Device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in hole and use method thereof

Abstract

According to the device for transmitting and receiving the seismic signals in the hole and the using method of the device, the seismic wave signals are excited in the working face drill hole, the seismic wave signals are received in the surrounding rock drill hole, and seismic signal data with the high signal-to-noise ratio can be collected; and the seismic waves are excited and collected in the drill hole, so that the requirement on the seismic exploration working space is low, and the operation is simple and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and in particular relates to a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole and a method of using the device. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] At present, tunnel construction is also facing an increasingly complex geological environment. During the construction process, it is easy to encounter adverse geological conditions such as faults, broken zones, composite strata, isolated rocks, karst, etc., which in turn induce landslides, sudden water and mud bursts, machine jams and other disasters and accidents, causing economic losses to people and adverse social impacts.

[0004] When faced with adverse geological conditions such as fault fracture zones and weak surrounding rocks, the tunnel seismic wave reflection method is currently the most widely used advanced detection method. This method stands out for its excellent long-distance detection capability and high sensitivity to geological interfaces, and is widely used in many engineering projects. At present, the commonly used tunnel seismic wave method mainly excites and receives seismic waves on the side walls of the tunnel, and has relatively high requirements for the environment in the tunnel. When there is a lot of noise in the tunnel, the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic waves received on the side walls of the tunnel is relatively poor. In addition, the full-face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) has significant advantages such as "fast excavation speed, high tunnel quality, safety and environmental protection". It has been increasingly widely used in actual engineering and has gradually become the first choice for tunnel construction. However, conventional tunnel seismic wave methods are difficult to be effectively applied in TBM tunnels. TBM tunnels are densely equipped with small available space, and seismic wave excitation operations and equipment installation are inconvenient; the tunnel surrounding rock is covered by a shield, and there is a gap between the two, so it is difficult to receive effective seismic signals on the shield.

[0005] Drilling has been widely used in tunnels. Using tunnel drilling for seismic wave exploration is an effective option. However, currently, it is mainly based on borehole detectors, and no borehole seismic source is found. In addition, the coupling and angle fixation of borehole detectors are still unresolved.

[0006] In summary, one of the key issues currently facing seismic exploration for tunnel construction is the effective deployment of seismic observation systems and the acquisition of high signal-to-noise ratio seismic data. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole and a method for using the same. By exciting seismic wave signals in a borehole at the working face and receiving seismic wave signals in a borehole in the surrounding rock, seismic signal data with a high signal-to-noise ratio can be collected. Moreover, by exciting and collecting seismic waves inside the borehole, small requirements are placed on the seismic exploration working space, and the operation is simple and convenient.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole, comprising: a coupling positioning unit, a signal excitation unit, and a signal acquisition device;

[0009] The coupling positioning unit comprises a rotating shaft body and a fixed shoe connected to the rotating shaft body, wherein the fixed shoe is used to apply pressure to the surrounding rock of the inner side wall of the hole for fixing when the rotating shaft body rotates;

[0010] The signal excitation unit is used to hammer surrounding rocks in the borehole of the working face to excite seismic waves;

[0011] The signal acquisition device is used to collect seismic wave signals in the side wall surrounding rock hole.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for using a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole, comprising the following steps:

[0013] A borehole is excavated directly in front of or to the side of the tunnel working face, and a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the borehole is installed in the borehole;

[0014] A number of boreholes are excavated in the surrounding rock on both sides of the tunnel behind the working face, and devices for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the boreholes are installed;

[0015] Seismic wave excitation is performed using a device installed in a borehole at the working face for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the borehole;

[0016] Seismic signal acquisition is performed using a device in a surrounding rock borehole for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the hole;

[0017] The collected seismic signals are uploaded to the host computer for data processing and analysis.

[0018] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the present invention, by exciting seismic wave signals in the working face borehole and receiving seismic wave signals in the surrounding rock borehole, seismic signal data with a high signal-to-noise ratio can be collected; and the excitement and collection of seismic waves inside the borehole requires little space for seismic exploration work and is simple and convenient to operate.

[0020] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an observation system for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the borehole seismic equipment in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the in-hole seismic equipment in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of component positioning identification of a three-component geophone in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] In the figure, 1. tunnel, 2. tunnel side wall drilling, 3. tunnel working face drilling, 4. rigid shell, 5. fixed support shoe, 6. percussion hammer, 7. rotating shaft, 8. three-component detector, 9. electromagnetic drive module, 10. control module, 11. detector component identification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms used herein are for describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0029] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 4 A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole proposed in this embodiment is described in detail, which specifically includes: a coupling positioning unit, a signal excitation unit, and a signal acquisition unit.

[0032] The coupling positioning unit includes a rigid shell 4, a fixed support shoe 5 and a rotating shaft 7; specifically, the rigid shell 4 is cylindrical in design to protect the internal mechanical structure; the fixed support shoe 5 fixes the entire device through the friction between the fixed support shoe and the surrounding rock of the borehole; and the rotating shaft 7 is used to control the fixed support shoe 5.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, both ends of the rigid housing 4 are open, a rotating shaft 7 is fixed to one side of the rear end of the rigid housing 4, and a striking hammer 6 of the signal excitation unit is fixed to one side of the front end of the rigid housing 4. There are multiple openings on both sides of the rear end of the rigid housing 4, and the fixed support shoe 5 can move in the opening.

[0034] In this embodiment, the fixed support shoes 5 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rigid shell 4, and can be freely extended and retracted through the opening of the rigid shell. The fixed support shoes contacting the surrounding rock have a texture design on one side to increase the friction between the surrounding rock. The fixed support shoes 5 are relatively independent and the extended lengths can be different from each other.

[0035] In this embodiment, a core carrier is disposed in the front half of the rigid housing 4, and the core carrier is rigidly connected to the interior of the rigid housing 4. The core carrier integrates an excitation signal unit, a signal acquisition unit, a transmission cable, and the like.

[0036] In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 7 controls the extension and retraction of the fixed shoe 5, and the rotating shaft 7 and the fixed shoe 5 are connected via a mechanical structure.

[0037] Specifically, the rotating shaft 7 is connected to the fixed shoe 5 via a gear structure, and the rotating shaft 7 rotates to drive the fixed shoe 5 to extend and retract.

[0038] Specifically, a first gear tooth is provided on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 7, and a screw is installed on the fixed support shoe 5. The rotation of the rotating shaft 7 drives the rotation of the gear. Through the cooperation of the gear and the screw, the rotational motion of the gear is converted into the linear motion of the screw, thereby realizing the extension and retraction of the fixed support shoe 5.

[0039] There are different working modes between the rotating shaft 7 and the fixed support shoes 5. First, the extension mode extends all the fixed support shoes 5 to the surrounding rock. When the fixed support shoes 5 are difficult to move forward under a certain extension force, they are automatically switched to the fixed mode. At this time, the fixed support shoes 5 do not extend with the rotation of the rotating shaft 7. When all the fixed support shoes 5 are switched to the fixed mode, they are switched to the support and pressure mode. The fixed support shoes 5 apply pressure to the surrounding rock by rotating the shaft 7, thereby fixing the entire device.

[0040] Optionally, the rotating shaft body 7 is a hollow shaft body, and a communication cable can be accommodated inside.

[0041] Optionally, the rigid shell 4 of this embodiment has five openings on each of the upper and lower sides of the rear end.

[0042] In this embodiment, the signal excitation device includes an electromagnetic driving module 9 and a percussion hammer 6. The electromagnetic driving module 9 controls the excitation of the percussion hammer 6, and the percussion hammer 6 excites seismic waves by hammering the surrounding rock.

[0043] The electromagnetic drive module 9 is connected to an external power source via a cable and is controlled by the control module 10. When an excitation signal is received, the electromagnetic drive module 9 controls the striking hammer 6 to fire forward, and when a recovery signal is received, the striking hammer 6 is controlled to return to an initial position.

[0044] The percussion hammer 6 is fixed to the front end of the rigid housing and connected to the internal electromagnetic drive module 9 through a rigid connecting rod, so as to stimulate seismic waves by percussing the surrounding rock.

[0045] In this embodiment, the signal acquisition device includes a three-component geophone 8 and a signal transmission module. The three-component geophone 8 acquires effective seismic signals, and the signal transmission module transmits the signals acquired by the geophone to the outside of the device.

[0046] The three-component detector 8 is a velocity detector or an acceleration detector, which is rigidly connected to the rigid housing 4 . The angles of each component of the three-component detector 8 are fixed relative to the rigid housing 4 , and the detector component mark 11 is marked at the rear end of the rigid housing 4 .

[0047] Embodiment 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for using the device provided in Embodiment 1, including:

[0049] A borehole is excavated in front of or to the side of the tunnel working face and equipped with an in-hole seismic device; several boreholes are excavated in the surrounding rock on both sides of the tunnel behind the working face and equipped with an in-hole seismic device;

[0050] After the seismic devices in each hole are deployed, time synchronization is performed to unify the time of the seismic devices in each hole;

[0051] The seismic wave is excited by the in-hole seismic device on the working face. The in-hole seismic device and the in-hole seismic devices in the remaining holes on the working face and the tunnel side wall collect seismic signals. This is repeated 3-5 times. If there are in-hole seismic devices in other holes on the working face, seismic signals are excited respectively and the above process is repeated;

[0052] The in-hole seismic devices in the holes drilled on the side walls of the tunnel are respectively excited, and the in-hole seismic devices in the remaining holes on the side walls of the tunnel are used to collect seismic signals;

[0053] All collected seismic signals are transmitted to the host computer for data processing.

[0054] It should be noted that the above-mentioned in-hole seismic device is the device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole proposed in the first embodiment.

[0055] Those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computer device, or alternatively, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0056] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole, characterized in that: include: Coupling positioning unit, signal excitation unit, signal acquisition device; The coupling positioning unit comprises a rotating shaft body and a fixed shoe connected to the rotating shaft body, wherein the fixed shoe is used to apply pressure to the surrounding rock of the inner side wall of the hole for fixing when the rotating shaft body rotates; The signal excitation unit is used to hammer surrounding rocks in the borehole of the working face to excite seismic waves; The signal acquisition device is used to collect seismic wave signals in the side wall surrounding rock hole.

2. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling and positioning unit comprises a rigid shell, and a plurality of openings for the fixed support shoes to extend out are provided on the side of the rigid shell.

3. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The signal excitation unit includes an electromagnetic driving module and a percussion hammer, wherein the electromagnetic driving module is used to control the percussion hammer to strike the surrounding rock to excite seismic waves.

4. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The striking hammer is arranged at a first end of the rigid shell, and the electromagnetic driving module is arranged inside the rigid shell.

5. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition device comprises a three-component geophone and a signal transmission module, and the signal acquisition device is used to transmit the seismic signal acquired by the three-component geophone to a host computer.

6. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft body is connected to the fixed support shoe through a gear.

7. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The three-component detector is a velocity detector or an acceleration detector. The three-component detector is arranged in a rigid shell and rigidly connected to the rigid shell.

8. A device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Each component angle of the three-component detector is fixed relative to the rigid housing, and the component angles of the three-component detector are marked on the end surface of the rigid housing.

9. A method for using a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole, characterized in that: The steps include: A borehole is excavated directly in front of or to the side of the tunnel working face, and a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the borehole is installed in the borehole; A number of boreholes are excavated in the surrounding rock on both sides of the tunnel behind the working face, and devices for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the boreholes are installed; Seismic wave excitation is performed using a device installed in a borehole at the working face for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the borehole; Seismic signal acquisition is performed using a device in a surrounding rock borehole for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in the hole; The collected seismic signals are uploaded to the host computer for data processing and analysis.

10. A method for using a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a hole as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes: using a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in a surrounding rock borehole to excite seismic waves, and using a device for transmitting and receiving seismic signals in other boreholes to collect seismic signals.

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