Polyphenylene sulfide and preparation process thereof
The modified titanate catalyst and controlled conditions in the polyphenylene sulfide synthesis improve reaction efficiency, achieving high purity and yield, addressing the limitations of the sodium sulfide method.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411564694.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing sodium sulfide method for synthesizing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) suffers from low reaction rate, low product purity, and low yield due to numerous side reactions.
A preparation process involving phenol, phosphoric acid, and a modified titanate catalyst under controlled conditions, followed by a polymerization reaction in sulfolane, with effective removal of reaction water and use of cyclopentane as a reaction medium, to produce polyphenylene sulfide with high purity and yield.
The process enhances reaction rate and selectivity, resulting in polyphenylene sulfide with high purity (>99.9%) and yield (>90%), suitable for large-scale industrial production with a molecular weight greater than 70,000 g/mol.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of polymer materials, and in particular to polyphenylene sulfide and a preparation process thereof. Background Art
[0002] Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a high-performance polymer that is widely used in the electronics, electrical and automotive industries due to its excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Currently, the main method for synthesizing PPS is the sodium sulfide method.
[0003] The sodium sulfide method is the most commonly used PPS synthesis method in the industry. It produces PPS by condensing dichlorobenzene with anhydrous sodium sulfide in a polar solvent. The advantages of this method are that the raw materials are easily available and the product quality is good, but the disadvantages are that the reaction rate is low and there are many side reactions, resulting in low product purity and low yield. Summary of the invention
[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a polyphenylene sulfide and a preparation process thereof, aiming to solve the problems of low purity and low yield of the polyphenylene sulfide prepared in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application proposes a preparation process of polyphenylene sulfide, comprising the following steps:
[0006] S10, under a protective atmosphere, adding phenol, phosphoric acid and a modified titanate catalyst into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the mixed solution in the reactor to 150-180° C., stirring, passing hydrogen sulfide into the mixed solution, maintaining stirring, removing water generated by the reaction, and obtaining phenyl disulfide after the reaction;
[0007] S20, controlling the temperature in the reactor to 220-250° C., maintaining stirring, adding sulfolane and a modified titanate catalyst, and obtaining a polyphenylene sulfide solution after reaction;
[0008] S30, performing solid-liquid separation on the polyphenylene sulfide solution obtained in step S20 to obtain a solid, and washing, crushing and drying the solid to obtain the polyphenylene sulfide;
[0009] Wherein, the raw materials for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 include tetrabutyl titanate, acetylacetone and glycolic acid.
[0010] Optionally, in parts by weight, in step S10, 100 parts of phenol, 2 to 4 parts of phosphoric acid, and 0.5 to 2 parts of modified titanate catalyst are used; in step S20, 100 to 300 parts of sulfolane and 4 to 6 parts of modified titanate catalyst are used.
[0011] Optionally, in step S10, the weight ratio of phosphoric acid to modified titanate catalyst is (27-30): (10-13).
[0012] Optionally, in step S20, the weight of sulfolane is 1.5 to 2.2 times the weight of phenol in step S10.
[0013] Optionally, the method for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 comprises the following steps:
[0014] (1) under a protective atmosphere, tetrabutyl titanate is added into a reaction vessel, the temperature of the solution in the reaction vessel is controlled to be 60-80° C., the solution is stirred, acetylacetone is added, and after reaction, a titanate acetylacetone complex is obtained;
[0015] (2) controlling the temperature of the solution in the reaction container to 80-90° C., maintaining stirring, adding glycolic acid, and obtaining a modified titanate catalyst solution after reaction;
[0016] (3) Cooling the modified titanate catalyst solution obtained in step (2) to room temperature, removing volatile components by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a powdered modified titanate catalyst.
[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of tetrabutyl titanate and acetylacetone in step (1) and the hydroxyacetic acid in step (2) is (80-90):(46-55):(17-20).
[0018] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the tetrabutyl titanate, the acetylacetone, and the glycolic acid is 85:50:19.
[0019] Optionally, in step S10, water generated by the reaction is gasified to form water vapor, and the water vapor is discharged from the reaction system together with the overflowed hydrogen sulfide gas.
[0020] Optionally, in step S10, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen.
[0021] Optionally, in step S10, the stirring reaction time is 3 to 5 hours; and / or,
[0022] In step S20, the stirring reaction time is 4 to 8 hours.
[0023] Optionally, in step S30, methanol, ethanol or water is used to wash the solid matter.
[0024] The present application also provides a polyphenylene sulfide, which is prepared by any of the above-mentioned polyphenylene sulfide preparation processes.
[0025] In the technical solution of the present application, in step S10, under the catalytic action of phosphoric acid and modified titanate catalyst, sulfur in hydrogen sulfide first reacts with phenol to generate phenylthiol intermediate, and then phenylthiol is dehydrated and condensed to generate phenyl disulfide. The water generated by the reaction is removed promptly and effectively to prevent it from interfering with the reaction process. The chemical formula of phenylthiol is C 6 H 5 SH, phenyl disulfide has the chemical formula C 6 H 5 SSPh.
[0026] In step S20, cyclopentane provides a better reaction environment, and under the catalytic action of the modified titanate catalyst, phenyl disulfide undergoes a polymerization reaction to generate a long-chain polymer, namely, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The generated polyphenylene sulfide is mixed in a solvent system to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide solution.
[0027] In step S30, the polyphenylene sulfide solution is filtered to separate the solid from the liquid to obtain a solid, and the solid is washed, crushed and dried to obtain polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with an average particle size of 2 mm.
[0028] The technical solution of the present application can effectively improve the reaction rate and selectivity of the reaction, and improve the purity and yield of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide by introducing a modified titanate catalyst. Cyclobutane sulfone can provide a better reaction medium environment to ensure that the weight average molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide is greater than 70,000 g / mol. The preparation process of the polyphenylene sulfide provided by the present application is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, and it is easy to operate. The purity and yield of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide are high, and it is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
[0029] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0031] It should be noted that if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.
[0032] The sodium sulfide method is currently the most commonly used PPS synthesis method in industry. It produces PPS by condensing dichlorobenzene with anhydrous sodium sulfide in a polar solvent. The advantages of this method are that the raw materials are easily available and the product quality is good, but the disadvantages are that the reaction rate is low and there are many side reactions, resulting in low product purity and low yield. In view of this, the present application proposes a polyphenylene sulfide and a preparation process thereof, aiming to solve the problems of low purity and low yield of the polyphenylene sulfide produced in the prior art.
[0033] In the present application, a process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide comprises the following steps:
[0034] S10, under a protective atmosphere, adding phenol, phosphoric acid and a modified titanate catalyst into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the mixed solution in the reactor to 150-180° C., stirring, passing hydrogen sulfide into the mixed solution, maintaining stirring, removing water generated by the reaction, and obtaining phenyl disulfide after the reaction;
[0035] S20, controlling the temperature in the reactor to 220-250° C., maintaining stirring, adding sulfolane and a modified titanate catalyst, and obtaining a polyphenylene sulfide solution after reaction;
[0036] S30, performing solid-liquid separation on the polyphenylene sulfide solution obtained in step S20 to obtain a solid, and washing, crushing and drying the solid to obtain the polyphenylene sulfide;
[0037] Wherein, the raw materials for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 include tetrabutyl titanate, acetylacetone and glycolic acid.
[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, in step S10, under the catalytic action of phosphoric acid and modified titanate catalyst, sulfur in hydrogen sulfide first reacts with phenol to generate phenylthiol intermediate, and then phenylthiol is dehydrated and condensed to generate phenyl disulfide. The water generated by the reaction is removed promptly and effectively to prevent it from interfering with the reaction process. The chemical formula of phenylthiol is C 6 H 5 SH, phenyl disulfide has the chemical formula C 6 H 5 SSPh.
[0039] In step S20, cyclopentane provides a better reaction environment, and under the catalytic action of the modified titanate catalyst, phenyl disulfide undergoes a polymerization reaction to generate a long-chain polymer, namely, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The generated polyphenylene sulfide is mixed in a solvent system to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide solution.
[0040] In step S30, the polyphenylene sulfide solution is filtered to separate the solid from the liquid to obtain a solid, and the solid is washed, crushed and dried to obtain polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with an average particle size of 2 mm.
[0041] The technical solution of the present application can effectively improve the reaction rate and selectivity of the reaction, and improve the purity and yield of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide by introducing a modified titanate catalyst; cyclopentane can provide a better reaction medium environment to ensure that the weight average molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide is greater than 70,000 g / mol. The preparation process of the polyphenylene sulfide provided by the present application is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, and the operation is convenient. The prepared polyphenylene sulfide has high purity and yield, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
[0042] Furthermore, in terms of weight, in step S10, phenol is 100 parts, phosphoric acid is 2-4 parts, and modified titanate catalyst is 0.5-2 parts; in step S20, sulfolane is 100-300 parts, and modified titanate catalyst is 4-6 parts.
[0043] By adopting the above technical scheme, phenol, phosphoric acid, modified titanate catalyst, and cyclopentane sulfone are used in a specific ratio to obtain polyphenylene sulfide with high purity and yield, and the weight average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide is greater than 70,000 g / mol.
[0044] Furthermore, in step S10, the weight ratio of phosphoric acid to modified titanate catalyst is (27-30): (10-13)
[0045] By adopting the above technical solution and further optimizing the dosage ratio of phosphoric acid and modified titanate catalyst, phosphoric acid and modified titanate catalyst can work together better to improve the reaction rate and reaction selectivity.
[0046] Furthermore, in the step S20, the weight of sulfolane is 1.5 to 2.2 times the weight of phenol in the step S10.
[0047] By adopting the above technical solution, the molecular weight of the generated polyphenylene sulfide can be well controlled by controlling the amount of sulfolane, so that the weight average molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide is greater than 70,000 g / mol. It should be noted that if the amount of sulfolane is too low, the reactants and catalysts cannot be fully dispersed, which affects the molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide; if the amount of sulfolane is too high, it is equivalent to diluting the reactants and catalysts, which also affects the molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide.
[0048] Furthermore, the method for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 comprises the following steps:
[0049] (1) under a protective atmosphere, tetrabutyl titanate is added to a reaction vessel, the temperature of the solution in the reaction vessel is controlled to be 60-80° C., and acetylacetone is added with stirring to obtain a titanate acetylacetone complex after reaction;
[0050] (2) controlling the temperature of the solution in the reaction container to 80-90° C., maintaining stirring, adding glycolic acid, and obtaining a modified titanate catalyst solution after reaction;
[0051] (3) Cooling the modified titanate catalyst solution obtained in step (2) to room temperature, removing volatile components by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a powdered modified titanate catalyst.
[0052] By adopting the above technical solution, the titanium center in tetrabutyl titanate is an electron-deficient center, which is easy to combine with the carbonyl oxygen atom of acetylacetone to form a titanate acetylacetone complex. The chemical formula of tetrabutyl titanate is Ti(OBu) 4 The chemical formula of acetylacetone is AcAcH, and the chemical formula of titanate acetylacetonate complex is Ti(OAcAc).
[0053] Hydroxyacetic acid is added to the titanate acetylacetone complex system. Hydroxyacetic acid has two active groups, namely carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups. These two active groups can react with the titanate acetylacetone complex to form a new organic titanium compound, namely a modified titanate catalyst. The chemical formula of hydroxyacetic acid is HOCH 2 COOH, the chemical formula of the modified titanate catalyst is Ti(OAcAc)(OCH 2 COOH).
[0054] The volatile components in the reaction system, such as butanol and water, are removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a relatively pure powdered modified titanate catalyst.
[0055] Furthermore, in the preparation method of the modified titanate catalyst, the mass ratio of tetrabutyl titanate, acetylacetone and glycolic acid is (80-90): (46-55): (17-20).
[0056] Further, in step S10, the water generated by the reaction is gasified to form water vapor, and the water vapor is discharged from the reaction system together with the overflowing hydrogen sulfide gas. The water generated by the reaction is removed promptly and effectively to prevent it from interfering with the reaction process. It is understandable that the water generated during the reaction is gasified to form water vapor, and the water vapor is discharged from the exhaust pipe at the top of the reactor (the temperature in the exhaust pipe is controlled at 100-120°C) together with the overflowing hydrogen sulfide gas.
[0057] Furthermore, in step S10, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, which can isolate oxygen in the air and prevent unnecessary chemical reactions, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the reaction and the purity of the target product.
[0058] Furthermore, in step S10, the stirring reaction time is 3 to 5 hours; and / or, in step S20, the stirring reaction time is 4 to 8 hours. The stirring treatment can make the reactants contact more fully, so that the reaction is more complete.
[0059] Furthermore, in step S30, methanol, ethanol or water is used to wash the solid matter.
[0060] By adopting the above technical solution, the solid matter after solid-liquid separation is washed to remove unreacted monomers and by-products.
[0061] The present application also provides a polyphenylene sulfide, which is prepared by any of the above-mentioned polyphenylene sulfide preparation processes.
[0062] The following is a further detailed description of the technical solution of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0063] Example 1
[0064] A preparation process of polyphenylene sulfide comprises the following steps:
[0065] S10, provide a 10L reactor, under a nitrogen atmosphere, add 1kg phenol (C 6 H 5 OH, purity 99.5%), 30g phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4, purity 99%) and 10g of modified titanate catalyst are added to a reactor, the temperature of the mixed liquid in the reactor is controlled to be 160°C, the mixture is stirred at a stirring rate of 100rpm, hydrogen sulfide is introduced from the bottom of the reactor at a rate of 2L / min, so that the hydrogen sulfide contacts the mixed liquid in the reactor, and the reaction is stirred for 4h to obtain phenyl disulfide, wherein the water generated during the reaction is gasified into water vapor, and the water vapor is discharged from the exhaust pipe at the top of the reactor (the temperature in the exhaust pipe is controlled at 100-120°C) together with the overflowing hydrogen sulfide gas to ensure the progress of the reaction.
[0066] S20, maintaining the nitrogen protective atmosphere, controlling the temperature of the mixed solution in the reactor to 240°C, maintaining the stirring rate at 100 rpm, adding 1.5 kg of sulfolane (C 4 H 8 O 2 S, purity 99%) and 50g of modified titanate catalyst were added, and the mixture was stirred for reaction for 6h to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide solution.
[0067] S30, filtering the polyphenylene sulfide solution obtained in step S20 to separate the solid from the liquid to obtain a solid, washing the solid with methanol for three times, crushing and drying the solid to obtain polyphenylene sulfide with an average particle size of 2 mm.
[0068] The method for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 comprises the following steps:
[0069] (1) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, tetrabutyl titanate (purity 99%) was added to a reaction vessel, the temperature of the solution in the reaction vessel was controlled to be 70°C, and the mixture was stirred at a stirring rate of 100 rpm. Acetylacetone (purity ≥ 99.6%) was added at a feeding rate of 10 g / min and stirred for 1 h. After the reaction, a titanate acetylacetone complex was obtained.
[0070] (2) Maintaining the nitrogen protective atmosphere, the temperature of the solution in the reaction container was controlled to 80° C., the stirring rate was maintained at 100 rpm, hydroxyacetic acid (purity: 99%) was added at a feeding rate of 5 g / min, and stirred for 2 h. After the reaction, a modified titanate catalyst solution was obtained.
[0071] (3) The modified titanate catalyst solution obtained in step (2) is cooled to room temperature (25° C.), and the volatile components are removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a powdered modified titanate catalyst.
[0072] The mass ratio of tetrabutyl titanate and acetylacetone in step (1) and the hydroxyacetic acid in step (2) is 85:50:19.
[0073] Embodiments 2 to 4
[0074] Examples 2 to 4 are based on Example 1, with the difference that in step S10, the total mass of phosphoric acid and the modified titanate catalyst is kept unchanged at 40 g, and the mass ratio between the phosphoric acid and the modified titanate catalyst is adjusted. The rest is the same as Example 1.
[0075] In step S10 of Example 2, the amount of phosphoric acid used is 25 g, and the amount of modified titanate catalyst used is 15 g.
[0076] In step S10 of Example 3, the amount of phosphoric acid used is 27 g, and the amount of modified titanate catalyst used is 13 g.
[0077] In step S10 of Example 4, the amount of phosphoric acid used is 32 g, and the amount of modified titanate catalyst used is 8 g.
[0078] Embodiments 5 to 7
[0079] Examples 5 to 7 are based on Example 1, except that in step S20, the amount of sulfolane used is changed, and the rest is the same as Example 1.
[0080] In step S20 of Example 5, the amount of sulfolane used is 1 kg.
[0081] In step S20 of Example 6, the amount of sulfolane used is 2.2 kg.
[0082] In step S20 of Example 7, the amount of sulfolane used is 3 kg.
[0083] Comparative Example 1
[0084] This comparative example is based on Example 1, with the difference that in step S10, an equal mass of modified titanate catalyst is used to replace phosphoric acid, and the rest is the same as Example 1.
[0085] Comparative Example 2
[0086] This comparative example is based on Example 1, with the difference that in step S10, an equal mass of phosphoric acid is used to replace the modified titanate catalyst, and the rest is the same as Example 1.
[0087] Performance Testing
[0088] The yield, purity, and weight average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0089] Table 1 Yield and purity of polyphenylene sulfide
[0090]
[0091]
[0092] As can be seen from Table 1, the purity of the polyphenylene sulfide prepared in Examples 1 to 7 of the present application is ≥99.9%, and the yield is greater than 90%, which can better meet the use requirements. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since only one of phosphoric acid and modified titanate catalyst is used as a catalyst in step S10, the yield and purity of the obtained polyphenylene sulfide decrease, indicating that the acid catalyst and the modified titanate catalyst work together, which is more conducive to improving the selectivity of the reaction.
[0093] The difference between Examples 1 to 4 is that the weight ratio of phosphoric acid to the modified titanate catalyst is different, while the sum of the weights of phosphoric acid and the modified titanate catalyst remains unchanged. Examples 1 to 4 investigate the effect of the weight ratio of phosphoric acid to the modified titanate catalyst on the yield, purity and weight average molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide. Examples 5 to 7 are based on Example 1 and investigate the effect of the amount of sulfolane on the yield, purity and weight average molecular weight of the prepared polyphenylene sulfide.
[0094] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of the patent protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10, under a protective atmosphere, adding phenol, phosphoric acid and a modified titanate catalyst into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the mixed solution in the reactor to 150-180° C., stirring, passing hydrogen sulfide into the mixed solution, maintaining stirring, removing water generated by the reaction, and obtaining phenyl disulfide after the reaction; S20, controlling the temperature in the reactor to 220-250° C., maintaining stirring, adding sulfolane and a modified titanate catalyst, and obtaining a polyphenylene sulfide solution after reaction; S30, performing solid-liquid separation on the polyphenylene sulfide solution obtained in step S20 to obtain a solid, and washing, crushing and drying the solid to obtain the polyphenylene sulfide; Wherein, the raw materials for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 include tetrabutyl titanate, acetylacetone and glycolic acid.
2. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of weight, in step S10, phenol is 100 parts, phosphoric acid is 2-4 parts, and modified titanate catalyst is 0.5-2 parts; in step S20, sulfolane is 100-300 parts, and modified titanate catalyst is 4-6 parts.
3. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S10, the weight ratio of phosphoric acid to modified titanate catalyst is (27-30): (10-13).
4. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S20, the weight of sulfolane is 1.5 to 2.2 times the weight of phenol in the step S10.
5. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the modified titanate catalyst in step S10 and step S20 comprises the following steps: (1) under a protective atmosphere, tetrabutyl titanate is added to a reaction vessel, the temperature of the solution in the reaction vessel is controlled to be 60-80° C., and acetylacetone is added with stirring to obtain a titanate acetylacetone complex after reaction; (2) controlling the temperature in the reaction container to 80-90° C., maintaining stirring, adding hydroxyacetic acid, and obtaining a modified titanate catalyst solution after reaction; (3) Cooling the modified titanate catalyst solution obtained in step (2) to room temperature, removing volatile components by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a powdered modified titanate catalyst.
6. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S10, water generated by the reaction is gasified to form water vapor, and the water vapor is discharged from the reaction system together with the overflowing hydrogen sulfide gas.
7. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S10, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen.
8. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the stirring reaction time is 3 to 5 hours; and / or, In step S20, the stirring reaction time is 4 to 8 hours.
9. The process for preparing polyphenylene sulfide according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S30, methanol, ethanol or water is used to wash the solid matter.
10. A polyphenylene sulfide, characterized in that: The polyphenylene sulfide is prepared by the polyphenylene sulfide preparation process as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.