Lubricating liquid, mechanical equipment and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating materials, and particularly relates to lubricating liquid, mechanical equipment and application of the lubricating liquid. The nanometer material is modified by using the extreme pressure agent containing special elements, so that the friction coefficient of the nanometer fluid lubricating liquid can be greatly reduced, the dispersion stability of the lubricating liquid is extremely high, and the modified nanometer material can be dispersed for several months in an oil-based or water-based lubricating agent through a net test. Aiming at the electrostatic catalysis film forming effect of the lubricating liquid, the applicant finds that when the lubricating liquid is used for lubricating a friction surface containing an iron element, the friction surface can be lubricated within the specific range of the mass percent of the modified nano material, the charge voltage and the load, especially under the specific selected values of three parameters, and the friction surface can be lubricated by the lubricating liquid. Inorganic protective films such as ferrous sulfide can be promoted to be formed at the lubricating part, so that the friction coefficient of the lubricating part in the mechanical equipment is further reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of lubricating materials, and specifically relates to a lubricating fluid, mechanical equipment and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of nanotechnology, nano-lubricants have gradually shown great application prospects in mechanical processing and other fields. Based on a series of characteristics such as large specific surface area, high melting point, and low hardness, nanomaterials exert excellent lubrication properties through tribological mechanisms such as micro-bearings, micro-filling, and nano self-healing films. Many metal-based, oxide-based, sulfide-based, and ceramic-based nanomaterials have been widely used in actual production.

[0003] The patent with application number 202211360656.5 discloses a nanofluid lubricant, which is prepared from sodium dodecyl sulfate, oleic acid, modified nanomaterials and base oil. Specifically, the modified nanomaterials include nanomaterials and surface modifiers for modifying nanomaterials; the surface modifiers are saturated or monounsaturated alkyl long chains. This patent utilizes the van der Waals traction effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on alkyl-modified nanomaterials at a concentration slightly lower than its critical gelation concentration, while ensuring the dispersion stability of nanomaterials, it improves the fluidity of the nanofluid lubricant, and can be used under conditions with high fluidity requirements such as micro-lubrication.

[0004] From the measurement results of the friction coefficient of the lubricating fluid prepared by the above patent, the amount of modified nanomaterial added and the friction coefficient are first inversely proportional and then directly proportional. Specifically, when the amount of modified nanomaterial added is 0.04wt%, the friction coefficient is 0.07; when the amount of modified nanomaterial added is 0.06wt%, the friction coefficient drops to a minimum of 0.067; when the amount of modified nanomaterial added is 0.08wt%, the friction coefficient increases to 0.069. Although the oil-based lubricating fluid proposed in this patent has a lower friction coefficient, its addition amount is relatively high, and the lubrication efficiency of each modified nanomaterial needs to be further improved to meet the development of the machinery industry's demand for low-cost, low-friction coefficient lubricating fluids. Summary of the invention

[0005] The first object of the present application is to provide a new type of lubricating fluid with high lubrication efficiency, which is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A lubricating fluid, calculated by mass percentage, comprises 0.01-0.1wt% of a first gelling factor, 0.05-0.7wt% of a second gelling factor, 0.01-0.5wt% of a modified nanomaterial and 98.70-99.93wt% of a base fluid; the modified nanomaterial comprises a nanomaterial and an extreme pressure agent for modifying the nanomaterial; the extreme pressure agent is a saturated or monounsaturated alkyl long chain containing one or more of sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine elements; the nanomaterial is a tubular nanomaterial; the base fluid is oil or water; when the base fluid is oil, the first gelling factor comprises one or more of sodium sulfate organic matter and sodium sulfonate organic matter, and the second gelling factor comprises carboxylic acid organic matter; when the base fluid is water, the first gelling factor comprises carboxylic acid organic matter, and the second gelling factor comprises one or more of sodium sulfate organic matter and sodium sulfonate organic matter.

[0007] First, it should be pointed out that under the concentration design of the first gel factor and the second gel factor of the present application, the overall concentration of the gel factor in the lubricating fluid is lower than the critical gelling concentration, so the lubricating fluid of the present application has a certain fluidity and is a nanofluid lubricating fluid. Secondly, the present application mainly provides two lubricating fluids by adjusting the concentrations of the first gel factor and the second gel factor, one is a water-based lubricating fluid and the other is an oil-based lubricating fluid. The applicant found that when the base fluid uses deionized water, by adjusting the ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate and oleic acid, etc., increasing the amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate added, reducing the amount of oleic acid, etc. added, and utilizing the ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate gel factor and oleic acid and other gel factors, a durable and stable dispersion of a water-based nano lubricating fluid can be achieved. Again, the nanomaterials in the present application can only be tubular nanomaterials. If nanomaterials in other forms are used, extreme pressure agents cannot stably modify them. The main reason is that tubular nanomaterials can provide more surface areas for modification. Not only can different functional groups be introduced through chemical reactions on the outside, but the inner surface can also be modified accordingly. Although two-dimensional planar structures such as graphene provide a large surface area, the diversity and methods of their surface modification are slightly limited compared to tubular nanomaterials.

[0008] Preferably, calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating fluid comprises 0.01 wt% to 0.1 wt% of the first gel factor, 0.05 wt% to 0.7 wt% of the second gel factor, 0.01 wt% to 0.03 wt% of the modified nanomaterial and 99.17 wt% to 99.93 wt% of the base fluid.

[0009] Preferably, the extreme pressure agent containing sulfur elements includes one or more of dodecyl mercaptan, isobutylene sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, dioctyl disulfide, and diphenyl sulfide; the extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus elements includes one or more of tricresyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and di-n-butyl phosphite; the extreme pressure agent containing chlorine elements includes one or more of chlorinated paraffin and chlorinated oils and fats; the sodium sulfate organic matter includes sodium dodecyl sulfate; the sodium sulfonate organic matter includes one or more of sodium p-toluenesulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; the carboxylic acid organic matter includes one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and palmitoleic acid.

[0010] Preferably, the nanomaterial includes any one or more of metal, metal oxide, nitride, polymer, ceramic-based, rare earth-based, and carbon-based nanomaterials. The metal includes but is not limited to copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, iron, cobalt, and tungsten; the metal oxide includes but is not limited to titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, and iron oxide; the nitride includes but is not limited to boron nitride; the polymer includes but is not limited to polystyrene, polyurethane, and polypropylene; the ceramic-based includes but is not limited to aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide; the rare earth-based includes but is not limited to lanthanum oxide and lanthanum fluoride; and the carbon-based includes but is not limited to single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

[0011] Preferably, the size of the nanomaterial in its nanometer dimension is 0.1 to 100 nm, and the size in the non-nanometer dimension is less than or equal to 2 μm. Preferably, the size of the nanomaterial in its nanometer dimension is 1 to 50 nm. Preferably, the size of the nanomaterial in its nanometer dimension is 5 to 20 nm. This technical solution can effectively balance the gravity, buoyancy, surface tension and traction between the nanomaterial and the gel factor in the liquid medium by adjusting the size of the nanomaterial.

[0012] The second purpose of the present application is to propose the application of the above-mentioned lubricating fluid in the field of mechanical equipment lubrication.

[0013] The third purpose of the present application is to provide a method for lubricating mechanical equipment using the above-mentioned lubricating fluid; the material of the part to be lubricated of the mechanical equipment contains iron elements.

[0014] Preferably, when the lubricating fluid is used to lubricate the mechanical equipment, a charging voltage is applied to catalyze the lubrication process.

[0015] Preferably, the applied charging voltage is -2kv to -8kv; the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.01 to 0.03wt%; and the lubricating load is 98 to 392N. Preferably, when the base fluid is water, the applied charging voltage is -2kv, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.01wt%, and the load is 196N; when the base fluid is oil, the applied charging voltage is -2kv, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.01wt%, and the load is 196N. Preferably, the applied charging voltage is -4kv or -8kv, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.02wt%, and the load is 196N. Preferably, the applied charging voltage is -6kv, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.03wt%, and the load is 196N.

[0016] The fourth object of the present application is to provide a mechanical device, wherein the mechanical device is provided with a protective film, and the protective film is formed by any of the mechanical device lubrication methods described above.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present application modifies nanomaterials with extreme pressure agents containing special elements, thereby significantly improving the lubrication performance of the unit modified nanomaterials, and the dispersion stability of the lubricating fluid is extremely high. The net test modified nanomaterials can be dispersed in oil-based or water-based lubricants for several months.

[0019] Regarding the electrostatic catalytic film-forming effect of the lubricating fluid of the present application, the applicant has found that when the lubricating fluid of the present application is used to lubricate the friction surface containing iron elements, within a specific range of modified nanomaterial mass percentage, charging voltage and load, especially under specific selected values ​​of the three parameters, an inorganic protective film such as ferrous sulfide can be formed at the lubricating part, thereby further reducing the friction coefficient of the lubricated part in the mechanical equipment and improving the lubrication efficiency of the unit modified nanomaterial. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to clearly illustrate the embodiments, the drawings of the accompanying drawings are briefly introduced below:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a summary diagram of the dispersion stability of the water-based lubricant in performance test 1;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a summary diagram of the dispersion stability of the oil-based lubricant in performance test 2;

[0023] In the attached figure, the electron microscope images from left to right are the lubricating liquids after standing for 0 days, 60 days and 120 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application will be further described below in the form of specific embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the present application based on these descriptions. In addition, the embodiments of the present application involved in the following description are generally only embodiments of a part of the present application, rather than all embodiments. Therefore, based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] The preparation method of the modified nanomaterial in the following examples comprises the following steps:

[0026] The nanomaterial is put into a solution, and then an extreme pressure agent is added dropwise thereto, and the mixture is placed on an ultrasonic stirrer for vacuum, heating and stirring; after stirring, the mixture is vacuum filtered, and at the same time, it is washed with a solvent to remove the extreme pressure agent that has not been filled, and finally the filter cake is dried, and after grinding and crushing, the modified nanomaterial is obtained. Preferably, 1g of the nanomaterial is put into 100ml of ethanol, and then 5g of the extreme pressure agent is added dropwise thereto, and the mixture is placed on an ultrasonic stirrer, heated to 70°C, and vacuum stirred for 30min; after stirring, the mixture is vacuum filtered, and at the same time, it is washed with anhydrous ethanol to remove the extreme pressure agent that has not been modified, and finally the filter cake is dried, and after grinding and crushing, the modified nanomaterial is obtained.

[0027] The preparation method of the lubricating liquid in the following embodiments comprises the following steps:

[0028] The modified nanomaterial is added to the base liquid, and stirred for 1 to 30 minutes to obtain a nano suspension; the first gel factor and the second gel factor are added to the nano suspension, and ultrasonic heating and stirring are performed below 80° C. and less than 120 minutes until the first gel factor and the second gel factor are dissolved in the base liquid, and the lubricating liquid is obtained by standing for 1 to 20 minutes to cool.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This embodiment discloses a water-based lubricating liquid. Calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating liquid includes 0.01 wt % oleic acid, 0.5 wt % sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.02 wt % dodecyl mercaptan-modified tubular hydroxy carbon nanotubes and 99.47 wt % deionized water.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This embodiment discloses a water-based lubricating liquid. Calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating liquid includes 0.01wt% linoleic acid, 0.05wt% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.01wt% chlorinated grease-modified tubular titanium dioxide, and 99.93wt% deionized water.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] This embodiment discloses a water-based lubricating liquid. Calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating liquid includes 0.1 wt % linolenic acid, 0.7 wt % sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.5 wt % tricresyl phosphate-modified tubular lanthanum fluoride, and 98.7 wt % deionized water.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] This embodiment discloses an oil-based lubricating liquid. Calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating liquid includes 0.5wt% oleic acid, 0.01wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.02wt% dodecyl mercaptan-modified tubular hydroxy carbon nanotubes and 99.47wt% white oil.

[0037] Example 5

[0038] This embodiment discloses an oil-based lubricating liquid. Calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating liquid includes 0.1 wt % sodium p-toluenesulfonate, 0.5 wt % palmitoleic acid, 0.5 wt % di-n-butyl phosphite-modified polystyrene and 98.9 wt % white oil.

[0039] Example 6

[0040] This embodiment discloses an oil-based lubricating liquid. Calculated by mass percentage, the lubricating liquid includes 0.01 wt % sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.05 wt % linoleic acid, 0.01 wt % triethyl phosphate modified silica and 99.93 wt % white oil.

[0041] Example 7

[0042] This embodiment discloses a method for lubricating mechanical equipment using a water-based lubricant according to embodiment 1, wherein the load of the part to be lubricated of the mechanical equipment is 196 N and the material is an iron alloy. The specific steps of using the lubricant are as follows: after the lubricant is injected into the part to be lubricated, a charged voltage of -2 kV is applied to the lubrication interface to catalyze the formation of an inorganic protective film of ferrous sulfide on the part to be lubricated.

[0043] Example 8

[0044] This embodiment discloses a method for lubricating mechanical equipment using a water-based lubricant according to embodiment 2, wherein the load of the part to be lubricated of the mechanical equipment is 196N and the material is steel. The specific steps of using the lubricant are as follows: after the lubricant is injected into the part to be lubricated, a charged voltage of -4kv is applied to the lubrication interface to catalyze the formation of an inorganic protective film of ferric chloride and ferrous chloride at the part to be lubricated.

[0045] Example 9

[0046] This embodiment discloses a method for lubricating mechanical equipment using a water-based lubricant according to embodiment 2, wherein the load of the part to be lubricated of the mechanical equipment is 196N and the material is steel. The specific steps of using the lubricant are as follows: after the lubricant is injected into the part to be lubricated, a charged voltage of -8kv is applied to the lubrication interface to catalyze the formation of an inorganic protective film of ferric chloride and ferrous chloride at the part to be lubricated.

[0047] Example 10

[0048] This embodiment discloses a method for lubricating mechanical equipment using an oil-based lubricant, wherein the load of the part to be lubricated of the mechanical equipment is 196N and the part is made of steel. The oil-based lubricant comprises 0.1wt% linolenic acid, 0.5wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.03wt% tricresyl phosphate modified tubular lanthanum fluoride and 99.37wt% deionized water. The specific steps of using the lubricant are as follows: after the lubricant is injected into the part to be lubricated, a charged voltage of -6kV is applied to the lubrication interface to catalyze the formation of an inorganic protective film of iron phosphite and iron phosphate at the part to be lubricated.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the tubular hydroxy carbon nanotubes are replaced by sheet-like hydroxy graphene.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nanomaterial is not modified with an extreme pressure agent.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the oleic acid is 0.5 wt % and the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.01 wt %.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the comparative example does not contain oleic acid and the amount of sodium lauryl sulfate is 0.51 wt %.

[0057] Comparative Example 5

[0058] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the tubular hydroxy carbon nanotubes are replaced by sheet-like hydroxy graphene.

[0059] Comparative Example 6

[0060] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the nanomaterial is not modified with an extreme pressure agent.

[0061] Comparative Example 7

[0062] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the oleic acid is 0.01 wt % and the sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.5 wt %.

[0063] Performance test 1. Dispersion performance test

[0064] The lubricating liquids described in Examples 1, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were stored for 120 days to observe the changes in the distribution of the modified nanomaterials in the water-based or oil-based systems. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The test results show that the modified nanomaterials can be dispersed stably and durably in the lubricant, whether it is the oil-based lubricant of Example 4 or the water-based lubricant of Example 1. It should be noted that since the concentration of the gel factor of the present application is lower than the critical gel concentration, the lubricant has higher fluidity than conventional solid or gel-like lubricating products, and accordingly, it is more difficult to disperse it durably and uniformly.

[0065] Furthermore, for Comparative Examples 1, 2, 5 and 6, after 120 days of standing, the nanomaterials in the lubricating liquid settled and gathered at the bottom of the bottle, and the color of the lubricating liquid became lighter, proving that the extreme pressure agent modifier has specific requirements for the morphology of the nanomaterials. The lubricating liquid prepared by this application utilizing this characteristic can not only reduce the friction coefficient of the lubricating liquid, but also ensure the long-term storage stability of the lubricating liquid, and ensure the uniform dispersion of the nanomaterials and the extreme pressure agent in the lubricating liquid system.

[0066] In addition, Comparative Examples 3 and 7 prove that under different base fluid conditions, the modified nanomaterials can be uniformly dispersed in the oil-based lubrication system and the water-based lubrication system by adjusting the content of sodium dodecyl sulfate and oleic acid. In the water-based lubrication system, the effect of oleic acid is completely different from the effect disclosed in the patent with application number 202211360656.5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a supramolecular gel factor that is easily soluble in water, but it is difficult to dissolve in oil. Therefore, the above patent uses the oil solubility of oleic acid and the interaction between oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate to promote the dissolution of the gel factor sodium dodecyl sulfate in oil. Therefore, the role of oleic acid disclosed in the patent is to promote the water-soluble supramolecular gel factor to dissolve in oil. Under this logic, in water-based lubricants, in principle, there is no need to use oleic acid, a low water-soluble component, to help sodium dodecyl sulfate disperse, but from the dispersion comparison effect of Comparative Example 4 and Example 1, the addition of oleic acid to the water-based lubricant can reversely cooperate with sodium dodecyl sulfate to improve the dispersion stability of the modified nanomaterial. Therefore, based on this discovery, the present application provides a new technical solution for water-based lubricating fluid by adjusting the addition amount between oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Further, in addition to the oleic acid disclosed in Comparative Example 4, the linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and palm oil listed in the present application can also achieve the above technical effects. Similarly, in addition to sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium p-toluenesulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can also achieve the above technical effects. Of course, the applicant discovered during the research and development process that oleic acid, in addition to the above-mentioned synergistic combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate, etc. to improve the stable dispersion of modified nanomaterials in lubricating fluids, can also be used as a gel factor to reduce the friction coefficient together with sodium dodecyl sulfate, etc. in different systems.

[0067] Performance test 2, friction coefficient test

[0068] Based on the formula of the water-based lubricant disclosed in Example 1, by adjusting the deionized water content, lubricants with modified nanomaterials of 0.01wt%, 0.02wt% and 0.03wt% were formed respectively. The lubrication performance of the prepared lubricant under the catalytic action of charged voltage was tested using an MMW-1 vertical universal friction and wear tester. The specific experimental parameters were: load 196N, flow rate 45mL·h -1 , target distance 10mm, speed 1200r·min -1 , room temperature, the test time is 30min. The test voltages are 0kv, -2kv, -4kv, -6kv respectively. The friction coefficients obtained from the tests are shown in the following table;

[0069] Table 1. Friction coefficient table

[0070]

[0071] First, it should be pointed out that the above table is for water-based lubricants, whose friction coefficient is greater than that of the same oil-based lubricants, so there is no comparability of friction coefficient with the oil-based lubricants disclosed in the prior art. Secondly, by observing the above table, it can be found that under the same amount of modified nanomaterials, when different voltages are applied, the friction coefficient changes are complex and diverse, and there is no clear rule to follow. Therefore, the specific numerical selection of this application has unexpected technical effects.

[0072] Based on the formula of the oil-based lubricant disclosed in Example 4, by adjusting the content of white oil, lubricants with modified nanomaterials of 0.01wt%, 0.02wt% and 0.03wt% were formed respectively. The lubrication performance of the prepared lubricant under the catalytic action of charged voltage was tested using an MMW-1 vertical universal friction and wear tester. The specific experimental parameters were: load 196N, flow rate 45mL·h -1 , target distance 10mm, speed 1200r·min -1 , room temperature, the test time is 30min. The test voltages are 0kv, -2kv, -4kv, -6kv respectively. The friction coefficients obtained from the tests are shown in the following table;

[0073] Table 2. Friction coefficient table

[0074]

[0075] By observing the above table, it can be seen that, as an oil-based lubricant, when the amount of modified nanomaterial added in the present application is 1 / 4 of that in the prior art, the friction effect reaches the same effect, which shows that the oil-based lubricant product of the present application itself can improve the lubrication efficiency of the unit modified nanomaterial. Further, by observing the above table, it can be found that by applying voltage to catalyze the lubrication process, the friction coefficient can be further reduced and the lubrication efficiency of the unit modified nanomaterial can be improved.

Claims

1. A lubricating fluid, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes 0.01-0.1wt% of a first gelling factor, 0.05-0.7wt% of a second gelling factor, 0.01-0.5wt% of a modified nanomaterial and 98.70-99.93wt% of a base liquid; the modified nanomaterial includes a nanomaterial and an extreme pressure agent for modifying the nanomaterial; the extreme pressure agent is a saturated or monounsaturated alkyl long chain containing one or more of sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine elements; the nanomaterial is a tubular nanomaterial; the base liquid is oil or water; when the base liquid is oil, the first gelling factor includes one or more of sodium sulfate organic matter and sodium sulfonate organic matter, and the second gelling factor includes carboxylic acid organic matter; when the base liquid is water, the first gelling factor includes carboxylic acid organic matter, and the second gelling factor includes one or more of sodium sulfate organic matter and sodium sulfonate organic matter.

2. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extreme pressure agent containing sulfur elements includes one or more of dodecyl mercaptan, isobutylene sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, dioctyl disulfide, and diphenyl sulfide; the extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus elements includes one or more of tricresyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and di-n-butyl phosphite; the extreme pressure agent containing chlorine elements includes one or more of chlorinated paraffin and chlorinated oils and fats; the sodium sulfate organic matter includes sodium dodecyl sulfate; the sodium sulfonate organic matter includes one or more of sodium p-toluenesulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; the carboxylic acid organic matter includes one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and palmitoleic acid.

3. Use of the lubricating fluid according to claim 1 or 2 in the field of mechanical equipment lubrication.

4. A method for lubricating mechanical equipment, characterized in that: The lubricating fluid according to claim 1 or 2 is used; the material of the part of the mechanical equipment to be lubricated contains iron elements.

5. A mechanical equipment lubrication method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When lubricating fluid is used to lubricate mechanical equipment, a charged voltage is applied to catalyze the lubrication process.

6. A mechanical equipment lubrication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The applied charging voltage is -2kv to -8kv; the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.01 to 0.03wt%; and the lubricating load is 98 to 392N.

7. A mechanical equipment lubrication method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the base fluid is water, the applied charging voltage is -8kv, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.01wt%, and the load is 196N; when the base fluid is oil, the applied charging voltage is -2kv, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid is 0.01wt%, and the load is 196N.

8. A mechanical equipment lubrication method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The applied charging voltage was -4 kV, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid was 0.02 wt %, and the load was 196N.

9. A mechanical equipment lubrication method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The applied charging voltage was -6 kV, the mass percentage of the modified nanomaterial in the lubricating fluid was 0.03 wt %, and the load was 196N.

10. A mechanical device, characterized in that: The mechanical device is provided with a protective film, and the protective film is formed by the lubrication method according to any one of claims 4 to 9.

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