Impact turbine blade sediment abrasion device and system and manufacturing method
Through the velocity triangle theory designing fluid channels and CFD simulation technology, combined with rectangular steel processing, the local runner experimental device for the turbine runner is formed, which solves the problems of high costs and large errors in the existing technology, and achieves more accurate wear rate and better The extensive research area reduces the cost of silt wear tests for turbine wheels.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411510561.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-28
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
AI Technical Summary
The existing water turbine wheel silt wear test equipment is expensive and it is difficult to deeply explore the silt wear rules. In particular, the wear rules of the impact wheel are less studied, and the error is large due to geometric simplification, and the wear rate is inaccurate, and the research area is affected by limit.
The anti-sand wear device of the blade of the impact turbine is used to design the fluid channel through the velocity triangle theory, combine CFD simulation technology to verify the accuracy of the experimental device, and use rectangular steel CNC processing fluid channel and overflow components to form an experimental device to realize the rotation of the turbine wheel local runner modeling and simulation.
The geometric simplification error is reduced, and more accurate wear rates and more realistic wear areas are obtained, and the research area is expanded to the entire rotor blade and the crown ring area, reducing costs and improving the operability and reproducibility of the experiment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119147294A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of turbine wear simulation, and in particular relates to a device, system and manufacturing method for sand wear of reaction turbine blades. Background Art
[0002] In the global hydropower generation process, the problem of silt wear of turbine flow components is common. When sandy water containing silt particles passes through the flow components of turbines, the surface is worn by the silt particles and becomes uneven, which promotes the development of local disturbance and cavitation of water flow. When the wear is severe, it may even cause the runner blades to break, resulting in reduced unit operating efficiency and increased operating vibration. The silt wear damage and cavitation erosion of turbines are very complex physical processes, which involve multi-disciplinary issues such as multiphase flow, silt wear, tribology, materials science and surface protection, and are multi-phase, microscopic, transient and random.
[0003] The flow of water in the flow passage of a turbine is a complex three-dimensional flow. Common research methods include theoretical analysis, numerical simulation analysis based on computer technology, and experimental research. At present, people do not have a deep understanding of the movement law of sand-laden water flow. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are mainly qualitative analysis. To further deepen the research, it is necessary to carry out experimental research.
[0004] The turbine runner is a key flow component that converts water energy into mechanical energy. Its blades are generally designed as three-dimensional twisted curved surfaces based on hydraulics. The cross-sectional shape is very complex, and the thickness difference between the water inlet and outlet is large. Therefore, the design of the wear test device for the turbine runner faces more challenges than the test design of other flow components such as guide vanes.
[0005] The patented methods of the existing turbine runner sediment wear test equipment are mainly about the test design of anti-wear structures. The main application field is to provide anti-wear design references before the operation of the hydropower station runner. There are few test designs for exploring the laws of sediment wear, and even fewer test designs for exploring the wear laws of reaction-type runners. Chinese patent CN111257030A discloses an experimental device for hydraulic performance and wear performance of hydraulic machinery under sand-containing conditions, wherein the working condition simulation module includes a water supply pump, a water pump, and a turbine, a simmer tank and a circulating pump connected in series in a circulation pipeline. The circulating pump is used to drive the operation of the turbine, and the simmer tank is used to stabilize the water flow at the outlet of the tailwater pipe of the turbine. The upper part of the simmer tank is provided with a sand adding hole and a water supply exhaust hole, and the bottom is provided with a drainage hole and a sand flushing hole. The inlet of the water supply pump is connected to the water supply pipeline, and the outlet is connected to the water supply exhaust hole. The water supply pipeline is connected to the sand flushing hole, and the inlet of the water pump is connected to the drainage hole, and the outlet is connected to the sand recovery device; the data measurement and working condition adjustment module includes a measuring element for measuring the sand-containing water flow, sediment concentration, and the inlet and outlet pressure data of the turbine and the circulating pump in the circulation pipeline, and an adjustment element for adjusting the flow of the circulation pipeline.
[0006] The above experimental device uses a real turbine to conduct experiments, which is very costly and unacceptable. Summary of the invention
[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a device, system and manufacturing method for the mud and sand wear of reaction turbine blades. The fluid channel under the corresponding working conditions is designed by intercepting the main characteristics of the runner and combining the velocity triangle theory. The CFD simulation technology is used to verify the accuracy of the experimental device. The fluid channel and the selected flow-through components are CNC-machined on the rectangular steel to form an experimental device, so as to achieve the purpose of modeling and experiment. In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is to adopt a reaction-type turbine blade sediment wear device, including a main body and an inlet channel and an outlet channel respectively connected to the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the main body; the main body is simulated according to a real turbine runner, and it at least includes a flow section composed of all types of blades of the runner and part of the upper and lower annular surfaces at corresponding positions; the blades are located in a cavity formed by the upper and lower annular surfaces and the side walls; the wide flow surface of the flow section is connected to the water inlet channel, and the narrow flow surface of the flow section is connected to the water outlet channel.
[0008] As an improvement, a fluid channel is arranged between the water inlet channel and the main body; the fluid channel gradually narrows along the water flow direction; the angle between the fluid channel and the tangent of the blade circumference is the relative liquid flow angle β, and the water flow speed in the fluid channel is the relative speed W; the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W are obtained by calculating the speed triangle of the real turbine runner being simulated. As a further improvement, the three sides of the velocity triangle are the circumferential velocity U, the absolute velocity V and the relative velocity W; wherein the angle between the circumferential velocity U and the absolute velocity V is the absolute liquid flow angle α, and the angle between the circumferential velocity U and the relative velocity W is the relative liquid flow angle β. As another further improvement, the main body is proportionally reduced relative to a real turbine runner.
[0009] As an improvement, in the case where the real turbine being simulated is a long-short blade runner, the main body includes a long blade and two short blades located on both sides of the long blade, and the side wall of the main body is formed by extending the wall surface of another long blade outside the short blade; In the case where the real water turbine being simulated is a non-long-short blade runner, the main body includes one blade, and the side wall of the main body is formed by extending the other two blade wall surfaces outside the blade.
[0010] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a reaction turbine blade silt wear device, which is used to manufacture the reaction turbine blade silt wear device, comprising: Construct 3D and mesh models of turbine runners; The three-dimensional model is intercepted to obtain a main model of the experimental device, wherein the intercepted part at least includes all types of blades of the runner and upper and lower annular surfaces at corresponding positions; The rotating flow of the real turbine runner is converted into the relative flow in the grid model to obtain the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W of the water entering the blade, thereby obtaining the angle between the fluid channel and the blade circumferential tangent and the water flow speed in the fluid channel; Make the main body of the experimental device according to the main model; The main body is assembled with the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel to obtain an experimental device.
[0011] As an improvement, a proportionally reduced three-dimensional model of the turbine runner is obtained through three-dimensional modeling; based on the three-dimensional model, a mesh model of the turbine runner is obtained through CFD simulation.
[0012] As an improvement, when the real turbine being simulated is a long-short blade runner, the main model includes a long blade and two short blades located on both sides of the long blade, and the side wall of the main model is formed by extending the wall surface of another long blade outside the short blade; In the case that the real water turbine being simulated is a non-long-short blade runner, the main body model includes one blade, and the side wall of the main body model is formed by extending the other two blade wall surfaces outside the blade.
[0013] As an improvement, the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W are calculated by the speed triangle of the real turbine runner being simulated. The three sides of the speed triangle are the circumferential speed U, the absolute speed V and the relative speed W; wherein the angle between the circumferential speed U and the absolute speed V is the absolute liquid flow angle α, and the angle between the circumferential speed U and the relative speed W is the relative liquid flow angle β.
[0014] The present invention also provides a water turbine runner sediment wear test system, comprising the above-mentioned reaction type water turbine blade sediment wear device.
[0015] The present invention is beneficial in that: The present invention is a runner fluid channel modeling method based on the turbine internal flow theory and CFD simulation technology. The runner to be studied is used as a prototype to carry out local flow channel modeling as an experiment. The local flow channel is processed according to the flow theory so that the rotational flow in the reaction type hydraulic machinery runner is simplified to a non-rotational relative flow. The CFD simulation technology is used to verify the rationality of the experimental device design. The experimental device is obtained by numerical control processing on rectangular steel. The runner fluid channel modeling method is highly operable and reproducible, which is conducive to the general promotion of the field of hydraulic machinery sediment wear experiments. Its advantages include: 1. Reducing the error caused by geometric simplification: In the present invention, a flow channel with basic geometric characteristics is extracted from the studied impeller model through professional modeling software, which can fully consider the combined effect of the turbine upper crown, lower ring, long and short blades of the impeller on the water flow, and can greatly reduce the error caused by simplified geometric structure in the prior art.
[0016] 2. The wear rate is more accurate and the wear area is more realistic: In the existing technical solutions, due to cost considerations, only the parts with worse sediment conditions can be selected for local research based on numerical calculation results, resulting in a larger wear rate. The present invention can conduct an overall study on the runner blades, so a more specific and accurate wear rate can be obtained. At the same time, the present invention can obtain the runner wear law under the flow surface of any blade height, without the need to judge the location of the area with severe wear in advance to make a choice, avoiding the deviation of the predicted area due to the influence of numerical calculation technology. 3. The researchable area has been expanded: the existing technical solutions can only explore the wear law under a blade high flow surface. In the present invention, the research area is expanded to the entire runner blade and the runner upper crown and runner lower ring area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention from another angle.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention from another angle.
[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the speed triangle in the present invention.
[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the water flow direction in the fluid channel of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a cutout portion in Example 2 of the present invention.
[0025] Fig. 9A A comparison of the near-wall flow characteristics between the prototype and the experimental device (relative chord length of the front side of the long blade).
[0026] Fig. 9B A comparison of the near-wall flow characteristics between the prototype and the experimental device (relative chord length on the back of the long blade).
[0027] Fig. 9C A comparison of the near-wall flow characteristics between the prototype and the experimental device (relative chord length of the front side of the short blade).
[0028] Fig.9D A comparison of the near-wall flow characteristics between the prototype and the experimental device (relative chord length on the back of the short blade).
[0029] Fig. 10A This is a schematic diagram of the numerical streamlines of the prototype wheel.
[0030] Fig. 10B Schematic diagram of the numerical streamlines of the experimental device.
[0031] Markings in the figure: 1 main body, 2 fluid channel, 31 long blade, 32 short blade, 33 short blade, 4 upper annulus, 5 lower annulus, 6 water inlet channel, 7 water outlet channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.
[0032] Definition of terms Water turbine: a power machine that converts the energy of water flow into rotational mechanical energy, which belongs to the turbine machine in fluid machinery. The water turbine in the present invention refers to a reaction water turbine.
[0033] Flow-through parts: refers to the parts in hydraulic machinery (such as water pumps, turbines, etc.) that are in direct contact with fluids (such as water). Their main function is to guide, convert or discharge fluids.
[0034] Guide vane: It is a energy conversion device in hydraulic machinery such as centrifugal pumps or turbines, mainly used to adjust and guide the direction and speed of water flow.
[0035] Turbine runner blades: are part of the turbine runner, usually designed as three-dimensional twisted curved surfaces according to hydraulic principles. These blades rotate with the runner, converting the energy (including kinetic energy and potential energy) in the water flow into rotational mechanical energy by guiding the water flow and changing its flow direction and speed.
[0036] Numerical simulation: is a method of simulating and emulating actual physical processes or systems using numerical calculation methods and computer technology. It converts the mathematical model of the actual physical process or system into numerical form and solves it using numerical calculation methods to obtain the numerical solution or approximate solution of the process or system.
[0037] Working condition: used to describe the specific conditions and status of equipment, machines or systems during their working process.
[0038] Turbine blade height: In the field of turbine technology, it is an important parameter, which usually refers to the height of the working part of the turbine runner blade. This height has a significant impact on the performance and efficiency of the turbine.
[0039] Example 1 like Figure 1~Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a reaction turbine blade sediment wear device, comprising a main body 1 and a water inlet channel 6 and a water outlet channel 7 respectively connected to the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the main body 1; the main body 1 is simulated according to a real turbine runner, and at least includes a flow section composed of all types of blades of the runner and part of the upper and lower annular surfaces at corresponding positions; the blades are located in a cavity composed of the upper and lower annular surfaces and the side walls; the wide flow surface of the flow section is connected to the water inlet channel 6, and the narrow flow surface of the flow section is connected to the water outlet channel 7.
[0040] In the present invention, a real turbine runner, i.e., a prototype, is simulated and only a part of it is intercepted as the main body of the experiment, and the rotating flow of the runner is simplified to a stationary flow, thereby greatly reducing the difficulty of the experiment and reducing the experimental cost.
[0041] It is foreseeable that, in order to further reduce the cost, the main body is proportionally reduced relative to the real turbine runner.
[0042] More specifically, in order to facilitate the water flow in the experimental device to achieve the same flushing effect as the rotating flow in the prototype, a fluid channel 2 is arranged between the water inlet channel 6 and the main body 1 in this embodiment; the fluid channel 2 gradually narrows along the water flow direction; the angle between the fluid channel 2 and the tangent of the blade circumference is the relative liquid flow angle β, and the water flow speed in the fluid channel is the relative speed W; the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W are obtained by calculating the speed triangle of the real turbine runner being simulated.
[0043] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the turbine runner velocity triangle is a vector triangle used to describe the motion state of water particles in the turbine runner. According to the principle of velocity decomposition and synthesis in mechanics, this triangle is composed of three velocity vectors, as follows: Absolute velocity (V): The velocity of the water particle relative to the stationary parts of the turbine (or the earth). The velocity of the water observed on the stationary ground is the absolute velocity.
[0044] Relative velocity (W): The velocity of water particles flowing along the impeller blades. In other words, it is the velocity of the water flow seen as the impeller moves. This velocity reflects the motion state of the water flow in the blade flow channel.
[0045] Circumferential velocity (U): The speed at which the water particles rotate with the impeller. It represents the linear velocity of the observation point as it rotates with the impeller. The circumferential velocity reflects the rotational relationship between the water particles and the impeller.
[0046] The three velocity vectors satisfy the relationship of vector synthesis, that is, the absolute velocity V can be regarded as the synthesis of the relative velocity W and the involved velocity U. Therefore, by synthesizing these three velocity vectors according to the parallelogram law (or triangle law), a closed triangle is obtained, namely the turbine water flow velocity triangle.
[0047] In the velocity triangle, the angle between the circumferential velocity U and the absolute velocity V is the absolute liquid flow angle α, and the angle between the circumferential velocity U and the relative velocity W is the relative liquid flow angle β.
[0048] Since the rotating flow is simplified to a stationary flow in the present invention, in the fluid channel, the angle between the fluid channel and the tangent line of the blade circumference is the relative liquid flow angle β, and the water flow velocity in the fluid channel is the relative velocity W.
[0049] The specific calculation method is: U =πnr / 30; V u =q v / A1; A1=2πrb; Where: U is the circumferential speed; V u is the axial speed; A1 is the runner inlet area; r is the runner inlet radius; n is the speed; qv is the volume flow rate; b is the runner inlet height. The following is the calculation and results of the speed triangle under various working conditions, where the angle α is measured through the geometric model, and the parameters such as the circumferential speed and axial speed can be obtained through the turbine parameter table.
[0050] After obtaining the circumferential speed U (side length) and axial speed V uAfter determining the relative velocity W and the relative liquid flow angle β, the trigonometric function can be used to calculate the relative velocity W and the relative liquid flow angle β.
[0051] In addition, the existing reaction turbine runners include long-short blade runners and non-long-short blade runners.
[0052] When the real turbine being simulated is a long-short blade runner, the main body includes a long blade 31 and short blades 32 and 33 located on both sides of the long blade, and the side wall of the main body is extended by the wall surface of another long blade outside the short blade.
[0053] When the real water turbine being simulated is a non-long-short blade runner, the main body includes one blade, and the side wall of the main body is formed by extending the other two blade wall surfaces outside the blade.
[0054] The top wall and bottom wall formed by the upper annular surface 4 and the lower annular surface 5 and the side wall formed by the inner arc surface of the blade make the enclosed cavity closer to the prototype, thereby obtaining higher simulation accuracy.
[0055] It is foreseeable that, since the structure inside the main body is related to the experimental results, in order to facilitate production and manufacturing, only the inner sides of the upper annular surface 4 and the lower annular surface 5 retain the arc surface of the prototype, and the outer surfaces are square straight surfaces that are easy to produce and store. Similarly, the side walls of the main body 1 are also the same.
[0056] In this embodiment, the lower annular surface 5, the left and right side walls and the fluid channel 2 in the main body 1 are integrated. The fluid channel is formed by extending the upper and lower annular surfaces and the side walls. The blades are installed in the cavity by assembly. The upper annular surface 4 is fixed to the other parts of the main body by bolts or the like. The water inlet channel 6 and the water outlet channel 7 are connected to the main body 1 by flanges.
[0057] Example 2 like Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a reaction turbine blade silt wear device, which is used to manufacture the reaction turbine blade silt wear device, comprising: S1 builds the 3D and mesh model of the turbine runner.
[0058] In this embodiment, according to the design drawings, the three-dimensional modeling of the studied runner is performed by professional three-dimensional modeling software. Based on the three-dimensional model, the grid model of the runner three-dimensional model is established by using professional CFD simulation software and CFD simulation is performed on a certain research working condition to obtain parameters such as the runner flow velocity distribution and pressure distribution under the working condition.
[0059] It is foreseeable that in order to reduce the cost of later simulations, the three-dimensional model will be proportionally reduced relative to the prototype.
[0060] S2 intercepts the three-dimensional model to obtain a main model of the experimental device, and the intercepted part at least includes all types of blades of the runner and upper and lower annular surfaces at corresponding positions.
[0061] When the real turbine being simulated is a long-short blade runner, the main body model includes a long blade and two short blades located on both sides of the long blade, and the side wall of the main body model is formed by extending the wall surface of another long blade outside the short blade; In the case that the real water turbine being simulated is a non-long-short blade runner, the main body model includes one blade, and the side wall of the main body model is formed by extending the other two blade wall surfaces outside the blade.
[0062] Specific as Figure 8 As shown, in the three-dimensional model of the runner, the flow section formed by the blade surface and the upper and lower annular surfaces is used as the experimental section flow channel. In the flow section, A represents the short blade 33, B represents the long blade 31, and C represents the segment blade 32. The A, B, and C flow components are all in the flow channel formed by the wall surfaces of the long blades of the runner on both sides and their extended parts. According to the characteristics of the three-dimensional model of the runner and the internal flow theory of the turbine, the fluid channel gradually narrows from the inlet to the outlet, and the inlet and outlet of the fluid channel need to be appropriately extended to guide the direction of the water flow.
[0063] S3 converts the rotating flow of the real turbine runner into the relative flow in the grid model, obtains the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W of the water entering the blade, and thus obtains the angle between the fluid channel and the blade circumferential tangent and the water flow speed in the fluid channel.
[0064] The rotating flow of the impeller is simplified as the relative flow in a stationary device according to the flow theory: in the velocity triangle theory, the actual flow velocity is decomposed into the circumferential velocity with rotational motion and the relative velocity without rotational motion. The magnitude and direction of the relative velocity without rotational motion are deduced based on the velocity triangle theory through the parameters such as the impeller speed, flow rate, inlet area and the like corresponding to the working condition under study. The inlet of the fluid channel is thereby modified, and the rotational motion in the original impeller is simplified as the relative motion in a stationary device.
[0065] The specific calculation process is shown in Example 1 and will not be described in detail in this example.
[0066] According to the simulated working conditions, the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W can be adjusted. Similarly, the angle between the fluid channel and the blade circumference tangent and the water flow speed in the fluid channel are also adjusted accordingly.
[0067] S4 simulates the experimental device and the original turbine flow field through CFD simulation to verify the accuracy of the experimental device.
[0068] Since the runner is a complex structure with high spatial distortion, the runner is divided into several distorted sections from the lower ring surface to the upper ring surface for the convenience of analysis. The blade profile on a certain research section is taken, and the blade profile data is extracted through 3D modeling software. The CFD simulation technology is used to carry out flow simulation on the experimental device and the original turbine under the same operating conditions. The main flow characteristics such as flow velocity on the profile are compared to evaluate the design rationality of the experimental device. Figures 9A to 9D As shown, it can be seen that the main flow characteristics are similar in size and trend, and the experimental design is reasonable.
[0069] S5 makes the main body of the experimental device according to the main body model.
[0070] In this embodiment, CNC machining is used on steel to obtain the main body of the experimental device that meets the design requirements. Among them, the upper ring surface, the lower ring surface and the blades are all manufactured separately and then assembled. The fluid channel can be manufactured integrally with the lower ring surface.
[0071] The experimental body is formed by assembling the prepared components.
[0072] S6 assembles the main body with the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel to obtain an experimental device.
[0073] The water inlet channel and the water outlet channel have relatively low precision requirements and can be manufactured by welding, stamping, etc. The manufactured water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are assembled with the main body to obtain a complete experimental device.
[0074] Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B The numerical streamlines of the prototype impeller and the numerical streamlines of the experimental device are displayed respectively. The sand-water streamlines reflect the movement trajectory of the sediment particles in the impeller. The flow in the test section is highly similar to that in the prototype impeller. The movement trajectory of the sediment particles in the area is uniform and smooth, there is no impact on the blade head, and there is no obvious backflow and secondary flow phenomenon.
[0075] Example 3 The present invention also provides a water turbine runner sediment wear test system, comprising the above-mentioned reaction type water turbine blade sediment wear device.
[0076] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for preventing mud and sand wear on the blades of a reaction turbine. Features: It comprises a main body and an inlet channel and an outlet channel respectively connected to the inlet end and the outlet end of the main body; the main body is simulated according to a real turbine runner, and at least comprises a flow section composed of all types of blades of the runner and part of the upper and lower annular surfaces at corresponding positions; the blades are located in a cavity composed of the upper and lower annular surfaces and the side walls; the wide flow surface of the flow section is connected to the inlet channel, and the narrow flow surface of the flow section is connected to the outlet channel.
2. A device for protecting blades of a reaction turbine from mud and sand wear according to claim 1, Features: A fluid channel is provided between the water inlet channel and the main body; the fluid channel gradually narrows along the water flow direction; the angle between the fluid channel and the tangent of the blade circumference is the relative liquid flow angle β, and the water flow speed in the fluid channel is the relative speed W; the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W are obtained by calculating the speed triangle of the real turbine runner being simulated.
3. The device for protecting blades of a reaction turbine from mud and sand wear according to claim 2, Features: The three sides of the velocity triangle are the circumferential velocity U, the absolute velocity V and the relative velocity W; wherein the angle between the circumferential velocity U and the absolute velocity V is the absolute liquid flow angle α, and the angle between the circumferential velocity U and the relative velocity W is the relative liquid flow angle β.
4. The device for protecting blades of a reaction turbine from silt wear according to claim 1, Features: The main body is proportionally reduced relative to a real water turbine runner.
5. The device for preventing mud and sand wear of reaction turbine blades according to claim 1, Features: In the case where the real turbine being simulated is a long-short blade runner, the main body includes a long blade and two short blades located on both sides of the long blade, and the side wall of the main body is formed by extending the wall surface of another long blade outside the short blade; In the case where the real water turbine being simulated is a non-long-short blade runner, the main body includes one blade, and the side wall of the main body is formed by extending the other two blade wall surfaces outside the blade.
6. A method for manufacturing a reaction turbine blade silt wear device, used for manufacturing the reaction turbine blade silt wear device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, Features include: Construct 3D and mesh models of turbine runners; The three-dimensional model is intercepted to obtain a main model of the experimental device, wherein the intercepted part at least includes all types of blades of the runner and upper and lower annular surfaces at corresponding positions; The rotating flow of the real turbine runner is converted into the relative flow in the grid model, and the relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W of the water flow entering the blade are obtained. The relative liquid flow angle β is used as the angle between the fluid channel and the tangent line of the blade circumference, and the relative speed W of the water flow entering the blade is the water flow speed in the fluid channel; Make the main body of the experimental device according to the main model; The main body is assembled with the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel to obtain an experimental device.
7. A method for manufacturing a device for protecting blades of a reaction turbine from mud and sand wear according to claim 6, Features: A proportionally reduced three-dimensional model of the turbine runner is obtained through three-dimensional modeling; based on the three-dimensional model, a mesh model of the turbine runner is obtained through CFD simulation.
8. A method for manufacturing a reaction turbine blade silt wear device according to claim 6, Features: When the real turbine being simulated is a long-short blade runner, the main body model includes a long blade and two short blades located on both sides of the long blade, and the side wall of the main body model is formed by extending the wall surface of another long blade outside the short blade; In the case that the real water turbine being simulated is a non-long-short blade runner, the main body model includes one blade, and the side wall of the main body model is formed by extending the other two blade wall surfaces outside the blade.
9. A method for manufacturing a device for protecting blades of a reaction turbine from mud and sand wear according to claim 6, Features: The relative liquid flow angle β and the relative speed W are calculated by the speed triangle of the real turbine runner being simulated. The three sides of the speed triangle are the circumferential speed U, the absolute speed V and the relative speed W; wherein the angle between the circumferential speed U and the absolute speed V is the absolute liquid flow angle α, and the angle between the circumferential speed U and the relative speed W is the relative liquid flow angle β.
10. A reaction turbine blade sediment wear test system, Features: The invention comprises the device for preventing mud and sand abrasion of reaction turbine blades as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.