Overwintering cultivation method for crab seed cultivation in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of river crab breeding, and particularly relates to an overwintering breeding method for juvenile crab breeding in saline-alkali soil. An arch-shaped or triangular top design is adopted, a polyethylene plastic film is covered, and the temperature of the water body is controlled within the range of 22-28 DEG C; the humidity and air quality management system comprises a humidifier and an air circulation device and is used for adjusting the humidity in the greenhouse to be between 60% and 80% and keeping air circulation; the illumination system comprises a natural light utilization device and an auxiliary light source and is used for providing sufficient illumination to promote the growth of the juvenile crabs, and the water quality management system comprises a pH value and dissolved oxygen monitor and water quality adjusting equipment and is used for keeping the pH value of a water body to be 6.8-8.5. The pH value in water is kept within 6.8-8.5 through proper water quality adjustment (such as adding of improvers such as lime and sodium sulfate), environmental stress is reduced, stress reaction of juvenile crabs caused by inadaptation of water quality is reduced, and healthy growth of the juvenile crabs is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of river crab breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating crab seedlings in saline-alkali land overwintering. Background Art

[0002] The river crab farming industry has developed rapidly and has become an important part of the local fishery. As the scale of farming expands, the problem of insufficient supply of crab seedlings has become increasingly prominent. Especially in saline-alkali water ponds and rice fields, the survival rate of crab seedlings is low, the growth is slow, and even the "old crab" phenomenon occurs, which seriously restricts the development of the river crab industry.

[0003] The specific objectives of the present invention are as follows:

[0004] Determine the optimal stocking density for saline water ponds and rice fields.

[0005] Through effective measures to improve the survival rate of crab seedlings overwintering in greenhouses.

[0006] Solve problems such as low survival rate of crab seedlings in saline-alkali land and "old crabs". Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides a new technical solution:

[0008] Regularly monitor the pH value, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water and make necessary adjustments. Studies have shown that the pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus content of saline-alkali water bodies have a significant impact on the growth of river crabs. Therefore, by appropriately adding amendments (such as lime, sodium sulfate, etc.) to adjust the water quality and reduce the negative impact of environmental stress on crab seedlings, the pH value is controlled at 6.8~8.5.

[0009] Green algae are helpful for the growth of crab seedlings, while the overgrowth of blue algae will affect water quality and increase the risk of eutrophication. Therefore, the growth of harmful blue algae should be suppressed by controlling environmental factors such as water temperature and light.

[0010] In freshwater ponds, a stocking density of 1.8 crabs per square meter is considered to be optimal, which can balance the growth rate of crab seedlings and water quality conditions and avoid nutritional deficiencies and water quality deterioration caused by excessive density.

[0011] In the special environment of saline-alkali land, the density can be adjusted appropriately and dynamically adjusted in combination with the local water quality, temperature and salinity.

[0012] The stocking density should be controlled at:

[0013] The temperature control system in the greenhouse can provide a stable temperature environment for crab seedlings to avoid frostbite caused by low temperature. By setting a constant temperature heating device and adjusting the humidity and light conditions in the greenhouse, the survival rate of crab seedlings in winter can be effectively improved.

[0014] The water temperature is controlled by a heating system to keep it within a range suitable for the growth of crab seedlings, thereby increasing their survival rate over the winter. The water temperature is controlled at: 22~28℃.

[0015] Breeding methods

[0016] Shed structure:

[0017] The greenhouse adopts a steel frame structure with an arched or domed design to withstand the pressure of wind and snow. The steel frame is covered with polyethylene plastic film, which has good thermal insulation and strong light transmittance, which helps light enter while effectively reducing heat loss. The covering film is usually a double-layer plastic film, which not only increases the thermal insulation effect, but also keeps the temperature stable at night.

[0018] Thermal insulation layer:

[0019] Install a layer of thermal insulation film inside the greenhouse to improve the insulation effect, especially at night to prevent rapid heat loss. Thickened multi-layer insulation materials can be used on the roof and walls to ensure that the greenhouse maintains a stable internal temperature under low temperature conditions.

[0020] 2. Temperature control system

[0021] Heating equipment:

[0022] Use an electric water boiler or a gas boiler to provide a stable water temperature. The temperature control device should be connected to the water temperature sensor to ensure that the water temperature is maintained within the range of 22-28°C. At the same time, set a temperature control switch to automatically turn on the heating device when the water temperature falls below the minimum threshold.

[0023] Circulating water system:

[0024] Install a circulating water pump in the pond to keep the water flowing, evenly distribute heat, and prevent obvious stratification of water temperature. The circulating water system can also be equipped with a water filtration device to further improve water quality and reduce excessive algae growth.

[0025] 3. Humidity and air quality management

[0026] Humidifiers and dehumidifiers:

[0027] In winter, the air in the greenhouse is relatively dry. A humidifier can be installed to keep the humidity between 60% and 80% to avoid the impact of dry air on crab seedlings. Dehumidification equipment is also important, especially in cold and wet weather conditions, to prevent excessive humidity in the greenhouse from causing disease breeding.

[0028] Air circulation device:

[0029] Install fans or small ventilation systems to ensure air circulation in the shed, prevent hot and humid air from being trapped on the roof, and avoid condensation droplets affecting water temperature and crab seedling health. At the same time, moderate ventilation also helps to discharge exhaust gas and maintain air quality in the shed.

[0030] 4. Lighting system

[0031] Use of natural light:

[0032] Polyethylene plastic film has good light transmittance and can use natural light to meet the growth needs of crab seedlings. At the same time, the orientation of the greenhouse should be arranged in a north-south direction to maximize the sunshine time.

[0033] Auxiliary light source:

[0034] In weather with insufficient sunlight or at night, LED lights can be used as auxiliary light sources, especially blue and red lights, which can promote the proper growth of algae (green algae) and provide a good ecological environment for crab seedlings.

[0035] 5. Water Quality Management System

[0036] pH and dissolved oxygen monitors:

[0037] Install pH and dissolved oxygen monitoring devices to detect water quality changes in real time and link them with the control system. When the pH value or dissolved oxygen level deviates from the standard, it can automatically prompt or initiate corresponding adjustment measures.

[0038] Water quality conditioning equipment:

[0039] Add lime, sodium sulfate and other improvers to the water to maintain a suitable pH value (6.8-8.5). If the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water are high, add nitrogen and phosphorus reducing agents or change the water to control the water quality, avoid excessive growth of blue algae, and ensure the water is clean.

[0040] 6. Intelligent control system

[0041] Temperature and humidity automatic control system:

[0042] The intelligent control system is used to achieve precise control of water temperature and humidity to ensure a constant environment inside the greenhouse. At the same time, through the linkage of sensors and control systems, the water pump, heater, humidifier and ventilation equipment can be automatically adjusted to reduce manual management costs.

[0043] Data monitoring and recording:

[0044] Set up a monitoring and data recording system for environmental indicators such as water quality, temperature, humidity, and light. The system will automatically record and generate reports to help farmers analyze the impact of the environment on the growth of crab seedlings and adjust the breeding plan in a timely manner.

[0045] By regularly monitoring and adjusting water quality indicators (such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus levels, etc.) and taking corresponding environmental control measures, the survival rate and growth rate of river crab farming can be effectively improved.

[0046] There are several beneficial effects:

[0047] Improve water quality and enhance crab seedling health

[0048] By properly regulating the water quality (such as adding lime, sodium sulfate and other improvers), keeping the pH value in the water within the range of 6.8-8.5 can help reduce environmental stress, reduce the stress response of crab seedlings due to water quality incompatibility, and promote their healthy growth. In addition, controlling nitrogen and phosphorus levels can avoid eutrophication of water bodies and reduce the overgrowth of harmful algae such as cyanobacteria, thereby improving water quality and the growth environment of crab seedlings.

[0049] Optimize breeding density and improve growth efficiency

[0050] In terms of breeding density, controlling the density to 1.8 crabs per square meter can ensure that crab seedlings have enough space and resources, avoiding malnutrition and water quality deterioration caused by excessive competition. Scientific stocking density helps promote the balanced growth of crab seedlings and improve overall breeding benefits. In the special environment of saline-alkali land, appropriate density adjustment helps alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkali environment on crab seedlings and ensure their adaptability in different environments.

[0051] Greenhouse management improves winter survival rate

[0052] The use of temperature control systems and heating equipment to control the water temperature within the range of 22-28°C can maintain a suitable temperature environment in cold seasons to prevent frostbite to crab seedlings caused by low temperatures. This not only ensures the survival rate of crab seedlings during the winter, but also improves their growth ability under low temperature conditions. The temperature and humidity regulation in the greenhouse further enhances the cold resistance of crab seedlings and effectively reduces winter mortality.

[0053] Controlling water temperature promotes healthy growth

[0054] With the help of the temperature control system, maintaining a stable water temperature range (22~28℃) can promote the rapid growth of crab seedlings. When the temperature is suitable, the crab seedlings have a higher metabolic level, and their feeding and digestion efficiency are also improved, which speeds up their growth and ensures that the crab seedlings can grow healthily. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides a new technical solution:

[0056] Regularly monitor the pH value, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water and make necessary adjustments. Studies have shown that the pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus content of saline-alkali water bodies have a significant impact on the growth of river crabs. Therefore, by appropriately adding amendments (such as lime, sodium sulfate, etc.) to adjust the water quality and reduce the negative impact of environmental stress on crab seedlings, the pH value is controlled at 6.8~8.5.

[0057] Green algae are helpful for the growth of crab seedlings, while the overgrowth of blue algae will affect water quality and increase the risk of eutrophication. Therefore, the growth of harmful blue algae should be suppressed by controlling environmental factors such as water temperature and light.

[0058] In freshwater ponds, a stocking density of 1.8 crabs per square meter is considered to be optimal, which can balance the growth rate of crab seedlings and water quality conditions and avoid nutritional deficiencies and water quality deterioration caused by excessive density.

[0059] In the special environment of saline-alkali land, the density can be adjusted appropriately and dynamically adjusted in combination with the local water quality, temperature and salinity.

[0060] The stocking density should be controlled at:

[0061] The temperature control system in the greenhouse can provide a stable temperature environment for crab seedlings to avoid frostbite caused by low temperature. By setting a constant temperature heating device and adjusting the humidity and light conditions in the greenhouse, the survival rate of crab seedlings in winter can be effectively improved.

[0062] The water temperature is controlled by a heating system to keep it within a range suitable for the growth of crab seedlings, thereby increasing their survival rate over the winter. The water temperature is controlled at: 22~28℃.

[0063] Breeding methods

[0064] Shed structure:

[0065] The greenhouse adopts a steel frame structure with an arched or domed design to withstand the pressure of wind and snow. The steel frame is covered with polyethylene plastic film, which has good thermal insulation and strong light transmittance, which helps light enter while effectively reducing heat loss. The covering film is usually a double-layer plastic film, which not only increases the thermal insulation effect, but also keeps the temperature stable at night.

[0066] Thermal insulation layer:

[0067] Install a layer of thermal insulation film inside the greenhouse to improve the insulation effect, especially at night to prevent rapid heat loss. Thickened multi-layer insulation materials can be used on the roof and walls to ensure that the greenhouse maintains a stable internal temperature under low temperature conditions.

[0068] 2. Temperature control system

[0069] Heating equipment:

[0070] Use an electric water boiler or a gas boiler to provide a stable water temperature. The temperature control device should be connected to the water temperature sensor to ensure that the water temperature is maintained within the range of 22-28°C. At the same time, set a temperature control switch to automatically turn on the heating device when the water temperature falls below the minimum threshold.

[0071] Circulating water system:

[0072] Install a circulating water pump in the pond to keep the water flowing, evenly distribute heat, and prevent obvious stratification of water temperature. The circulating water system can also be equipped with a water filtration device to further improve water quality and reduce excessive algae growth.

[0073] 3. Humidity and air quality management

[0074] Humidifiers and dehumidifiers:

[0075] In winter, the air in the greenhouse is relatively dry. A humidifier can be installed to keep the humidity between 60% and 80% to avoid the impact of dry air on crab seedlings. Dehumidification equipment is also important, especially in cold and wet weather conditions, to prevent excessive humidity in the greenhouse from causing disease breeding.

[0076] Air circulation device:

[0077] Install fans or small ventilation systems to ensure air circulation in the shed, prevent hot and humid air from being trapped on the roof, and avoid condensation droplets affecting water temperature and crab seedling health. At the same time, moderate ventilation also helps to discharge exhaust gas and maintain air quality in the shed.

[0078] 4. Lighting system

[0079] Use of natural light:

[0080] Polyethylene plastic film has good light transmittance and can use natural light to meet the growth needs of crab seedlings. At the same time, the orientation of the greenhouse should be arranged in a north-south direction to maximize the sunshine time.

[0081] Auxiliary light source:

[0082] In weather with insufficient sunlight or at night, LED lights can be used as auxiliary light sources, especially blue and red lights, which can promote the proper growth of algae (green algae) and provide a good ecological environment for crab seedlings.

[0083] 5. Water Quality Management System

[0084] pH and dissolved oxygen monitors:

[0085] Install pH and dissolved oxygen monitoring devices to detect water quality changes in real time and link them with the control system. When the pH value or dissolved oxygen level deviates from the standard, it can automatically prompt or initiate corresponding adjustment measures.

[0086] Water quality conditioning equipment:

[0087] Add lime, sodium sulfate and other improvers to the water to maintain a suitable pH value (6.8-8.5). If the nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the water are high, add nitrogen and phosphorus reducing agents or change the water to control the water quality, avoid excessive growth of blue algae, and ensure the water is clean.

[0088] 6. Intelligent control system

[0089] Temperature and humidity automatic control system:

[0090] The intelligent control system is used to achieve precise control of water temperature and humidity to ensure a constant environment inside the greenhouse. At the same time, through the linkage of sensors and control systems, the water pump, heater, humidifier and ventilation equipment can be automatically adjusted to reduce manual management costs.

[0091] Data monitoring and recording:

[0092] Set up a monitoring and data recording system for environmental indicators such as water quality, temperature, humidity, and light. The system will automatically record and generate reports to help farmers analyze the impact of the environment on the growth of crab seedlings and adjust the breeding plan in a timely manner.

[0093] By regularly monitoring and adjusting water quality indicators (such as pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus levels, etc.) and taking appropriate environmental control measures, the survival rate and growth rate of river crab farming can be effectively improved, with the following beneficial effects:

[0094] Improve water quality and enhance crab seedling health

[0095] By properly regulating the water quality (such as adding lime, sodium sulfate and other improvers), keeping the pH value in the water within the range of 6.8-8.5 can help reduce environmental stress, reduce the stress response of crab seedlings due to water quality incompatibility, and promote their healthy growth. In addition, controlling nitrogen and phosphorus levels can avoid eutrophication of water bodies and reduce the overgrowth of harmful algae such as cyanobacteria, thereby improving water quality and the growth environment of crab seedlings.

[0096] Optimize breeding density and improve growth efficiency

[0097] In terms of breeding density, controlling the density to 1.8 crabs per square meter can ensure that crab seedlings have enough space and resources, avoiding malnutrition and water quality deterioration caused by excessive competition. Scientific stocking density helps promote the balanced growth of crab seedlings and improve overall breeding benefits. In the special environment of saline-alkali land, appropriate density adjustment helps alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkali environment on crab seedlings and ensure their adaptability in different environments.

[0098] Greenhouse management improves winter survival rate

[0099] The use of temperature control systems and heating equipment to control the water temperature within the range of 22-28°C can maintain a suitable temperature environment in cold seasons to prevent frostbite to crab seedlings caused by low temperatures. This not only ensures the survival rate of crab seedlings during the winter, but also improves their growth ability under low temperature conditions. The temperature and humidity regulation in the greenhouse further enhances the cold resistance of crab seedlings and effectively reduces winter mortality.

[0100] Controlling water temperature promotes healthy growth

[0101] With the help of the temperature control system, maintaining a stable water temperature range (22~28℃) can promote the rapid growth of crab seedlings. When the temperature is suitable, the crab seedlings have a higher metabolic level, and their feeding and digestion efficiency are also improved, which speeds up their growth and ensures that the crab seedlings can grow healthily.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating crab seedlings in saline-alkali land for overwintering, characterized in that include: The shed structure adopts an arched or triangular roof design and is covered with polyethylene plastic film, with double layers to enhance the thermal insulation effect; The thermal insulation layer is located inside the shed and is used to keep the temperature inside the shed stable; Temperature control system, including heating equipment and circulating water system, used to control the water temperature within the range of 22~28°C; Humidity and air quality management system, including humidifier and air circulation device, used to adjust the humidity in the greenhouse between 60%-80% and maintain air circulation; A lighting system, including a natural light utilization device and an auxiliary light source, is used to provide sufficient light to promote the growth of crab seedlings; Water quality management system, including pH and dissolved oxygen monitors and water quality adjustment equipment, is used to maintain the pH value of the water between 6.8 and 8.

5.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a constant temperature heating device and a water temperature monitoring sensor, and the sensor controls the heating device after detecting the water temperature to automatically maintain the water temperature at 22~28°C.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the humidity and air quality management system also includes a dehumidification device for discharging excess moisture when the humidity in the shed is too high to avoid the retention of hot and humid air.

4. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lighting system comprises blue and red LED auxiliary light sources, which are used to promote the appropriate growth of green algae and optimize the ecological environment of crab seedlings when natural light is insufficient.

5. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intelligent control system includes a temperature, humidity, light, and water quality monitoring system, which automatically adjusts the water pump, heater, humidifier, and ventilation equipment through intelligent control to maintain the most suitable breeding environment.