Greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting and cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting and a cultivation method thereof, which are characterized in that cut flowers in different growth periods are planted on the same planting moisture surface on the basis that the total yield of a unit surface is not changed, and the cut flower planting areas in the same growth period are not adjacent. Sufficient growth space is reserved for cut flowers in each growth period, ventilation and illumination are more sufficient, and the problems that the greenhouse environment control difficulty is large and the occurrence frequency of diseases and pests is high in the existing cut flower substrate culture high-yield state are solved; secondly, by means of the technical measure that the flowering branches are cultivated on the same furrow surface in stages according to the growth cycle, sufficient growth space is reserved for the flowering branches in each stage, illumination is more sufficient, plant root systems share fertilizer and water nutrients on the furrow surface in a staggered mode, nutrient supply of plant states in different stages is extremely met, and the quality of the flowering branches is greatly improved; and the cultivation device is arranged, so that corresponding water, fertilizer and illumination conditions can be better provided for cut flower plants in different growth periods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, and in particular to a greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the upgrading and transformation of my country's fresh cut flower planting industry, high-input and high-output production methods have been rapidly promoted. In the matrix cultivation of cut flowers, the width of the planting trough surface using the double-row branch-breaking cultivation method is usually 30-40 cm. When the yield per unit area reaches a high yield state (such as: ≥300 branches / square meter·year), this cultivation method leads to a dense number of flower branches on the planting surface, forming a high-density planting environment.

[0003] Under this high-density condition, the space for plant growth is limited, resulting in increased humidity in the microenvironment, poor ventilation, and insufficient light to meet the growth needs of newly sprouted branches. These factors not only affect plant growth, but also increase the difficulty of greenhouse environment control, making it more difficult to prevent and control pests and diseases.

[0004] At present, the most direct measure to reduce the difficulty of pest and disease control is to reduce the yield of flower branches. However, this measure conflicts with the high-input, high-yield and high-efficiency goals of cut flower matrix cultivation. Therefore, how to effectively solve the problem of pest and disease control while maintaining high yield in cut flower matrix cultivation has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Against this background, it is urgent to develop new technologies and measures to achieve sustainable and efficient production of cut flowers. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting and a cultivation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting includes multiple planting surfaces arranged in a greenhouse, the same planting surface is divided into multiple planting areas, cut flowers of different growth periods are planted on the same planting surface, and cut flowers of the same growth period are planted in a single planting area, and the growth periods of the cut flowers in any adjacent planting areas are different, each planting surface is provided with a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system, the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system covers all the planting areas, and the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system is used to irrigate the cut flowers of different growth periods in all the planting areas with water and fertilizer of different concentrations, amounts and components, each planting area is fixedly provided with a support frame, a rolled-up sunshade net is arranged above the top of the support frame, the unfolded sunshade net can completely cover the support frame and cover the top of the corresponding planting area, a fill light is arranged below the top of the support frame, the light transmittance of the corresponding sunshade nets arranged in the planting areas of cut flowers of different growth periods is different, and the illumination of the corresponding fill lights is also different.

[0007] Preferably, the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system includes a delivery pipe, a connecting pipe and an irrigation pipe. The delivery pipe is arranged in the planting soil surface. An irrigation pipe is arranged at each planting area. A plurality of water outlet holes are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the irrigation pipe. The water outlet holes are arranged toward the planting soil surface. The irrigation pipe and the delivery pipe are connected through a connecting pipe.

[0008] Preferably, in the early stage of planting, the planting periods of the cut flowers in different growth periods are: young branch and leaf expansion period, bud appearance period, and bud color development period, and are respectively recorded as planting period A, planting period B, and planting period C. The cut flowers in different growth periods have an interval growing period every 10-15 days.

[0009] Preferably, the distance between adjacent planting areas is 20-30cm. In the early stage of planting, the planting area for cutting flowers planted in the A planting period is recorded as the A planting area, the planting area for cutting flowers planted in the B planting period is recorded as the B planting area, and the planting area for cutting flowers planted in the C planting period is recorded as the C planting area. The A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area are not adjacent to each other.

[0010] Preferably, an aisle is provided between two adjacent planting surfaces, and the plurality of planting areas in the same planting surface are longitudinally distributed in double rows.

[0011] Preferably, the delivery pipe includes A delivery pipe, B delivery pipe and C delivery pipe, and the A delivery pipe, B delivery pipe and C delivery pipe are all arranged at the position between the double rows of the planting areas, and the A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area are respectively provided with A irrigation pipe, B irrigation pipe and C irrigation pipe, the A irrigation pipe is connected to the A delivery pipe through an A connecting pipe, the B irrigation pipe is connected to the B delivery pipe through a B connecting pipe, and the C irrigation pipe is connected to the C delivery pipe through a C connecting pipe, and the concentration, dosage and composition of the water and fertilizer transported in the A delivery pipe, the B delivery pipe and the C delivery pipe respectively correspond to the growth period of the cut flowers in the A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area.

[0012] Preferably, the irrigation pipe A, the irrigation pipe B and the irrigation pipe C are all horizontal frame structures and are distributed at the edges of the corresponding planting areas.

[0013] A method for cultivating cut flowers using a greenhouse cultivation device comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Transplanting and planting: determine the varieties of cut flowers to be planted, prepare the cut flower plants in the tender shoot and leaf stage (planting period A), bud stage (planting period B), and bud coloring stage (planting period C) from the nursery, and transplant them to planting area A, planting area B, and planting area C respectively;

[0015] S2. Water and fertilizer management after transplanting cut flower plants: Use the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system to transport water and fertilizer of different concentrations, amounts and components required by plants at different growth stages to planting areas A, B and C through the A delivery pipe, B delivery pipe and C delivery pipe, respectively, and transport them to the A irrigation pipe, B irrigation pipe and C irrigation pipe respectively through the A connecting pipe, B connecting pipe and C connecting pipe, and irrigate the cut flower plants in the A planting period, B planting period and C planting period through the water outlet holes arranged at the bottom thereof;

[0016] S3. Light management of cut flower plants after transplanting: When natural light is too strong, unfold the sunshade nets with different light transmittances on the support frames in different planting areas to adjust the light intensity to adapt to the light intensity required by plants at different growth stages; when natural light is insufficient, use fill lights with different illuminations under the support frames in different planting areas to adjust the light intensity to adapt to the light intensity required by plants at different growth stages;

[0017] S4. Harvesting: The harvesting period of cut flowers in the same growth period is limited to 2-5 days; the cut flowers in each growth period are harvested by retaining branches with a length of 2-3 cm at the base of the flower branches as flowering mother branches to ensure that there are significant period differences in the state of the flower branches of cut flowers in different growth periods.

[0018] The present application discloses a greenhouse cultivation device and a cultivation method for flower planting. On the basis of the unchanged total yield per unit area, by planting cut flowers of different growth periods on the same planting soil surface, and by making the planting areas of cut flowers of the same growth period non-adjacent, sufficient growth space is reserved for the cut flowers of each growth period, ventilation and light are more sufficient, and the problems of difficulty in controlling the greenhouse environment and high frequency of diseases and insect pests under the high-yield state of the existing cut flower matrix cultivation are solved; secondly, by adopting the technical measures of cultivating flower branches in stages according to the growth cycle on the same soil surface, sufficient growth space is reserved for the flower branches of each period, light is more sufficient, and the roots of the plants alternately share the fertilizer, water and nutrients of the soil surface, which greatly meets the nutrient supply of the plant states at different periods, and the quality of the flower branches is greatly improved; and the setting of the cultivation device can better provide corresponding water, fertilizer and light conditions for the cut flower plants of different growth periods, and ensure the better growth of the flower plants of different growth periods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a method for cultivating cut flowers using a greenhouse cultivation device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a greenhouse cultivation device for growing flowers according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a front view of a greenhouse cultivation device for growing flowers according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single row of a greenhouse cultivation device for growing flowers according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system of a greenhouse cultivation device for growing flowers according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single support frame assembly of a greenhouse cultivation device for growing flowers according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1. Water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system; 111. A delivery pipe; 112. B delivery pipe; 113. C delivery pipe; 121. A irrigation pipe; 122. B irrigation pipe; 123. C irrigation pipe; 2. Support frame; 3. Sunshade net; 4. Fill light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the content of this application easier to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the attached drawings. Figure 3 As used herein, the terms "inward" and "outward" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the particular component.

[0027] like Figure 1 to Figure 6 As shown, a greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting includes multiple planting soil surfaces arranged in a greenhouse, an aisle is arranged between two adjacent planting soil surfaces, the same planting soil surface is divided into multiple planting areas, the multiple planting areas in the same planting soil surface are longitudinally distributed in double rows, cut flowers of different growth periods are planted on the same planting soil surface, and cut flowers of the same growth period are planted in a single planting area, and the growth periods of cut flowers in any adjacent planting areas are different; specifically, in the early stage of planting, the planting periods of cut flowers of different growth periods are divided into They are: the tender branch and leaf expansion period, the bud appearance period, and the bud color development period, and are respectively recorded as planting period A, planting period B, and planting period C. The cut flowers in different growth periods have an interval growing period every 10-15 days; the distance between adjacent planting areas is 20-30cm. In the early stage of planting, the planting area where the cut flowers in the A planting period are planted is recorded as planting area A, the planting area where the cut flowers in the B planting period are planted is recorded as planting area B, and the planting area where the cut flowers in the C planting period are planted is recorded as planting area C. Planting area A, planting area B, and planting area C are not adjacent to each other.

[0028] On the basis of keeping the total yield per unit area unchanged, by planting cut flowers in different growth periods on the same planting surface, and making sure the planting areas of cut flowers in the same growth period are not adjacent, sufficient growth space is left for the cut flowers in each growth period, and ventilation and light are more sufficient, which solves the problems of difficulty in controlling the greenhouse environment and high frequency of diseases and insect pests under the high-yield state of existing cut flower matrix cultivation; secondly, by adopting the technical measures of cultivating flower branches in stages according to the growth cycle on the same surface, sufficient growth space is left for each stage of flower branches, and light is more sufficient. The roots of the plants share the fertilizer, water and nutrients on the surface in an interlaced manner, which greatly meets the nutrient supply of the plants in different stages, and the quality of the flower branches is greatly improved.

[0029] The three periods selected above are based on the fact that the growth period of a flower in substrate cultivation is 34-42 days. The difference between the three periods is 10-15 days, which is significant. If it is 2, it will lead to a reduction in yield; if it is 4, the difference of 8-10 days will not be significant, and there will be overlap in the state of the plants, because the difference of 2-5 days in pruning control is achievable. If the time difference of the harvest time in the same state is longer than 5 days, it will be meaningless; the tender branch leaf expansion period, bud appearance period, and bud color development period are typical characteristics of the growth of flower branches, which are short-term time stages. The tender branch leaf expansion can be distinguished from budding, which has a longer period The bud cycle is short and easy to define, and color development is a transitional stage before harvest. As an important evaluation state of preparation for harvest, they are all short periods of time that are easy to define; and the A planting period, B planting period, C planting period and the corresponding A planting area, B planting area and C planting area set in this application, the growth state of the cut flower plants is not constant, but with the passage of cultivation time, the three periods of tender branch and leaf expansion period, bud formation period and bud color development period in the A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area are gradually converted. It is just for the convenience of explanation that the planting areas and planting periods are numbered in the early stage of planting.

[0030] The number of cut flower plants in each planting area is 10-12, and the length of the soil occupied is 1.8-2.0 meters depending on the planting density; specifically, the 1.8-2.0 meter length area is conducive to the microenvironment control of the greenhouse planting area, and facilitates ventilation and dehumidification.

[0031] A water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system 1 is provided in each planting surface, and the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system 1 covers all planting areas, and the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system 1 is used to irrigate cut flowers in different growth periods in all planting areas with water and fertilizer of different concentrations, amounts and compositions; the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system 1 includes a delivery pipe, a connecting pipe and an irrigation pipe, the delivery pipe is arranged in the planting surface, an irrigation pipe is arranged at the location of each planting area, a plurality of water outlet holes are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the irrigation pipe, the water outlet holes are arranged toward the planting surface, and the irrigation pipe and the delivery pipe are connected through a connecting pipe; specifically, the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system 1 includes a delivery pipe, a connecting pipe and an irrigation pipe, the delivery pipe is arranged in the planting surface, an irrigation pipe is arranged at the location of each planting area, a plurality of water outlet holes are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the irrigation pipe, the water outlet holes are arranged toward the planting surface, and the irrigation pipe and the delivery pipe are connected through a connecting pipe.

[0032] Specifically, the delivery pipes include A delivery pipe 111, B delivery pipe 112 and C delivery pipe 113, and A delivery pipe 111, B delivery pipe 112 and C delivery pipe 113 are all arranged between the double-row planting areas, and A irrigation pipe 121, B irrigation pipe 122 and C irrigation pipe 123 are respectively arranged at the positions of A planting area, B planting area and C planting area, A irrigation pipe 121 is connected to A delivery pipe 111 through A connecting pipe, B irrigation pipe 122 is connected to B delivery pipe 112 through B connecting pipe, C irrigation pipe 123 is connected to C delivery pipe 113 through C connecting pipe, and the concentration, dosage and composition of water and fertilizer transported in A delivery pipe 111, B delivery pipe 112 and C delivery pipe 113 correspond to the growth periods of cut flowers in A planting area, B planting area and C planting area respectively. Among them, irrigation pipe A 121, irrigation pipe B 122 and irrigation pipe C 123 are all horizontal frame structures and are distributed at the edges of the corresponding planting areas. This arrangement allows the irrigation pipes to fully irrigate the soil in the planting area.

[0033] A support frame 2 is fixed on each planting area, and a rolled-up sunshade net 3 is arranged above the top of the support frame 2. The unfolded sunshade net 3 can completely cover the support frame 2 and cover the top of the corresponding planting area. A fill light 4 is arranged below the top of the support frame 2. The transmittance of the corresponding sunshade net 3 in the planting area of ​​cut flowers in different growth periods is different, and the illumination of the corresponding fill light 4 is also different.

[0034] A method for cultivating cut flowers using a greenhouse cultivation device comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Transplanting and planting: determine the varieties of cut flowers to be planted, prepare the cut flower plants in the tender shoot and leaf stage (planting period A), bud stage (planting period B), and bud coloring stage (planting period C) from the nursery, and transplant them to planting area A, planting area B, and planting area C respectively;

[0036] S2. Water and fertilizer management after transplanting cut flower plants: Use the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system 1 to transport water and fertilizer of different concentrations, dosages and components required by plants in different growth periods to planting areas A, B and C through the A delivery pipe 111, B delivery pipe 112 and C delivery pipe 113, and transport them to the A irrigation pipe 121, B irrigation pipe 122 and C irrigation pipe 123 through the A connecting pipe, B connecting pipe and C connecting pipe, and irrigate the cut flower plants in the A planting period, B planting period and C planting period through the water outlet holes arranged at the bottom thereof;

[0037] S3, light management of cut flower plants after transplanting: when the natural light is too strong, the sunshade nets 3 with different light transmittances on the support frames 2 in different planting areas are unfolded to adjust the light to adapt to the light intensity required by the plants at different growth stages; when the natural light is insufficient, the supplementary lights 4 with different illuminations under the support frames 2 in different planting areas are used to adjust the light to adapt to the light intensity required by the plants at different growth stages;

[0038] S4. Harvesting: The harvesting period of cut flowers in the same growth period is limited to 2-5 days; the cut flowers in each growth period are harvested by retaining branches with a length of 2-3 cm at the base of the flower branches as flowering mother branches to ensure that there are significant period differences in the state of the flower branches of cut flowers in different growth periods.

[0039] Specifically, the difference between the three periods is 10-15 days apart, which is significant. Because the difference of 2-5 days in pruning control is the limit that can be achieved, it can only be achieved by harvesting cut flowers in each growth period and retaining branches with a length of 2-3 cm at the base of the flower branches as flowering mother branches to keep the harvest of flowers in the next season within 2-5 days, so as to ensure that there are significant period differences in the state of the flower branches of cut flowers in different growth periods, and other flower branch pruning and cultivation methods cannot guarantee this limiting factor. For example: it is difficult to guarantee the length of the flower branches with 5 or 7 leaflets at the base. Harvesting flowers and retaining a length of 2-3 cm at the base of the flower branches promotes the germination of new buds from the base of the plant, and the consistency of flower branches from budding to growth and maturity is better.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the embodiments of the present application are described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents, without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting, comprising a plurality of planting surfaces arranged in a greenhouse, characterized in that: The same planting surface is divided into a plurality of planting areas, cut flowers of different growth periods are planted on the same planting surface, and cut flowers of the same growth period are planted in a single planting area, and the growth periods of the cut flowers in any adjacent planting areas are different, and each planting surface is provided with a water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system (1), the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system (1) covers all the planting areas, and the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system (1) is used to irrigate the cut flowers of different growth periods in all the planting areas in different ways. A water-fertilizer with different concentrations, dosages and components is provided, each of the planting areas is fixedly provided with a support frame (2), a rolled-up sunshade net (3) is provided above the top of the support frame (2), the sunshade net (3) after being unfolded can completely cover the support frame (2) and cover the top of the corresponding planting area, a fill light (4) is provided below the top of the support frame (2), the light transmittance of the corresponding sunshade net (3) in the planting area of ​​cut flowers in different growth periods is different, and the illumination of the corresponding fill light (4) is also different.

2. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system (1) comprises a delivery pipe, a connecting pipe and an irrigation pipe. The delivery pipe is arranged in the planting soil surface. An irrigation pipe is arranged at each planting area. A plurality of water outlet holes are evenly and equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the irrigation pipe. The water outlet holes are arranged toward the planting soil surface. The irrigation pipe is connected to the delivery pipe via a connecting pipe.

3. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the early stage of planting, the planting periods of the cut flowers in different growth periods are: tender branch and leaf expansion period, bud appearance period, and bud color development period, and are respectively recorded as planting period A, planting period B, and planting period C. The cut flowers in different growth periods have an interval growth period of 10-15 days.

4. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent planting areas is 20-30cm. In the early stage of planting, the planting area for cutting flowers planted in the A planting period is recorded as the A planting area, the planting area for cutting flowers planted in the B planting period is recorded as the B planting area, and the planting area for cutting flowers planted in the C planting period is recorded as the C planting area. The A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area are not adjacent to each other.

5. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: An aisle is arranged between two adjacent planting surfaces, and a plurality of the planting areas in the same planting surface are longitudinally distributed in double rows.

6. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The delivery pipes include an A delivery pipe (111), a B delivery pipe (112) and a C delivery pipe (113), and the A delivery pipe (111), the B delivery pipe (112) and the C delivery pipe (113) are all arranged between the two rows of planting areas, and the A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area are respectively provided with an A irrigation pipe (121), a B irrigation pipe (122) and a C irrigation pipe (123), and the A irrigation pipe (121) is connected to the planting area through an A connecting pipe. The A delivery pipe (111) is connected to the A delivery pipe (111), the B irrigation pipe (122) is connected to the B delivery pipe (112) via the B connecting pipe, and the C irrigation pipe (123) is connected to the C delivery pipe (113) via the C connecting pipe. The concentration, amount and composition of the water and fertilizer transported in the A delivery pipe (111), the B delivery pipe (112) and the C delivery pipe (113) correspond to the growth periods of the cut flowers in the A planting area, the B planting area and the C planting area, respectively.

7. A greenhouse cultivation device for flower planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The A irrigation pipe (121), the B irrigation pipe (122) and the C irrigation pipe (123) are all horizontal frame structures and are distributed at the edges of the corresponding planting areas.

8. A method for cultivating cut flowers using the greenhouse cultivation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Transplanting and planting: determine the varieties of cut flowers to be planted, prepare the cut flower plants in the tender shoot and leaf stage (planting period A), bud stage (planting period B), and bud coloring stage (planting period C) from the nursery, and transplant them to planting area A, planting area B, and planting area C respectively; S2. Water and fertilizer management after transplanting cut flower plants: using the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system (1) to transport water and fertilizer of different concentrations, amounts and compositions required by plants at different growth stages to planting area A, planting area B and planting area C through the A transport pipe (111), the B transport pipe (112) and the C transport pipe (113), and transport them to the A irrigation pipe (121), the B irrigation pipe (122) and the C irrigation pipe (123) through the A connecting pipe, the B connecting pipe and the C connecting pipe, and irrigate the cut flower plants at the A planting period, the B planting period and the C planting period through the water outlets provided at the bottom thereof; S3, light management of cut flower plants after transplanting: when the natural light is too strong, the sunshade nets (3) with different light transmittances on the support frames (2) in different planting areas are unfolded to adjust the light to adapt to the light intensity required by the plants at different growth stages; when the natural light is insufficient, the supplementary lights (4) with different illuminations under the support frames (2) in different planting areas are used to adjust the light to adapt to the light intensity required by the plants at different growth stages; S4. Harvesting: The harvesting period of cut flowers in the same growth period is limited to 2-5 days; the cut flowers in each growth period are harvested by retaining branches with a length of 2-3 cm at the base of the flower branches as flowering mother branches to ensure that there are significant period differences in the state of the flower branches of cut flowers in different growth periods.

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