Multi-element nano material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-element nano material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing a first solution containing metal chalcogenide nanoparticles, organic amine or organic carboxylic acid and an organic solvent, comprising an organic compound containing metal ions or halogen, organic amine or organic carboxylic acid and an organic solvent; the third solution comprises organic silicone oil and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant; mixing the three solutions, and reacting in a microreactor; and after the reaction is completed, cooling in a micro-channel condenser, and finally entering a settling separator to obtain the multi-element nano material. The invention provides a method for rapidly and massively preparing a metal multi-element composite chalcogenide nano material with a specific morphology in a micro-channel reactor through an ion exchange method, the method can realize high-purity and high-yield production of the nano material, and meanwhile, the production cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nano material preparation, and in particular to a multi-element nano material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Metal multi-component composite oxygen compound materials have unique physical, chemical, photoelectric, ferroelectric and other properties, and have broad application prospects in energy fields such as solar cells, photocatalysis, photodetectors, batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators. Traditional synthesis methods mainly include melt and steam growth method, chemical and physical gas phase transmission method, microwave method, sonochemical method, etc. The above methods require a lot of time and energy to obtain high-quality nanocrystals and have low yields. More importantly, the excellent performance of this type of material often needs to be fully reflected after nano-sizing. In addition, the synthesis methods disclosed in Chinese patent applications CN114085667A, CN114149803A, and CN114058368A often require cumbersome steps and harsh experimental conditions (such as anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, inert atmosphere protection) during the synthesis process to effectively prepare nanomaterials with excellent performance. The synthesis method of metal multi-component composite oxygen compound materials with specific properties is more complicated and the synthesis efficiency is low.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple, universal, efficient and low-cost method to prepare metal multi-component complex oxygen compound materials.

[0004] The information in the background technology is only for illustrating the general background of the present invention and should not be regarded as admitting or suggesting in any form that such information constitutes the prior art known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve at least some of the technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-element nanomaterial and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the present invention includes the following contents.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) preparing a first solution, a second solution and a third solution respectively, wherein the first solution comprises metal oxide compound nanoparticles, an organic amine or an organic carboxylic acid, and an organic solvent, the second solution comprises an organic compound containing metal ions or halogens, an organic amine or an organic carboxylic acid, and an organic solvent, and the third solution comprises organic silicone oil and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant;

[0008] (2) mixing the first solution, the second solution and the third solution in a premixer, and then reacting in a microreactor at a reaction temperature of 40-100° C.;

[0009] (3) After the reaction is completed, the suspension enters a condenser for cooling, and finally enters a sedimentation separator to obtain the multi-element nanomaterial.

[0010] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multi-nanomaterial according to the present invention, the metal oxide compound nanoparticles are selected from one or more of CuO, CuS, CuSe, Fe3O4, Bi2S3, Sb2S3, CdS, Bi2Se3, Sb2Se3, MnO2, ZnO, ZrS2, TiS2, ZrO2, TiO2, ZrSe2, TiSe2, PbO, PbS, CdSe, PbSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CoO, CoS, NiO, NiS, Sn2O3, FeS, SnS, CoTe2, NiTe, SnSe, MoS2, MoSe2, MoO3, MoTe2, WO3, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2.

[0011] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multinary nanomaterial of the present invention, the organic amine is selected from one or more of aliphatic amines, alcohol amines, amides, alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, etc.; the organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of aliphatic acids, polycarboxylic acids, aromatic acids, etc.

[0012] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multinary nanomaterial according to the present invention, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of toluene, xylene, trimethylolbenzene, heptane, octadecene, cyclohexane, n-hexane, lauryl azone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-butylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, decanol, trioctyl trimellitate, acetyl tributyl citrate, triethylene glycol diisooctyl ester, etc.

[0013] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial of the present invention, the organic silicone oil is selected from one or more of methyl silicone oil, hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil, etc.; the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is selected from one or more of halogenated alkyl phosphates, aromatic phosphates, alkyl phosphates, cyclic phosphates, phosphites, etc.

[0014] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial of the present invention, the organic compound containing metal ions or halogens comprises a cationic salt or an anionic salt.

[0015] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multinary nanomaterial described in the present invention, the cationic salt is selected from one or more of copper acetate, copper acetylacetonate, bismuth neodecanoate, antimony neodecanoate, iron pentacarbonyl, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, cobalt acetate, nickel acetate, tin acetate, tin acetylacetonate, dibutyltin dilaurate, ferrocene, ferric citrate, ferric acetate, bismuth isooctanoate, bismuth laurate, bismuth cyclopentaneate, antimony isooctanoate, antimony laurate, antimony cyclopentaneate, lead neodecanoate, lead laurate, lead acetate, zirconium tetrapropoxide, titanates, zirconates, and the like.

[0016] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multinary nanomaterial according to the present invention, the anion salt is selected from one or more of methylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, dodecyldimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium iodide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, methyltriphenylphosphine iodide, trimethylsilyl bromide, iodotrimethylsilane, and the like.

[0017] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial of the present invention, the mass ratio of the metal oxide compound nanoparticles, the organic amine or organic carboxylic acid, and the organic solvent in the first solution is 1:1-20:1-100.

[0018] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials of the present invention, the mass ratio of the organic compound containing metal ions or halogens, the organic amine or organic carboxylic acid, and the organic solvent in the second solution is 1:1-20:1-100.

[0019] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial of the present invention, the mass ratio of the silicone oil to the phosphorus-containing flame retardant in the third solution is 1:1-20:1.

[0020] In certain embodiments, according to the method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial of the present invention, the mixing time of the three solutions in the premixer is 1-30 ms.

[0021] The second aspect of the present invention provides a multi-element nanomaterial, which is prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0022] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the multi-element nanomaterials described in the second aspect of the present invention in solar cells, photocatalysis, photodetectors, batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectric or piezoelectric nanogenerators.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for rapidly and massively preparing metal multinary composite oxygen compound nanomaterials with specific morphology by ion exchange in a microchannel reactor. The method can realize high-purity and high-yield production of such nanomaterials while greatly reducing production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0025] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the reaction flow of the preparation method of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is the TEM image of the CuBiS ternary composite nanorods prepared in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 This is the TEM image of the SbSI ternary composite nanoparticles prepared in Example 2.

[0028] Figure 4 This is the TEM image of the CuSBr ternary composite nanosheet prepared in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that the upper and lower limits of the scope and each intermediate value therebetween are specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0031] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention belongs. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0032] Preparation method

[0033] One aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a multi-element nanomaterial, comprising steps (1) to (3). The preparation steps of the present invention are carried out in a microchannel reactor. In a preferred embodiment, the microchannel reactor comprises:

[0034] a. respectively accommodating and injecting the first solution, the second solution and the third solution into the syringe pump, wherein the syringe pumps are connected in parallel, and the syringe pump can adopt an injection member known in the art, which is not particularly limited, as long as it can accommodate the solution and can push the solution into the pre-mixer through a hose or a pipe;

[0035] b. A premixer for mixing the three solutions, the premixer is connected to a syringe pump. It is understood that the syringe pump is not necessary, and the pre-configured solutions can be directly mixed in the premixer. The premixer can use a mixing device known in the art, which is not particularly limited, and can also include a stirring device for mixing the solutions;

[0036] c. A microreactor for mixing raw materials, which is connected to the premixer through a pipeline, and the microreactor is provided with a microchannel for the raw materials to pass through and react. The microchannel can be arranged in various forms, such as spiral arrangement, serpentine arrangement, etc., which are not particularly limited. The microreactor is provided with a heating device, which is configured to provide a heating temperature of 40-100° C. for the microreactor, and the heating device is known in the art;

[0037] d. A condenser for cooling the suspension after the reaction is completed, which is connected to the microreactor through a pipeline. The condenser can be a condenser known in the art, and is not particularly limited to this. The condenser tube in the condenser can be arranged below the outflow pipeline of the suspension, so as to cool the product and stop the reaction;

[0038] e. A sedimentation separator, which is connected to the condenser through a pipeline. The sedimentation separator can be a sedimentation separation device known in the art, and there is no particular limitation on this.

[0039] Step (1) of the present invention is a step of respectively configuring a first solution, a second solution and a third solution, wherein the first solution comprises metal oxide compound nanoparticles, organic amines or organic carboxylic acids, and an organic solvent; the second solution comprises an organic compound containing metal ions or halogens, organic amines or organic carboxylic acids, and an organic solvent; and the third solution comprises silicone oil and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant.

[0040] In the present invention, the metal oxide compound nanoparticles are selected from one or more of CuO, CuS, CuSe, Fe3O4, Bi2S3, Sb2S3, CdS, Bi2Se3, Sb2Se3, MnO2, ZnO, ZrS2, TiS2, ZrO2, TiO2, ZrSe2, TiSe2, PbO, PbS, CdSe, PbSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CoO, CoS, NiO, NiS, Sn2O3, FeS, SnS, CoTe2, NiTe, SnSe, MoS2, MoSe2, MoO3, MoTe2, WO3, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2. In a preferred embodiment, the metal oxide compound nanoparticles are Bi2S3. In another preferred embodiment, the metal oxide compound nanoparticles are Sb2S3. In another preferred embodiment, the metal oxide compound nanoparticles are CuS.

[0041] In the present invention, the organic amine is selected from one or more of aliphatic amines, alcohol amines, amides, alicyclic amines, aromatic amines, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the organic amine is oleylamine. In another preferred embodiment, the organic amine is octadecylamine. In another preferred embodiment, the organic amine is dodecylamine.

[0042] In the present invention, the organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of aliphatic acid, polycarboxylic acid, aromatic acid, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the organic carboxylic acid is oleic acid.

[0043] In the present invention, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, heptane, octadecene, cyclohexane, n-hexane, laurocapram, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-butylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, decanol, trioctyl trimellitate, tributyl acetyl citrate, triethylene glycol diisooctyl ester, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is octadecene. In another preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is laurocapram. In another preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is trimethylbenzene.

[0044] In the present invention, the organic compound containing metal ions or halogens includes a cationic salt or an anionic salt. Preferably, the cationic salt has an ion-exchangeable cation, and the anionic salt has an ion-exchangeable anion.

[0045] In the present invention, the cationic salt is selected from one or more of copper acetate, copper acetylacetonate, bismuth neodecanoate, antimony neodecanoate, iron pentacarbonyl, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, cobalt acetate, nickel acetate, tin acetate, tin acetylacetonate, dibutyltin dilaurate, ferrocene, ferric citrate, ferric acetate, bismuth isooctanoate, bismuth laurate, bismuth cyclohexaneate, antimony isooctanoate, antimony laurate, antimony cyclohexaneate, lead neodecanoate, lead laurate, lead acetate, zirconium tetrapropoxide, titanates, zirconates, etc., and the anionic salt is selected from one or more of methylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, dodecyldimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium iodide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, methyltriphenylphosphine iodide, trimethylsilyl bromide, iodotrimethylsilane, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the organic compound containing metal ions or halogens is copper acetate. In another preferred embodiment, the organic compound containing metal ions or halogens is iodotrimethylsilane. In yet another preferred embodiment, the organic compound containing metal ions or halogens is trimethylsilyl bromide.

[0046] In the present invention, the silicone oil is selected from one or more of methyl silicone oil, hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the silicone oil is methyl silicone oil. In another preferred embodiment, the silicone oil is phenyl silicone oil. In another preferred embodiment, the silicone oil is hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil.

[0047] In the present invention, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is selected from one or more of halogenated alkyl phosphates, aryl phosphates, alkyl phosphates, cyclic phosphates, phosphites, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is phosphites. In another preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is aryl phosphates. In another preferred embodiment, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is triphenyl phosphite.

[0048] In order to prepare metal multi-component composite oxygen family compound nanomaterials with specific morphology and achieve high-purity and high-yield production, the content of metal oxygen family compound nanoparticles and organic compounds containing metal ions or halogens should not be too high or too low. In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the metal oxide compound nanoparticles, the organic amine or organic carboxylic acid, and the organic solvent in the first solution is 1:1-20:1-100, preferably 1:1-20:1-80, further preferably 1:1-15:5-60, more preferably 1:5-15:10-40, for example 1:5:10, 1:5:12, 1:5:14, 1:5:16, 1:5:18, 1:5:20, 1:5:22, 1:5:24, 1:5:26, 1:5:28, 1:5:30, 1:5:32, 1:5:34, 1:5:36, 1:5:38, 1:5:40, 1:7:10, 1:7:12, 1:7:14, 1:7:16 6. 1:7:18, 1:7:20, 1:7:22, 1:7:24, 1:7:26, 1:7:28, 1:7:30, 1:7:32, 1:7:34, 1:7:36, 1:7:38, 1:7:40, 1:12:10, 1:12:12, 1:12:14, 1:12:16, 1:12:18, 1:12:20, 1:12:22, 1:12:24, 1:12:26, ​​1:12:28, 1:12:30, 1:12:32, 1:12:34, 1:12:36, 1:12:38, 1:12:40, etc., but are not limited to the values ​​listed above, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the organic compound containing metal ions or halogen, the organic amine or organic carboxylic acid, and the organic solvent in the second solution is 1:1-20:1-100, preferably 1:1-20:1-80, further preferably 1:1-15:5-60, more preferably 1:1-10:10-40, for example 1:2:10, 1:2:12, 1:2:14, 1:2:16, 1:2:18, 1:2: 20, 1:2:22, 1:2:24, 1:2:26, ​​1:2:28, 1:2:30, 1:2:32, 1:2:34, 1:2:36, 1:2:38, 1:2:40, 1:4:10, 1:4:12, 1:4:14, 1:4:16, 1:4:18, 1:4:20, 1:4:22, 1:4:24, 1:4:26, 1:4:28, 1:4:30, 1:4 :32, 1:4:34, 1:4:36, 1:4:38, 1:4:40, 1:6:10, 1:6:12, 1:6:14, 1:6:16, 1:6:18, 1:6:20, 1:6:22, 1:6:24, 1:6:26, 1:6:28, 1:6:30, 1:6:32, 1:6:34, 1:6:36, 1:6:38, 1:6:40, 1:10:10, 1:10:12, 1:10:14, 1:10:16, 1:10:18, 1:10:20, 1:10:22, 1:10:24, 1:10:26, 1:10:28, 1:10:30, 1:10:32, 1:10:34, 1:10:36, 1:10:38, 1:10:40, etc., but are not limited to the listed values, other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the silicone oil to the phosphorus-containing flame retardant in the third solution is 1:1-20, preferably 1:1-18, further preferably 1:1-16, further preferably 1:1-14, more preferably 1:1-12, more preferably 1:1-10, for example 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0051] Step (2) of the present invention is a step of mixing the first solution, the second solution and the third solution in a premixer, and then reacting in a microreactor, wherein the reaction temperature is 40-100°C, preferably 45-95°C, and further preferably 50-90°C, for example, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of step (2), the mixing time of the three solutions in the premixer is 1-30 ms, preferably 5-25 ms, and further preferably 10-25 ms, for example 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ms, etc., but are not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0053] The present invention also provides a multi-element nanomaterial, which is prepared by the preparation method of the present invention.

[0054] application

[0055] One aspect of the present invention provides the use of the multi-element nanomaterials of the present invention in solar cells, photocatalysis, photodetectors, batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectric or piezoelectric nanogenerators.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment takes CuBiS as an example to illustrate the preparation method of multi-element nanomaterials.

[0058] 1. Experimental materials

[0059] The composition of the first solution is 1.5g of Bi2S3 nanorods, 18g of oleylamine and 50g of octadecene, the composition of the second solution is 1.6g of copper acetate, 6.2g of oleylamine and 50g of octadecene, and the composition of the third solution is 50g of methyl silicone oil and 50g of phosphite.

[0060] 2. Preparation method

[0061] (1) preparing three solutions according to the above composition;

[0062] (2) The three solutions were placed in injection pump 1, injection pump 2, and injection pump 3, respectively, and pumped into the premixer at the same speed for mixing. The mixing time was 10 ms, and then entered the microreactor for reaction at a reaction temperature of 75 °C.

[0063] (3) After the reaction in the microchannel is completed, the reaction solution enters the condenser for low-temperature quenching to stop the reaction. Finally, the reaction solution enters the sedimentation separator, and then the reaction solution is washed and centrifuged to obtain CuBiS ternary composite nanorods (such as Figure 2 shown).

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment takes SbSI as an example to illustrate the preparation method of multi-element nanomaterials.

[0066] 1. Experimental materials

[0067] The composition of the first solution is 5 g of Sb2S3 nanoparticles, 25 g of octadecylamine and 60 g of octadecene, the composition of the second solution is 1.6 g of iodotrimethylsilane, 6.2 g of dodecylamine and 50 g of lauryl azone, and the composition of the third solution is 50 g of phenyl silicone oil and 100 g of aromatic phosphate.

[0068] 2. Preparation method

[0069] (1) preparing three solutions according to the above composition;

[0070] (2) The three solutions were placed in injection pump 1, injection pump 2, and injection pump 3, respectively, and pumped into the premixer at the same speed for mixing, with a mixing time of 25 ms; then they were placed into the microreactor for reaction, with a reaction temperature of 85°C;

[0071] (3) After the reaction in the microchannel is completed, the reaction solution enters the condenser for low-temperature quenching to stop the reaction. Finally, the reaction solution enters the sedimentation separator, and then the reaction solution is washed and centrifuged to obtain SbSI ternary composite nanoparticles (such as Figure 3 shown).

[0072] Example 3

[0073] This embodiment takes CuSBr as an example to illustrate the preparation method of multi-element nanomaterials.

[0074] 1. Experimental materials

[0075] The first solution consists of 3 g of CuS nanosheets, 20 g of oleic acid and 50 g of octadecene, the second solution consists of 2.4 g of trimethylsilyl bromide, 15 g of oleylamine and 50 g of trimethylbenzene, and the third solution consists of 56 g of hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil and 100 g of triphenyl phosphite.

[0076] 2. Preparation method

[0077] (1) preparing three solutions according to the above composition;

[0078] (2) The three solutions were placed in injection pump 1, injection pump 2, and injection pump 3, respectively, and pumped into the premixer at the same speed for mixing, with a mixing time of 15 ms; then, the three solutions were placed into the microreactor for reaction, with a reaction temperature of 50°C;

[0079] (3) After the reaction in the microchannel is completed, the reaction solution enters the condenser for low-temperature quenching to stop the reaction. Finally, the reaction solution enters the sedimentation separator, and then the reaction solution is washed and centrifuged to obtain CuSBr ternary composite nanosheets (such as Figure 4 shown).

[0080] Although the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Various adjustments or changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. The scope of the claims should be based on the broadest interpretation to cover all modifications and equivalent adjustments or changes.

Claims

1. A method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) preparing a first solution, a second solution and a third solution respectively, wherein the first solution comprises metal oxide compound nanoparticles, an organic amine or an organic carboxylic acid, and an organic solvent, the second solution comprises an organic compound containing metal ions or halogens, an organic amine or an organic carboxylic acid, and an organic solvent, and the third solution comprises organic silicone oil and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant; (2) mixing the first solution, the second solution and the third solution in a premixer, and then reacting in a microreactor at a reaction temperature of 40-100° C.; (3) After the reaction is completed, the suspension enters a condenser for cooling, and finally enters a sedimentation separator to obtain the multi-element nanomaterial.

2. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal oxide compound nanoparticles are selected from one or more of CuO, CuS, CuSe, Fe3O4, Bi2S3, Sb2S3, CdS, Bi2Se3, Sb2Se3, MnO2, ZnO, ZrS2, TiS2, ZrO2, TiO2, ZrSe2, TiSe2, PbO, PbS, CdSe, PbSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CoO, CoS, NiO, NiS, Sn2O3, FeS, SnS, CoTe2, NiTe, SnSe, MoS2, MoSe2, MoO3, MoTe2, WO3, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2.

3. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic amine is selected from one or more of aliphatic amines, alcohol amines, amides, alicyclic amines and aromatic amines; the organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of aliphatic acids, polycarboxylic acids and aromatic acids.

4. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic solvent is selected from one or more of toluene, xylene, trimethylolbenzene, heptane, octadecene, cyclohexane, n-hexane, laurocapron, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-butylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, decanol, trioctyl trimellitate, tributyl acetyl citrate and triethylene glycol diisooctyl ester.

5. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic silicone oil is selected from one or more of methyl silicone oil, hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil and phenyl silicone oil; the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is selected from one or more of halogenated alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate, alkyl phosphate, cyclic phosphate and phosphite.

6. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic compound containing metal ions or halogens includes a cationic salt or an anionic salt; Preferably, the cationic salt is selected from one or more of copper acetate, copper acetylacetonate, bismuth neodecanoate, antimony neodecanoate, iron pentacarbonyl, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, cobalt acetate, nickel acetate, tin acetate, tin acetylacetonate, dibutyltin dilaurate, ferrocene, ferric citrate, ferric acetate, bismuth isooctanoate, bismuth laurate, bismuth naphthenate, antimony isooctanoate, antimony laurate, antimony naphthenate, lead neodecanoate, lead laurate, lead acetate, zirconium tetrapropoxide, titanates and zirconates; Preferably, the anion salt is selected from one or more of methylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, dodecyldimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium iodide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, methyltriphenylphosphine iodide, trimethylsilyl bromide and iodotrimethylsilane.

7. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the metal oxide compound nanoparticles, the organic amine or organic carboxylic acid, and the organic solvent in the first solution is 1:1-20:1-100; The mass ratio of the organic compound containing metal ions or halogen, the organic amine or organic carboxylic acid, and the organic solvent in the second solution is 1:1-20:1-100; The mass ratio of the silicone oil to the phosphorus-containing flame retardant in the third solution is 1:1-20.

8. The method for preparing multi-element nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing time of the three solutions in the premixer was 1-30 ms.

9. Multi-element nanomaterial, characterized in that: The compound is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. Use of the multi-element nanomaterial according to claim 9 in solar cells, photocatalysis, photodetectors, batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectric or piezoelectric nanogenerators.

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