Underground structure bottom plate outer waterproof structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground structure bottom plate external waterproof structure and a construction method thereof.The underground structure bottom plate external waterproof structure comprises a foundation, the foundation is located below a structure bottom plate, a concrete cushion layer is arranged on the foundation, a pre-laid anti-adhesion coiled material is laid on the concrete cushion layer, and a fine aggregate concrete protection layer is arranged between the structure bottom plate and the pre-laid anti-adhesion coiled material; by the adoption of the underground structure bottom plate outer waterproof structure and the construction method thereof, the waterproof effect is reliable, and waterproofing of the construction joint is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of underground engineering waterproofing, and in particular relates to an external waterproofing structure of an underground structure bottom plate and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] "Water" is an eternal topic for underground projects. In order to solve the impact of "water" on underground projects, experts and scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research and practice, and put forward a series of technical measures. Among them, the waterproofing system with structural self-waterproofing as the main and external waterproofing as the auxiliary is considered to be the most effective waterproofing method. During the construction and operation of the structure, due to the uneven settlement of the foundation, there is a water channel between the external waterproofing and the structure, which can easily lead to waterproofing failure. For this reason, experts and scholars put forward the "skin-type" waterproofing concept, which requires full adhesion between the waterproof layer and the structure and meets a certain bonding strength. On this basis, a pre-laid reverse-adhesive waterproofing membrane was developed.

[0003] Pre-laid anti-adhesive membranes are found to be very easy to be polluted and damaged in the application of waterproof construction of underground structure base plates. The pollution and damage sources mainly include two aspects. One is the mud and water during construction. Especially in the rainy season, rainwater mixed with foundation pit soil forms mud and water, which pollutes the bonding surface of the pre-laid anti-adhesive membrane, resulting in the membrane and structural concrete not being bonded or the bonding strength is limited, and "skin-type" waterproofing cannot be achieved. Second, most underground structure base plates are not cast in one go, but need to be constructed in sections, which inevitably have construction joints. During the installation and removal of the formwork at the construction joint, the pre-laid anti-adhesive membrane is very easy to be damaged, and during the concrete pouring process in the construction joint area, the cement slurry in the concrete leaks from the gap in the construction joint formwork to the waterproof membrane, polluting the surface of the waterproof membrane, resulting in the waterproof membrane and structural concrete not being bonded or the bonding strength is limited, and the construction joint itself is also a weak point in the waterproofing of the underground structure.

[0004] The utility model patent with publication number CN219992654U disclosed on November 10, 2023, a basement floor water-repellent integrated structure, which includes a floor body, a groove is provided on the top surface of the floor body, water-guiding triangular plates are fixed at equal intervals on the bottom inner wall of the groove, a trapezoidal groove is provided on the bottom inner wall of the floor body and located between the water-guiding triangular plates, a circular groove is provided on the bottom inner wall of the trapezoidal groove, and a drainage pipe is embedded and fixed inside the circular groove. This basement floor water-repellent integrated structure cannot solve the above technical problems either. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure and a construction method thereof, which has a reliable waterproof effect and can achieve waterproofing of construction joints, in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The underground structure bottom plate external waterproof structure comprises a foundation, wherein the foundation is located below the structure bottom plate, a concrete cushion layer is provided on the foundation, a pre-laid reverse-adhesive coil is laid on the concrete cushion layer, and a fine stone concrete protective layer is provided between the structure bottom plate and the pre-laid reverse-adhesive coil.

[0008] Pre-buried steel bars are connected between the fine stone concrete protective layer and the structural bottom plate, and two ends of the pre-buried steel bars extend into the fine stone concrete protective layer and the structural bottom plate respectively.

[0009] A construction joint is arranged between the structural bottom plates, a cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof layer is arranged between the fine stone concrete protective layer and the structural bottom plate, and the cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof layer is located at the bottom of the construction joint.

[0010] A self-adhesive coiled material is arranged between the concrete cushion layer and the pre-laid reverse-adhesive coiled material, and the bonding surface of the self-adhesive coiled material faces upward.

[0011] The embedded steel bars are U-shaped hook bars.

[0012] The embedded steel bars are arranged at equal intervals.

[0013] The construction joint corresponds to the middle part of the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer.

[0014] The thickness of the concrete cushion layer is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the fine stone concrete protective layer is 5 cm.

[0015] The construction method of the underground structure bottom plate outer waterproof structure comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Excavate the foundation pit of the underground structure to the bottom, conduct a base inspection, and pour the cushion concrete after passing the inspection;

[0017] Step 2: Carry out detailed waterproofing construction of the structural base;

[0018] Step 3: Lay the self-adhesive membrane on the concrete cushion with the adhesive surface facing upwards;

[0019] Step 4: Lay the pre-laid anti-adhesive coiled material on the self-adhesive coiled material, with the inorganic particle anti-adhesive protective surface facing upward. When laying the pre-laid anti-adhesive coiled material, tear off the surface isolation film of the self-adhesive coiled material simultaneously, so that the self-adhesive coiled material and the pre-laid anti-adhesive coiled material are fully adhered;

[0020] Step 5: Pour a fine stone concrete protective layer, embed steel bars in advance, and apply cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof material on the fine stone concrete protective layer;

[0021] Step 6: Construct the underground structure base plate according to normal procedures.

[0022] The technical effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. A fine stone concrete protective layer is laid on the pre-laid reverse-bonding membrane to avoid damage to the waterproof membrane during construction and ensure the reliability of waterproof quality. At the same time, the fine stone concrete protective layer and the structural bottom plate are connected into a whole using pre-buried steel bars to avoid the formation of a water channel between the waterproof layer and the structure due to uneven foundation settlement. The structural layers of the outsourcing waterproofing can be tightly bonded into a whole and fully bonded, which conforms to the "skin-type" waterproofing concept and the design of the scheme is reasonable.

[0024] 2. At the construction joints of the underground structure floor where the waterproofing is weak, cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof material is applied on the surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer on both sides of the construction joints, which improves the compactness between the fine stone concrete and the underground structure floor concrete and strengthens the waterproofing of the construction joints. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] This specification includes the following drawings, which show the following contents:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the outer waterproof structure of the underground structure bottom plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure at the construction joint of the present invention.

[0028] The markings in the figure are: 1. Foundation; 2. Concrete cushion layer; 3. Self-adhesive membrane; 4. Pre-laid anti-adhesive membrane; 5. Fine stone concrete protective layer; 6. Structural base plate; 7. Embedded steel bars; 8. Construction joint; 9. Cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are further explained in detail below by describing the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, with the aim of helping those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention and facilitating their implementation.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the external waterproof structure of the underground structure bottom plate includes a foundation 1, which is located below the structural bottom plate 6. A concrete cushion layer 2 is provided on the foundation 1, and a pre-laid anti-adhesive membrane 4 is laid on the concrete cushion layer 2. A fine stone concrete protective layer 5 is provided between the structural bottom plate 6 and the pre-laid anti-adhesive membrane 4.

[0031] The concrete cushion layer 2 can effectively disperse and transfer the load of the upper structure to the foundation soil, and by increasing the contact area, reduce the unit pressure on the soil, thereby reducing the risk of foundation 1 settlement and ensuring the stability of the building; the concrete cushion layer 2 can also effectively prevent the penetration of groundwater or surface water, play a waterproof role, and protect the foundation and structure of the building. The pre-laid reverse-adhesive membrane 4 has a high bonding strength, which makes the waterproof layer and the structure fully bonded, achieving a reliable waterproof effect. The fine stone concrete protective layer 5 prevents mud and water from contaminating the bonding surface of the pre-laid reverse-adhesive membrane 4, avoids damage to the waterproof membrane during construction, and ensures the reliability of waterproof quality.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, embedded steel bars 7 are connected between the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6, and the two ends of the embedded steel bars 7 extend into the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6 respectively. The embedded steel bars 7 connect the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6 into a whole, so that the waterproofing membrane, fine stone concrete and the underground structural bottom plate 6 will not be emptied for uneven settlement of the foundation 1, and the generation of water channels between the waterproof structure and the bottom of the structure is reduced, while ensuring that the waterproofing membrane below is fully adhered, and ensuring reliable waterproofing effect.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a construction joint 8 is provided between the structural bottom plates 6, and a cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9 is provided between the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6, and the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9 is located at the bottom of the construction joint 8. Since the construction process of the structural bottom plate 6 is a segmented construction, there is a construction joint 8 between the structural bottom plates 6. Through the use of the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9, the compactness between the fine stone concrete and the concrete of the underground structural bottom plate 6 is improved, and the cement slurry in the concrete is prevented from leaking from the gap of the template of the construction joint 8 to the pre-laid anti-adhesive roll 4, so as to meet the waterproof requirements at the construction joint 8. The cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9 has reliable waterproof performance, can penetrate into the concrete structure to form permeable crystals, block the construction joint 8, and can also play a role in crack resistance and seepage resistance on the base surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5, providing a double waterproof protection effect. The cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9 also has self-repairing ability, making the concrete structure more durable and extending the service life of the structural bottom plate 6. In addition, the construction of the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9 is simple, and there is no need to level the base surface, and there is no need to make a protective layer after the construction is completed, which greatly saves construction time and cost.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a self-adhesive roll 3 is provided between the concrete cushion layer 2 and the pre-laid reverse adhesive roll 4, and the adhesive surface of the self-adhesive roll 3 faces upward. The self-adhesive roll 3 is easy to construct, and does not require the use of adhesives or heating to melt. It can be firmly bonded to the base layer by simply tearing off the isolation layer, which greatly saves construction time and labor costs; the self-adhesive roll 3 has strong adhesion, so that the self-adhesive roll 3 can still maintain the waterproof effect when facing the settlement deformation and cracking of the foundation 1. For waterproof structures with a waterproof grade of level 2, the use of the self-adhesive roll 3 can be eliminated.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the embedded steel bar 7 is a U-shaped hook bar. Using the U-shaped hook bar as the embedded steel bar 7 can form a horizontal and vertical connection with the concrete, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of stress between the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6, and improves the bonding between the two, so that the overall waterproof structure can withstand a larger load.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the embedded steel bars 7 are arranged at equal intervals. The evenly distributed embedded steel bars 7 improve the integrity of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the construction joint 8 corresponds to the middle of the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer 9. The above structure makes both sides of the construction joint 8 have a waterproof effect, further improving the overall waterproof performance.

[0038] The thickness of the concrete cushion layer 2 is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 is 5 cm.

[0039] The construction method of the underground structure bottom plate outer waterproof structure comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Excavate the foundation pit of the underground structure to the bottom, conduct a base inspection, and pour the cushion concrete after passing the inspection;

[0041] Step 2: Carry out detailed waterproofing construction of the structural base plate 6;

[0042] Step 3: Lay the self-adhesive membrane 3 on the concrete cushion 2, with the adhesive surface facing upwards;

[0043] Step 4: Lay the pre-laid anti-adhesive coil 4 on the self-adhesive coil 3, with the inorganic particles anti-adhesive protective surface facing upward. When laying the pre-laid anti-adhesive coil 4, tear off the surface isolation film of the self-adhesive coil 3 simultaneously, so that the self-adhesive coil 3 and the pre-laid anti-adhesive coil 4 are fully adhered;

[0044] Step 5: pouring a fine stone concrete protective layer 5, and pre-embedding steel bars 7, and applying cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof material on the fine stone concrete protective layer 5;

[0045] Step 6: Construct the underground structure base plate 6 according to normal procedures.

[0046] Embodiment: The waterproofing of the underground structure bottom plate 6 adopts the outer waterproofing and inner pasting process, and solves the problem that the use of waterproof coating is not suitable for the outer waterproofing of the underground structure bottom plate 6 by using waterproof coiled material.

[0047] The waterproof structure outside the base plate of the underground structure is composed of foundation 1, 10-15cm concrete cushion layer 2, self-adhesive membrane 3 (adhesive surface facing up, fully adhered to pre-laid reverse adhesive membrane 4, this layer can be cancelled for waterproof structure with waterproof grade 2), pre-laid reverse adhesive membrane 4 (inorganic particle anti-adhesive protection surface facing up), 5cm fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and structural base plate 6. At the construction joint 8 of the base plate 6 of the underground structure, the surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 within the range of 0.5 to 1m on both sides of the construction joint is coated with cement-based penetrating crystallization to strengthen the waterproofing of the construction joint 8.

[0048] In order to improve the integrity of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural bottom plate 6, the two are connected into a whole by embedded steel bars 7; in order to improve the integrity of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5, a layer of anti-cracking steel mesh is arranged in the fine stone concrete, and the blocks are divided into 6-15m, and false joints are set between the blocks. The false joints are about 1cm wide and 2-4cm deep, and modified asphalt is used for filling.

[0049] The construction of the waterproof structure outside the underground structure bottom plate specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Excavate the foundation pit of the underground structure to the bottom, conduct a base trench inspection, and pour the cushion layer concrete after passing the inspection.

[0051] Step 2: Carry out detailed waterproofing construction of the base plate, such as pile head waterproofing.

[0052] Step 3: Lay the first layer of waterproofing membrane, which is a self-adhesive membrane 3, with the adhesive surface facing upwards, and the surface isolation film is not removed temporarily. For waterproof structures with waterproof grade 2, this layer can be omitted.

[0053] Step 4: Lay the second layer of waterproofing membrane, which is a pre-laid reverse-adhesive membrane 4 with the inorganic particles anti-adhesive protection facing upward. When laying the second layer of waterproofing membrane, tear off the surface isolation film of the first membrane at the same time, so that the first and second membranes are fully adhered together.

[0054] Step 5: Pour a 5cm fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and embed hook steel bars. The fine stone concrete protective layer 5 is a reinforced concrete structure. A layer of anti-cracking steel mesh is configured in the fine stone concrete, and it is divided into blocks of 6-15m, and false joints are set between the blocks. The false joint is about 1cm wide and 2-4cm deep, and modified asphalt is used for filling. The false joint position avoids the construction joint 8 of the underground structure bottom plate 6. For the 0.5-1m range on both sides of the construction joint 8 of the underground structure bottom plate 6, apply cement-based penetrating crystallization on the fine stone concrete protective layer 5.

[0055] Step 6: Construct the underground structure base plate 6 according to normal procedures.

[0056] The outer waterproof structure of the underground structure floor is provided with a fine stone concrete protective layer 5 on the pre-laid reverse adhesive membrane 4, thereby avoiding damage to the waterproof membrane during the construction process and ensuring the reliability of waterproof quality. At the same time, the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 and the structural floor 6 are connected into a whole by pre-buried steel bars 7 to avoid the formation of a water channel between the waterproof layer and the structure due to uneven settlement of the foundation 1. The various structural layers of the outer waterproof can be tightly bonded into a whole and fully bonded, which conforms to the "skin-type" waterproof concept and has a reasonable design. The outer waterproof structure of the underground structure floor is coated with cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof material on the surface of the fine stone concrete protective layer 5 on both sides of the construction joint 8 of the underground structure floor 6 where the waterproofing is weak, thereby improving the compactness between the fine stone concrete and the concrete of the underground structure floor 6 and strengthening the waterproofing of the construction joint 8.

[0057] The present invention is described above by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned methods. As long as various non-substantial improvements are made using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention; or the above-mentioned concept and technical solution of the present invention are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underground structure bottom plate external waterproof structure, comprising a foundation (1), wherein the foundation (1) is located below the structure bottom plate (6), and is characterized in that: A concrete cushion layer (2) is provided on the foundation (1), a pre-laid reverse-adhesive coiled material (4) is laid on the concrete cushion layer (2), and a fine stone concrete protective layer (5) is provided between the structural base plate (6) and the pre-laid reverse-adhesive coiled material (4).

2. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pre-buried steel bars (7) are connected between the fine-stone concrete protective layer (5) and the structural bottom plate (6), and two ends of the pre-buried steel bars (7) extend into the fine-stone concrete protective layer (5) and the structural bottom plate (6) respectively.

3. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A construction joint (8) is provided between the structural base plates (6), a cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer (9) is provided between the fine stone concrete protective layer (5) and the structural base plate (6), and the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer (9) is located at the bottom of the construction joint (8).

4. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A self-adhesive coiled material (3) is provided between the concrete cushion layer (2) and the pre-laid reverse-adhesive coiled material (4), and the adhesive surface of the self-adhesive coiled material (3) faces upward.

5. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The embedded steel bar (7) is a U-shaped hook bar.

6. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The embedded steel bars (7) are arranged at equal intervals.

7. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The construction joint (8) corresponds to the middle of the cement-based permeable crystallization waterproof layer (9).

8. The underground structure bottom slab external waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the concrete cushion layer (2) is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the fine stone concrete protective layer (5) is 5 cm.

9. A construction method for an external waterproof structure of an underground structure bottom plate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Excavate the foundation pit of the underground structure to the bottom, conduct a base inspection, and pour the cushion concrete after passing the inspection; Step 2: Carry out detailed waterproofing construction of the structural base plate (6); Step 3: Lay the self-adhesive membrane (3) on the concrete cushion layer (2) with the adhesive surface facing upwards; Step 4: laying the pre-laid anti-adhesive coiled material (4) on the self-adhesive coiled material (3), with the inorganic particles anti-adhesive protective surface facing upwards. When laying the pre-laid anti-adhesive coiled material (4), the surface isolation film of the self-adhesive coiled material (3) is simultaneously torn off, so that the self-adhesive coiled material (3) and the pre-laid anti-adhesive coiled material (4) are fully adhered; Step 5: pouring a fine stone concrete protective layer (5), pre-embedded steel bars (7), and applying cement-based penetrating crystallization waterproof material on the fine stone concrete protective layer (5); Step 6: Construct the underground structure base plate (6) according to normal procedures.

Images