Noise pickup system and method for seismic exploration

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and particularly discloses a noise pickup system and method for seismic exploration, and the system is characterized in that an MEMS sensor is connected with a data storage unit, and the MEMS sensor and the data storage unit are in bidirectional connection with a main controller; the data transfer unit is in two-way communication connection with the main controller and the server, the main controller is connected with the positioning time-keeping unit, the positioning unit and the time service unit are connected with the positioning time-keeping unit, and the server is in two-way connection with the data processing unit. The method comprises the following steps: S1, installing each module; s2, the motor vehicle starts to run, and the microseismic noise acquisition module is in a data acquisition state, a data transmission state or a standby state; and S3, the central processor module stores and processes the received data. According to the invention, real-time data of ground micro-seismic noise can be obtained, denoising processing of seismic data is facilitated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is improved. The method is suitable for picking up and removing the ground micro-seismic noise in seismic exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a noise pickup system and method for seismic exploration. Background Art

[0002] When seismic waves are excited in seismic exploration, the geological information received by the detector contains a variety of disturbances due to the influence of the excitation conditions, receiving conditions, natural environment and surface conditions. Among these disturbances, the waves used to solve the proposed geological tasks are called effective waves, and all other waves that hinder the identification and tracking of effective waves are called interference waves. All interference waves are collectively called seismic noise. According to the physical characteristics, formation mechanism and morphology of interference waves, they can be divided into two categories, regular interference waves and irregular interference waves. Regular interference waves are also called regular noise, and irregular interference waves are called random noise. Random noise is a kind of irregular noise, such as microseisms, atmospheric ionosphere noise, instrument noise, etc. Microseisms refer to ground disturbances that are unrelated to the excitation source. They are divided into ground microseisms and microseisms excited in wells. Ground microseisms are mainly randomly generated by external forces such as wind, grass movement, ocean waves, water flow, human and animal movement, machine operation, transportation, etc. They can also be caused by the rotational motion of surface soil particles. They are characterized by a bandwidth range of 1-150Hz, a statistical correlation radius of 6-9m, and varying intensities, depending on the surrounding conditions at the moment of excitation and reception.

[0003] With the promotion of the "two wide and one high" seismic exploration acquisition method, the demand for "high signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, and high fidelity" for seismic data is becoming increasingly strong, among which the signal-to-noise ratio is the basis, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio is the primary task of seismic data processing. Controllable vibrators are safe, environmentally friendly, efficient, and low in energy consumption, which makes controllable vibrator acquisition technology widely used. The utilization rate of domestic controllable vibrator acquisition technology has increased year by year, such as controllable vibrator high-fidelity seismic data acquisition method, controllable vibrator long-distance synchronous sliding scanning technology, independent synchronous scanning technology, etc. However, most of the above acquisition methods use fixed-position seismic detectors to receive seismic signals. Since the buried coordinates of the detectors are fixed, it is impossible to track the ground microseismic noise generated by the driving process of motor vehicles in real time, which brings inconvenience to the later seismic data denoising processing and becomes an important reason for the low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a noise pickup system and method for seismic exploration, which can track the ground microseismic noise generated by the movement of motor vehicles in real time, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, and provide a guarantee for the denoising processing of seismic data.

[0005] A noise pickup system for seismic exploration comprises a microseismic noise collection module, a transfer module and a central processing module. The microseismic noise collection module comprises a MEMS sensor, a main controller, a data storage unit, a positioning and timing unit and a power supply unit; the transfer module comprises a data transfer unit, a timing unit and a positioning unit; the central processing module comprises a server and a data processing unit; the output end of the MEMS sensor is connected to the input end of the data storage unit, the MEMS sensor and the data storage unit are both bidirectionally connected to the main controller, the input end of the main controller is connected to the output end of the positioning and timing unit, the output end of the positioning unit and the output end of the timing unit are both connected to the input end of the positioning and timing unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module; the data transfer unit is bidirectionally connected to the main controller and the server respectively, and the server is bidirectionally connected to the data processing unit.

[0006] As a limitation: the transfer module also includes a charging unit, which charges the power supply unit by wireless transmission, and the input end of the charging unit is connected to an external power supply.

[0007] As a limitation: the microseismic noise acquisition module also includes a test signal generator, the input end of the test signal generator is connected to the output end of the main controller, and the output end of the test signal generator is connected to the input end of the MEMS sensor.

[0008] As a limitation: the MEMS sensor is packaged by a MEMS chip and an ASIC synchronization circuit, the MEMS chip is connected to the ASIC synchronization circuit, the MEMS chip transmits the received signal to the ASIC synchronization circuit and the ASIC synchronization circuit converts the received signal into an electrical signal output.

[0009] As a limitation: the two-way communication between the data transfer unit and the main controller adopts one of the wireless transmission methods including Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, and Lora, and the two-way communication network cable between the data transfer unit and the server adopts one of the transmission methods including Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, Lora, RS485 serial port, and USB port.

[0010] The present invention also provides a noise pickup method for seismic exploration, comprising the following steps performed in sequence:

[0011] S1, installing at least one microvibration noise collection module on the inner wall of a motor vehicle tire, installing a transfer module on the wheel brow of the motor vehicle tire, and installing a central processing module in the cab;

[0012] S2, the motor vehicle starts to drive, and the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the place where the outer wall of the tire touches the ground is in a data collection state, specifically: the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module, the MEMS sensor collects the ground microseismic noise signal generated during the driving of the motor vehicle, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal to the data storage unit for storage, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal to the main controller to form a log, and the main controller transmits the log to the data storage unit for storage; the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the position below the wheel arch and the position closest to the transfer module is in a data transmission state, specifically: the main controller retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in the data storage unit, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal data to the server through the data transfer unit; the microseismic noise collection modules at other positions are in a standby state;

[0013] S3. The server receives the ground microseismic noise signal data, and the data processing unit processes the ground microseismic noise signal data and the original seismic data to output the final seismic data.

[0014] As a limitation: the microseismic noise collection module in the tire inner wall corresponding to the position below the wheel arch and the position closest to the transfer module in step S2 is in a data transmission state, and specifically also includes: the timing unit and the positioning unit respectively send the time information and coordinate information at this time to the positioning and timing unit, the main controller retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in the data storage unit and marks the time information and coordinate information in the positioning and timing unit to the corresponding ground microseismic noise signal data, and then transmits the ground microseismic noise signal data marked with the time information and coordinate information to the server through the data transfer unit;

[0015] Step S3 is specifically as follows: the server receives ground microseismic noise signal data marked with time information and coordinate information, and the data processing unit retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in a single tire marked with time information and coordinate information in the server for data processing, or synthesizes and outputs the ground microseismic noise signal data in multiple tires marked with time information and coordinate information into ground microseismic noise data with the center of gravity of the motor vehicle as the center point for data processing; during data processing, the data processing unit compiles corresponding ground microseismic noise gather data according to the time and coordinate information, and superimposes it with the original seismic data to obtain seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise, and then uses the controllable vibrator true reference signal and the seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise to perform cross-correlation to obtain the final seismic data;

[0016] The superposition formula of ground microseismic noise gather data and original seismic data is:

[0017] RMS2=RMS0+(-1)*RMS1

[0018] In the formula, RMS0 is the original seismic data, RMS1 is the ground microseismic noise gather data, and RMS2 is the seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise.

[0019] As a limitation: the transfer module also includes a charging unit, and the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the position below the wheel arch and closest to the transfer module in step S2 is in a data transmission state, and specifically also includes: the magnetic switches of the charging unit and the power supply unit are turned on, the charging unit charges the power supply unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module.

[0020] As a limitation: the microseismic noise acquisition module also includes a test signal generator, and step S1 also includes detecting the microseismic noise acquisition module to determine whether each unit in the microseismic noise acquisition module is working normally, specifically: the position of the microseismic noise acquisition module is made to correspond to the position of the transfer module, the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise acquisition module, the data processing unit sends a self-test instruction to the data transfer unit through the server, the data transfer unit sends the self-test instruction to the main controller, the main controller controls the test signal generator to output a standard signal, the MEMS sensor receives the standard signal and stores it in the data storage unit; the main controller retrieves the standard signal data in the data storage unit and transmits the standard signal data to the server through the data transfer unit to determine whether each unit in the microseismic noise acquisition module is working normally.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] The present invention provides a noise picking system and method for seismic exploration. The system collects the ground microseismic noise generated during the driving of a motor vehicle in real time by setting a microseismic noise collection module, and then transmits the collected ground microseismic noise data to a central processing module for data processing through a transfer module, so as to obtain real-time data of the ground microseismic noise during the driving of the motor vehicle. When separating the aliased data of seismic data, the microseismic noise data can be effectively eliminated, the noise of the seismic data can be reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved. By setting a positioning and timing unit, a timing unit and a positioning unit, the coordinate information and time information of the ground microseismic noise data can be marked. The ground microseismic noise data collected by the microseismic noise collection module in a single tire are picked up separately, and then the single-channel ground microseismic noise data are synthesized through the data processing unit to facilitate the denoising of the seismic data; by setting up a charging unit, the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle during braking and sliding can be converted into electrical energy to charge the power supply unit, saving energy and improving the utilization rate of energy; by setting up a test signal generator, each unit in the microseismic noise collection module can be tested to determine whether it is working normally, avoiding the motor vehicle working when the microseismic noise collection module is in an abnormal state, and improving the work efficiency and the accuracy of the collected ground microseismic noise data.

[0023] The invention is suitable for picking up and removing ground microseismic noise in seismic exploration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a noise pickup system for seismic exploration according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data processing process of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure: 1. Microseismic noise acquisition module; 2. Transfer module; 3. Central processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and any improvements and equivalent changes made based on the specific embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 A noise pickup system for seismic exploration

[0030] A noise pickup system for seismic exploration, comprising a microseismic noise collection module 1, a transfer module 2 and a central processing module 3, wherein the microseismic noise collection module 1 is installed on the inner wall of a motor vehicle tire, the transfer module 2 is installed on the wheel rim of the motor vehicle tire, and the central processing module 3 is installed in the motor vehicle cab; the microseismic noise collection module 1 comprises a test signal generator, a MEMS sensor, a main controller, a positioning and timing unit, a data storage unit and a power supply unit; the transfer module 2 comprises a data transfer unit, a charging unit, a timing unit and a positioning unit; the central processing module 3 comprises a server and a data processing unit; the MEMS sensor is packaged by a MEMS chip and an ASIC synchronization circuit, the MEMS chip is connected to the ASIC synchronization circuit, the MEMS chip transmits a received signal to the ASIC synchronization circuit and the ASIC synchronization circuit converts the received signal into an electrical signal output; the MEMS sensor can use an AS1002A high-performance capacitive MEMS accelerometer; the input end of the test signal generator is connected to the main controller The output end is connected, the output end of the test signal generator is connected to the input end of the MEMS sensor, the output end of the MEMS sensor is connected to the input end of the data storage unit, the MEMS sensor and the data storage unit are both bidirectionally connected to the main controller, the input end of the main control is connected to the output end of the positioning and timing unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise acquisition module 1; the output end of the positioning unit and the output end of the timing unit are both connected to the input end of the positioning and timing unit, the charging unit charges the power supply unit wirelessly, the input end of the charging unit is connected to an external power supply, the data transfer unit is bidirectionally connected to the main controller and the server respectively, the bidirectional communication between the data transfer unit and the main controller adopts one of Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, and Lora wireless transmission methods, the bidirectional communication network cable between the data transfer unit and the server adopts one of Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, Lora, RS485 serial port, and USB port transmission methods; the server is bidirectionally connected to the data processing unit.

[0031] The power supply unit of this embodiment adopts LTC3622EDE, which has overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection; the charging unit adopts a flywheel kinetic energy recovery KERS system, which can convert the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle during braking and sliding into electrical energy to charge the power supply unit; the charging unit and the power supply unit are both provided with a magnetic switch. When the microseismic noise collection module 1 approaches the transfer module 2, the charging unit automatically turns on the charging function by relying on the magnetic switch, and charges the power supply unit wirelessly. When the microseismic noise collection module 1 is away from the transfer module 2, the charging stops.

[0032] The positioning unit of this embodiment adopts ublox ZED-F9P, which supports Beidou, GPS, Galileo and Glonass systems, has differential signals, and has centimeter-level positioning accuracy at a vehicle speed of no more than 30km / h. The timing unit adopts ublox ZED-F9P, and performs clock calibration through Beidou, GPS, Galileo or Glonass systems. The timing unit is equipped with an internal clock, which can be synchronized with an external clock using the IEEE 1588PTP protocol.

[0033] Embodiment 2 A noise pickup method for seismic exploration

[0034] A noise pickup method for seismic exploration comprises the following steps performed in sequence:

[0035] S1. Install at least one microseismic noise collection module 1 on the inner wall of a motor vehicle tire, install the transfer module 2 on the wheel rim of the motor vehicle tire, and install the central processing module 3 in the cab; detect the microseismic noise collection module 1 to determine whether each unit in the microseismic noise collection module 1 is working normally, specifically: the position of the microseismic noise collection module 1 corresponds to the position of the transfer module 2, the magnetic switches of the charging unit and the power supply unit are turned on, the charging unit charges the power supply unit, the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module 1, the data processing unit sends a self-test instruction to the data transfer unit through the server, and the data transfer unit The unit sends a self-test instruction to the main controller, the main controller controls the test signal generator to output a standard signal, the MEMS sensor receives the standard signal and stores it in the data storage unit; the timing unit and the positioning unit respectively send the time information and coordinate information at this time to the positioning and timing unit, the main controller retrieves the standard signal data in the data storage unit and marks the time information and coordinate information in the positioning and timing unit to the corresponding standard signal data, and then transmits the standard signal data marked with the time information and coordinate information to the server through the data transfer unit to determine whether each unit in the microseismic noise acquisition module 1 is working normally;

[0036] S2. If each unit in the microseismic noise acquisition module 1 works normally, the motor vehicle starts to drive, and the microseismic noise acquisition module 1 in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the place where the outer wall of the tire touches the ground is in a data acquisition state, specifically: the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise acquisition module 1, the MEMS sensor collects the ground microseismic noise signal generated during the driving of the motor vehicle, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal to the data storage unit for storage, transmits the ground microseismic noise signal to the main controller to form a log, and the main controller transmits the log to the data storage unit for storage; transfer to the microseismic noise acquisition module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the position below the wheel arch and the position closest to the transfer module 2 Module 1 is in a data transmission state, specifically: the magnetic switches of the charging unit and the power supply unit are turned on, the charging unit charges the power supply unit, the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise acquisition module 1, the timing unit and the positioning unit respectively send the time information and coordinate information at this time to the positioning and timing unit, the main controller retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in the data storage unit and marks the time information and coordinate information in the positioning and timing unit to the corresponding ground microseismic noise signal data, and then transmits the ground microseismic noise signal data marked with time information and coordinate information to the server through the data transfer unit; the microseismic noise acquisition modules 1 at other locations are in a standby state;

[0037] S3. The server receives ground microseismic noise signal data marked with time information and coordinate information, and the data processing unit retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in a single tire marked with time information and coordinate information in the server for data processing, or synthesizes the ground microseismic noise signal data in multiple tires marked with time information and coordinate information and outputs them as ground microseismic noise data with the center of gravity of the motor vehicle as the center point for data processing; during data processing, the data processing unit compiles corresponding ground microseismic noise gather data according to the time and coordinate information, and superimposes it with the original seismic data to obtain seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise, and then uses the controllable seismic source true reference signal and the seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise to perform cross-correlation to obtain the final seismic data, such as Figure 2 As shown, it can be seen that the ground microseismic noise data in the original seismic data is effectively eliminated, the noise of the seismic data is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is improved;

[0038] The superposition formula of ground microseismic noise gather data and original seismic data is:

[0039] RMS2=RMS0+(-1)*RMS1

[0040] In the formula, RMS0 is the original seismic data, RMS1 is the ground microseismic noise gather data, and RMS2 is the seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise.

Claims

1. A noise pickup system for seismic exploration, characterized in that: It includes a microseismic noise collection module, a transfer module and a central processing module. The microseismic noise collection module includes a MEMS sensor, a main controller, a data storage unit, a positioning and timing unit and a power supply unit; the transfer module includes a data transfer unit, a timing unit and a positioning unit; the central processing module includes a server and a data processing unit; the output end of the MEMS sensor is connected to the input end of the data storage unit, the MEMS sensor and the data storage unit are both bidirectionally connected to the main controller, the input end of the main controller is connected to the output end of the positioning and timing unit, the output end of the positioning unit and the output end of the timing unit are both connected to the input end of the positioning and timing unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module; the data transfer unit is bidirectionally connected to the main controller and the server respectively, and the server is bidirectionally connected to the data processing unit.

2. A noise pickup system for seismic exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transfer module also includes a charging unit, which charges the power supply unit by wireless transmission, and an input end of the charging unit is connected to an external power supply.

3. A noise pickup system for seismic exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microseismic noise acquisition module also includes a test signal generator, the input end of the test signal generator is connected to the output end of the main controller, and the output end of the test signal generator is connected to the input end of the MEMS sensor.

4. A noise pickup system for seismic exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MEMS sensor is packaged by a MEMS chip and an ASIC synchronization circuit. The MEMS chip is connected to the ASIC synchronization circuit. The MEMS chip transmits the received signal to the ASIC synchronization circuit, and the ASIC synchronization circuit converts the received signal into an electrical signal for output.

5. A noise pickup system for seismic exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-way communication between the data transfer unit and the main controller adopts one of Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, and Lora wireless transmission methods, and the two-way communication network cable between the data transfer unit and the server adopts one of Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, Lora, RS485 serial port, and USB port transmission methods.

6. A noise pickup method for seismic exploration, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: S1, installing at least one microvibration noise collection module on the inner wall of a motor vehicle tire, installing a transfer module on the wheel brow of the motor vehicle tire, and installing a central processing module in the cab; S2, the motor vehicle starts to drive, and the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the place where the outer wall of the tire touches the ground is in a data collection state, specifically: the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module, the MEMS sensor collects the ground microseismic noise signal generated during the driving of the motor vehicle, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal to the data storage unit for storage, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal to the main controller to form a log, and the main controller transmits the log to the data storage unit for storage; the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the position below the wheel arch and the position closest to the transfer module is in a data transmission state, specifically: the main controller retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in the data storage unit, and transmits the ground microseismic noise signal data to the server through the data transfer unit; the microseismic noise collection modules at other positions are in a standby state; S3. The server receives the ground microseismic noise signal data, and the data processing unit processes the ground microseismic noise signal data and the original seismic data to output the final seismic data.

7. A noise pickup method for seismic exploration according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S2 is transferred to the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the position below the wheel arch and the position closest to the transfer module, which is in a data transmission state, and specifically also includes: the timing unit and the positioning unit respectively send the time information and coordinate information at this time to the positioning and timing unit, the main controller calls the ground microseismic noise signal data in the data storage unit and marks the time information and coordinate information in the positioning and timing unit to the corresponding ground microseismic noise signal data, and then transmits the ground microseismic noise signal data marked with time information and coordinate information to the server through the data transfer unit; step S3 is specifically: the server receives the ground microseismic noise signal data marked with time information and coordinate information The data processing unit retrieves the ground microseismic noise signal data in a single tire marked with time information and coordinate information in the server for data processing, or synthesizes the ground microseismic noise signal data in multiple tires marked with time information and coordinate information and outputs them as ground microseismic noise data with the center of gravity of the motor vehicle as the center point for data processing; during data processing, the data processing unit compiles corresponding ground microseismic noise gather data according to the time and coordinate information, and superimposes it with the original seismic data to obtain seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise, and then uses the controllable vibrator true reference signal and the seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise to perform cross-correlation to obtain the final seismic data; The superposition formula of ground microseismic noise gather data and original seismic data is: RMS2=RMS0+(-1)*RMS1 In the formula, RMS0 is the original seismic data, RMS1 is the ground microseismic noise gather data, and RMS2 is the seismic data after removing the ground microseismic noise.

8. A noise pickup method for seismic exploration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transfer module also includes a charging unit. Step S2 transfers the data to the microseismic noise collection module in the inner wall of the tire corresponding to the position below the wheel arch that is closest to the transfer module, and the microseismic noise collection module is in a data transmission state. Specifically, the magnetic switches of the charging unit and the power supply unit are turned on, the charging unit charges the power supply unit, and the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise collection module.

9. A noise pickup method for seismic exploration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The microseismic noise acquisition module also includes a test signal generator. Step S1 also includes detecting the microseismic noise acquisition module to determine whether each unit in the microseismic noise acquisition module is working normally. Specifically, the position of the microseismic noise acquisition module is made to correspond to the position of the transfer module, the power supply unit supplies power to the microseismic noise acquisition module, the data processing unit sends a self-test instruction to the data transfer unit through the server, the data transfer unit sends the self-test instruction to the main controller, the main controller controls the test signal generator to output a standard signal, the MEMS sensor receives the standard signal and stores it in the data storage unit; the main controller retrieves the standard signal data in the data storage unit and transmits the standard signal data to the server through the data transfer unit to determine whether each unit in the microseismic noise acquisition module is working normally.

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