Hydrogen-based roasting smelting device
By using hydrogen-based roasting smelting devices in nonferrous metal smelting and reducing using high-temperature flue gas heating and hydrogen injection, the problems of high energy consumption and carbon emissions of RKEF technology are solved, achieving a more efficient reduction effect and lower energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411281848.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
AI Technical Summary
The existing RKEF technology has problems such as high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, and high carbonaceous reducing agent consumption in non-ferrous metal smelting, and cannot effectively utilize carbon resources. The traditional carbon reduction method produces a large amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
The hydrogen-based roasting smelting device is adopted, including a rotary kiln, electric furnace, hydrogen-based spray gun and a short-net power supply system. It uses high-temperature flue gas to heat the baked sand and reduces it through hydrogen injection, replacing the traditional carbon reduction method and reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption.
By heating the rotary kiln with waste heat of the electric furnace, energy consumption is saved and carbon emissions are significantly reduced through direct hydrogen reducing agents, achieving a more efficient reduction effect and lower comprehensive energy consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN119123807A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal smelting, and in particular relates to a hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device. Background Art
[0002] At present, non-ferrous metal smelting mainly uses RKEF technology (rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting technology) as a smelting device. When using RKEF, the mixed charge and carbonaceous reducing agent pulverized coal must be mixed and roasted in a rotary kiln. The roasted sand is then loaded into the furnace of an electric furnace, and electrodes are buried in the roasted sand. The arc and current generated by the electrodes generate resistance heat in the roasted sand, and then the roasted sand is heated and melted for reduction smelting. The electric furnace introduces the current of the transformer through the electrodes, and melts the roasted sand into an alloy solution through the current. The temperature in the electric furnace needs to reach 1100-1600℃, and the entire temperature maintenance and heating are supplied by electric energy. During the roasting process, electric furnaces and rotary kilns use carbon as fuel and as a reducing agent, and a large amount of carbon is required. This smelting method has many defects. For example, a large amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are produced during the production process, and there is a problem of not being able to fully utilize carbon and emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide. It is not in line with the national policy of reducing carbon emissions. In addition, roasting with carbon consumes a large amount of carbonaceous reducing agents and electricity during the production process, and the comprehensive energy consumption is relatively high. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device, which has the advantages of energy saving and consumption reduction, good reduction effect and reduced carbon emissions.
[0004] The following technical solutions are adopted:
[0005] A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device comprises a rotary kiln, an electric furnace, a hydrogen-based spray gun and a short-grid power supply system; the rotary kiln is installed on the upper part of the electric furnace; the hydrogen-based spray gun is arranged at the center position above the electric furnace, and the short-grid power supply system supplies power to the electric furnace for melting materials.
[0006] The electric furnace comprises a furnace shell, a furnace cover and refractory materials; the furnace cover is buckled on the furnace shell, and the inner surface of the electric furnace is piled with refractory materials as lining to form a furnace bottom and furnace wall; a through-type hydrogen-based spray gun passage and a first orifice are opened in the center of the furnace cover.
[0007] Three electrode arms are arranged outside the furnace cover, and electrodes are installed on the three electrode arms respectively. The three electrodes are connected to the three phases of the three-phase transformer through water-cooling cables and connecting copper plates respectively; the electrode arms are fixed to the ground through external brackets; roasted sand is accumulated in the furnace bottom and furnace wall, and melted by the electrodes to form a molten pool; the molten pool produces high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is passed into the rotary kiln; the three electrode arms adjust the electrode insertion depth according to the height of the electric furnace molten pool; the three electrodes are vertically installed at the pole center circle of the furnace cover of the electric furnace, the upper end of the electrode extends to the top of the furnace cover, and the lower end of the electrode extends to the molten pool inside the furnace; the short-circuit power supply system is connected to the electrode, and power is supplied through the transformer. The electrode arm holds the electrode, and the electrode is moved up and down by lifting the electrode arm to maintain a stable output of three-phase current.
[0008] The hydrogen-based spray gun is suspended by an electric hoist installed on the top of the plant. The height of the hydrogen-based spray gun is adjusted by the electric hoist on the top, so that the hydrogen-based spray gun moves up and down, and the height of the hydrogen-based spray gun above the liquid surface of the molten pool is controlled.
[0009] A hydrogen pipe 1, a hydrogen pipe 2 and a hydrogen pipe 3 are respectively arranged in the hydrogen-based spray gun, and guide vanes are respectively arranged in the hydrogen pipe 1, the hydrogen pipe 2 and the hydrogen pipe 3 to drive the hydrogen to be sprayed into the molten pool in a spiral shape.
[0010] The rotary kiln comprises a cylinder, a kiln head arranged at the upper end of the cylinder, a material inlet installed at the upper end of the kiln head, a kiln tail arranged at the lower end of the cylinder and a material discharge chute installed at the bottom of the kiln tail, the material discharge chute passes through a first opening on the furnace cover and leads into the electric furnace; the material discharge chute discharges roasted sand into the electric furnace; the kiln tail of the rotary kiln is installed on the upper part of the electric furnace.
[0011] The rotary kiln is installed on the upper part of the furnace cover of the electric furnace, and there is a height difference with the electric furnace; the rotary kiln has a tilt angle of 1-6% when installed, and the tilt angle of the rotary kiln is adjusted according to the roasting time required for the material; the rotary kiln divides the cylinder into high-temperature section, medium-temperature section and low-temperature section through the high-temperature flue gas of the electric furnace.
[0012] A cooling circulation water circuit is arranged inside the furnace cover, and the cooling circulation water circuit is divided into a core cooling zone and a peripheral cooling zone. The insides of the two cooling zones are evenly divided into a plurality of cooling domains based on the center of the furnace cover, and a discrete water baffle is arranged in each cooling domain.
[0013] The temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1350-1450℃; the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 1200℃.
[0014] The adjustable range of the electrode arm is between 0-2.5m; the pole center circle diameter is 1 / 2 of the furnace diameter; the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 can be adjusted between 50mm below the molten pool liquid surface and 300mm above the molten pool liquid surface.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0016] The hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device of the present invention utilizes the high-temperature flue gas from the molten pool to heat the rotary kiln, thereby eliminating the heating and roasting by the burner at the kiln tail in the original technology. The high-temperature flue gas is used to heat the high-temperature section to heat the roasted sand to 750-800°C, so that the waste heat generated by the electric furnace is fully utilized, saving the energy consumption of the rotary kiln for additional heating. The hydrogen-based spray gun is used to directly deliver the reducing agent hydrogen to the working surface, effectively avoiding the ineffective consumption of the hydrogen reducing agent and further enhancing the reduction effect. Hydrogen is used to reduce non-ferrous metals, and hydrogen is used instead of carbon as the reducing agent. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to generate H 2 O, so that no carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced in the production process, which completely changes the way of carbon reduction in traditional processes and effectively reduces carbon emissions in the production process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the furnace cover arrangement structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] In the figure, 1. rotary kiln; 11. feeding port; 12. kiln head; 13. cylinder; 14. kiln tail; 15. unloading chute; 16. roasted sand; 2. electric furnace; 21. furnace shell; 22. refractory material; 23. molten iron; 24. slag layer; 25. high-temperature flue gas; 26. furnace cover; 27. polar center circle; 3. hydrogen-based spray gun; 31. electric hoist; 32. hydrogen pipe one; 33. hydrogen pipe two; 34. hydrogen pipe three; 35. hydrogen-based spray gun through port; 4. short-circuit power supply system; 41. transformer; 42. connecting copper plate; 43. water-cooling cable; 44. electrode arm; 45. electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention are described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device includes a rotary kiln 1, an electric furnace 2, a hydrogen-based spray gun 3 and a short-grid power supply system 4; the rotary kiln 1 is installed on the upper part of the electric furnace 2; the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 is arranged at the center position above the electric furnace 2, and the short-grid power supply system 4 supplies power to the electric furnace 2 for melting the material.
[0022] Specifically, the electric furnace 2 includes a furnace shell 21, a furnace cover 26 and a refractory material 22; the furnace cover 26 is buckled on the furnace shell 21, and the inner surface of the electric furnace 2 is piled with the refractory material 22 as a lining to form a furnace bottom and a furnace wall; a through-type hydrogen-based spray gun through port 35 and a first orifice are opened in the center of the furnace cover 26;
[0023] A cooling circulation water circuit is provided inside the furnace cover 26, and the cooling circulation water circuit is divided into a core cooling zone and a peripheral cooling zone. The core cooling zone has a high temperature, and the peripheral cooling zone has a low temperature, so that the cooling effect is better; the interiors of the two cooling zones are evenly divided into multiple cooling domains based on the center of the furnace cover 26, ensuring that cooling water passes through every part of the furnace cover 26, so that the cooling effect is better and the impact of excessive temperature on the external environment is avoided. A discrete water baffle is provided in each cooling domain.
[0024] Three electrode arms 44 are provided outside the furnace cover 26, and electrodes 45 are respectively installed on the three electrode arms 44. The three electrodes 45 are respectively connected to the three phases of the three-phase transformer 41 through water-cooling cables 43 and connecting copper plates 42; the electrode arms 44 are fixed to the ground through external brackets, and the electrode arms 44 are used for holding, lifting and pressing the electrodes 45; the roasted sand 16 is accumulated at the bottom and the wall of the furnace, and is melted by the electrodes 45 to form a molten pool, and the temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1350-1450°C. The high-temperature flue gas 25 generated by the molten pool has a temperature of 1200°C, and the high-temperature flue gas 25 is introduced into the rotary kiln 1; the three electrode arms 44 adjust the insertion depth of the electrode 45 according to the height of the molten pool of the electric furnace 2, and the adjustable range of the electrode arm 44 is between 0-2.5m; the three electrodes 45 are vertically installed at the polar center circle 27 of the furnace cover 26, and the diameter of the polar center circle 27 is 1 / 2 of the diameter of the furnace. The upper end of the electrode 45 extends to the top of the furnace cover 26, and the lower end of the electrode extends to the molten pool inside the furnace; the short-circuit power supply system 4 is connected to the electrode 45, and power is supplied through the transformer 41. The electrode arm 44 holds the electrode 45, and at the same time, the electrode 45 is moved up and down by the lifting of the electrode arm 44 to maintain a stable output of three-phase current.
[0025] The hydrogen-based spray gun 3 is suspended by an electric hoist 31 installed on the top of the plant. When in use, the height of the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 is adjusted by the electric hoist 31 on the top, so that the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 moves up and down, and the height of the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 above the molten pool liquid surface is controlled; it is ensured that the hydrogen sprayed by the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 is evenly distributed on the molten pool liquid surface. The hydrogen-based spray gun 3 can be adjusted between 50 mm below the molten pool liquid surface and 300 mm above the molten pool liquid surface.
[0026] The hydrogen-based spray gun 3 is provided with a hydrogen pipe 1 32, a hydrogen pipe 2 33, and a hydrogen pipe 3 34, respectively. Hydrogen is blown into the furnace through the hydrogen-based spray gun 3, and the amount of hydrogen added is 3-8% of the amount of roasted sand 16. Guide vanes are provided in the hydrogen pipe 1 32, the hydrogen pipe 2 33, and the hydrogen pipe 3 34, respectively, to drive the hydrogen to be sprayed into the molten pool in a spiral shape.
[0027] The rotary kiln 1 comprises a cylinder 13, a kiln head 12 arranged at the upper end of the cylinder 13, a feed port 11 installed at the upper end of the kiln head 12, a kiln tail 14 arranged at the lower end of the cylinder 13, and a material discharge chute 15 installed at the bottom of the kiln tail 14. The material discharge chute 15 passes through a first opening on a furnace cover 26 and leads into the electric furnace 2. The material discharge chute 15 discharges roasted sand 16 into the electric furnace 2. The kiln tail 14 of the rotary kiln 1 is installed at the upper part of the electric furnace 2.
[0028] The rotary kiln 1 is installed on the upper part of the furnace cover 26 of the electric furnace 2, and there is a height difference with the electric furnace 2, so that the roasted sand 16 can enter the electric furnace 2 through the material discharge chute 15. The rotary kiln 1 has an inclination angle of 1-6% when installed, which is convenient for the material entering from the feed port 11 to move from the kiln head 12 to the kiln tail 14. The inclination angle of the rotary kiln 1 is adjusted according to the time required for the material to be roasted. The rotary kiln 1 divides the cylinder 13 into a high temperature section, a medium temperature section, and a low temperature section through the high temperature flue gas 25 of the electric furnace 2, eliminating the heating and roasting by the burner at the kiln tail 14 in the original technology. The high temperature section is heated by the high temperature flue gas 25 to heat the roasted sand 16 to 750-800°C.
[0029] In this embodiment, roasted sand 16 is burned and melted in the electric furnace 2 through the electrode 45 and the hydrogen blown into the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 to form a molten pool. The molten roasted sand 16 is gradually layered into alloy melt and slag in the furnace due to its specific gravity. In this embodiment, the material used is iron ore powder, which is gradually layered into molten iron 23 and a slag layer 24 in the furnace. When a certain amount is reached, the molten iron 23 and the slag of the slag layer 24 are discharged through the solution outlet and the slag outlet on the electric furnace 2 respectively. The molten iron 23 is discharged through the solution outlet and enters the cast iron machine, and is cooled into ingots by the cast iron machine to become a product. The slag is water quenched to become water-quenched slag to form a building material.
[0030] The one-time use process of the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0031] Before smelting, the electrode 45 is first connected to the three phases of the transformer 41 through the water-cooled cable 43 and the connecting copper plate 42. When the electrode 45 is connected, the mixed material is added to the rotary kiln 1 through the feed port 11, and then the material is sent into the furnace of the electric furnace 2 through the kiln head 12, the cylinder 13, the kiln tail 14, and the unloading chute 15 of the rotary kiln, so that the material is gradually accumulated in the area of the three electrodes 45. After the unloading is completed, the transformer 41 is started to conduct the current between the three electrodes 45 and form an arc, and the material is melted by the arc heating; during the melting process of the material, the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 is started, and the hydrogen as a reducing agent directly reaches the working surface, which effectively avoids the ineffective consumption of the reducing agent and enhances the reduction effect; during the smelting process, with the continuous consumption of the electrode 45, in order to reduce Reactive power is used to ensure that the arc is always within the working surface. The electrode arms 44 dynamically adjust the depth of the three electrodes 45. At the same time, the depth of the three electrodes 45 is adjusted according to the different consumption of each electrode 45 to keep the current of the three electrodes 45 stable. High-temperature flue gas 25 is generated during the smelting process. The high-temperature flue gas 25 enters the rotary kiln 1 through the negative pressure in the rotary kiln 1, and forms a low-temperature section, a medium-temperature section, and a high-temperature section in the rotary kiln 1, gradually forming roasted sand 16 for the material. When the smelting is completed, the roasted sand 16 is reduced to an alloy, and the alloy melt and the slag are naturally separated due to different specific gravities. The alloy melt in the lower layer is discharged through the solution outlet and enters the cast iron machine. After being cooled by the cast iron machine, an alloy ingot is formed. The slag in the upper layer is discharged through the slag outlet and then used as a building material after water quenching.
Claims
1. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device, characterized in that: It includes a rotary kiln, an electric furnace, a hydrogen-based spray gun and a short-grid power supply system; the rotary kiln is installed on the upper part of the electric furnace; the hydrogen-based spray gun is arranged at the center position above the electric furnace, and the short-grid power supply system supplies power to the electric furnace to melt the materials.
2. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric furnace comprises a furnace shell, a furnace cover and refractory materials; the furnace cover is buckled on the furnace shell, and the inner surface of the electric furnace is piled with refractory materials as lining to form a furnace bottom and furnace wall; a through-type hydrogen-based spray gun passage and a first orifice are opened in the center of the furnace cover.
3. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Three electrode arms are arranged outside the furnace cover, and electrodes are installed on the three electrode arms respectively. The three electrodes are connected to the three phases of the three-phase transformer through water-cooling cables and connecting copper plates respectively; the electrode arms are fixed to the ground through external brackets; roasted sand is accumulated in the furnace bottom and furnace wall, and melted by the electrodes to form a molten pool; the molten pool produces high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is passed into the rotary kiln; the three electrode arms adjust the electrode insertion depth according to the height of the electric furnace molten pool; the three electrodes are vertically installed at the pole center circle of the furnace cover of the electric furnace, the upper end of the electrode extends to the top of the furnace cover, and the lower end of the electrode extends to the molten pool inside the furnace; the short-circuit power supply system is connected to the electrode, and power is supplied through the transformer. The electrode arm holds the electrode, and the electrode is moved up and down by lifting the electrode arm to maintain a stable output of three-phase current.
4. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen-based spray gun is suspended by an electric hoist installed on the top of the plant. The height of the hydrogen-based spray gun is adjusted by the electric hoist on the top, so that the hydrogen-based spray gun moves up and down, and the height of the hydrogen-based spray gun above the liquid surface of the molten pool is controlled.
5. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A hydrogen pipe 1, a hydrogen pipe 2 and a hydrogen pipe 3 are respectively arranged in the hydrogen-based spray gun, and guide vanes are respectively arranged in the hydrogen pipe 1, the hydrogen pipe 2 and the hydrogen pipe 3 to drive the hydrogen to be sprayed into the molten pool in a spiral shape.
6. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary kiln comprises a cylinder, a kiln head arranged at the upper end of the cylinder, a material inlet installed at the upper end of the kiln head, a kiln tail arranged at the lower end of the cylinder and a material discharge chute installed at the bottom of the kiln tail, the material discharge chute passes through a first opening on the furnace cover and leads into the electric furnace; the material discharge chute discharges roasted sand into the electric furnace; the kiln tail of the rotary kiln is installed on the upper part of the electric furnace.
7. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotary kiln is installed on the upper part of the furnace cover of the electric furnace, and there is a height difference with the electric furnace; the rotary kiln has a tilt angle of 1-6% when installed, and the tilt angle of the rotary kiln is adjusted according to the roasting time required for the material; the rotary kiln divides the cylinder into high-temperature section, medium-temperature section and low-temperature section through the high-temperature flue gas of the electric furnace.
8. The hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cooling circulation water circuit is arranged inside the furnace cover, and the cooling circulation water circuit is divided into a core cooling zone and a peripheral cooling zone. The insides of the two cooling zones are evenly divided into a plurality of cooling domains based on the center of the furnace cover, and a discrete water baffle is arranged in each cooling domain.
9. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature of the molten pool is maintained at 1350-1450℃; the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 1200℃.
10. A hydrogen-based roasting and smelting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustable range of the electrode arm is between 0-2.5m; the pole center circle diameter is 1 / 2 of the furnace diameter; the hydrogen-based spray gun 3 can be adjusted between 50mm below the molten pool liquid surface and 300mm above the molten pool liquid surface.