Construction method for synchronous operation of vertical shaft lining and transverse channel excavation

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for synchronous operation of vertical shaft lining and transverse channel excavation. The construction method comprises the following steps: carrying out shaft lining construction by adopting an integral lifting type cantilever template construction process, sequentially carrying out construction from bottom to top, carrying out lining circulation every 3 meters, chiseling away a shaft primary support structure at a transverse passage horsehead manually when the shaft lining construction is carried out to the position above the transverse passage horsehead, and after the construction of the primary support structure at the horsehead is completed, carrying out construction on the primary support structure at the transverse passage horsehead. A carbon dioxide blasting construction method is adopted for transverse channel excavation supporting construction; when a vertical shaft lining is constructed, a transportation channel of 3.5 m * 10 m is reserved in the middle of the vertical shaft and serves as a slag discharging and material transporting channel and a material and equipment hoisting construction channel when a transverse channel is excavated; during carbon dioxide blasting construction of the transverse channel, the blasting vibration speed is controlled to be within 0.5 cm / s when excavation construction is conducted by 0.5 m every cycle, and the influence of blasting vibration on a vertical shaft lining structure is avoided. The advantages of the two construction processes are complementary, parallel operation of the two working procedures can be met, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction cost can be saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and transverse channel excavation, belonging to the technical field of dark excavation construction. Background Art

[0002] At present, major cities are accelerating the construction of rail transit. Rail transit passing through urban areas is mainly carried out by underground excavation. The underground excavation stations and sections must be organized through vertical shafts and cross passages. In traditional construction methods, it is generally required that the vertical shaft excavation, initial support and secondary lining construction are all completed before the cross passage can be constructed. The main reason is that the opening of the cross passage horse head gate in the vertical shaft involves the system conversion of the stratum force and the primary support (secondary lining) structure force, which is the weak link of the underground excavation construction. In addition, the construction location is in the urban area. When there are slight unfavorable factors in the stratum at the construction site, it is easy to cause safety risks such as collapse. However, this traditional construction method has a long construction time and high construction cost, which is not conducive to saving construction period and reducing construction costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method which can realize the synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation, which can meet the parallel operation of the two processes, save construction time and construction cost.

[0004] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation, characterized in that: the shaft lining is constructed by an integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process, and when the shaft lining is constructed above the horizontal channel horse head gate, the initial support structure of the shaft at the horizontal channel horse head gate is manually chiseled out, and after the initial support structure at the horse head gate is completed, the horizontal channel excavation support construction is carried out by a carbon dioxide blasting construction method;

[0005] During the shaft lining construction, the integral lifting cantilever formwork is set up along the shaft circumference close to the second lining surface of the shaft side wall, and a 3.5m×10m transportation channel is reserved in the middle of the shaft as a slag and material transportation channel and a material and equipment lifting construction channel during the excavation of the cross channel; when the integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process is used for shaft lining construction, construction is carried out from bottom to top, with a lining cycle every 3 meters; the standard climbing process of the cantilever formwork is: when the first concrete pouring, the embedded parts are fixed on the formwork to close the mold; when the second concrete pouring, the formwork bracket is used, and the embedded part support is first fixed on the embedded part embedded in the first pouring, and then Hang the cantilever formwork support on the embedded parts support, then lift the disassembled first-layer cantilever formwork as a whole and install it on the hung formwork support; when pouring concrete for the third time, lift the disassembled cantilever formwork used for the previous concrete pouring as a whole and hang it on the embedded parts embedded in the previous concrete pouring in the same way as the formwork construction method used for the second concrete pouring, and install a hanging platform at the bottom of the formwork support, so that workers can stand on the hanging platform to remove the embedded parts, and then use mortar to repair the holes left after the embedded parts are removed; the second lifting is standard lifting, and the subsequent lifting is the same as the second lifting until the concrete pouring is completed;

[0006] During the carbon dioxide blasting construction of the cross channel, 0.5m of excavation was carried out in each cycle, and the blasting vibration speed was controlled within 0.5cm / s to avoid the impact of blasting vibration on the shaft lining structure.

[0007] In the present invention, an integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process is adopted during the construction of the shaft lining. The formwork is close to the second lining surface of the shaft side wall, and a certain space is reserved in the middle as a slag material transportation channel for excavating the transverse channel, which is convenient for lifting slag and material equipment during the excavation of the transverse channel, and can create construction conditions for the synchronous construction of the transverse channel. During the construction of the transverse channel, the carbon dioxide blasting method is adopted. There is no destructive vibration and short wave during the blasting process. By controlling the blasting vibration speed, the blasting vibration can be effectively avoided from affecting the shaft lining structure, ensuring the synchronous and safe construction of the two processes.

[0008] Furthermore, to ensure construction safety, a 1.5m high fixed guardrail with a spacing of 1m is set at the edge of the reserved channel, and the facade is closed with a dense mesh.

[0009] Furthermore, the fracturing device used in the carbon dioxide blasting is a Φ53 steel pipe with a length of 1.2m; the arrangement of the drilling and blasting holes is as follows: two rows of 6 first-level slots are set in the middle of the section, the spacing between the two rows of first-level slots is 1m, the spacing between the first-level slots in each row is 0.6m, the depth of the second-level slots is 1m, and the first-level slots are set at an angle of 60 degrees to the center; a row of second-level slots is set at 0.6m outside the two rows of first-level slots, each row of second-level slots is .... The row includes 3 secondary groove holes with a spacing of 0.6m. The depth of the secondary groove holes is 1m, and the secondary grooves are set at an angle of 70 degrees to the center. Several auxiliary holes are drilled around the two-level groove holes, and the hole spacing of the auxiliary holes is 1m. Several peripheral holes are drilled around the auxiliary holes, and the hole spacing of the peripheral holes is 0.4m. The hole depths of the auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are both 0.8m. When detonating, the primary groove holes, secondary groove holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes are detonated in sequence.

[0010] Furthermore, an excavator and a hydraulic hammer were used to chisel out a 1m wide and 1m deep groove on the face of the cross channel to provide an open surface for carbon dioxide blasting.

[0011] Furthermore, all the fracturing devices are connected by steel wire ropes, which are fixed on the steel quilt to prevent the fracturing devices from running around during blasting.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention adopts an integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process for shaft lining construction, and adopts a carbon dioxide blasting construction method for transverse channel excavation and support construction. The two main construction processes can give play to their respective process advantages, can achieve complementary advantages, and have mutual applicability. The integral lifting cantilever formwork process, the cantilever formwork system has its own lining construction work platform to reduce space occupancy, and the reserved space in the middle can provide a construction channel for the transportation of materials and slag for transverse channel excavation, creating construction conditions for the synchronous construction of the transverse channel; the carbon dioxide blasting process is used to construct the transverse channel, and there is no destructive vibration and short wave during the blasting process. By controlling the blasting shock velocity, the impact of blasting construction on shaft lining construction can be effectively reduced, ensuring the synchronous construction of the two processes. The two construction processes realize the synchronous and parallel operation of lining and excavation, which can greatly speed up the construction speed and shorten the construction period.

[0013] 2. Synchronous construction of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation: The present invention adopts an integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process for shaft lining construction. The cantilever formwork construction only occupies the internal edge space of the shaft, which can meet the synchronous construction of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation, greatly saving construction period and accelerating construction progress.

[0014] 3. Achieve good economic and social benefits: The economic cost of using carbon dioxide blasting is lower than the conventional construction method using explosives, and the whole system can be reused, which effectively reduces the cost; compared with the fastener-type full-floor support frame + wood plywood formwork system, the cantilever formwork is simple and quick to construct, which can shorten the construction period and save construction costs. According to estimates, it can save about 323,000 yuan in costs and 32 days in construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plane layout of the integral lifting cantilever formwork in the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of part A;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic elevation diagram during shaft lining construction;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the integral lifting cantilever formwork in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the integral lifting cantilever formwork of the present invention after being assembled in one piece;

[0020] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the operation of the integral lifting cantilever formwork in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 It is a drilling and blasting hole arrangement diagram during carbon dioxide blasting construction in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the carbon dioxide blasting system;

[0023] In the figure, 1. formwork, 2. main back rib, 3. fine-tuning device, 4. embedded parts, 5. main beam tripod, 6. diagonal brace, 7. cantilever beam, 8. hanging platform, 9. guardrail, 10. guardrail, 11. close-mesh net, 12. horse head door of horizontal passage, 13. pin hole, 14. connecting frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below by way of non-limiting embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0025] A construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and transverse channel excavation, wherein the shaft lining adopts an integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process, and the transverse channel excavation adopts a carbon dioxide blasting construction method.

[0026] The integral lifting cantilever formwork used in the integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process is an existing technology, and its structure can refer to the integral lifting cantilever formwork device in the Chinese invention patent application with document number CN109869153A. Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the integral lifting cantilever formwork mainly includes a formwork 1 and a formwork support. Two main back ribs 2 made of double-jointed channel steel are arranged at the rear of the formwork 1 of each cantilever formwork, and the main back ribs 2 are detachably connected to the formwork 1 through a connecting piece. Each cantilever formwork is supported by two main beam tripods 5 as formwork supports. The main beam tripod 5 is a right-angle tripod made of section steel. Two embedded parts 4 are detachably connected to the inner upper part of the formwork 1. The lower end of the main back rib 2 is detachably connected to the corresponding upper end of the main beam tripod 5 through a fine-tuning device 3. The fine-tuning device 3 includes a connecting frame 14 connected to the lower end of the main back rib 2 and a plurality of pin holes 13 arranged on the main beam tripod 5. The connecting frame 14 is connected to the pin holes 13 on the main beam tripod 5 through a pin shaft. A length-adjustable diagonal brace 6 is connected between the main beam tripod 5 and the main back rib 2. The diagonal brace 6 adopts a structure of threaded rod and screw barrel. By adjusting the length of the diagonal brace 6, the angle and verticality of the formwork can be adjusted. A hanging connection point that can cooperate with the embedded parts 4 is provided at the upper end of each main beam tripod 5 near the template. A cantilever beam 7 is connected to the rear of the upper end of each main back rib 2, and a table is laid on the upper part of the cantilever beam 7 as an upper operating platform. A table is laid between the two main beam tripods 5 to form a tripod platform. Construction personnel can perform concrete pouring construction on the upper operating platform, and can perform construction operations such as template installation and adjustment on the tripod platform. A hanging platform 8 can be connected to the lower part of the main beam tripod 5, and construction personnel can perform operations such as removing embedded parts and repairing holes left after the embedded parts are removed in the hanging platform 8.

[0027] During the shaft lining construction, construction is carried out from bottom to top, with a lining cycle every 3 meters. The integral lifting cantilever formwork is set along the circumference of the shaft close to the second lining surface of the shaft side wall. A 3.5m×10m transportation channel is reserved in the middle of the shaft, which serves as a slag and material transportation channel and a material and equipment lifting construction channel when the cross channel is excavated. A 1.5m high fixed guardrail is set at the edge of the reserved channel with a spacing of 1m. The facade is closed with a dense mesh, and relevant safety warning signs are hung. When installing the cantilever formwork, ① assemble the tripod platform, use the gantry crane to lift the frame as a whole, hang it steadily on the embedded parts embedded in advance, insert the safety pin and fix it with a hairpin; ② assemble the truss, frame and main platform: first place two wooden beams, then install the formwork 1 on the wooden beams, install the formwork back ribs, diagonal braces and cantilever frame in turn; install the back rib fasteners; use steel pipe fasteners to firmly connect the cantilever frame, and install diagonal steel pipes at the same time; ③ lift the assembled frame as a whole, install it on the hung main beam tripod 5, use the diagonal braces to adjust the angle, calibrate the formwork, and complete the lifting process.

[0028] The standard climbing process of the cantilever formwork is as follows: the climbing process is divided into three steps: the first step: when pouring concrete for the first time, fix the embedded parts on the formwork and close the mold; the second step: when pouring concrete for the second time, start using the formwork bracket, first fix the embedded part support on the embedded part 4 embedded during the first pouring, and then hang the assembled tripod platform on the embedded part support, and then lift the disassembled first-layer cantilever formwork as a whole and install it on the hung tripod platform; the third step, when pouring concrete for the third time, lift the disassembled cantilever formwork used for the previous concrete pouring as a whole and hang it on the embedded parts embedded during the previous concrete pouring using the formwork construction method during the second concrete pouring, and install a hanging platform at the bottom of the formwork bracket, workers can stand on the hanging platform to remove the embedded parts, and then use mortar to repair the holes left after the embedded parts are removed; the second lifting is the standard lifting, and the subsequent lifting is the same as the second lifting until the concrete pouring is completed.

[0029] When the shaft lining construction reaches above the horse head gate of the horizontal passage, the primary support structure of the shaft at the horse head gate of the horizontal passage is manually chiseled out. After the primary support structure at the horse head gate is completed, the carbon dioxide blasting construction method is used to carry out the excavation and support construction of the horizontal passage. During the carbon dioxide blasting construction, each cycle of excavation construction is 0.5m, and the blasting vibration speed is controlled within 0.5cm / s to avoid the impact of blasting vibration on the shaft lining structure. Before each carbon dioxide blasting of the horizontal passage, the shaft lining workers are evacuated to a safe position above the shaft. After the blasting is completed and ventilation is carried out, the shaft secondary lining workers can enter the shaft for lining operations.

[0030] Carbon dioxide blasting is a technique that utilizes the principle that liquid carbon dioxide absorbs heat, vaporizes and expands, causing the pressure in a sealed pressure vessel to rise rapidly. When the target pressure is reached, high-pressure gas is released instantly to break rocks and cause fractures. This is an existing technology, and its principle is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 8 shown.

[0031] Carbon dioxide blasting construction mainly includes:

[0032] (1) Preparation

[0033] Before assembling the carbon dioxide fracturing device, prepare the accessories and materials of the fracturing device in place; prepare enough liquid carbon dioxide and store it in a carbon dioxide storage tank, and use a special carbon dioxide high-pressure filling device to fill the carbon dioxide into the fracturing device.

[0034] (2) Assembly, disassembly and inflation

[0035] ① Assembly and disassembly: hook the wire of the heating device with a wire and pull the wire to make the wire extend from the other end of the liquid storage tube; install the shearing piece and the sealing ring in place and connect them with the wire of the heating device. Then pull out the heating device so that the shearing piece is completely inserted into the liquid storage tube; tighten the release head and the filling head, and test the resistance of the cracker.

[0036] ② Inflation: Empty the carbon dioxide gas in the fracturing device to be filled; use the filling machine to repeatedly fill the exhausted gas three times to wash the pipe; finally, use the filling machine to fill the fracturing device with carbon dioxide gas; test the sealing of the filling head and release head of the fracturing device.

[0037] (3) Equipment transportation

[0038] ① In the present invention, the fracturing device used is a Φ53mm steel pipe with a length of 1.2m and a mass of about 25Kg after being filled with liquid carbon dioxide. The fracturing device is made of high-quality imported steel, is strong and durable, and can be reused 4000 times. In addition to connecting the circuit to start the blasting, bumps, collisions, and high temperatures will not damage the device.

[0039] ② After the fracturing device is filled with liquid carbon dioxide in the operating room, the construction personnel will use a gantry crane to hoist the fracturing device into the construction cross channel in advance.

[0040] (4) Drilling

[0041] In order to ensure the blasting effect and reduce the impact on the shaft lining construction during blasting, the arrangement of the drill holes in the present invention is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the arrangement of the drilling and blasting holes is as follows: two rows of 6 first-level grooved holes are drilled in the middle of the section, the spacing between the two rows of first-level grooved holes is 1m, the spacing between the first-level grooved holes in each row is 0.6m, the hole depth of the first-level grooved holes is 0.9m-1m, preferably the hole depth is 1m, and the first-level grooved holes are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees to the center; a row of second-level grooved holes is drilled at 0.6m outside the two rows of first-level grooved holes, each row includes 3 second-level grooved holes with a spacing of 0.6m, the hole depth of the second-level grooved holes is 0.9m-1m, preferably the hole depth is 1m, and the second-level grooves are arranged at an angle of 70 degrees to the center; a number of auxiliary holes are drilled around the two-level grooved holes, the hole spacing of the auxiliary holes is 1m, and a number of peripheral holes are drilled on the periphery of the auxiliary holes, the hole spacing of the peripheral holes is 0.4m; the hole depths of the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are both 0.8m. The first-level cutout hole, the second-level cutout hole, the auxiliary hole and the peripheral hole are sequentially detonated during detonation. The blasting hole in the present invention is shallower than the conventional blasting hole, which can effectively prevent the damage or interference to the surrounding structure during blasting and reduce the vibration effect of blasting construction on the cantilever formwork construction.

[0042] During the construction process, the quality of carbon dioxide blasting can also be ensured by artificially making an open face. That is, by using an excavator and an oil hammer, a groove about 1m wide and 1m deep is chiseled on the face of the cross channel to provide an open face for carbon dioxide blasting, and the blasthole setting angle can be controlled at 30 degrees.

[0043] (5) Installation and detonation of the cracker

[0044] ① After drilling, the cracker is installed manually, and the cracker is installed in different hole positions according to the segment division. The installation order is slot hole-auxiliary hole-peripheral hole; 0.3㎡-0.5㎡ aluminum core wire is used to connect the positive and negative poles of the cracker, and the crackers are connected in series, and then connected to the detonator; 6×19 steel wire rope is used to connect each cracker, and the steel wire rope is fixed on the steel gun blanket to prevent the cracker from running around during blasting; all crackers are connected in series with wires according to the power of the detonator.

[0045] ② Before detonation, professional technicians shall conduct resistance test on the connected detonation network, and the detonation process can be carried out after verification. Detonation uses a special detonator to excite the heating rod through current. First, connect the positive and negative poles of the connecting wire to the positive and negative poles of the detonator, then charge the detonator, and finally detonate.

[0046] In the present invention, the vertical shaft lining adopts the integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process, and the horizontal channel excavation adopts the carbon dioxide blasting construction process. The two construction processes complement each other and are applicable to each other. The construction is safe and meets the needs of parallel operation of the two processes. It can greatly speed up the construction progress, avoid the loss of construction period, and save construction costs.

[0047] The other parts of this embodiment are all prior art and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation, characterized in that: The vertical shaft lining construction is carried out by using the integral lifting cantilever formwork construction technology. When the vertical shaft lining construction reaches the top of the horizontal passage horse head gate, the primary support structure of the vertical shaft at the horizontal passage horse head gate is manually chiseled out. After the primary support structure at the horse head gate is completed, the carbon dioxide blasting construction method is used to carry out the horizontal passage excavation and support construction; During the shaft lining construction, the integral lifting cantilever formwork is set up along the shaft circumference close to the second lining surface of the shaft side wall, and a 3.5m×10m transportation channel is reserved in the middle of the shaft as a slag and material transportation channel and a material and equipment lifting construction channel during the excavation of the cross channel; when the integral lifting cantilever formwork construction process is used for shaft lining construction, construction is carried out from bottom to top, with a lining cycle every 3 meters; the standard climbing process of the cantilever formwork is: when the first concrete pouring, the embedded parts are fixed on the formwork to close the mold; when the second concrete pouring, the formwork bracket is used, and the embedded part support is first fixed on the embedded part embedded in the first pouring, and then Hang the cantilever formwork support on the embedded parts support, then lift the disassembled first-layer cantilever formwork as a whole and install it on the hung formwork support; when pouring concrete for the third time, lift the disassembled cantilever formwork used for the previous concrete pouring as a whole and hang it on the embedded parts embedded in the previous concrete pouring in the same way as the formwork construction method used for the second concrete pouring, and install a hanging platform at the bottom of the formwork support, so that workers can stand on the hanging platform to remove the embedded parts, and then use mortar to repair the holes left after the embedded parts are removed; the second lifting is standard lifting, and the subsequent lifting is the same as the second lifting until the concrete pouring is completed; During the carbon dioxide blasting construction of the cross channel, 0.5m of excavation was carried out in each cycle, and the blasting vibration speed was controlled within 0.5cm / s to avoid the impact of blasting vibration on the shaft lining structure.

2. The construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation according to claim 1 is characterized by: A 1.5m high fixed guardrail with a spacing of 1m is set at the edge of the reserved channel, and the outer facade is closed with a dense mesh.

3. The construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: carbon dioxide The fracture device used for blasting is a Φ53 steel pipe with a length of 1.2m; the arrangement of drilling and blasting holes: two rows of 6 first-level grooved holes are drilled in the middle of the section, the spacing between the two rows of first-level grooved holes is 1m, the spacing between the first-level grooved holes in each row is 0.6m, the hole depth of the second-level grooved holes is 1m, and the first-level grooved holes are set at 60 degrees to the center; a row of second-level grooved holes is drilled 0.6m outside the two rows of first-level grooved holes, each row includes 3 second-level grooved holes with a spacing of 0.6m, the hole depth of the second-level grooved holes is 1m, and the second-level grooves are set at 70 degrees to the center; a number of auxiliary holes are drilled around the two-level grooved holes, the hole spacing of the auxiliary holes is 1m, and a number of peripheral holes are drilled around the auxiliary holes, the hole spacing of the peripheral holes is 0.4m; the hole depths of the auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are both 0.8m; when detonating, the first-level grooved holes, second-level grooved holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes are detonated in sequence.

4. The construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation according to claim 3 is characterized by: An excavator and a hydraulic hammer were used to chisel a 1m wide and 1m deep trench on the face of the cross channel to provide an open surface for carbon dioxide blasting.

5. The construction method for synchronous operation of shaft lining and horizontal channel excavation according to claim 3 is characterized by: All the fracturers are connected by steel wire ropes, which are fixed on the steel quilt to prevent the fracturers from running around during blasting.

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