Pulse type rapid cleaning method for ceramic membrane of anaerobic membrane bioreactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulse-type rapid cleaning method for a ceramic membrane of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The pulse-type rapid cleaning method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting, purifying and storing biogas generated in the anaerobic bioreactor through a biogas separation and purification assembly; s2, mud and water from the anaerobic bioreactor are separated through a ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly; s3, sludge obtained through separation in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly flows back to the anaerobic bioreactor through a sludge backflow assembly; and S4, performing pulse backwashing on a ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly by using the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification assembly and clear water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation assembly through a pulse backwashing assembly. By means of the momentum transfer principle, the gas pressure provided by the biogas compressor is controlled by the pneumatic valve and quickly transferred to the filtered clear water in the pulse backwashing buffer, the filtered clear water enters the anaerobic membrane separator to perform ceramic membrane backwashing, and the backwashing time is less than or equal to 5 seconds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment, and in particular to a method for pulse-type rapid cleaning of a ceramic membrane of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Background Art

[0002] High-concentration refractory organic wastewater is recognized by domestic and foreign water treatment experts as difficult to treat due to its high organic matter concentration, high chroma and difficulty in degradation. Anaerobic biological treatment technology is widely used in the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater due to its advantages such as low sludge production, high load, low investment and methane recovery. However, traditional anaerobic biological treatment technology has problems such as long start-up cycle, easy loss of active microorganisms, and difficulty in separating sludge age and hydraulic retention time, which limits its treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater.

[0003] The anaerobic membrane bioreactor combines the membrane module with the anaerobic bioreactor. Its biggest feature is that it uses the membrane module to filter to achieve mud-water separation and sludge concentration, effectively overcoming the drawbacks of anaerobic biological treatment technology. The membrane bioreactor is divided into external and integrated membrane bioreactors according to the installation position of the membrane module. Compared with the integrated membrane bioreactor, the external membrane bioreactor has a relatively stable operation because the reactor and the membrane module are placed in two processing units, which makes it easy to clean and replace the membrane module without destroying the stable operation of the anaerobic system.

[0004] At present, traditional anaerobic membrane bioreactors mainly use polymer organic membranes, but the polymer organic membranes and the sealing structures at both ends of the membranes have poor mechanical strength, short life, and are easily damaged, resulting in secondary pollution. Ceramic membranes, as an emerging water and sewage treatment separation material in recent years, have the advantages of high mechanical strength, strong rigidity, uniform membrane pore size, strong corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and stable chemical properties of membrane materials compared to organic membranes. Combining ceramic membranes with anaerobic processes can effectively improve the operating effect of anaerobic treatment. However, in actual operation, membrane pollution is still a key factor restricting the application and promotion of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactors.

[0005] There are many common methods for cleaning ceramic membranes, including physical cleaning, chemical cleaning, biological cleaning, and a combination of cleaning technologies, etc. In the actual cleaning process using the above methods, there are problems such as slow cleaning speed, low efficiency, and large water consumption. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors provided by the present invention solves the problems of slow cleaning speed, low efficiency and large water consumption in the existing ceramic membrane cleaning methods.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] Provided is a method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors, which is implemented based on a rapid pulse cleaning device for ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors, the device comprising an inlet assembly, an anaerobic bioreactor, an anaerobic membrane separation assembly, a biogas separation and purification assembly, a sludge return assembly, a pulse backwash assembly, and an outlet assembly;

[0009] A water inlet assembly, used for supplying water to the anaerobic bioreactor;

[0010] Anaerobic bioreactor, used for anaerobic biological reaction;

[0011] Anaerobic membrane separation module, used to separate muddy water from anaerobic bioreactor through ceramic membrane;

[0012] Biogas separation and purification components, used for collecting, purifying and storing biogas generated in anaerobic bioreactors;

[0013] A sludge return component is used to return the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor;

[0014] A pulse backwashing component is used to perform pulse backwashing on the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component by using the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component;

[0015] The water outlet component is connected to the water outlet end of the anaerobic membrane separation component and is used to collect the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component.

[0016] The specific steps include:

[0017] S1. Collect, purify and store the biogas generated in the anaerobic bioreactor through a biogas separation and purification component;

[0018] S2, separating the muddy water from the anaerobic bioreactor through the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly;

[0019] S3, returning the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor through the sludge return component;

[0020] S4. The pulse backwashing component uses the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component to pulse backwash the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention adopts a pulse-type rapid cleaning method. When the pressure before and after the ceramic membrane exceeds a certain value and affects the solid-liquid separation, an online pulse backwash is performed. During backwashing, the corresponding pneumatic valves and the biogas compressor are opened, and biogas is injected into the pulse backwash buffer. When the water level of the pulse backwash buffer reaches the water level required for backwashing and the biogas reaches a certain pressure, the pneumatic valve on the membrane backwash water pipeline is opened. Under the impulse formed by the gas pressure, the ceramic membrane is quickly backwashed, so that the ceramic membrane can be quickly cleaned by the backwash water and the membrane flux is restored.

[0023] 2. The present invention returns the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor through the sludge return component, which can increase the sludge concentration of the anaerobic bioreactor and has a better treatment effect than the external circulation of the traditional anaerobic bioreactor, thereby improving the treatment efficiency of the anaerobic bioreactor and improving the effluent water quality.

[0024] 3. The present invention operates the anaerobic bioreactor and the anaerobic membrane separation component separately, which can effectively reduce the adsorption and deposition of sludge on the surface of the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic bioreactor, effectively alleviate the pollution of the ceramic membrane, and improve the treatment efficiency and effluent quality of the anaerobic bioreactor.

[0025] 4. The present invention uses the momentum transfer principle to quickly transfer the gas pressure provided by the biogas compressor to the filtered clean water in the pulse backwash buffer through pneumatic valve control to enter the anaerobic membrane separator for ceramic membrane backwashing. The backwashing time is less than or equal to 5 seconds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is the structural block diagram of the device;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the local structure when two anaerobic membrane separators are provided in the device.

[0028] Among them: 1. Raw water tank; 2. Inlet pump; 3. Inlet regulating valve; 4. Inlet flowmeter; 5. Inlet pipe; 6. Water distributor; 7. Anaerobic bioreactor; 8. Outlet pipe; 9. Mud and water pneumatic valve; 10. Mud and water flowmeter; 11. Inlet check valve; 12. Anaerobic membrane separator; 13. Ceramic membrane group; 14. Membrane outlet water collection pipe; 15. Vacuum gauge; 16. Membrane group water pump; 17. Membrane group water pneumatic valve; 18. Membrane group water flowmeter; 19. Pulse backwash buffer inlet pipe; 20. Pulse backwash buffer inlet pneumatic valve; 21. Pulse backwash buffer check valve; 22. Water inlet and outlet; 23. Pulse backwash buffer; 24. Separation water storage tank; 25. Separation water storage tank outlet pipe; 26. Outlet pump; 27. Outlet regulating valve throttle valve; 28, water outlet flow meter; 29, mud discharge pipe; 30, mud discharge return pump; 31, mud discharge regulating valve; 32, mud discharge flow meter; 33, gas connecting pipe; 34, biogas pneumatic valve; 35, gas-water separation tank; 36, biogas purification reactor; 37, biogas storage tank; 38, biogas discharge pipe; 39, biogas compressor; 40, compressed air pipeline; 41, pressure reducing valve; 42, gas pressure gauge; 43, liquid level gauge; 44, backwash pipe; 45, backwash pneumatic butterfly valve; 46, biogas straight pipeline; 47, biogas recovery check valve; 48, biogas recovery pneumatic valve; 49, biogas recovery pipe; 50, first backwash water inlet pneumatic valve; 51, first filtered water outlet pneumatic valve; 52, second backwash water inlet pneumatic valve; 53, second filtered water outlet pneumatic valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0030] The method of the present invention is realized based on the ceramic membrane pulse rapid cleaning device of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor ceramic membrane pulse type rapid cleaning device includes a water inlet component, an anaerobic bioreactor 7, an anaerobic membrane separation component, a biogas separation and purification component, a sludge return component, a pulse backwash component and a water outlet component;

[0031] A water inlet assembly, used for supplying water to the anaerobic bioreactor 7;

[0032] An anaerobic bioreactor 7, used for performing anaerobic biological reaction;

[0033] An anaerobic membrane separation component, used for separating muddy water from the anaerobic bioreactor 7 through a ceramic membrane;

[0034] A biogas separation and purification component, used for collecting, purifying and storing the biogas generated in the anaerobic bioreactor 7;

[0035] A sludge return component, used for returning the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor 7;

[0036] A pulse backwashing component is used to perform pulse backwashing on the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component by using the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component;

[0037] The water outlet component is connected to the water outlet end of the anaerobic membrane separation component and is used to collect the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component.

[0038] In this embodiment, the water inlet assembly includes a raw water pool 1, a water inlet pump 2, a water inlet regulating valve 3, a water inlet flow meter 4, a water inlet pipe 5 and a water distributor 6; the water distributor 6 is arranged at the bottom of the anaerobic bioreactor 7; the two ends of the water inlet pipe 5 are respectively connected to the raw water pool 1 and the water distributor 6; the water inlet pump 2, the water inlet regulating valve 3 and the water inlet flow meter 4 are all arranged on the water inlet pipe 5. The water inlet pump 2 is used to pump the water in the raw water pool 1 into the bottom of the anaerobic bioreactor 7, and evenly distribute the water through the water distributor 6; the water pumping amount is regulated by the water inlet regulating valve 3 and the water inlet flow meter 4, so that the anaerobic bioreactor 7 can work normally.

[0039] In this embodiment, the anaerobic membrane separation component includes an outlet pipe 8 and an anaerobic membrane separator 12; the two ends of the outlet pipe 8 are respectively connected to the upper overflow port of the anaerobic bioreactor 7 and the upper water inlet of the anaerobic membrane separator 12; the outlet pipe 8 is provided with a muddy water pneumatic valve 9, a muddy water flow meter 10 and a water inlet check valve 11; and the anaerobic membrane separator 12 is provided with a ceramic membrane group 13. The muddy water pneumatic valve 9 is used to control the opening and closing of the outlet pipe 8, and the muddy water flow meter 10 is used to count the amount of muddy water flowing into the anaerobic membrane separator 12; the water inlet check valve 11 is used to prevent the liquid or gas in the anaerobic membrane separator 12 from flowing back to the anaerobic bioreactor 7. The ceramic membrane group 13 adopts an external pressure type, and separates muddy water through the ceramic membrane holes.

[0040] In this embodiment, the sludge return assembly includes a sludge discharge pipe 29, a sludge return pump 30, a sludge discharge regulating valve 31 and a sludge discharge flow meter 32; the sludge discharge pipe 29 is used to connect the bottom of the anaerobic bioreactor 7 with the bottom of the anaerobic membrane separator 12; the sludge return pump 30, the sludge discharge regulating valve 31 and the sludge discharge flow meter 32 are all arranged on the sludge discharge pipe 29. The sludge return pump 30 pumps the sludge at the bottom of the anaerobic membrane separator 12 into the bottom of the anaerobic bioreactor 7, and the sludge discharge regulating valve 31 and the sludge discharge flow meter 32 are used to control the sludge discharge speed and monitor the sludge discharge amount, respectively.

[0041] In this embodiment, the water outlet assembly includes a membrane water outlet collection pipe 14, a separation water storage tank 24, and a separation water storage tank outlet pipe 25; the membrane water outlet collection pipe 14 is used to discharge the clean water filtered by the ceramic membrane group 13 out of the anaerobic membrane separator 12; a vacuum gauge 15, a membrane group water production pump 16, a membrane group water production pneumatic valve 17 and a membrane group water production flow meter 18 are sequentially arranged on the membrane water outlet collection pipe 14 and from the anaerobic membrane separator 12 end to the separation water storage tank 24 end; a water outlet pump 26, a water outlet regulating valve 27 and a water outlet flow meter 28 are arranged on the separation water storage tank outlet pipe 25; the membrane flux of the ceramic membrane group 13 is controlled at 15 to 80 L / m 2 h range. The end of the membrane water outlet water collecting pipe 14 is located inside the ceramic membrane group 13; the vacuum gauge 15 is used to detect the internal pressure of the anaerobic membrane separator 12; the membrane group water production pump 16 is used to extract the clean water filtered by the ceramic membrane group 13, and part of the extracted clean water enters the separation water storage tank 24 through the membrane group water production pneumatic valve 17 and the membrane group water production flow meter 18 pipeline for storage and standby, and part of the extracted clean water enters the pulse backwash buffer 23 through the pulse backwash buffer inlet pipe 19 for pulse backwashing.

[0042] In this embodiment, the biogas separation and purification assembly includes a gas connecting pipe 33, a gas-water separation tank 35, a biogas purification reactor 36 and a biogas storage tank 37; the two ends of the gas connecting pipe 33 are respectively connected to the top of the anaerobic bioreactor 7 and the inlet of the gas-water separation tank 35; the gas-water separation tank 35, the biogas purification reactor 36 and the biogas storage tank 37 are connected in sequence; the biogas pneumatic valve 34 is arranged on the pipelines between the anaerobic bioreactor 7 and the gas-water separation tank 35, between the gas-water separation tank 35 and the biogas purification reactor 36, and between the biogas purification reactor 36 and the biogas storage tank 37. The gas-water separation tank 35 is used for gas-water separation, and the separated gas (biogas) enters the biogas purification reactor 36 for desulfurization treatment, and the desulfurized biogas enters the biogas storage tank 37 for storage. The outlet end of the biogas storage tank 37 is also provided with a biogas discharge pipe 38, and the biogas discharge pipe 38 is also provided with a biogas pneumatic valve 34.

[0043] In this embodiment, the pulse backwash component includes a biogas compressor 39 and a pulse backwash buffer 23; the inlet end of the biogas compressor 39 is connected to the biogas storage tank 37; the biogas compressor 39 is connected to the pulse backwash buffer 23 through a compressed air pipeline 40, and a pressure reducing valve 41 and two biogas pneumatic valves 34 are sequentially arranged on the compressed air pipeline 40 from the end of the biogas compressor 39 to the end of the pulse backwash buffer 23; a gas pressure gauge 42 is arranged between the two biogas pneumatic valves 34 on the compressed air pipeline 40; a biogas direct pipeline 46 leading to the top of the anaerobic membrane separator 12 is arranged between the gas pressure gauge 42 and the biogas pneumatic valve 34 at its downstream end, and a biogas pneumatic valve 34 is arranged on the biogas direct pipeline 46; a liquid level gauge 43 is arranged on the pulse backwash buffer 23;

[0044] The water inlet and outlet 22 of the pulse backwash buffer 23 are respectively connected to one end of the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe 19 and one end of the backwash pipe 44; the other end of the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe 19 is connected to the membrane water outlet water collecting pipe 14, and the connection point is located between the membrane group water production pump 16 and the membrane group water production pneumatic valve 17; the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pneumatic valve 20 and the pulse backwash buffer check valve 21 are arranged on the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe 19;

[0045] The other end of the backwash pipe 44 is connected to the membrane outlet water collecting pipe 14, and the connection point is located between the ceramic membrane group 13 and the vacuum gauge 15; a backwash pneumatic butterfly valve 45 is provided on the backwash pipe 44 and between the connection point between the backwash pipe 44 and the membrane outlet water collecting pipe 14 and the water inlet and outlet 22;

[0046] The biogas separation and purification assembly also includes a biogas recovery pipe 49 connecting the anaerobic membrane separator 12 and the biogas storage tank 37; a biogas recovery check valve 47 and a biogas recovery pneumatic valve 48 are provided on the biogas recovery pipe 49 to prevent the biogas in the biogas storage tank 37 from entering the anaerobic membrane separator 12;

[0047] When the pulse backwashing component backwashes the anaerobic membrane separator 12, the biogas pressure is 0.5MPa, the backwashing time is less than or equal to 5 seconds, the backwashing water consumption is less than or equal to 1%, the backwashing sewage volume is less than or equal to 2%, the filtered water turbidity is less than or equal to 2NTU, and the operating transmembrane pressure difference is 15-25Kpa.

[0048] The clean water in the pulse backwash buffer 23 enters the interior of the ceramic membrane group 13 in a pulsed form through the backwash pipe 44 under the pressure of the biogas compressor 39, so as to clean the ceramic membrane group 13 from the inside out. The biogas direct pipe 46 can directly pass the biogas pressurized by the biogas compressor 39 to the anaerobic membrane separator 12, so as to flush the surface of the ceramic membrane group 13. The biogas in the anaerobic membrane separator 12 can be directly stored in the biogas storage tank 37 through the biogas recovery pipe 49, or it can be passed to the interior of the anaerobic bioreactor 7 through an additional pipe, and then stored in the biogas storage tank 37 through the biogas separation and purification component.

[0049] In the specific implementation process, Figure 2 As shown, two anaerobic membrane separators 12 are provided, and pneumatic valves are provided between the upper water inlets of the two anaerobic membrane separators 12 and the water inlet check valve 11;

[0050] A first backwash water inlet pneumatic valve 50 and a second backwash water inlet pneumatic valve 52 connected to the two ceramic membrane groups 13 are provided on the backwash pipe 44 and between the connection point between the backwash pipe 44 and the membrane outlet water collecting pipe 14 and the backwash pneumatic butterfly valve 45;

[0051] A first filtered water outlet pneumatic valve 51 and a second filtered water outlet pneumatic valve 53 connected to the two ceramic membrane groups 13 are provided on the membrane water outlet collecting pipe 14 and between the connection point between the backwash pipe 44 and the membrane water outlet collecting pipe 14 and the vacuum gauge 15 .

[0052] The provision of two backwash water inlet pneumatic valves and two filtered water outlet pneumatic valves allows the two anaerobic membrane separators 12 to operate independently. When one of the anaerobic membrane separators 12 fails or needs to be cleaned, the other anaerobic membrane separator 12 can operate normally.

[0053] In the specific implementation process, the method for pulse rapid cleaning of the ceramic membrane of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1, collecting, purifying and storing the biogas generated in the anaerobic bioreactor 7 through a biogas separation and purification component;

[0055] S2, separating the muddy water from the anaerobic bioreactor 7 by the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly;

[0056] S3, returning the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor 7 through the sludge return component;

[0057] S4. The pulse backwashing component uses the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component to pulse backwash the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component.

[0058] In this embodiment, the pulse backwashing component uses the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component to pulse backwash the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component. The specific method is:

[0059] Part of the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separator 12 is stored in the pulse backwash buffer 23 through the pulse backwash buffer inlet pipe 19 and the membrane outlet water collection pipe 14 until the required water level is reached, and the pulse backwash buffer inlet pneumatic valve 20 is closed; when the ceramic membrane pressure difference is greater than 40Kpa, the biogas pneumatic valve 34 on the biogas direct pipeline 46 is kept closed, the biogas pneumatic valve 34 between the pressure reducing valve 41 and the gas pressure gauge 42 is opened, and the biogas pneumatic valve 34 between the gas pressure gauge 42 and the pulse backwash buffer 23 is kept closed until the gas pressure gauge 42 reaches 0.5MPa, then the biogas pneumatic valve 34 between the gas pressure gauge 42 and the pulse backwash buffer 23, the backwash pneumatic butterfly valve 45, and the backwash water inlet pneumatic valve corresponding to the anaerobic membrane separator 12 to be backwashed are opened, and the filtered water gas outlet corresponding to the anaerobic membrane separator 12 to be backwashed is closed. The pneumatic valve is activated to perform pulse backwashing of the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly with the clean water stored in the pulse backwash buffer 23 for a duration of less than or equal to 5 seconds; the biogas pneumatic valve 34, the backwash pneumatic butterfly valve 45, and the backwash water inlet pneumatic valve corresponding to the anaerobic membrane separator 12 to be backwashed between the gas pressure gauge 42 and the pulse backwash buffer 23 are closed, and the biogas pneumatic valve 34 on the biogas direct pipeline 46 is opened to allow the biogas pressurized by the biogas compressor 39 to purge the surface of the ceramic membrane group 13 to clean the sewage and residue on the surface of the ceramic membrane group 13 and in the gaps; after the cleaning of the anaerobic membrane separator 12 is completed, the biogas pneumatic valve 34 on the biogas direct pipeline 46, the biogas compressor 39, the biogas pneumatic valve 34 between the pressure reducing valve 41 and the gas pressure gauge 42 are closed, and the biogas recovery pneumatic valve 48 is opened to recover and store the biogas in the anaerobic membrane separator 12.

[0060] In summary, the present invention adopts a pulse-type rapid cleaning method. When the pressure before and after the ceramic membrane exceeds a certain value and affects the solid-liquid separation, online pulse backwashing is performed. During backwashing, the corresponding pneumatic valves and biogas compressor are opened, and biogas is injected into the pulse backwash buffer. When the water level of the pulse backwash buffer reaches the water level required for backwashing and the biogas reaches a certain pressure, the pneumatic valve on the membrane backwash water pipeline is opened. Under the impulse formed by the gas pressure, the ceramic membrane is quickly backwashed, so that the ceramic membrane can be quickly cleaned by the backwash water and the membrane flux is restored.

Claims

1. A method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors, characterized in that: The device is based on an anaerobic membrane bioreactor ceramic membrane pulse rapid cleaning device, which includes an inlet component, an anaerobic bioreactor (7), an anaerobic membrane separation component, a biogas separation and purification component, a sludge return component, a pulse backwash component and an outlet component; A water inlet assembly, used for supplying water to the anaerobic bioreactor (7); An anaerobic bioreactor (7) for carrying out anaerobic biological reaction; An anaerobic membrane separation component, used for separating muddy water from an anaerobic bioreactor (7) through a ceramic membrane; A biogas separation and purification component, used for collecting, purifying and storing the biogas generated in the anaerobic bioreactor (7); A sludge return component, used for returning the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor (7); A pulse backwashing component is used to perform pulse backwashing on the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component by using the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component; A water outlet component is connected to the water outlet end of the anaerobic membrane separation component and is used to collect the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component; The specific steps include: S1, collecting, purifying and storing the biogas generated in the anaerobic bioreactor (7) through a biogas separation and purification component; S2, separating the muddy water from the anaerobic bioreactor (7) through the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation assembly; S3, returning the sludge separated in the anaerobic membrane separation component to the anaerobic bioreactor (7) through the sludge return component; S4. The pulse backwashing component uses the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component to pulse backwash the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component.

2. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet assembly comprises a raw water pool (1), a water inlet pump (2), a water inlet regulating valve (3), a water inlet flow meter (4), a water inlet pipe (5) and a water distributor (6); the water distributor (6) is arranged at the bottom of the anaerobic bioreactor (7); the two ends of the water inlet pipe (5) are respectively connected to the raw water pool (1) and the water distributor (6); the water inlet pump (2), the water inlet regulating valve (3) and the water inlet flow meter (4) are all arranged on the water inlet pipe (5).

3. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anaerobic membrane separation component comprises an outlet pipe (8) and an anaerobic membrane separator (12); the two ends of the outlet pipe (8) are respectively connected to the upper overflow port of the anaerobic bioreactor (7) and the upper water inlet of the anaerobic membrane separator (12); the outlet pipe (8) is provided with a muddy water pneumatic valve (9), a muddy water flow meter (10) and a water inlet check valve (11); and the anaerobic membrane separator (12) is provided with a ceramic membrane group (13).

4. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sludge return assembly comprises a sludge discharge pipe (29), a sludge return pump (30), a sludge discharge regulating valve (31) and a sludge discharge flow meter (32); the sludge discharge pipe (29) is used to connect the bottom of the anaerobic bioreactor (7) with the bottom of the anaerobic membrane separator (12); the sludge return pump (30), the sludge discharge regulating valve (31) and the sludge discharge flow meter (32) are all arranged on the sludge discharge pipe (29).

5. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water outlet assembly comprises a membrane water outlet collecting pipe (14), a separation water storage tank (24), and a separation water storage tank outlet pipe (25); the membrane water outlet collecting pipe (14) is used to discharge the clean water obtained by filtering the ceramic membrane group (13) out of the anaerobic membrane separator (12); a vacuum gauge (15), a membrane group water production pump (16), a membrane group water production pneumatic valve (17), and a membrane group water production flow meter (18) are sequentially arranged on the membrane water outlet collecting pipe (14) from the anaerobic membrane separator (12) end to the separation water storage tank (24) end; a water outlet pump (26), a water outlet regulating valve (27), and a water outlet flow meter (28) are arranged on the separation water storage tank outlet pipe (25); the membrane flux of the ceramic membrane group (13) is controlled to be 15 to 80 L / (m 2 h) Scope.

6. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 5, characterized in that: The biogas separation and purification component comprises a gas connecting pipe (33), a gas-water separation tank (35), a biogas purification reactor (36) and a biogas storage tank (37); the two ends of the gas connecting pipe (33) are respectively connected to the top of the anaerobic bioreactor (7) and the inlet of the gas-water separation tank (35); the gas-water separation tank (35), the biogas purification reactor (36) and the biogas storage tank (37) are connected in sequence; biogas pneumatic valves (34) are arranged on the pipelines between the anaerobic bioreactor (7) and the gas-water separation tank (35), between the gas-water separation tank (35) and the biogas purification reactor (36), and between the biogas purification reactor (36) and the biogas storage tank (37); a biogas discharge pipe (38) is also arranged at the outlet end of the biogas storage tank (37), and a biogas pneumatic valve (34) is also arranged on the biogas discharge pipe (38).

7. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pulse backwashing assembly comprises a biogas compressor (39) and a pulse backwashing buffer (23); the inlet end of the biogas compressor (39) is connected to a biogas storage tank (37); the biogas compressor (39) is connected to the pulse backwashing buffer (23) through a compressed air pipeline (40); a pressure reducing valve (41) and two biogas pneumatic valves (34) are sequentially arranged on the compressed air pipeline (40) from the end of the biogas compressor (39) to the end of the pulse backwashing buffer (23); a gas pressure gauge (42) is arranged between the two biogas pneumatic valves (34) on the compressed air pipeline (40); a biogas direct pipeline (46) leading to the top of the anaerobic membrane separator (12) is arranged between the gas pressure gauge (42) and the biogas pneumatic valve (34) at its downstream end, and a biogas pneumatic valve (34) is arranged on the biogas direct pipeline (46); a liquid level gauge (43) is arranged on the pulse backwashing buffer (23); The water inlet and outlet (22) of the pulse backwash buffer (23) are respectively connected to one end of the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe (19) and one end of the backwash pipe (44); the other end of the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe (19) is connected to the membrane water outlet water collecting pipe (14), and the connection point is located between the membrane group water production pump (16) and the membrane group water production pneumatic valve (17); the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pneumatic valve (20) and the pulse backwash buffer check valve (21) are arranged on the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe (19); The other end of the backwash pipe (44) is connected to the membrane outlet water collecting pipe (14), and the connection point is located between the ceramic membrane group (13) and the vacuum gauge (15); a backwash pneumatic butterfly valve (45) is provided on the backwash pipe (44) and between the connection point between the backwash pipe (44) and the membrane outlet water collecting pipe (14) and the water inlet and outlet (22); The biogas separation and purification component also includes a biogas recovery pipe (49) connecting the anaerobic membrane separator (12) and the biogas storage tank (37); the biogas recovery pipe (49) is provided with a biogas recovery check valve (47) and a biogas recovery pneumatic valve (48); When the pulse backwashing component backwashes the anaerobic membrane separator (12), the biogas pressure is 0.5MPa, the backwashing time is less than or equal to 5 seconds, the backwashing water consumption is less than or equal to 1%, the backwashing sewage volume is less than or equal to 2%, the turbidity of the filtered water is less than or equal to 2NTU, and the operating transmembrane pressure difference is 15-25Kpa.

8. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two anaerobic membrane separators (12) are provided, and pneumatic valves are provided between the upper water inlets of the two anaerobic membrane separators (12) and the water inlet check valve (11); A first backwash water inlet pneumatic valve (50) and a second backwash water inlet pneumatic valve (52) respectively connected to the two ceramic membrane groups (13) are provided on the backwash pipe (44) and between the connection point between the backwash pipe (44) and the membrane outlet water collecting pipe (14) and the backwash pneumatic butterfly valve (45); A first filtered water outlet pneumatic valve (51) and a second filtered water outlet pneumatic valve (53) respectively connected to the two ceramic membrane groups (13) are provided on the membrane water outlet collecting pipe (14) and between the connection point between the backwash pipe (44) and the membrane water outlet collecting pipe (14) and the vacuum gauge (15).

9. The method for rapid pulse cleaning of ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactors according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific method of pulse backwashing the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component by using the biogas stored in the biogas separation and purification component and the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separation component is as follows: A portion of the clean water separated by the anaerobic membrane separator (12) is stored in the pulse backwash buffer (23) through the pulse backwash buffer water inlet pipe (19) and the membrane outlet water collecting pipe (14); when the pressure difference of the ceramic membrane is greater than 40Kpa, the biogas pneumatic valve (34) on the biogas direct pipeline (46) is kept closed, the biogas pneumatic valve (34) between the pressure reducing valve (41) and the gas pressure gauge (42) is opened, and the biogas pneumatic valve (34) between the gas pressure gauge (42) and the pulse backwash buffer (23) is kept closed until the gas pressure gauge (42) reaches 0.5MPa, then the biogas pneumatic valve (34) between the gas pressure gauge (42) and the pulse backwash buffer (23), the backwash pneumatic butterfly valve (45), and the backwash water inlet pneumatic valve corresponding to the anaerobic membrane separator (12) to be backwashed are opened, and the filtered water pneumatic valve corresponding to the anaerobic membrane separator (12) to be backwashed is closed, and the biogas pneumatic valve (34) between the gas pressure gauge (42) and the pulse backwash buffer (23) is opened. 23) to perform pulse backwashing of the ceramic membrane in the anaerobic membrane separation component for a duration of less than or equal to 5 seconds; closing the biogas pneumatic valve (34) between the gas pressure gauge (42) and the pulse backwash buffer (23), the backwash pneumatic butterfly valve (45), and the backwash water inlet pneumatic valve corresponding to the anaerobic membrane separator (12) to be backwashed, and opening the biogas pneumatic valve (34) on the biogas direct pipeline (46) to allow the biogas pressurized by the biogas compressor (39) to The surface of the ceramic membrane group (13) is purged to clean the sewage and residue on the surface of the ceramic membrane group (13) and in the gaps therebetween; after the anaerobic membrane separator (12) is cleaned, the biogas pneumatic valve (34) on the biogas direct pipeline (46), the biogas compressor (39), the biogas pneumatic valve (34) between the pressure reducing valve (41) and the gas pressure gauge (42) are closed, and the biogas recovery pneumatic valve (48) is opened to recover and store the biogas in the anaerobic membrane separator (12).

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