Preparation method of high-fastness electrostatic spinning nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-fastness electrostatic spinning nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, dissolving a polymer and an antibacterial substance in an organic solvent to obtain a spinning solution; s2, performing electrostatic spinning on the fabric by using the spinning solution to obtain an antibacterial functional fabric deposited with nanofibers; s3, shaping the antibacterial functional fabric deposited with the nanofibers to obtain the nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric. Before shaping, the fabric is endowed with an antibacterial function through electrostatic spinning, the dosage of an antibacterial agent is reduced, the friction loss of nanofibers caused by the working procedures of spinning, dyeing and finishing, weaving and the like is avoided, the antibacterial performance of the electrostatic spinning endowed antibacterial fabric is improved, and product performance detection is stable and reaches the standard; a cross-linking agent is not needed, the binding strength of the nanofibers and the fabric is improved through shaping, the formula is environment-friendly, and the advantages that energy consumption is reduced, and sewage discharge is reduced are achieved; and the fabric is not selected, so that the fabric has material universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-fastness electrostatic spinning nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric, belonging to the technical field of textiles. Background Art

[0002] Antibacterial textiles can inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, reduce bacteria contaminating fibers and endangering human health. The finishing methods of antibacterial textiles include post-finishing method and antibacterial fiber weaving method. The post-finishing method is to attach antibacterial agents to textiles through surface coating, impregnation, padding or microencapsulation during the textile finishing process, so that the textiles have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial substances of antibacterial textiles made by the post-finishing method are not strong and have poor washing resistance. It is necessary to introduce a variety of auxiliaries on the surface of textiles, which has safety problems and environmental pollution problems, and may also have an adverse effect on the style and feel of textiles. The antibacterial fiber weaving method is to use natural antibacterial fibers or chemical fibers containing antibacterial substances as raw materials to weave antibacterial textiles. However, in order to obtain excellent antibacterial effects, the antibacterial fiber weaving method can only prepare textiles blended with a large amount of antibacterial chemical fibers, and cannot obtain high-quality pure antibacterial products, such as antibacterial pure cotton fabrics.

[0003] The existing method for preparing antibacterial color-woven cotton fabrics is to electrostatically spin the cotton mesh during the carding stage, embed antibacterial nanofibers, and then perform spinning, in-situ cross-linking polymerization, dyeing, finishing and other steps to obtain antibacterial color-woven cotton fabrics. This method can produce high-quality pure spinning products, and by increasing the specific surface area of ​​the antibacterial nanofibers to reduce the amount of auxiliaries, it has high safety and reduces sewage discharge. However, the antibacterial nanofibers undergo multiple color-woven processes, and the functional substances on the fabric are greatly reduced, resulting in the effect test results of the functional substances of the finished fabric being sometimes good and sometimes bad, and the antibacterial performance is unstable. In addition, the chemical fiber raw materials before spinning contain a large amount of oil, which is difficult to attach to the antibacterial nanofibers. Therefore, this method is only applicable to natural cellulose fibers and is not universal. Summary of the invention

[0004]

Technical issues

[0005] The existing method for preparing antibacterial color-woven cotton fabrics has an insufficient amount of functional substances in the yarns produced. In the subsequent dyeing, weaving and other processes, the functional substances are shed in large quantities due to friction and water treatment, resulting in unstable functionality of the finished fabric, affecting the functional quality of the fabric, and the material is not universal.

[0006]

Technical solution

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorbing antibacterial functional fabrics, which changes the existing electrospinning empowerment in the carding stage into electrospinning empowerment before shaping, thereby reducing the damage to the functional nanofibers by spinning, dyeing, weaving and other process steps, and making the finished fabric have more stable functionality; the spinning solution containing antibacterial substances is electrospun onto the surface of the fabric, and the volatilization of the solvent in the spinning solution is accelerated through shaping heat treatment. While the antibacterial nanofibers are formed, a villi-like structure is formed to adsorb and adhere to the surface of the fabric, so that the antibacterial nanofibers are firmly combined with the fabric, and excellent fastness is achieved without the need for a cross-linking agent; the electrospinning empowerment method of the present invention has material universality, so that the fabric material is not limited to natural cellulose fibers or a small amount of blended chemical fibers.

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric, comprising the steps of:

[0009] S1. dissolving the polymer and the antibacterial substance in an organic solvent to obtain a spinning solution;

[0010] S2. spinning nanofibers on the surface of the fabric by electrospinning the spinning solution to obtain an antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers;

[0011] S3. Shape the antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers to obtain the electrostatically spun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the polymer is one or more of acetate fiber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, chitin fiber, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenyl terephthalate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the organic solvent is one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, glacial acetic acid, dimethylformamide, acetone, cyclopentanone, isobutanol, toluene, ethanol, xylene, butanone, cyclohexane, and trichloroethylene.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the antibacterial substance is one or more of a silver ion antibacterial agent, a quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, a biguanide antibacterial agent, an organic aldehyde antibacterial agent, and a heterocyclic antibacterial agent.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the concentration of the polymer in the spinning solution is 8-22 wt%, and the concentration of the antibacterial substance is 2-8 wt%.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the fabric is one of yarn-dyed fabric, printed fabric, dyed fabric and bleached fabric.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the raw material of the fabric is selected from one or more of cellulose fibers and chemical fibers.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cellulose fibers are one or more of cotton, linen, bamboo, modal, viscose, lyocell, and cupro fibers, and the chemical fibers are one or more of polyester, nylon, acrylic, vinylon, polypropylene, spandex, chlorofiber, aramid, and acetate fibers.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the electrospinning process parameters are: electrospinning applied voltage 20-80KV, receiving distance 20-30cm, spinning temperature 20-30°C, ambient humidity 30%-70% RH.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the mass ratio of nanofibers to fabric in the antibacterial functional fabric on which nanofibers are deposited is 1:50-1:200.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the setting temperature is 100-180° C., and the setting time is 1-5 minutes.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation process of a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial color-woven functional fabric is: cotton combing → cotton blending and spinning into yarn → raw yarn loosening → pre-treatment oxygen bleaching → dyeing → post-treatment → dehydration and drying → sizing warp beam → weaving → singeing → desizing → scouring → mercerizing → electrospinning empowerment + shaping → pre-shrinkage.

[0023] The second object of the present invention is to provide application of the above preparation method in the preparation of antibacterial textiles.

[0024] The third object of the present invention is to provide a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric prepared by the above preparation method.

[0025] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric in antibacterial textiles.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the antimicrobial textiles include shirts, coats, socks, underwear, bed sheets, towels, protective clothing, masks, and gloves.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention imparts antibacterial function to fabrics through electrostatic spinning. Compared with traditional antibacterial finishing methods that require water treatment and coating treatment, the amount of antibacterial agent used is reduced, the influence of the coating on the feel of the textiles is avoided, and it has the advantages of saving energy consumption and reducing sewage discharge.

[0029] The present invention changes the existing electrospinning empowerment process in the carding stage into electrospinning empowerment before shaping, thereby reducing the loss of nanofibers in multiple process steps such as spinning, dyeing and finishing, and weaving, improving the utilization rate of antibacterial substances, reducing the amount of antibacterial substances used, and improving the antibacterial properties of electrospinning-enabled antibacterial fabrics, so that the antibacterial performance test of the product can be stably up to standard.

[0030] The existing electrospinning empowerment method in the carding stage also needs to cooperate with the in-situ crosslinking polymerization process, using a reaction solution containing an initiator and a crosslinking agent to crosslink the antibacterial agent with the cotton fiber to improve the washing resistance of the antibacterial fabric. The present invention promotes the antibacterial nanofibers to form a fluffy structure to adsorb and adhere to the surface of the fabric through shaping heat treatment, without the need for a crosslinking agent to achieve excellent fastness, the formula is more environmentally friendly, and reduces sewage discharge.

[0031] The existing electrospinning energizing method in the carding stage is only applicable to natural cellulose fibers or a small amount of blended chemical fibers. The electrospinning energizing method before shaping of the present invention is not picky about fabrics and has universal applicability to materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric prepared in Example 1.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric prepared in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Antibacterial effect test method: Refer to the standard GB / 20944.3-2008 "Evaluation of antibacterial properties of textiles Part 3: Oscillation method" to quantitatively evaluate the antibacterial properties of fabrics or yarns.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for preparing a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1. Dissolve cellulose acetate and biguanide antibacterial agent in cyclopentanone and stir evenly to obtain a spinning solution; the mass fraction of cellulose acetate in the spinning solution is 15wt%, and the mass fraction of biguanide antibacterial agent is 2wt%.

[0038] S2. The spinning solution is used to spin antibacterial nanofibers on the surface of pure cotton yarn-dyed fabric through electrospinning to obtain antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage of 30KV, receiving distance of 20cm, spinning environment temperature of 25℃, and spinning environment humidity of 38% RH; in the prepared antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers, the mass ratio of antibacterial nanofibers to cotton fibers is 1:100.

[0039] S3. The antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers is shaped to obtain the electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric; the shaping temperature is 150° C. and the shaping time is 2 min.

[0040] The scanning electron microscope image of the prepared nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the nanofibers are attached to the fabric more, forming a villi-like structure to absorb and adhere to the surface of the fabric. Its antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus reaches 99%, and the antibacterial rate remains at 99% after 100 washes, with no significant change in the antibacterial rate, and the antibacterial performance is long-lasting.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for preparing a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Dissolve chitosan fiber and quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent in cyclohexane and stir to obtain spinning solution; the mass fraction of chitosan fiber in the spinning solution is 10wt%, and the mass fraction of quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent is 3wt%.

[0044] S2. The spinning solution is electrospinned onto the surface of the viscose bleached fabric to spin antibacterial nanofibers, thereby obtaining an antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage of 33KV, receiving distance of 25cm, spinning environment temperature of 23℃, and spinning environment humidity of 46% RH; in the prepared antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers, the mass ratio of antibacterial nanofibers to viscose fibers is 1:60.

[0045] S3. The antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers is shaped to obtain the electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric; the shaping temperature is 160° C., and the shaping time is 3 minutes.

[0046] The prepared nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric has excellent antibacterial performance. After 100 washes, the antibacterial performance does not change significantly, and the antibacterial performance is long-lasting.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A method for preparing a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. Dissolve polyvinyl chloride and an organic aldehyde antibacterial agent in dimethylformamide and stir evenly to obtain a spinning solution; the mass fraction of polyvinyl chloride in the spinning solution is 18wt%, and the mass fraction of the organic aldehyde antibacterial agent is 7wt%.

[0050] S2. The spinning solution is electrospinned onto the surface of a nylon dyed fabric to produce antibacterial nanofibers, thereby obtaining an antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers; the process parameters of the electrospinning are: voltage of 42KV, receiving distance of 30cm, spinning environment temperature of 28°C, and spinning environment humidity of 61% RH; in the prepared antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers, the mass ratio of antibacterial nanofibers to nylon fibers is 1:180.

[0051] S3. The antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers is shaped to obtain the electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric; the shaping temperature is 180°C and the shaping time is 1 minute.

[0052] The prepared nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric has excellent antibacterial performance. After 100 washes, the antibacterial performance does not change significantly, and the antibacterial performance is long-lasting.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] A method for preparing an antibacterial nanofiber / cotton staple fiber inlaid spinning yarn comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. Dissolve cellulose acetate and biguanide antibacterial agent in cyclopentanone and stir evenly to obtain a spinning solution; the mass fraction of cellulose acetate in the spinning solution is 15wt%, and the mass fraction of biguanide antibacterial agent is 2wt%.

[0056] S2. The spinning solution is used to spin antibacterial nanofibers on the surface of cotton fibers through electrospinning to obtain antibacterial cotton fibers with deposited nanofibers; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage of 30KV, receiving distance of 20cm, spinning environment temperature of 25℃, and spinning environment humidity of 38%RH; in the antibacterial cotton fibers with deposited nanofibers, the mass ratio of antibacterial nanofibers to cotton fibers is 1:100.

[0057] S3. The antibacterial functional fibers of the deposited nanofibers are formed into strips, and then enter the subsequent yarn-forming process: fine anti-striping, drawing, coarse yarn, and fine yarn to obtain antibacterial nanofiber / cotton staple fiber inlaid spinning yarn.

[0058] The scanning electron microscopy image of the prepared antibacterial nanofiber / cotton staple fiber inlaid spinning line is shown in Figure 2 As shown, there is very little nanofiber attachment, indicating that the nanofiber is lost in multiple processes. Its antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus reaches 92%, and the antibacterial rate after 100 washes is 70%.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] A method for preparing an electrostatically spun antibacterial functional fabric comprises the following steps:

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that the heat setting temperature in step S3 is 80°C.

[0062] The antibacterial performance of the electrospun antibacterial functional fabric decreased significantly after 100 washes. The reason is that the heat setting temperature is low, the organic solvent evaporates slowly, and the antibacterial nanofibers do not form a fluffy structure to adsorb and adhere to the surface of the fabric, and the combination with the fabric is not firm.

[0063] The embodiments provided above are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the steps described are not intended to limit the execution order thereof. Those skilled in the art may make obvious improvements to the present invention in combination with existing common knowledge, which also fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-fastness electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric. It is characterized in that Includes steps: S1. dissolving the polymer and the antibacterial substance in an organic solvent to obtain a spinning solution; S2. The spinning solution is electrospun onto the surface of the fabric to form nanofibers, thereby obtaining an antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers; S3. Shape the antibacterial functional fabric with deposited nanofibers to obtain the electrostatically spun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S1, the polymer is one or more of acetate fiber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, chitin fiber, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenyl terephthalate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene; the organic solvent is one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, glacial acetic acid, dimethylformamide, acetone, cyclopentanone, isobutanol, toluene, ethanol, xylene, butanone, cyclohexane, and trichloroethylene.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S1, the antibacterial substance is one or more of a silver ion antibacterial agent, a quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, a biguanide antibacterial agent, an organic aldehyde antibacterial agent, and a heterocyclic antibacterial agent.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S1, the concentration of the polymer in the spinning solution is 8-22 wt%, and the concentration of the antibacterial substance is 2-8 wt%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S2, the fabric is one of yarn-dyed fabric, printed fabric, dyed fabric, and bleached fabric; the raw material of the fabric is selected from one or more of cellulose fibers and chemical fibers; the electrospinning process parameters are: electrospinning applied voltage 20-80KV, receiving distance 20-30cm, spinning temperature 20-30°C, and ambient humidity 30%-70%RH.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S2, the mass ratio of nanofibers to fabric in the antibacterial functional fabric on which nanofibers are deposited is 1:50-1:

200.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S3, the setting temperature is 100-180° C., and the setting time is 1-5 minutes.

8. Use of the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the preparation of antibacterial textiles.

9. The electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. Use of the electrospun nanofiber adsorption antibacterial functional fabric according to claim 9 in antibacterial textiles.

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