False-inclined inlet upward layered filling mining method for in-vein accurate mining of gentle-inclined medium-thickness ore body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining of ore deposits, in particular to an upward layered filling mining method for a gently-inclined medium-thick ore body in-vein accurate mining pseudo-inclined approach. According to the method, the interior of a middle section is divided into panels in the pseudo-inclined direction of the ore body trend, and one panel is arranged between two in-vein accurate mining ramps; the in-vein accurate mining slope ramp is arranged on an ore body bottom plate and is arranged in a pseudo-inclined mode relative to the inclination angle direction of an ore body. And according to stoping conditions, false-inclined drifts with different gradients are arranged in the subsections to carry out layered mining from bottom to top. According to the method, pseudo-inclined drift mining is adopted, the number of stopes in the subsections is increased, and the mining-cutting ratio is reduced. The height of the drift of the pseudo-inclined chamber is lower than the height of the subsection roadway of the subsection or the level of the subsection roadway of the subsection, and the work amount of retaining wall manufacturing is reduced in the first and second layered stoping and filling processes. No connection way is arranged between the subsection roadway and the ore body, and pseudo-inclined drifts with different gradients are directly used for mining in subsections, so that the number of stopes is effectively increased, and the mining intensity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining of ore deposits, and in particular to an upward layered filling mining method with a pseudo-inclined approach in a vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. Background Art

[0002] The upward layered filling mining method is suitable for mining ore bodies of various thicknesses and shapes with stable ore, medium-stable surrounding rock, steep and inclined ore bodies, and generally adopts the method of off-vein mining. For the mining of low-grade mineral resources, off-vein mining will lead to an increase in the mining-to-cut ratio, which will reduce the mining efficiency. At the same time, the upward layered filling mining method requires the use of off-vein segmented tunnels to recover multiple layered ore bodies. The connecting roads between the off-vein segmented tunnels and the ore bodies need to be set with different slopes to meet mining needs. The cutting workload is large, and the retaining wall production workload is large. The number of connecting roads directly restricts the number of mining sites and production capacity. The production connection between adjacent mining sites in the same connecting road is also restricted. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an upward layered filling mining method using a pseudo-inclined approach in the vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body.

[0004] The scheme of the present invention is:

[0005] A method for mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein by using a pseudo-inclined approach and upward layered filling, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Layout of the intra-vein mining and cutting project: divide the ore body into several middle sections in the vertical direction, and arrange the middle section along-vein transportation lanes; divide the ore body into several panels along the strike direction, arrange the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramps with a slope of 15% to 20% on both sides of the panels, and regard the ore body between the middle section along-vein transportation lanes and the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramps as a mining unit; divide the middle section into a section of 9m to 15m, and divide the mining unit into several mining areas. Arrange the section along-vein transportation lanes on the ore body floor along the strike direction of the ore body in each section as the main channels for transportation of personnel, materials, ore and ventilation;

[0007] 2) Mining: The interval mining between the sections is from bottom to top, and the mining area within the section is mined from bottom to top. The pseudo-inclined mine room access is arranged between the vein transportation laneway of the current section and the vein transportation laneway of the lower section. According to the mining conditions with different height differences between each layer and the vein transportation laneway of the current section, the pseudo-inclined mine room access is arranged in either downhill or flat slope;

[0008] 3) Filling: After the mining of each layer is completed, the bottom layer is filled with waste rock with a filling height of 1 to 3m; the surface layer is filled with cemented filling with a filling height of 1 to 3m, and the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches 1.5 to 2.0MPa; after the mining of each layer is completed, a filling pipe is connected at the entrance of the mine room, and the goaf is filled with cemented filling slurry.

[0009] The slope of the pseudo-inclined mining ramp within the vein is 15% to 20%. The slope of the pseudo-inclined mining ramp = elevation difference ÷ horizontal distance

[0010] ×100%.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, in the step 1), the ore body is divided into middle sections in the vertical direction in the range of 50m to 120m; in the step 1), the ore body is divided into pan areas in the range of 200 to 500m in the strike direction.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramp in step 1) starts from the middle section of the vein transport laneway, and the mining ramp is arranged along the uphill pseudo-inclination on the bottom plate of the ore body, connected with the segmented vein transport laneway, and then enters the ore block through the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mine room entrance with different slopes, forming a circuit for transportation of personnel, materials, ore and ventilation.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, in the step 2), the sections are mined from bottom to top in intervals, and two sections are operated in parallel, with 3 to 5 sections between the two sections in parallel operation; each stope in the section is mined from bottom to top in layers, with a layer height of 3 to 5 meters.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, at the beginning of the mining project in the step 2), a pseudo-inclined approach is arranged in the vein at the downhill of the ore body bottom plate through the segmented vein transport tunnel as the rock drilling space for mining the first and second layers; the approach is excavated until it is flush with the elevation of the bottom plate of the first mining layer in the segment, and then the pseudo-inclined mine room approach is arranged on a flat slope for mining. After the mining and filling of the first layer is completed, the filling body that reaches the expected strength meets the equipment operation requirements, and then the next layer is mined upward; after the mining and filling of the first and second layers are completed, the third layer is directly mined through the pseudo-inclined mine room approach arranged on the flat slope of the segmented vein transport tunnel.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, during the mining process in step 2), a drilling rig is used to drill horizontal blastholes with a blasthole diameter of 45 mm and a blasthole depth of 2.0 to 3.3 m. The blasthole depth of the mining project is 2.0 m and the blasthole spacing is 1.7 m.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, in the step 2), the mine room entrance is rectangular, with a height equal to the layer height, the layer height is 3 to 5 m, and a width of 3 to 5 m.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, a downhill pseudo-inclined access road is arranged in the first and second layer mining as rock drilling space in the 3), which is lower than the elevation of the segmented vein transportation tunnel at the entrance of the mining area. The mining access road structure has formed a natural filling mold. When filling the first and second layer pseudo-inclined mine chamber access roads, there is no need to build filling retaining walls. When filling the third layer pseudo-inclined mine chamber access roads, a retaining wall is built at the entrance of the mining area.

[0018] Advantages of the present invention:

[0019] (1) The present invention provides an upward stratified filling mining method for a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with an inclined approach in the vein. The upward stratified filling mining method is applied to a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. The method is based on the traditional upward stratified filling mining method, in which the inclined ramp and segmented tunnels are arranged in the vein of the ore body, the mining and cutting project is classified as part of the ore recovery, and a downhill or flat slope pseudo-inclined mine room approach is arranged to carry out stratified mining from bottom to top. Compared with the traditional arrangement of the upward stratified filling mining method with mining outside the vein, the arrangement of the mining and cutting project in the vein of the present invention greatly reduces the amount of waste rock generated and reduces the mining and cutting ratio.

[0020] (2) In the present invention, no connecting road is set between the segmented tunnel and the ore body within the segment, and mining is directly carried out using pseudo-inclined mine room approaches with different slopes, which effectively increases the number of mining sites and improves the mining intensity.

[0021] (3) Each segment of the present invention only mines the ore body with the elevation below the segment. The entrance heights of the pseudo-inclined mine chambers in the first and second layers are lower than the height of the segmented tunnels in the segment. The entrance structure has formed a natural filling mold, and the entrance height of the pseudo-inclined mine chamber in the third layer is level with it. During the filling process, the first and second layers do not need to build filling retaining walls. Only the retaining walls are built when the three-layer flat slope pseudo-inclined entrance is filled, which effectively reduces the engineering workload of the retaining walls during the filling process and reduces the mining cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A top view of an upward layered filling mining method for mining in a vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a side view of a method of mining in a vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body by upward layered filling with a quasi-inclined approach according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the stope layout and mining sequence of a method of upward layered filling mining in a vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body according to the present invention;

[0026] In the figure, 1-ore body; 2-pseudo-inclined mining ramp within the vein; 3-segmented transportation tunnel along the vein; 31-first-layer pseudo-inclined mine chamber entrance; 32-second-layer pseudo-inclined mine chamber entrance; 33-third-layer pseudo-inclined mine chamber entrance; 4-retaining wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein by using a pseudo-inclined approach and upward layered filling, comprising the following steps:

[0030] 1) Layout of the intra-vein mining and cutting project: the ore body (1) is divided into several middle sections with a range of 50m to 120m in the vertical direction, and the middle section along-vein transportation tunnels are arranged; the ore body is divided into several panels with a range of 200 to 500m in the strike direction, and the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramps (2) with a slope of 15% to 20% are arranged on both sides of the panels, and the ore body between the middle section along-vein transportation tunnel and the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramps (2) is used as a mining unit; the middle section is divided into a section with a range of 9m to 15m, and the mining unit is divided into several mining areas, and each section is arranged with a section along-vein transportation tunnel (3) on the bottom plate of the ore body (1) along the strike direction of the ore body as a passage for the transportation of main personnel, materials, ore and ventilation. The intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramp (2) starts from the middle section of the vein transport laneway, and the mining ramp (2) is arranged along the uphill pseudo-inclined slope on the bottom plate of the ore body (1), connected with the segmented vein transport laneway (3), and then enters the ore block through the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mine room entrance with different slopes, forming a circuit for transportation of personnel, materials, ore and ventilation.

[0031] 2) Mining: The interval mining between the sections is from bottom to top. The interval mining between the sections is from bottom to top. At the same time, two sections are operated in parallel, and there are 3 to 5 sections between the two sections in parallel operation. Each stope in the section is mined from bottom to top in layers, and the layer height is 3 to 5m. The pseudo-inclined mine room access of each layer is arranged between the vein transport lane (3) of the current section and the vein transport lane (3) of the lower section. According to the mining conditions with different height differences between each layer and the vein transport lane (3) of the current section, the pseudo-inclined mine room access adopts one of the downhill layout or flat slope layout. At the beginning of the mining project, During the period, the segmented along-the-vein transport laneway (3) arranges the first layer pseudo-inclined mine room approach (31) and the second layer pseudo-inclined mine room approach (32) on the downslope of the ore body floor as the rock drilling space for mining; the approach is excavated until it is flush with the elevation of the first layer floor of the segmented mining, and then the pseudo-inclined mine room approach is arranged on a flat slope for mining. After the first layer mining and filling is completed, the filling body reaches the expected strength and meets the equipment operation requirements, and then the next layer is mined upward; after the first and second layers are mined and filled, the third layer is directly mined by the segmented along-the-vein transport laneway (3) on a flat slope with pseudo-inclined mine room approach. During the mining process, a rock drilling trolley is used to drill horizontal blastholes, the blasthole diameter is 45mm, the blasthole depth is 2.0~3.3m, the mining engineering blasthole depth is 2.0m, and the blasthole spacing is 1.7m. The mine room approach is rectangular, the height is the layer height, the layer height is 3~5m, and the width is 3~5m.

[0032] 3) Filling: After each layer is mined, the bottom layer is filled with waste rock, with a filling height of 1 to 3m; the surface layer is filled with cemented filling, with a filling height of 1 to 3m, and the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches 1.5 to 2.0MPa; after each layer is mined, a filling pipe is connected at the entrance of the mine room, and the goaf is filled with cemented filling slurry;

[0033] 4) Closed segmented vein transport tunnel: After each segment is mined, retaining walls (4) are built at both ends of the segmented vein transport tunnel (3) and at the fork of the ramp, and the segmented vein transport tunnel (3) is filled with filling slurry. A downhill pseudo-inclined access road is arranged as a rock drilling space for the first and second layer mining, which is lower than the elevation of the segmented vein transport tunnel (3) at the entrance of the mining site. The mining access road structure has formed a natural filling mold. When filling the first layer pseudo-inclined mine room access road (31) and the second layer pseudo-inclined mine room access road (32), it is not necessary to build a filling retaining wall (4). When filling the third layer pseudo-inclined mine room access road, a retaining wall (4) is built at the entrance of the mining site.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A sedimentary phosphate deposit in the southwest, the ore layer is controlled by the sedimentary environment and has a stable distribution. The lithology of the ore layer is mainly phosphate rock, banded phosphate rock, sandy phosphate rock and gravel phosphate rock. The thickness of the ore body (1) is 9 to 15m, the average thickness is 12m, and the average P2O5 content is 25%. The top of the ore layer is phosphorus-containing dolomite and siliceous agglomerate dolomite, which is hard; the bottom is siliceous rock with hard lithology. The occurrence of the ore layer is generally NE-SW, inclined to SE, with a general dip angle of 5° to 25°, and an average dip angle of 15°.

[0036] A method of upward layered filling mining on a quasi-inclined approach in a vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body is adopted, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Layout of the intra-vein mining project: The ore body (1) is divided into a middle section of 120 m in the vertical direction, and a subsection of 12 m in the middle section, for a total of 10 subsections. The ore body (1) is divided into a panel area of ​​200 m in the ore body strike direction, and a pseudo-inclined mining ramp (2) is arranged in the vein with a slope of 15% on both sides of the panel area. The middle section along-vein transport lane, the sub-section along-vein transport lane (3) and the pseudo-inclined mining ramp (2) in the vein are connected to form a circuit for the transportation of personnel, materials, ore and ventilation.

[0038] (2) Mining and filling: The mining area is mined in layers from bottom to top in the segmented mining area, and a three-layer pseudo-inclined mining room access is arranged. The pseudo-inclined mining room access is 4m wide and 4m high.

[0039] The floor elevation of the segmented vein transport tunnel (3) of the first mining segment is 2800m, the elevation range of the mining body (1) of this segment is 2792m-2804m, the elevation range of the first layer recovery body (1) of this segment is 2792m-2796m, the elevation range of the second layer recovery body (1) is 2796m-2800m, and the elevation range of the third layer recovery body (1) is 2800m-2804m. The segmented vein transport tunnel (3) is driven downhill at a slope of 15% on the floor of the ore body to form a first layer pseudo-inclined mine room approach (31) and a second layer pseudo-inclined mine room approach (32) as rock drilling space for recovery. After the floor elevation of the downhill pseudo-inclined approach is driven to 2792m, it is turned to flat slope driving of the pseudo-inclined mine room approach for first layer recovery.

[0040] The bottom layer of the first-layer goaf is filled with waste rock, with a filling height of 3m; the surface layer is filled with cementitious filling, and the filling slurry fills the goaf; the elevation of the first-layer mining body (1) is 2800m lower than the bottom plate elevation of the segmented vein transportation tunnel (3), and the goaf access structure has formed a natural filling mold, and no filling retaining wall (4) is built. After the filling body strength reaches 1.5-2.0MPa, the second-layer mining operation is carried out on the cast artificial false bottom.

[0041] The second-layer goaf entry is 4.5m high, the bottom layer is filled with waste rock, the filling height is 3.5m, the surface layer is filled with cement, the filling height is 0.5m, and the goaf is also filled with filling slurry; the elevation of the second-layer mining body (1) is also lower than the bottom plate elevation of the segmented vein transportation tunnel (3) 2800m, and the filling retaining wall (4) is not built. After the first and second-layer mining and filling operations are completed, the third-layer pseudo-inclined mine room entry (33) is excavated from the segmented vein transportation tunnel (3) on the artificial false bottom. After the mining operation is completed, the filling retaining wall (4) is built at the entrance of the mining area and then filled. The filling method is the same as the filling method of the second-layer goaf entry, completing the mining and filling operation of a segmented mining area. The elevation range of the ore body (1) in this middle section mining is 2792m~2912m, with a total of 10 sections. The sections are mined from bottom to top, and two sections are operated in parallel. There are 5 sections between the two sections. The mining and filling operation of a panel stope is completed in 5 times. The first section is mined with elevations of 2792m~2804m and 2852m~2864m, the second section is mined with elevations of 2804m~2816m and 2864m~2876m, the third section is mined with elevations of 2816m~2828m and 2876m~2888m, the fourth section is mined with elevations of 2828m~2840m and 2888m~2900m, and the last section is mined with elevations of 2840m~2852m and 2900m~2912m.

[0042] The present invention has a mining-to-cut ratio of 4.5m / kt, a depletion rate of about 10%, and a loss rate of 8%. The present invention applies the upward layered filling mining method to gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Compared with the traditional upward layered filling mining method, the mining-to-cut ratio of 4.5m / kt is significantly reduced because there is no need to construct an extra-vein mining ramp, extra-vein segmented tunnels, connecting roads or mine exit roads between the mining project and the ore body.

[0043] Compared with the traditional upward layered filling mining method, the filling retaining wall engineering volume of the present invention is reduced by ≥70 percentage points, which shows that the present invention can shorten the mining cycle operation time and effectively improve the mining intensity.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body with a pseudo-inclined approach and upward layered filling, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Layout of the intra-vein mining and cutting project: the ore body is divided into several middle sections in the vertical direction, and the middle section along-vein transportation lanes are arranged; the ore body is divided into several panels along the strike of the ore body, and the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramps with a slope of 15% to 20% are arranged on both sides of the panels, and the ore body between the middle section along-vein transportation lanes and the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramps is regarded as a mining unit; the middle section is divided into a section of 9m to 15m, and the mining unit is divided into several mining areas, and each section is arranged with a section along-vein transportation lane on the ore body floor along the strike of the ore body; 2) Mining: The interval mining between the sections is from bottom to top, and the mining area within the section is mined from bottom to top. The pseudo-inclined mine room access is arranged between the vein transportation laneway of the current section and the vein transportation laneway of the lower section. According to the mining conditions with different height differences between each layer and the vein transportation laneway of the current section, the pseudo-inclined mine room access is arranged in either downhill or flat slope; 3) Filling: After each layer is mined, a filling retaining wall is built at the bottom of the mine room, and then filling is carried out. The bottom layer of the empty area is filled with waste rock, with a filling height of 1 to 3m; the surface layer is filled with cement, with a filling height of 1 to 3m, and the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches 1.5 to 2.0MPa; after each layer is mined, a filling pipe is connected at the entrance of the mine room, and the cement filling slurry is used to fill the empty area.

2. The method of upward layered filling mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein using a pseudo-inclined approach as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the ore body is divided into middle sections in the vertical direction in the range of 50m to 120m; in the step 1), the ore body is divided into pan areas in the range of 200 to 500m in the strike direction.

3. The upward layered filling mining method of the pseudo-inclined approach in the vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: The intra-vein pseudo-inclined mining ramp in step 1) starts from the middle section of the vein transport laneway, and the mining ramp is arranged along the uphill pseudo-inclined slope on the bottom plate of the ore body, connected with the segmented vein transport laneway, and then enters the ore block through the intra-vein pseudo-inclined mine room entrance with different slopes.

4. The method of upward layered filling mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein using a pseudo-inclined approach as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the sections are mined from bottom to top in intervals, and two sections are operated in parallel, with 3 to 5 sections between the two sections in parallel operation; each stope in the section is mined from bottom to top in layers, with a layer height of 3 to 5 meters.

5. The upward layered filling mining method of the pseudo-inclined approach in the vein of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by: In the step 2), at the beginning of the mining project, a pseudo-inclined approach is arranged in the vein at the downhill of the ore body bottom plate through the segmented vein transport laneway as the rock drilling space for mining the first and second layers; the approach is excavated until it is flush with the elevation of the first mining layer bottom plate in the segment, and then the pseudo-inclined mine room approach is arranged on a flat slope for mining. After the mining and filling of the first layer is completed, the filling body with the expected strength meets the equipment operation requirements, and then the next layer is mined upward; after the mining and filling of the first and second layers are completed, the third layer is directly mined by the pseudo-inclined mine room approach arranged on the flat slope of the segmented vein transport laneway.

6. The method of upward layered filling mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein using a pseudo-inclined approach as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: During the mining process in step 2), a rock drilling rig is used to drill horizontal blastholes with a blasthole diameter of 45 mm and a blasthole depth of 2.0 to 3.3 m. The blasthole depth of the mining project is 2.0 m and the blasthole spacing is 1.7 m.

7. The upward layered filling mining method for mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein using a pseudo-inclined approach as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), the mine room entrance is rectangular, the height is the layer height, the layer height is 3 to 5m, and the width is 3 to 5m.

8. The upward layered filling mining method for mining in a gently inclined medium-thick ore body vein using a pseudo-inclined approach as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the above 3), a downhill pseudo-inclined access road is arranged for the first and second layer mining as the rock drilling space, which is lower than the elevation of the segmented vein transportation tunnel at the entrance of the mining area. The mining access road structure has formed a natural filling mold. When the first and second layer pseudo-inclined mine room access roads are filled, a retaining wall is built at the entrance of the mining area.

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