased. The difference is that within the experimental factor coding range, the alcohol extracts of X3 almost increased linearly until the coding value was the largest, that is, the amount of sheep manure used was 685g / m 2 , the alcohol extract has the highest value of 30.66%.

[0329] By taking the first-order derivative of the regression equations (27) to (29) between each single factor and output, we can obtain the marginal effect models (30) to (32) of each factor.

[0330]

[0331] Substituting the coded values ​​of each factor into regression equations (30) to (32), the marginal effect relationship between the alcohol extract of Panax notoginseng and each factor was obtained. Fig.14 h). According to the figure, when each single factor increases by one coding value, the change rates of X1, X2 and X3 on the alcohol extract of Panax notoginseng are 0.0138, 0.0192 and 0.0068 respectively. According to the order of the change rate of each factor, the influence relationship of each single factor on the alcohol extract is: potassium fulvic acid X2> humic acid X1> sheep manure X3.

[0332] 3.3. Relationship between Panax notoginseng yield and internal components and fertilizer preparation

[0333] 3.3.1. Relationship between the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng plants under forests and the optimal amount of raw materials for preparing fertilizers

[0334] Table 13 Frequency distribution of the values ​​of each variable in the 51 schemes where the average fresh weight of a single plant is greater than the average level of 16.78 g / plant

[0335] level X1 frequency X2 frequency X3 frequency -1.6818 4 0.0784 0 0 9 0.1765 -1 8 0.1569 0 0 10 0.1961 0 12 0.2353 9 0.1765 13 0.2549 1 14 0.2745 20 0.3922 11 0.2157 1.6818 13 0.2549 22 0.4314 8 0.1569

[0336] Table 14 The frequency of each factor in the 51 schemes where the average fresh weight of a single plant is greater than the average level of 16.78 g / plant

[0337] Weighted mean Standard error 95% distribution interval x1 0.414 0.154 0.113～0.715 x2 1.118 0.084 0.952～1.283 x3 -0.013 0.163 -0.333～0.306

[0338] From Tables 13 and 14, when the average fresh weight of a single plant is 16.78 g / plant higher than the average level, the optimal credible coding value range of each factor is: X1 = 0.113 ~ 0.715, X2 = 0.952 ~ 1.283, X3 = -0.333 ~ 0.306, that is, the optimal amount of fertilizer raw materials: potassium humate 4.11 g / m 2 ~4.72g / m 2 ; Potassium humate 8.95g / m 2 ~9.28g / m 2 ; Sheep manure 583.35g / m 2 ~615.30g / m 2 .

[0339] 3.3.2. Relationship between the survival rate of Panax notoginseng under forest and the optimal amount of raw materials for fertilizer preparation

[0340] Table 15 Frequency distribution of the values ​​of each variable in the 30 scenarios with a survival rate greater than the average level of 31.14%

[0341] level X1 frequency X2 frequency X3 frequency -1.6818 0 0 0 0 1 0.0333 -1 4 0.1333 1 0.0333 10 0.3333 0 8 0.2667 9 0.3 13 0.4333 1 11 0.3667 12 0.4 6 0.2 1.6818 7 0.2333 8 0.2667 0 0

[0342] Table 16 Frequency of factors in 30 scenarios with survival rates greater than the average level of 31.14%

[0343] Weighted mean Standard error 95% distribution interval x1 0.626 0.16 0.312～0.939 x2 0.815 0.132 0.556～1.074 x3 -0.189 0.14 -0.465～0.086

[0344] From Tables 15-16 and 11, it can be seen that when the average fresh weight of a single plant is greater than the average level of 16.78 g / plant, the optimal credible coding value range of each factor is: X1 = 0.312-0.939, X2 = 0.556-1.074, X3 = -0.465-0.086, that is, the optimal amount of fertilizer raw materials: potassium humate 4.31 g / m 2 ~4.94g / m 2 ; Potassium humate 8.57g / m 2 ~9.07g / m 2 ; Sheep manure 576.75g / m 2 ~604.30g / m 2 .

[0345] 3.3.3. Relationship between the sum of the five saponin contents in Panax notoginseng and the optimal dosage of fertilizer raw materials

[0346] Table 17 Frequency distribution of the values ​​of each variable in the 31 solutions with saponin content greater than 13.75% of the average level

[0347] level X1 frequency X2 frequency X3 frequency -1.6818 0 0 0 0 2 0.0645 -1 2 0.0645 0 0 8 0.2581 0 11 0.3548 10 0.3226 11 0.3548 1 11 0.3548 14 0.4516 8 0.2581 1.6818 7 0.2258 7 0.2258 2 0.0645

[0348] Table 18 Frequency of each factor in 31 schemes with saponin content greater than 13.75% of the average level

[0349] Weighted mean Standard error 95% distribution interval x1 0.67 0.14 0.395～0.945 x2 0.831 0.113 0.609～1.054 x3 0 0.169 -0.330～0.330

[0350] From Tables 17 and 18, it can be seen that when the average fresh weight of a single plant is 16.78 g / plant higher than the average level, the optimal credible coding value range of each factor is: X1 = 0.395 ~ 0.945, X2 = 0.609 ~ 1.054, X3 = -0.330 ~ 0.330, that is, the optimal amount of fertilizer raw materials used is: potassium humate 4.40 g / m 2 ~4.95g / m 2 ; Potassium humate 8.61g / m 2 ~9.05g / m 2 ; Sheep manure 583.50g / m 2 ~616.50g / m 2 .

[0351] 3.3.4. Relationship between the content of Panax notoginseng alcohol extract and the optimal amount of raw materials for fertilizer preparation

[0352] Table 19 Frequency distribution of the values ​​of each variable in the 48 solutions with alcohol extract content greater than the average level of 28.26%

[0353] level X1 frequency X2 frequency X3 frequency -1.6818 0 0 0 0 5 0.1042 -1 6 0.125 2 0.0417 8 0.1667 0 15 0.3125 16 0.3333 10 0.2083 1 15 0.3125 18 0.375 11 0.2292 1.6818 12 0.25 12 0.25 14 0.2917

[0354] Table 20 Frequency of each factor in 48 schemes with saponin content greater than the average level of 28.26% mu

[0355] Weighted mean Standard error 95% distribution interval x1 0.608 0.127 0.359～0.857 x2 0.754 0.108 0.543～0.965 x3 0.378 0.169 0.046～0.709

[0356] From Tables 19-20, it can be seen that when the average fresh weight of a single plant is 16.78 g / plant higher than the average level, the optimal credible coding value range of each factor is: X1 = 0.395-0.857, X2 = 0.543-0.965, X3 = 0.046-0.709, that is, the optimal amount of fertilizer raw materials used is: potassium humate 4.40 g / m 2 ~4.86g / m 2 ; Potassium humate 8.54g / m 2 ~8.97g / m 2 ; Sheep manure 602.30g / m 2 ~635.45g / m 2 .

[0357] 4 Experimental conclusion

[0358] Through quadratic orthogonal rotation regression analysis, the relationship models Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 between the average fresh weight, survival rate, saponin content, and extract content of individual Panax notoginseng plants under the forest and the use of potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, and sheep manure were established respectively. After eliminating the insignificant items at the α=0.10 level, the optimized relationship model was obtained:

[0359] Y 1* =17.20+0.48X1+1.09X2+0.25X3-0.24X1 2 -0.33X3 2 -0.42X2X3

[0360] Y 2* =0.336+0.012X1+0.0170X2-0.007X3-0.009X1 2 -0.011X2 2 -0.02X3 2

[0361] Y 3* =0.1515+0.0072X1+0.0109X2-0.0066X1 2 -0.0081X2 2 -0.0059X3 2

[0362] Y 4* =0.2962+0.0084X1+0.0125X2+0.0062X3-0.0069X1 2 -0.0096X2 2

[0363] Through single factor analysis, it was found that within the coding range of experimental factors, except for potassium humate and average fresh weight of single plant, sheep manure and alcohol extract, which showed almost linear growth, the influence trends of other factors on average fresh weight of single plant, survival rate, saponin content and extract content showed downward parabolic changes, that is, the yield of each factor increased with the increase of each factor from the low coding level, and when it reached the highest value, the yield decreased with the increase of each factor. And the influence relationship of each factor on the average fresh weight of Panax notoginseng under the forest was X3>X1>X2; the influence relationship on survival rate was X3>X2>X1; the influence relationship on saponin content and alcohol extract was X2>X1>X3. Therefore, in the preparation of fertilizer raw materials in forest cultivation, the use of X2 (potassium humate) and X3 (sheep manure) should be considered first, and then the use of X1 (potassium humate) should be considered.

[0364] In the two-factor interaction test analysis, only X2*X3 had a significant effect on the average fresh weight of individual plants, and the interaction effects of other factors were not obvious, so the interaction effect of the three factors was weak.

[0365] According to the frequency distribution of variable values ​​and factor frequency, after optimization, it is concluded that if the average fresh weight of a single plant is the main factor, the best fertilizer combination is potassium humate 4.11g / m 2 ~4.72g / m 2 Potassium humate 8.95g / m 2 ~9.28g / m 2 、Sheep manure 583.35g / m 2 ~615.30g / m 2 If the survival rate is the main evaluation basis, the optimal amount of potassium humate is 4.31g / m 2 ~4.94g / m 2 Potassium humate 8.57g / m 2 ~9.07g / m 2 、Sheep manure 576.75g / m 2 ~604.30g / m 2 If the saponin content is used as the main evaluation basis, the optimal amount of potassium humate used in the fertilizer preparation is 4.40g / m 2 ~4.95g / m 2 Potassium humate 8.61g / m 2 ~9.05g / m 2 、Sheep manure 583.50g / m 2 ~616.50g / m 2 If the alcohol extract is used as the main evaluation basis, the optimal amount of potassium humate used in the fertilizer preparation is 4.40g / m 2 ~4.86g / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54g / m 2 ~8.97g / m 2 , Sheep manure 602.30g / m 2 ~635.45g / m 2 If both yield and internal components are taken into consideration, the optimal amount of potassium humate for use under forests is 8.54 g / m 2 ~9.28g / m 2 、Sheep manure 576.75g / m 2 ~635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11g / m 2 ~4.95g / m 2 .

[0366] Comparative Example 1

[0367] The difference from Example 1 is that the method disclosed in Example 1 in CN 201310286173.X is used to cultivate Panax notoginseng under forest, and the actual cultivation environment is as follows: Figures 1-2 After the method was implemented in the same base as in Example 1 for 2 years, the survival rate of Panax notoginseng calculated by the above formula was only 67%.

[0368] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under a broad-leaved forest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) selecting a broad-leaved forest area in which the planting forest area is at least one of a birch forest area, a Michelia maudiae forest area, an Alseodaphnopsis sichourensis forest area, and a red cone forest area, and the trees in the forest area are arranged irregularly, irregularly, or regularly, and performing subsequent steps; 2) Before transplanting, select an open area with less weeds under the forest, clean up the dead branches and leaves on the surface of the soil layer in the area, collect the dead branches and leaves and pile them on one side of the Panax notoginseng planting area, level the plot, and use a dosage of ≥3g / m 2 Sprinkle the compound fungus of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus on the plot, and then spread it at 300-900g / m 2 Rubber charcoal was sprinkled on the plot, and finally 8-16g / m 2 Sprinkle silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium fertilizer; 3) Select Panax notoginseng seedlings with intact buds and taproots and transplant them to the selected forest area under the forest, with a transplanting density of 40 to 80 plants / m 2 ; The requirements for the selected Panax notoginseng seedlings before transplanting are: fresh weight ≥ 1.5g / plant, and the amount of Panax notoginseng root rot bacteria (Cylindrocarpon sp.) carried on the seedlings is required to be less than 1×10 4 Individuals / strain, Fusarium sp. quantity<1×10 4 Number / strain, number of Mycocentrospora acerina<1×10 3 Each plant; the total nitrogen content of the seedlings is ≤18.00g / kg; the storage time from seedling picking to transplanting is controlled to ≤3 days; 4) After transplanting, the soil moisture content during the emergence period is controlled at 30-35%, and the seedlings are sprayed with pests and diseases after transplanting; 5) Apply compound fertilizer in the late germination period, early budding period and peak growth period. The application rate of compound fertilizer in the late germination period is 600-660g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 600-660g / m 2 ; The application rate of the prepared fertilizer during the peak growth period is 600-660g / m 2 ; 6) Cultivate until at least December of the second year after transplanting and harvest.

2. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trees in this forest area are arranged in a random and irregular manner; Preferably, the application amount of the composite bacterial agent of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas lilacinus is 9-12 g / m 2 ; Preferably, there is a water source within 1000m around the selected forest area; Preferably, the viable count is 9 g / m 2 The compound fungus of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas lilacinus was sprinkled on the plot, and then 500g / m 2 Rubber charcoal was sprinkled on the plot, and finally 10-12g / m 2 Sprinkle silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium fertilizer; Preferably, the Michelia maudiae forest area.

3. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: Seedling fresh weight 2.5~1.8g / plant, seedling carrying amount of Cylindrocarpon sp.<1×10 3 Individuals / strain, Fusarium sp.<1×10 3 Mycocentrospora acerina<1×10 3 pcs / plant; total nitrogen content of seedlings 14.0~15.0g / kg; storage time from seedling picking to planting ≤3 days; Preferably, the transplanting density is 60 plants / m 2 .

4. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer used is: 4-5 g / m of nutritional Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 1~3mL / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54~9.28g / m 2 , Sheep manure 576.75~635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11~4.95g / m 2 composition; More preferably, the fertilizer used is: 4.5 g / m of nutrient Bacillus subtilis 2 , chitosan 2mL / m 2 Potassium humate 8.54~9.28g / m 2 , Sheep manure 576.75~635.45g / m 2 Potassium humate 4.11~4.95g / m 2 composition; Preferably, the preparation method of the prepared fertilizer includes: laying a waterproof tarpaulin in a sunny area under the forest, laying a sheep manure layer with a thickness of 7 to 10 cm on the waterproof tarpaulin, adjusting the humidity of the sheep manure to 60 to 70%, collecting and composting the sheep manure for 5 to 6 months, and then drying and breaking it; before fertilization, mixing potassium humate, potassium fulvic acid, nutrient Bacillus subtilis and chitosan, diluting them 300 to 500 times with water, and then spraying them on the sheep manure and mixing them evenly to obtain the prepared fertilizer.

5. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pest and disease spraying operations include: pest and disease management during the growth period; Pest and disease management during the growth period includes: during the cultivation and management process, preventive spraying is carried out one week before the prone period according to the occurrence characteristics of fungal diseases and viral diseases, and therapeutic spraying is carried out when fungal diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, and insect pests are found; Preferably, pest and disease management during the growth period includes: 11) When fungal diseases are found during the cultivation and management process, remove the diseased and damaged plants, and spray at least two of the following: Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas, berberine, carvacrol, and physcion, dilute 500 to 800 times, and use continuously for 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between each application; After viral diseases are found, spray amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides, dilute 500-800 times and use them continuously for 2-3 times, with an interval of 5-7 days each time; the preventive spraying dosage of amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides is: 1-2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 ; After bacterial diseases are found, remove diseased and damaged plants, spray zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin, dilute 500-800 times and use continuously for 2-3 times, each time with an interval of 5-7 days; the preventive spraying dosage of zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin is 1-2g / m 2 ; Spray dosage of Zhongshengmycin and Kasugamycin for treatment: 2-3 g / m 2 ; 12) Do not use pesticides during the budding stage. Dilute the preparation 1000-1500 times before spraying. The preparation used is the first composite fungus agent or the second composite fungus agent. Spray twice in succession with an interval of 10-15 days between each application. 13) During the growth peak period, dilute the preparation 1000-1500 times and then spray. The preparation used is: the first compound bacterial agent or the second compound bacterial agent. Spray 2-3 times continuously with an interval of 10-15 days each time. Preferably, pest and disease management during the growth period includes: When pests are found during the cultivation and management process, spray at least two of rotenone, azadirachtin, matrine, celangulin, and Bacillus thuringiensis, dilute 300-500 times, and use continuously for 3-4 times, with an interval of 4-5 days each time; the preventive spraying dosage of each drug for the prevention and control of pests and diseases is 1-1.5g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 1.5~2g / m 2 .

6. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 12), the first composite bacterial agent is composed of: Bacillus polymyxa, amino oligosaccharides, kasugamycin, and zhongshengmycin; The second composite bacterial agent is composed of berberine, physaccharin methyl ether, amino oligosaccharides, and kasugamycin; Preferably, in step 13), the first compound bacterial agent is composed of: Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, chitosan, zhongshengmycin, and rotenone; The second compound bacterial agent is composed of: carvacrol, physaccharin methyl ether, amino oligosaccharides, kasugamycin, and sinomenine.

7. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 11), when preventing and treating fungal diseases, the effective viable bacteria count of the polymyxa bacillus used is ≥ 20*10 8 CFU / g, the dosage for preventive spraying is: 1~2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2~2.5g / m 2 ; 11) When preventing and controlling fungal diseases, the effective number of viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis used is ≥ 1*10 8 CFU / g;, preventive spraying dosage: 1~2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2~2.5g / m 2 ; 11) When preventing and treating fungal diseases, the effective number of live Pseudomonas used is ≥ 1*10 8 CFU / g, preventive spraying dosage: 1.5~2g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2~2.5g / m 2 ; 11) When preventing and treating fungal diseases, the effective ingredient of berberine used is 4%, and the dosage for preventive spraying is 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 ; 11) When preventing and controlling fungal diseases, the total active ingredient of carvacrol used is 2.1%, and the preventive spraying dosage is 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 ; 11) When preventing and controlling fungal diseases, the effective ingredient of physcion methyl ether is 0.5%, and the preventive spraying dosage is 1-1.5 g / m 2 , therapeutic spray dosage: 2-3g / m 2 .

8. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: When preventing and controlling viral diseases, the active ingredient content of amino oligosaccharides used is 2%; the active ingredient content of chitosan oligosaccharides used is 0.5%; Preferably, when preventing and controlling bacterial diseases, the active ingredient content of the zhongshengmycin used is 3%, and the active ingredient content of the kasugamycin used is 3%; Preferably, when controlling pests and diseases, the effective ingredient content of rotenone used is 7.5%; the effective ingredient content of azadirachtin is 1%; the effective ingredient content of matrine is 0.5%; the effective viable bacterial count of Bacillus thuringiensis is ≥1*10 10 CFU / g.

9. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: The volume ratio of spraying streptomycin and kasugamycin is 1:1; the volume ratio of spraying amino oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides is 1:

1.

10. The method for cultivating Panax notoginseng under broad-leaved forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application rate of fertilizer in the late emergence period is 596g / m 2 ; The application rate of fertilizer in the early stage of budding is 656g / m 2 ; The application rate of the fertilizer during the peak growth period is 656g / m 2 .

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