Hydrological monitor for river freezing period

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological monitors, in particular to a hydrological monitor for a river freezing period, which comprises an annular floating block, a solar cell module, an anchoring module, a digital display control panel and a wireless signal transceiver, an insertion cylinder is fixedly arranged at a center hole of the annular floating block, and a monitoring cylinder is sleeved in the insertion cylinder; a water quality detection assembly capable of adjusting the height of a detection position is arranged at the upper part of the inner wall of the monitoring cylinder; a water flow steering indicator structure is arranged at a lower port of the monitoring cylinder; through mutual cooperation and cooperation of an annular floating block, a monitoring cylinder, a water flow turning mark structure, a water flow speed measurement driving assembly, a flow stirring assembly and a water quality detection assembly, water liquid in the monitoring cylinder can be heated and subjected to heat preservation to isolate external cold air; and a freezing layer can be prevented from occurring in the monitoring cylinder while water liquid in the monitoring cylinder is shifted to flow, so that the electric energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hydrological monitoring instrument equipment, and in particular to a hydrological monitoring instrument during a river freezing period. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the hydrological industry has developed rapidly. The most important water level, flow and water quality data have been automatically monitored, playing a key data support role in flood control, drought relief and disaster reduction. However, due to geographical and climatic conditions, automatic monitoring and reporting cannot be carried out after the river is frozen. The main reason is that the automatic monitoring and reporting equipment cannot access the water flow due to the freezing of the river.

[0003] A multifunctional hydrological monitoring device for use in a frozen river period with application number 202120533765.7, comprising a multifunctional hydrological monitoring box, a data analysis upload platform, a monitoring well, a bottom-mounted ADP, a water quality analyzer and a water level measuring instrument, wherein the data analysis upload platform and a power supply are installed in the multifunctional hydrological monitoring box, the power supply is connected to the data analysis upload platform, the data analysis upload platform is connected to the bottom-mounted ADCP, the water quality analyzer and the water level measuring instrument, and the data analysis upload platform is connected to a water situation center;

[0004] A multifunctional hydrological monitoring device for use in a frozen river period with application number 202220020204.1, comprising a support column and an equipment box, wherein the top of the support column is fixedly connected to an extension bracket, the surface of the extension bracket is fixedly connected to a guide pulley, the surface of the guide pulley is wound with a suspension rope, one end of the suspension rope is fixedly connected to a hydrological monitoring box, the surface of the hydrological monitoring box is fixedly connected to a floating block, and the inner top wall of the hydrological monitoring box is provided with a monitoring rod, the bottom end of the monitoring rod extends to the outside of the hydrological monitoring box and is fixedly connected to a monitoring instrument;

[0005] However, current hydrological detectors mostly use heating to solve the problem that the detection location cannot contact the water flow. However, when using a floating water temperature detector, the power supply mostly uses solar energy, and the electric heating method consumes a lot of electricity, especially in colder nights. Insufficient power supply often occurs, resulting in intermittent and repeated freezing, affecting use. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrological monitoring instrument for a river during the freezing period in order to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0008] (II) Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides a hydrological monitoring instrument for a frozen river, comprising an annular floating block, a solar cell assembly, an anchor assembly, a digital display control panel and a wireless signal transceiver, wherein an insert is fixedly provided at the center hole of the annular floating block, a monitoring tube is sleeved in the insert, a water quality detection assembly capable of adjusting the height of the detection position is provided at the upper inner wall of the monitoring tube, and a water flow turning indicator structure is provided at the lower port of the monitoring tube;

[0011] The monitoring tube located between the water flow deflector structure and the water quality detection component is provided with a flow diverter component capable of diverting the water inside it downward, and the water flow deflector structure is provided with a water flow speed measurement drive component capable of detecting the water flow rate and driving the flow diverter component.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring tube is slidably arranged in the insert tube along the up and down direction, and a plurality of fixing bolts for fixing the monitoring tube in the insert tube are respectively threadedly connected at both ends of the insert tube. The insert tube is made of thermal insulation material and a vacuum layer is arranged inside.

[0013] Furthermore, a pressure relief hole is provided at the top of the monitoring tube, an inner heat-conducting bushing is provided on the inner side of the monitoring tube, an electric heating layer is provided between the inner heat-conducting bushing and the monitoring tube, the monitoring tube is made of thermal insulation material, and the wireless signal transceiver is provided at the top of the monitoring tube.

[0014] Furthermore, the water quality detection component includes a detection platform that can move up and down in a monitoring tube, an electric telescopic rod that can drive the detection platform to move up and down is arranged on the top of the monitoring tube, and a plurality of detection sensor groups are arranged on the lower side of the detection platform, and the detection sensor groups include an optical dissolved oxygen sensor, a turbidity sensor, a temperature sensor and a pH sensor. The output end of the digital display control panel is electrically connected to the input end of the electric telescopic rod, and the output end of the detection sensor group is electrically connected to the input end of the digital display control panel.

[0015] Furthermore, the water flow beacon structure includes a connecting sleeve, which is rotatably connected to the outer side of the lower end of the monitoring tube through a first bearing, and the lower end of the connecting sleeve is connected to a beacon plate through a suspension rod. The outer contour of the beacon plate is diamond-shaped, and the beacon plate is provided with open grooves at both ends along its length direction. The water flow speed measurement drive assembly is arranged on the beacon plate between the two open grooves.

[0016] Furthermore, the water flow speed measuring drive assembly includes a speed measuring cylinder, which has the shape of a cylinder with openings at both ends, and fan caps are provided at the two ends of the speed measuring cylinder. Each fan cap is provided with more than three fan blades on the outside, and the two fan caps are connected to each other through a central shaft rod, and a transmission box is provided in the middle position of the speed measuring cylinder, and the upper side of the transmission box is fixedly connected to the speed measuring cylinder through a connecting cylinder, and an output shaft rod is rotatably provided in the connecting cylinder through a second bearing, one end of the output shaft rod passes through the connecting cylinder and is connected to the flow diverter assembly, and a gear transmission mechanism is provided inside the transmission box, which can realize the transmission connection between the central shaft rod and the output shaft rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the gear transmission mechanism includes a first bevel gear fixedly arranged on the central shaft and a second bevel gear fixedly arranged on the output shaft, and the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are connected to each other in a transmission meshing manner.

[0018] Furthermore, the flow shifting assembly includes a first rotating rod and a second rotating rod, one end of the first rotating rod is connected to the output shaft, the other end of the first rotating rod is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft, one end of the second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the detection platform through a third bearing, the other end of the second rotating rod is provided with a connecting sliding hole for adapting and slidingly connecting with the connecting shaft, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting shaft is a regular hexahedron, and a speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the second rotating rod is arranged in the detection platform, and the output end of the speed sensor is electrically connected to the input end of the digital display control panel.

[0019] The cam is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is provided with a plurality of cams, each of which is provided with a plurality of cams.

[0020] (III) Beneficial effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The annular floating block, monitoring tube, water flow steering indicator structure, water flow speed measurement drive component, flow diverter component and water quality detection component cooperate with each other to achieve heating and heat preservation of the water inside the monitoring tube to isolate the external cold air. It is also possible to prevent the formation of a frozen layer inside the monitoring tube by diverting the flow of the water inside the monitoring tube, thereby reducing power consumption;

[0023] 2. The water flow speed measurement drive component cooperates with the flow shifting component to provide driving force through the flow of river water, which can not only detect the water flow speed, but also drive the flow shifting component. The river flow is used to provide power for the shifting of the water in the monitoring cylinder, reducing the consumption of electrical energy;

[0024] 3. The water flow steering indicator structure can adjust the direction of the water flow speed measuring drive component, so that the water flow speed measuring drive component can always be opposite to the water flow direction, ensuring that the axial direction of the speed measuring cylinder is consistent with the river flow direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a main structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the left view structure;

[0028] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure;

[0029] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at C;

[0030] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 1 AA cross-sectional structural diagram;

[0031] Figure 6 The present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at D;

[0032] Figure 7 The present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at E;

[0033] Figure 8 The present invention Figure 1 BB cross-sectional structure diagram;

[0034] Fig. 9 The present invention Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at F;

[0035] Fig.10 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure in another direction.

[0036] The accompanying drawings are described as follows: 1. annular floating block; 101. insert tube; 2. monitoring tube; 201. electric heating layer; 202. inner heat-conducting bushing; 203. pressure relief hole; 3. solar cell module; 301. solar cell; 302. connecting rod; 303. collar; 304. support rod; 4. water flow steering indicator structure; 401. connecting sleeve; 402. suspension rod; 403. steering indicator plate; 404. opening groove; 405. first bearing; 5. anchoring assembly; 501. rope box; 502. fixing seat; 503. anchor; 504. rope retracting and releasing drum; 505. rotating shaft; 506. torque sensor; 507. motor; 508. rope guide tube; 509. electric heating sleeve; 510. suspension rope; 511. Photoelectric sensor; 512, change-of-direction support wheel; 6, water flow speed measurement drive assembly; 601, speed measuring cylinder; 602, fan cap; 603, fan blade; 604, connecting cylinder; 605, central shaft; 606, first bevel gear; 607, second bevel gear; 608, output shaft; 609, second bearing; 610, transmission box; 7, flow shifting assembly; 701, first rotating rod; 702, spiral blade; 703, connecting shaft; 704, second rotating rod; 705, connecting slide hole; 706, third bearing; 707, speed sensor; 8, water quality detection assembly; 801, electric telescopic rod; 802, detection platform; 803, detection sensor group; 9, digital display control panel; 10, wireless signal transceiver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] See also Figure 1-10As shown, the present invention provides a hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period, comprising an annular floating block 1, a solar cell assembly 3, an anchor assembly 5, a digital display control panel 9 and a wireless signal transceiver 10, an insert tube 101 is fixedly arranged at the center hole of the annular floating block 1, a monitoring tube 2 is sleeved in the insert tube 101, a water quality detection assembly 8 capable of adjusting the height of the detection position is arranged on the upper part of the inner wall of the monitoring tube 2, a water flow redirector structure 4 is arranged at the lower port of the monitoring tube 2; a flow diversion assembly 7 capable of diverting the water inside the monitoring tube 2 is arranged in the monitoring tube 2 located between the water flow diversion assembly 4 and the water quality detection assembly 8, and a water flow speed measurement driving assembly 6 capable of detecting the water flow velocity and driving the flow diversion assembly 7 is arranged on the water flow diversion assembly 4.

[0039] See the instruction manual Figure 1 , 5 As shown in FIG. 10 , the monitoring tube 2 is slidably arranged in the insert tube 101 along the up-down direction. The two ends of the insert tube 101 are respectively threadedly connected with a plurality of fixing bolts for fixing the monitoring tube 2 in the insert tube 101. The insert tube 101 is made of a heat-insulating material and a vacuum layer is arranged inside. In practical applications, the length of the protruding annular floating block 1 at the lower end of the monitoring tube 2 is greater than the length of the protruding annular floating block 1 at the upper end of the monitoring tube 2, and the length of the protruding annular floating block 1 at the lower end of the monitoring tube 2 is greater than 100 mm. Through the above-mentioned specific structural design, the height of the monitoring tube 2 can be adjusted up and down in the insert tube 101, so that it is suitable for use with ice layers of different thicknesses, thereby ensuring that the lower port of the monitoring tube 2 is always located below the ice layer, thereby ensuring that the water flow steering indicator structure 4 and the water flow speed measurement drive assembly 6 are located in the river, and the driving force is provided by the water flow.

[0040] See the instruction manual Figure 6 As shown, a pressure relief hole 203 is provided at the top of the monitoring tube 2, an inner heat-conducting sleeve 202 is provided on the inner side of the monitoring tube 2, an electric heating layer 201 is provided between the inner heat-conducting sleeve 202 and the monitoring tube 2, the monitoring tube 2 is made of thermal insulation material, and the wireless signal transceiver 10 is provided at the top of the monitoring tube 2.

[0041] See the instruction manual Figure 5 and 6As shown, the water quality detection assembly 8 includes a detection platform 802 that can move up and down in the monitoring tube 2, an electric telescopic rod 801 that can drive the detection platform 802 to move up and down is arranged at the top of the monitoring tube 2, and a plurality of detection sensor groups 803 are arranged at the lower side of the detection platform 802, and the detection sensor group 803 includes an optical dissolved oxygen sensor, a turbidity sensor, a temperature sensor and a PH sensor. The output end of the digital display control panel 9 is electrically connected to the input end of the electric telescopic rod 801, and the output end of the detection sensor group 803 is electrically connected to the input end of the digital display control panel 9. Through the above-mentioned specific structural design, during the freezing period of the river, the monitoring tube 2 is kept warm and heated inside and the flow diverting assembly 7 is moved, so that the water liquid inside the monitoring tube 2 is always in a flow connection state with the river, thereby facilitating the water quality detection assembly 8 to perform water quality detection. When the push rod of the electric telescopic rod 801 reaches the maximum stroke, the detection sensor group 803 and the water liquid are contacted for detection, and when the push rod of the electric telescopic rod 801 reaches the minimum stroke, the detection sensor group 803 and the water liquid are separated from each other.

[0042] See the instruction manual Figure 2 , 4 As shown in Figure 5, the water flow steering indicator structure 4 includes a connecting sleeve 401, which is rotatably connected to the outer side of the lower end of the monitoring tube 2 through a first bearing 405. The lower end of the connecting sleeve 401 is connected to a steering indicator plate 403 through a suspension rod 402. The outer contour of the steering indicator plate 403 is rhombus-shaped. The steering indicator plate 403 is provided with open grooves 404 at both ends along its length direction. The water flow speed measurement drive component 6 is arranged on the steering indicator plate 403 between the two open grooves 404. Through the above-mentioned specific structural design, the steering indicator plate 403 can be rotated according to the different flow directions of the river, thereby changing the direction of the water flow speed measurement drive component 6. In practical applications, an angle sensor can also be arranged on the connecting sleeve 401 to detect the rotation angle of the connecting sleeve 401, thereby further realizing the detection of the water flow direction.

[0043] The water flow speed measuring drive assembly 6 includes a speed measuring cylinder 601, which is in the shape of a cylinder with openings at both ends. Fan caps 602 are arranged at the two ends of the speed measuring cylinder 601, and more than three fan blades 603 are arranged on the outer side of each fan cap 602. The two fan caps 602 are connected to each other through a central shaft 605. A transmission box 610 is arranged in the middle position of the speed measuring cylinder 601. The upper side of the transmission box 610 is fixedly connected to the speed measuring cylinder 601 through a connecting cylinder 604. An output shaft 608 is rotatably arranged in the connecting cylinder 604 through a second bearing 609. One end of the output shaft 608 passes through the connecting cylinder 604 and is connected to the flow diverter assembly 7. A gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the transmission box 610, which can realize the transmission connection between the central shaft 605 and the output shaft 608. Specifically, the gear transmission mechanism includes a first bevel gear 606 fixedly arranged on the central shaft 605 and a second bevel gear 607 fixedly arranged on the output shaft 608, and the first bevel gear 606 and the second bevel gear 607 are connected to each other in a transmission meshing manner. When the river water flows, the water flow drives the fan blade 603 to rotate, and the rotation of the fan blade 603 drives the central shaft 605 to rotate under the support of the transmission box 610, and the rotation of the central shaft 605 drives the first bevel gear 606 thereon to rotate, and the rotation of the first bevel gear 606 drives the meshingly connected second bevel gear 607 to rotate, and the rotation of the second bevel gear 607 drives the connected output shaft 608 to rotate, thereby realizing the driving of the flow diverter assembly 7.

[0044] See the instruction manual Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the flow shifting assembly 7 includes a first rotating rod 701 and a second rotating rod 704, one end of the first rotating rod 701 is connected to the output shaft 608, the other end of the first rotating rod 701 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 703, one end of the second rotating rod 704 is rotatably connected to the detection platform 802 through the third bearing 706, the other end of the second rotating rod 704 is provided with a connecting sliding hole 705 for slidingly connecting with the connecting shaft 703, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting shaft 703 is a regular hexagon, and a speed sensor 707 for detecting the speed of the second rotating rod 704 is arranged in the detection platform 802, and the output end of the speed sensor 707 is electrically connected to the input end of the digital display control panel 9. Through the above specific structural design, the flow shifting assembly 7 can realize the combination of the water flow speed measurement drive assembly 6 and the water quality detection assembly 8, the detection platform 802 of the water quality detection assembly 8 can realize the support and rotation of the first rotating rod 701, and the speed of the second rotating rod 704 can be adjusted by the speed sensor 707 arranged in the detection platform 802.

[0045] See the instruction manual Figure 2 , 8As shown in Figure 9, the anchor assembly 5 is provided with two portions distributed on both sides of the annular floating block 1, and the anchor assembly 5 includes a rope box 501, the rope box 501 is fixedly arranged on the outside of the annular floating block 1 through a fixing seat 502, a motor 507 is fixedly arranged in the rope box 501, an output shaft end of the motor 507 is connected to one end of a rotating shaft 505, and the other end of the rotating shaft 505 is connected to a retractable rope drum 504, a suspension rope 510 is wound around the outside of the retractable rope drum 504, the retractable rope drum 504 is rotatably arranged in the rope box 501, and a lifting device 510 is provided on the rotating shaft 505 between the retractable rope drum 504 and the motor 507. A torque sensor 506 is provided, and a rope guide cylinder 508 for passing the lifting rope 510 is provided on one side of the bottom of the rope box 501 near the rope reel 504. One end of the lifting rope 510 passing through the rope guide cylinder 508 is fixedly connected to the anchor 503, and an electric heating sleeve 509 is provided on the outer side of the rope guide cylinder 508. A direction-changing support wheel 512 for changing the direction of the lifting rope 510 is rotatably provided inside the upper end of the rope guide cylinder 508, and a photoelectric sensor 511 is provided on the shaft end of the direction-changing support wheel 512. The output end of the photoelectric sensor 511 is electrically connected to the input end of the digital display control panel 9. Through the above-mentioned specific structural design, the anchoring assembly 5 can realize the anchoring in the annular floating block 1, the measurement of the river depth and water level, and the measurement of the change of the thickness of the frozen layer of the river during the freezing period of the river. Specifically, the output shaft of the motor 507 rotates through the torque sensor 506 to drive the rotating shaft 505 and the retracting rope drum 504 to rotate. Under the gravity of the anchor 503, when the anchor 503 does not fall into the river bottom, the torque sensor 506 is always at a large value, and when the anchor 503 contacts the river bottom, the torque sensor 506 is always at a large value. 06 detects a significant decrease in the torque value, and the specific length of the decrease is determined by the number of rotations of the change-of-direction support wheel 512, and the number of rotations of the change-of-direction support wheel 512 is detected by the photoelectric sensor 511. When the thickness of the ice layer is detected, the output shaft of the motor 507 rotates through the torque sensor 506 to drive the rotating shaft 505 and the retractable rope drum 504 to rotate, thereby pulling the anchor 503 upward. When the anchor 503 abuts against the lower side of the ice layer, the value detected by the torque sensor 506 increases significantly, and the length change at this time is recorded.

[0046] The solar cell assembly 3 includes a solar cell 301. A collar 303 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the upper end of the monitoring tube 2. The collar 303 is fixedly connected to the solar cell 301 through a connecting rod 302. The bottom side of the solar cell 301 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the annular floating block 1 through a supporting rod 304.

[0047] Working principle:

[0048] The hydrological detector is placed in the river before the river freezes and is anchored by the anchoring assembly 5. A hole can also be drilled on the surface of the frozen river ice layer, and then the lower end of the monitoring tube 2 is placed in the river, and the anchor 503 and the rope guide tube 508 of the anchoring assembly 5 are placed in the river. During the freezing of the river, the monitoring tube 2 can keep the water inside it warm, and the water flow speed measurement drive assembly 6 drives the flow diversion assembly 7 to keep the water inside the monitoring tube 2 in a downstream state, so as to realize the circulation of the water inside the monitoring tube 2 and the water in the lower layer of the river, and avoid the freezing of the water inside the monitoring tube 2. Specifically, the water flow diversion indicator structure 4 can realize the rotation adjustment of the water flow speed measuring driving component 6 along with the water flow, and the water flow steering indicator structure 4 can realize that the fan blades 603 in the speed measuring cylinder 601 are always opposite to the water flow, so that when the water flows, the water flow drives the fan blades 603 to rotate, thereby driving the flow shifting component 7 to rotate through the gear transmission mechanism, and the spiral blades 702 on the flow shifting component 7 can realize the water flow in the monitoring cylinder 2 from top to bottom, and the peripheral water flows to the middle, and the water in the monitoring cylinder 2 is accelerated to flow and the heat preservation effect of the monitoring cylinder 2 can prevent the water in the monitoring cylinder 2 from freezing, thereby not affecting the water quality detection component 8 to monitor the water quality.

[0049] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrological monitoring instrument for a frozen river, comprising an annular floating block (1), a solar cell assembly (3), an anchor assembly (5), a digital display control panel (9) and a wireless signal transceiver (10), characterized in that: An insert tube (101) is fixedly arranged at the center hole of the annular floating block (1), a monitoring tube (2) is sleeved inside the insert tube (101), a water quality detection component (8) capable of adjusting the height of the detection position is arranged at the inner upper part of the monitoring tube (2), and a water flow deflection indicator structure (4) is arranged at the lower end of the monitoring tube (2); A flow diverter component (7) capable of diverting water inside the monitoring tube (2) located between the water flow diverter structure (4) and the water quality detection component (8) is provided in the monitoring tube (2), and the water flow diverter structure (4) is provided with a water flow speed measurement drive component (6) capable of detecting the water flow speed and driving the flow diverter component (7).

2. A hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring tube (2) is slidably arranged in the insert tube (101) along the up-down direction, and a plurality of fixing bolts for fixing the monitoring tube (2) in the insert tube (101) are respectively threadedly connected at both ends of the insert tube (101). The insert tube (101) is made of a heat-insulating material and a vacuum layer is arranged inside.

3. The hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure relief hole (203) is provided at the top of the monitoring tube (2); an inner heat-conducting bushing (202) is provided on the inner side of the monitoring tube (2); an electric heating layer (201) is provided between the inner heat-conducting bushing (202) and the monitoring tube (2); the monitoring tube (2) is made of a heat-insulating material; and the wireless signal transceiver (10) is provided at the top of the monitoring tube (2).

4. The hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality detection component (8) comprises a detection platform (802) capable of moving up and down in a monitoring tube (2); an electric telescopic rod (801) capable of driving the detection platform (802) to move up and down is arranged at the top of the monitoring tube (2); a plurality of detection sensor groups (803) are arranged at the lower side of the detection platform (802); the detection sensor groups (803) comprise an optical dissolved oxygen sensor, a turbidity sensor, a temperature sensor and a pH sensor; an output end of a digital display control panel (9) is electrically connected to an input end of the electric telescopic rod (801); and an output end of the detection sensor group (803) is electrically connected to an input end of the digital display control panel (9).

5. The hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water flow deflector structure (4) comprises a connecting sleeve (401), the connecting sleeve (401) being rotatably connected to the outer side of the lower end of the monitoring tube (2) via a first bearing (405), the lower end of the connecting sleeve (401) being connected to a deflector plate (403) via a suspension rod (402), the outer contour of the deflector plate (403) being rhombus-shaped, and the deflector plate (403) being provided with open grooves (404) at both ends along its length direction, and the water flow speed measurement drive assembly (6) being arranged on the deflector plate (403) between the two open grooves (404).

6. A hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water flow speed measuring drive assembly (6) comprises a speed measuring cylinder (601), the speed measuring cylinder (601) is in the shape of a cylinder with openings at both ends, fan caps (602) are arranged at the two ends of the speed measuring cylinder (601), the outer side of each fan cap (602) is provided with more than three fan blades (603), the two fan caps (602) are connected to each other through a central shaft (605), and a transmission box (610) is arranged in the middle of the speed measuring cylinder (601), and the transmission box The upper side of (610) is fixedly connected to the speed measuring cylinder (601) through a connecting cylinder (604), an output shaft (608) is rotatably arranged in the connecting cylinder (604) through a second bearing (609), one end of the output shaft (608) passes through the connecting cylinder (604) and is connected to the flow shifting assembly (7), and a gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the transmission box (610) to realize transmission connection between the central shaft (605) and the output shaft (608).

7. A hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gear transmission mechanism comprises a first bevel gear (606) fixedly arranged on a central shaft (605) and a second bevel gear (607) fixedly arranged on an output shaft (608), and the first bevel gear (606) and the second bevel gear (607) are connected to each other in a transmission meshing manner.

8. The hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow shifting assembly (7) comprises a first rotating rod (701) and a second rotating rod (704), one end of the first rotating rod (701) is connected to the output shaft (608), the other end of the first rotating rod (701) is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft (703), one end of the second rotating rod (704) is rotatably connected to a detection platform (802) via a third bearing (706), the other end of the second rotating rod (704) is provided with a connecting sliding hole (705) for matching and slidingly connecting with the connecting shaft (703), the cross-section of the connecting shaft (703) is in the shape of a regular hexahedron, and a speed sensor (707) for detecting the speed of the second rotating rod (704) is arranged in the detection platform (802), and the output end of the speed sensor (707) is electrically connected to the input end of the digital display control panel (9).

9. The hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor assembly (5) is provided with two anchors distributed on both sides of the annular floating block (1), and the anchor assembly (5) includes a rope box (501), the rope box (501) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the annular floating block (1) through a fixing seat (502), a motor (507) is fixedly arranged in the rope box (501), the output shaft end of the motor (507) is connected to one end of a rotating shaft (505), and the other end of the rotating shaft (505) is connected to a retractable rope drum (504), and a suspension rope (510) is wound around the outer side of the retractable rope drum (504), and the retractable rope drum (504) is rotatably arranged in the rope box (501), and the rope retractable rope drum (504) and the motor (507) are located between the retractable rope drum (504) and the motor (507). A torque sensor (506) is arranged on the rotating shaft (505); a rope guide cylinder (508) for passing the sling rope (510) is arranged on one side of the bottom of the rope box (501) close to the rope reel (504); one end of the sling rope (510) passing through the rope guide cylinder (508) is fixedly connected to an anchor (503); an electric heating sleeve (509) is arranged on the outer side of the rope guide cylinder (508); a direction-changing support wheel (512) for changing the direction of the sling rope (510) is rotatably arranged inside the upper end of the rope guide cylinder (508); a photoelectric sensor (511) is arranged on the shaft end of the direction-changing support wheel (512); and an output end of the photoelectric sensor (511).

10. The hydrological monitoring instrument for a river freezing period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly (3) comprises a solar cell (301); a collar (303) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the upper end of the monitoring tube (2); the collar (303) is fixedly connected to the solar cell (301) via a connecting rod (302); and the bottom side of the solar cell (301) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the annular floating block (1) via a supporting rod (304).

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