Construction plane layout drawing method and system based on QGIS

Abstract

The invention provides a QGIS-based construction plane layout drawing method and system, and belongs to the technical field of building construction, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, data processing and collection: carrying out ortho-image collection, carrying out image shooting through a shooting device, and then carrying out ortho-image processing on the shot data; s2, establishing a unified coordinate system, newly establishing a map project in the QGIS, and setting map attributes as the coordinate system required by a design drawing; s3, drawing elements required by the plane layout diagram, newly creating a layer in a database where the plane layout diagram is located in the QGIS directory, and adding the elements; and S4, setting export size arrangement, inserting line selection, newly building a layout, and selecting the layout according to the size of the plane layout diagram to be exported. The problem that when CAD is traditionally used for drawing, some structures conflicting with the site exist in a design drawing, and consequently the construction plane arrangement cannot well reflect the site environment is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and in particular, relates to a method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS. Background Art

[0002] Currently, most construction plan layouts are drawn using CAD software, which is done by modifying the graphic design drawings provided by the design institute, retaining the elements needed, adding on-site information such as transportation, electricity, water sources, and temporary buildings and construction machinery waiting to be built, and then dividing the construction area for drawing, adding text, etc. The whole process is cumbersome.

[0003] In the prior art, in the highway construction plane, due to the long route, large number of structures and scattered distribution, the adjacent traffic environment is crucial to the entire construction. When drawing with CAD software, only the structures and other facilities of the highway project can be drawn simply, and it is impossible to draw every adjacent road due to the large number of roads. There are some structures in the design drawing that conflict with the site, which leads to the construction plane layout not being able to reflect the site environment well.

[0004] Ordinary construction plan layout is just a picture without geographic coordinate system, and needs to be redrawn when some structures change. However, this application uses QGIS as a layout platform, introduces drone oblique photography to collect large-scale on-site environment, and gives various structures geographic coordinates for easy adjustment, making it more convenient and quick to draw construction plan layout. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS, which solves the problem that when drawing using CAD in the traditional way, the construction plan layout cannot well reflect the on-site environment because there are some structures in the design drawing that conflict with the on-site environment.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention provides a method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, data processing and collection, orthophoto acquisition, according to the highway center line provided by the design institute, expand 300m outward, establish an image acquisition area, use shooting equipment to shoot images, and then perform orthophoto processing on the shot data. Orthophotos are established using orthophoto modeling software, and the acquisition results are imported to optimize the design drawings;

[0009] S2, establish a unified coordinate system, create a new map project in QGIS, and set the map properties to the coordinate system required by the design drawings;

[0010] S3, draw the elements required for the floor plan, create a new layer in the database where the floor plan is located in the QGIS directory and add elements, create the required surface, line or point data in the editing window, edit the building data information, repeat the operation to add the elements required for drawing the floor plan, and adjust the font size to display it in an appropriate size;

[0011] S4, set the export size layout, insert the selection line, create a new layout, select the layout according to the size of the floor plan to be exported, adjust the layout direction, select the map frame properties, display the option box, position settings, rotation angle and size direction. After the adjustment is completed, you can add a compass, legend and scale according to your needs, insert the option box, map decoration classification, and after the size layout is set, export drawings and pictures of different formats according to your needs;

[0012] The drawing system applied to the above method includes an orthophoto acquisition module, an orthophoto production module, a network map information acquisition module, a field information acquisition module, a coordinate system establishment module, a symbol classification module and a database;

[0013] The orthophoto acquisition module uses a drone to collect data on the construction site;

[0014] The orthophoto making module uses software to make orthophotos of the collected data and optimizes the drawing data;

[0015] The network map information collection module crawls the network through OSM data or highway data provided by the local transportation bureau, downloads through the open source OpenStreetMap, and vectorizes the public map;

[0016] The on-site information acquisition module uses a total station to collect and determine the on-site building coordinates;

[0017] The coordinate system establishment module uses QGIS software to establish the coordinate system;

[0018] The symbol classification module uses the symbol system to classify the element data according to different requirements;

[0019] The database is used to store relevant data of the drawings.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the image acquisition in step S1 specifically uses a shooting device to divide the orthophoto acquisition area, edits the basic information of the flight mission, and uses an image accuracy GSD of 3.47cm / piexl. After the mission editing is completed, a drone is used for data acquisition;

[0021] Orthophoto processing specifically involves importing the collected orthophotos and performing aerial triangulation calculations. After the aerial triangulation calculations are completed, the coordinate system used by the object is set to create the orthophoto.

[0022] The design drawing optimization is specifically based on the construction drawings with a coordinate system provided by the design institute, and the basic elements of the construction plan layout of land acquisition red lines, line directions, bridges and interchanges in the drawings are extracted.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, step S1 also includes collecting map information and on-site information, and determining the location coordinates of the temporary construction required for arrangement according to the actual needs of the construction site, so as to facilitate adding to the general plan layout later;

[0024] Editing the basic information of the flight mission includes exporting the project acquisition area's planar geographic information as a KMZ format file based on the actual project situation, and then importing it into the route planning software, setting it as the execution mission category, and setting the flight altitude, flight speed, image acquisition overlap, return point location, and image accuracy GSD information.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, drawing the plan layout diagram in step S3 specifically includes:

[0026] S31, first create a new linear data in the database where the project is located, select Create under the Edit window, select the data layer to be created, select the tracking line, and track and draw the line according to the data line provided by the design;

[0027] S32, after creating the building element, open the linear data attribute table, add the building information, add a field in the building attribute, set the field to text, and fill in the linear building data;

[0028] S33, after the attribute table is added, use the symbol system function to fill the entered data with different colors, and use the annotation function to display the name of the part that needs to display the name.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the step S33 of distinguishing elements by using a symbol system specifically includes:

[0030] S331, when entering an element, mark the attribute table of the element, first mark the previously entered element, the element will have different paragraphs, and it is necessary to add a field to each paragraph. The field can be distinguished according to the actual situation. The surface element is divided into permanent land acquisition and temporary land acquisition;

[0031] S332. After the attributes of the elements are set, classify the features according to the needs. Select the elements to be classified according to the needs. In the symbol system, select the unique value classification. This classification is applicable to the name class. Classify according to linear elements, or classify according to graded colors. When selecting color classification in the symbol system, set the upper and lower limits of the graded color range and the symbol color. Finally, save the classification. In the content bar, the paragraphs of the same field type or range in the element will be displayed with the same color. The color can be modified in the color properties according to the needs.

[0032] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the basic element extraction is specifically based on the engineering coordinates of the drawings, which are imported into the Ovi map and then saved as shp format according to different layers. When exporting, they can be set to the required coordinate system and then imported into the QGIS software.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] The present invention uses QGIS as a layout platform, introduces drone oblique photography to collect a large area of ​​the site environment, and assigns geographic coordinates to various structures for easy adjustment, making it more convenient and faster to draw the construction plan layout, and quickly imports the data collected on site into the design drawings, which is easy to modify and adjust the drawings, and is more in line with the actual site conditions, which is helpful for construction. Compared with CAD drawing, the accuracy is higher. By importing the data collected on site, it is beneficial to the construction site guidance, and the specific coordinates of the temporary construction can be obtained instead of the relative position relationship. Access to open source map data is convenient for enriching the content of the construction plan layout, and the layer structure is clearer and easier to draw.

[0035] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS disclosed in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 The present invention discloses a method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS, which is a schematic diagram of the main structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Refer to the attached Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1, data processing and collection, orthophoto acquisition, according to the highway center line provided by the design institute, expand 300m outward, establish an image acquisition area, use shooting equipment to shoot images, and then perform orthophoto processing on the shot data. Orthophotos are established using orthophoto modeling software, such as ContextCapture software, and the acquisition results are imported to optimize the design drawings;

[0046] S2, establish a unified coordinate system, create a new map project in QGIS, set the map properties to the coordinate system required by the design drawings, and the specific operation is map, properties, coordinate system in the content bar, select the project coordinate system according to your needs;

[0047] S3, draw the elements required for the floor plan, create a new layer in the database where the floor plan is located in the QGIS directory and add elements, create the required surface, line or point data in the editing window, edit the building data information, repeat the operation to add the elements required for drawing the floor plan, and adjust the font size to display it in an appropriate size;

[0048] S4, set the export size layout, insert the selected line, create a new layout, select the layout according to the size of the floor plan to be exported, adjust the layout direction, select the map frame properties, display the option box, position settings, rotation angle and size direction. After the adjustment is completed, you can add a compass, legend and scale according to your needs, insert the option box, map decoration classification, and after the size layout is set, you can share the export layout in the option box and export drawings and pictures of different formats according to your needs;

[0049] The drawing system applied to the above method includes an orthophoto acquisition module, an orthophoto production module, a network map information acquisition module, a field information acquisition module, a coordinate system establishment module, a symbol classification module and a database;

[0050] The orthophoto acquisition module uses drones to collect data on the construction site;

[0051] The orthophoto production module uses software to produce orthophotos of the collected data and optimize the drawing data;

[0052] The network map information collection module crawls the network through OSM data or highway data provided by the local transportation bureau, downloads it through the open source OpenStreetMap, and vectorizes the public map;

[0053] The on-site information acquisition module uses a total station to collect and determine the on-site building coordinates;

[0054] The coordinate system establishment module uses QGIS software to establish the coordinate system;

[0055] The symbol classification module uses the symbol system to classify the element data according to different requirements;

[0056] The database is used to store drawing related data.

[0057] The embodiment of the present invention is also implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present invention, the image acquisition in step S1 specifically uses a shooting device to divide the orthophoto image acquisition area, edits the basic information of the flight mission, and the image accuracy GSD adopts 3.47cm / piexl, which can also be adjusted according to actual needs. The higher the required accuracy, the larger the GSD value, and the longer the required flight time. Generally, 5cm / piexl can meet the requirements. After the mission editing is completed, the drone is used for data acquisition;

[0059] Orthophoto processing specifically involves importing the collected orthophotos and performing aerial triangulation calculations. After the aerial triangulation calculations are completed, the coordinate system used by the object is set, and GCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-KrugerCM 114E is used to establish orthophotos;

[0060] The design drawing optimization is specifically based on the construction drawings with a coordinate system provided by the design institute, and the basic elements of the construction plan layout of land acquisition red lines, line directions, bridges and interchanges in the drawings are extracted.

[0061] In addition, the aerial triangulation calculation is specifically as follows:

[0062] The position and attitude of the camera when it outputs the image are both erroneous. The aerial triangulation calculation aims to minimize the reprojection residual to re-solve the position and attitude of the camera when it is imaging. This process is implemented by software automated calculation. Generally, the image is used to automatically match the heading and lateral image points, and the flight network in the entire area is incorporated into a coordinate system with a unified scale to form a loose regional network. The approximate position of the exterior orientation elements and ground point coordinates of each image is confirmed, and then the error equation and the transformation method equation are established point by point according to the field control points to solve the exterior orientation elements of each image and the ground coordinates of the encrypted points. After obtaining the approximate values ​​of the exterior orientation elements and the ground coordinates of the encrypted points of each image, the collinearity condition equation can be used to list the error equations of the control points and the encrypted points on each image. The following two relationship equations can be listed for each image point.

[0063] In an embodiment of the present invention, step S1 also includes map information and site information collection, and determines the location coordinates of temporary buildings to be arranged according to the actual needs of the construction site, so as to facilitate adding them to the general plan layout later. Temporary buildings include temporary roads, transformers, steel bar processing plants, etc.

[0064] Editing the basic information of the flight mission includes exporting the project acquisition area's planar geographic information as a KMZ format file based on the actual project situation, and then importing it into the route planning software, setting it as the execution mission category for orthophoto acquisition, and setting the flight altitude, flight speed, image acquisition overlap, return point location, and image accuracy GSD information.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, drawing the floor plan in step S3 specifically includes:

[0066] S31, first create a new linear data in the database where the project is located, select Create under the Edit window, select the data layer to be created, select Tracking Line, and track and draw lines according to the data lines provided by the design. In the Tracking option, you can set the tracking length in advance to avoid the building length not being consistent with the design and improve the drawing accuracy of the general plan;

[0067] S32, after creating the building element, open the linear data attribute table, add the building information, add a field in the building attribute, set the field to text, and fill in the linear building data, such as bridge name, type, etc.;

[0068] S33, after the attribute table is added, use the symbol system function to fill the entered data with different colors for easy distinction, and use the annotation function for the part that needs to display the name to display its name. The specific operation is to right-click the annotation attribute, select the field to be annotated in the category, and set the text size and color to be displayed in the symbol bar. The use of the symbol system to distinguish elements specifically includes:

[0069] S331, when entering an element, mark the attribute table of the element. When grading, the elements can be displayed in a graded manner according to different marks. First, the previously entered element will have different paragraphs. It is necessary to add a field to each paragraph. The field can be distinguished according to the actual situation. For example, line elements are divided into bridges, roadbeds, culverts, and access roads, etc., and surface elements are divided into permanent land acquisition and temporary land acquisition.

[0070] S332. After the attributes of the elements are set, classify the features according to the needs. Select the elements to be classified according to the needs. In the symbol system, select the unique value classification, which is applicable to the name class. Classify according to linear elements, such as bridges, roadbeds, and culverts, or classify according to graded colors. This classification is applicable to area and length classes. When selecting color classification in the symbol system, set the upper and lower limits of the graded color range and the symbol color. These data are based on the fields of the element attributes previously entered. Finally, save the classification, and the paragraphs of the same field type or range in the element will be displayed with the same color in the content bar. The color is modified in the color attributes according to the needs.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present invention, basic element extraction is specifically based on engineering coordinates of drawings, which are imported into the Ovi map and then saved as shp format according to different layers. When exporting, they can be set to the required coordinate system and imported into the QGIS software, or these coordinate data are provided on the drawings and can be manually entered into the corresponding GIS software according to the coordinates.

[0072] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process can be rearranged without departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The attached method claims present the elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to be limited to a specific order or hierarchy.

[0074] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. These software codes can be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor. In the latter case, it is coupled to the processor in a communication manner via various means, which are well known in the art.

[0075] The above description includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods for the purpose of describing the above embodiments, but it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments may be further combined and arranged. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims. In addition, with respect to the term "comprising" used in the specification or claims, the word is covered in a manner similar to the term "including", just as "including," is explained as a transitional word in the claims. In addition, any term "or" used in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or".

Claims

1. A method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, data processing and collection, orthophoto acquisition, according to the highway center line provided by the design institute, expand 300m outward, establish an image acquisition area, use shooting equipment to shoot images, and then perform orthophoto processing on the shot data. Orthophotos are established using orthophoto modeling software, and the acquisition results are imported to optimize the design drawings; S2, establish a unified coordinate system, create a new map project in QGIS, and set the map properties to the coordinate system required by the design drawings; S3, draw the elements required for the floor plan, create a new layer in the database where the floor plan is located in the QGIS directory and add elements, create the required surface, line or point data in the editing window, edit the building data information, repeat the operation to add the elements required for drawing the floor plan, and adjust the font size to display it in an appropriate size; S4, set the export size layout, insert the selection line, create a new layout, select the layout according to the size of the floor plan to be exported, adjust the layout direction, select the map frame properties, display the option box, position settings, rotation angle and size direction. After the adjustment is completed, you can add a compass, legend and scale according to your needs, insert the option box, map decoration classification, and after the size layout is set, export drawings and pictures of different formats according to your needs; The drawing system applied to the above method includes an orthophoto acquisition module, an orthophoto production module, a network map information acquisition module, a field information acquisition module, a coordinate system establishment module, a symbol classification module and a database; The orthophoto acquisition module uses a drone to collect data on the construction site; The orthophoto making module uses software to make orthophotos of the collected data and optimizes the drawing data; The network map information collection module crawls the network through OSM data or highway data provided by the local transportation bureau, downloads through the open source OpenStreetMap, and vectorizes the public map; The on-site information acquisition module uses a total station to collect and determine the on-site building coordinates; The coordinate system establishment module uses QGIS software to establish the coordinate system; The symbol classification module uses the symbol system to classify the element data according to different requirements; The database is used to store relevant data of the drawings.

2. A method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image acquisition in step S1 specifically involves using a shooting device to divide the orthophoto acquisition area, editing the basic information of the flight mission, and using an image accuracy GSD of 3.47cm / piexl. After the mission editing is completed, a drone is used for data acquisition; Orthophoto processing specifically involves importing the collected orthophotos and performing aerial triangulation calculations. After the aerial triangulation calculations are completed, the coordinate system used by the object is set to create the orthophoto. The design drawing optimization is specifically based on the construction drawings with a coordinate system provided by the design institute, and the basic elements of the construction plan layout of land acquisition red lines, line directions, bridges and interchanges in the drawings are extracted.

3. A method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S1 also includes collecting map information and on-site information, and determining the location coordinates of the temporary construction required according to the actual needs of the construction site, so as to facilitate adding it to the general plan layout later; Editing the basic information of the flight mission includes exporting the project acquisition area's planar geographic information as a KMZ format file based on the actual project situation, and then importing it into the route planning software, setting it as the execution mission category, and setting the flight altitude, flight speed, image acquisition overlap, return point location, and image accuracy GSD information.

4. A method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS according to claim 1, characterized in that: Drawing the floor plan in step S3 specifically includes: S31, first create a new linear data in the database where the project is located, select Create under the Edit window, select the data layer to be created, select the tracking line, and track and draw the line according to the data line provided by the design; S32, after creating the building element, open the linear data attribute table, add the building information, add a field in the building attribute, set the field to text, and fill in the linear building data; S33, after the attribute table is added, use the symbol system function to fill the entered data with different colors, and use the annotation function to display the name of the part that needs to display the name.

5. A method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S33 of using the symbol system to distinguish the elements specifically includes: S331, when entering an element, mark the attribute table of the element, first mark the previously entered element, the element will have different paragraphs, and it is necessary to add a field to each paragraph. The field can be distinguished according to the actual situation. The surface element is divided into permanent land acquisition and temporary land acquisition; S332. After the attributes of the elements are set, classify the features according to the needs. Select the elements to be classified according to the needs. In the symbol system, select the unique value classification. This classification is applicable to the name class. Classify according to linear elements, or classify according to graded colors. When selecting color classification in the symbol system, set the upper and lower limits of the graded color range and the symbol color. Finally, save the classification. In the content bar, the paragraphs of the same field type or range in the element will be displayed with the same color. The color can be modified in the color properties according to the needs.

6. A method and system for drawing a construction plan layout based on QGIS according to claim 2, characterized in that: The basic element extraction is specifically based on the engineering coordinates of the drawings, which are imported into the Aowei map, and then saved as shp format according to different layers. When exporting, they can be set to the required coordinate system and imported into the QGIS software.

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