Method for promoting early growth and quick germination of flue-cured tobacco under high-salinity soil condition

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting early growth and quick germination of flue-cured tobaccos under a high-salinity soil condition, the method comprises the steps of soil preparation and ridging, flue-cured tobacco transplanting, fertilization regulation and management after transplanting and ridging, and the high-salinity soil is improved, through the synergistic effect of soil conditioning and fertilizer and pesticide management technologies, the improvement period of the high-salinity tobacco planting soil is shortened, and the yield of the flue-cured tobaccos is increased. The improvement cost is reduced, the flue-cured tobacco can grow early and quickly under the extreme soil environment condition, and the tobacco leaf production is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions. Background Art

[0002] High-salinity soil, also known as saline soil or saline-alkali soil, refers to soil that contains excessive soluble salts, and the salt content exceeds the suitable range for crop growth, which has an adverse effect on plant growth. The formation of high-salinity soil in tobacco-growing areas is mainly due to the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, coupled with high temperatures that lead to rapid evaporation of water, and salt easily accumulates on the soil surface, forming salinization.

[0003] Flue-cured tobacco production is suitable for light soil with loose topsoil and slightly compacted subsoil. Sandy soil and heavy clay are not suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth. In addition, flue-cured tobacco is suitable for growing in slightly acidic to neutral soils, with the most suitable soil pH value of 5.5-6.5. Too low or too high pH values ​​are not conducive to the growth and quality formation of flue-cured tobacco. However, high-salinity soils contain a large number of base ions, making the soil sticky, with poor air permeability and water permeability. The soil pH value is generally between 7.5 and 8.5, far exceeding the pH range suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth. Under high-salinity soil conditions, excessive base ions affect the balanced supply of nutrients and the balanced absorption between ions. This imbalance will reduce the effectiveness of soil nutrients, making it difficult for flue-cured tobacco to obtain necessary nutrients from the soil, while causing physiological drought and hindering root water absorption, making it difficult to meet the water needs of normal plant growth. Under salt stress, plants cannot absorb enough water and mineral nutrients, resulting in malnutrition and low chlorophyll content, which in turn affects photosynthesis and further reduces tobacco's resistance and quality.

[0004] The above reasons directly lead to the fact that after transplanting, flue-cured tobacco not only cannot obtain effective nutrient supply in the early stage of field growth, but also inhibits the growth of tobacco plants due to salt stress. At the same time, the highly alkaline soil environment directly affects the physiological metabolism of tobacco plants. Therefore, under such high-salt soil conditions, the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the early stage of field growth is poor, and tobacco plants cannot effectively grow early and quickly, which directly affects the normal growth of the entire field growth period, resulting in a significant decrease in flue-cured tobacco yield and quality.

[0005] At present, the main methods used for high-salinity soils include flushing, the use of soil conditioners and leaching. However, these methods are not only costly but also have a long cycle, which is not conducive to solving the production problems of flue-cured tobacco in a short period of time. In particular, the high-salinity soil control technology in flue-cured tobacco production is still imperfect.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the problem that the early growth of flue-cured tobacco fields is poor under high-salt soil conditions, resulting in the inability to effectively guarantee the yield, it is of great significance to develop a set of technical methods to promote the early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salinity soil conditions, so as to solve the problems of long improvement cycle and high improvement cost of high-salinity tobacco-growing soil in the prior art, and fail to effectively solve the problems of early growth and production of flue-cured tobacco.

[0008] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Land preparation and ridge making;

[0011] S2. Transplanting of flue-cured tobacco:

[0012] S2.1. Selection and use of organic fertilizer: Choose organic fertilizer with low salt content, avoid choosing organic fertilizer products produced from livestock and poultry manure that may contain high salt content, and use an appropriate amount of 50-100 kg / mu more than the normal amount;

[0013] S2.2. Root soaking with rooting agent: When choosing a rooting agent, try to choose one without hormone ingredients or with low hormone content. After making a solution suitable for root soaking, completely soak the roots of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings in the rooting agent solution;

[0014] S2.3, Transplanting: Water the plants sufficiently for rooting before transplanting. Each tobacco pond should be watered with 1.8-2.2 kg of water. The plants can be transplanted after watering. Do not cover the plants with film after transplanting.

[0015] S2.4, Fertilization: Apply organic fertilizer during transplanting, do not apply chemical base fertilizer;

[0016] S3. Fertilization regulation and management after transplanting:

[0017] S3.1 Application of fertilizer for seedling growth: 7-10 days after transplanting, when the tobacco seedlings have grown, fertilizer for seedling growth can be applied. Mix 5kg of ammonium sulfate and 2kg of potassium sulfate and dilute with water to a 100-150 times solution. Apply the fertilizer around the tobacco plants, with 0.9-1.1kg of fertilizer solution applied to each plant.

[0018] S3.2, application of topdressing: 16 to 20 days after transplanting, when the flue-cured tobacco enters the early stage of clustering, topdressing can be carried out. For topdressing, use a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:6:24. In order to promote the rapid growth of flue-cured tobacco, the compound fertilizer needs to be ground and applied. The ground compound fertilizer is applied around the tobacco plants, and 10 kg is applied per mu. After the compound fertilizer is applied, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate is diluted with water to 100 to 150 times the liquid, and poured around the tobacco plants, with 0.9-1.1 kg of fertilizer solution per plant;

[0019] S3.3. Rooting agent drenching: 2 days after the application of topdressing, rooting agent can be used for rooting. Dilute the rooting agent with water according to the instructions of the rooting agent and drench the roots. Drench the roots with 1 kg of rooting agent solution per tobacco plant. Pour it evenly into the soil around the roots of the flue-cured tobacco to ensure that the tobacco can fully absorb it.

[0020] S4. Soil cultivation:

[0021] S4.1. Application of large-pressed fertilizer: 35 to 40 days after transplanting, when the tobacco plants are clustered but before they enter vigorous growth, large-pressed fertilizer can be applied. For each mu, 20 kg of finely ground compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:6:24 for flue-cured tobacco, 20 kg of acidic organic bacterial fertilizer and 5 kg of ferrous sulfate are mixed evenly and applied. When applying fertilizer, apply it around the base of the tobacco stems.

[0022] S4.2. Soil covering: The thickness of soil covering should be slightly greater than the normal soil covering thickness, and the thickness of soil covering should be based on covering the bottom two leaves of the tobacco plant.

[0023] Furthermore, the S1 comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1.1. Deep tillage: The tillage depth is 40-50cm;

[0025] S1.2. Breaking the soil: After plowing and drying the field, the soil can be broken. The soil should not be too fine. The diameter of the soil should be about 3 to 5 cm.

[0026] S1.3, Ridge: The height of the ridge is 40-50cm;

[0027] S1.4. Dig drainage ditches: Dig a drainage ditch with a depth of not less than 50cm and a width of not less than 30cm around the tobacco field. If the field is too large, 1 to 2 medium ditches should be dug.

[0028] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer in S2.1 is organic fertilizer produced from plant sources.

[0029] Furthermore, the rooting agents described in S2.2 are Dabaigen and Gendejin.

[0030] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention shortens the improvement period of high-salinity tobacco-growing soil and reduces the improvement cost through the synergistic effect of soil conditioning and fertilizer and pesticide management technology, realizes early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under extreme soil environmental conditions, and promotes tobacco leaf production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Embodiment 1, a method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Land preparation and ridge making;

[0034] S1.1. Deep plowing of the land: Due to evaporation, soil salt is often concentrated in the top 10 to 20 cm of the soil. Therefore, deep plowing is required when plowing the land. Try to move the topsoil with too high salt content to the bottom layer. The plowing depth must reach 40 to 50 cm.

[0035] S1.2. Breaking the soil: Breaking the soil can be done after plowing and drying the fields. Since high-salt soil is sticky and has poor air permeability, it is not easy to break the soil too finely. The diameter of the soil blocks should be about 3 to 5 cm.

[0036] S1.3 Ridge-building: In order to reduce the amount of soil salt that reaches the roots of tobacco as water evaporates, the ridge-building height should be higher than the conventional ridge-building height, and the appropriate ridge-building height is 40 to 50 cm.

[0037] S1.4. Dig drainage ditches: To prevent the tobacco fields from being soaked for a long time due to rainfall, the salt will move upward with the evaporation of rainwater due to poor drainage. Therefore, it is necessary to dig drainage ditches to ensure smooth drainage of the tobacco fields and quickly drain the rainfall. Dig a drainage ditch with a depth of not less than 50cm and a width of not less than 30cm around the tobacco fields. If the field is too large, 1 to 2 medium ditches should be dug.

[0038] S2. Transplanting of flue-cured tobacco:

[0039] S2.1、Selection and use of organic fertilizer: In order to avoid increasing the salt accumulation in the soil, organic fertilizers with low salt content should be selected first, such as organic fertilizers produced from plant sources such as straw, and organic fertilizers produced from livestock and poultry manure that may contain high salt content should be avoided. When using, the dosage should be appropriately increased by 50-100 kg / mu compared with the conventional dosage.

[0040] S2.2. Root soaking with rooting agent: Using rooting agent can significantly promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco roots and make the root system stronger. When choosing rooting agent, try to choose products without hormone ingredients or with low hormone content, such as Dabaigen, Gendejin and other special products, to avoid unnecessary damage to tobacco seedlings. When soaking the roots, dilute the rooting agent according to the instructions of the rooting agent product. After making a solution suitable for root soaking, completely soak the roots of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings in the rooting agent solution. The soaking time should be controlled according to the product instructions.

[0041] S2.3. Transplanting: Water the plants sufficiently for rooting before transplanting. Each tobacco pond should be watered with 1.8-2.2 kg of water. The plants can be transplanted after watering. Do not cover the plants with film after transplanting to prevent the temperature under the film from being too high, causing the soil salt to evaporate and move upward, resulting in burning the seedlings.

[0042] S2.4. Fertilization: Organic fertilizer should be applied during transplanting, and chemical base fertilizer should not be applied.

[0043] S3. Fertilization regulation and management after transplanting:

[0044] S3.1. Application of fertilizer for promoting seedling growth: 7 to 10 days after transplanting, when the tobacco seedlings have grown, fertilizer for promoting seedling growth can be applied. Mix 5 kg of ammonium sulfate and 2 kg of potassium sulfate and dilute with water to a 100 to 150 times solution. Apply the fertilizer around the tobacco plants, with 0.9 to 1.1 kg of fertilizer solution applied to each plant.

[0045] S3.2. Application of topdressing: Topdressing can be carried out 16 to 20 days after transplanting, when the flue-cured tobacco enters the early stage of clumping. Use special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:6:24. In order to promote rapid growth of flue-cured tobacco, the compound fertilizer needs to be ground before application. Apply the ground compound fertilizer around the tobacco plants at a rate of 10kg per mu. After the application of the compound fertilizer is completed, dilute 5kg of ammonium sulfate with water to a 100-150 times liquid, and apply it around the tobacco plants, with 0.9-1.1kg of fertilizer solution applied to each plant.

[0046] S3.3. Rooting agent drenching: 2 days after the application of topdressing, you can use the rooting agent to drench the roots. Dilute the rooting agent with water according to the instructions of the rooting agent and then drench the roots. Drench the roots with 1 kg of rooting agent solution per tobacco plant. When drenching the roots, pour it evenly into the soil around the roots of the flue-cured tobacco to ensure that the tobacco can fully absorb it.

[0047] S4. Soil cultivation:

[0048] S4.1. Application of large-pressed fertilizer: 35 to 40 days after transplanting, when the flue-cured tobacco plants are in clusters but before they enter vigorous growth, large-pressed fertilizer can be applied. For each acre, 20 kg of finely ground tobacco-specific compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:6:24, 20 kg of acidic organic fertilizer, and 5 kg of ferrous sulfate can be mixed evenly and applied. When applying fertilizer, apply it in a circle around the base of the tobacco plant stems.

[0049] S4.2. Soil covering: The thickness of soil covering should be slightly greater than the normal soil covering thickness. The thickness of soil covering should be based on covering the bottom two leaves of the tobacco plant. Properly increasing the thickness of soil covering can promote the growth of lateral roots of flue-cured tobacco and accelerate nutrient absorption.

[0050] Example 2, comparative analysis, this example 2 adopts the same method as that of example 1, and this example is carried out in Dajie Town, Jiangchuan District, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province.

[0051] Control 1 and Example 2 were grown in the same field. The adjacent parts of the control and the example were separated by a ridge, and the ridges were wrapped with plastic film to prevent mutual leakage. The measures for Control 1 were carried out according to conventional methods.

[0052] Table 1 Growth and production of flue-cured tobacco in Example 2 and Control 1

[0053]

[0054] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control 1, the pH value of the rhizosphere soil of the flue-cured tobacco in Example 2 was significantly reduced by the use of acidic fertilizer, and the soil was changed from neutral to alkaline to acidic; the mortality rate of tobacco seedlings in the seedling stage of the control 1 was 4.7%, and the mortality rate of tobacco seedlings in the seedling stage of Example 2 was 2.3%, which was significantly lower than that of the control 1; the root dry weights of the control 1 and Example 1 60 days after transplanting were 31g and 39g, respectively, indicating that the treatment measures in Example 2 promoted the growth of the root system; the yield of the control 1 was 146.8kg / mu, and the output value was 4928.5 yuan / mu, and the yield of Example 2 was 175.3kg / mu, and the output value was 5893.2 yuan / mu. The treatment measures in Example 2 not only significantly increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco (increased by about 19.4%), but also increased the output value (increased by about 19.6%), which showed that the treatment had a significant promoting effect on the growth and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco. In summary, the treatment measures in Example 2 not only improve the resistance of tobacco plants under high-salinity soil conditions, but also significantly increase the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco.

[0055] Example 3, comparative analysis, this example 3 adopts the same method as that of example 1, and this example is carried out in Yangguang Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province.

[0056] Control 2 and Example 3 were grown in the same field. The adjacent parts of the control and the example were separated by a ridge, and the ridges were wrapped with plastic film to prevent mutual leakage. The measures for Control 2 were carried out according to conventional methods.

[0057] Table 2 Growth and production of flue-cured tobacco in Example 3 and Control 2

[0058]

[0059] Through comparative analysis of the data in Table 2, the treatment measures in Example 3 reduced the soil pH by 21.9%, reduced the mortality rate of tobacco seedlings in the seedling stage by 43.1%, increased the root dry weight by 15.6% 60 days after transplanting, increased the plant height by 6.6%, and increased the yield and output value by 23.1% and 23.5%, respectively. These data fully demonstrate that the significant reduction in soil pH may further optimize the growth environment of flue-cured tobacco, thereby reducing the mortality rate of tobacco seedlings in the seedling stage, which once again proves the importance of soil environment improvement to the growth of flue-cured tobacco. At the same time, Example 3 also promotes the further growth and development of the root system, increases the root dry weight, and then increases the plant height. These positive changes in growth ultimately translate into a significant increase in yield and output value.

[0060] In summary, the treatment measures of this embodiment also have a significant promoting effect on the growth and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco, and are also effective methods worthy of further promotion and application in flue-cured tobacco production.

[0061] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Land preparation and ridge making; S2. Transplanting of flue-cured tobacco: S2.

1. Selection and use of organic fertilizer: Choose organic fertilizer with low salt content, avoid choosing organic fertilizer products produced from livestock and poultry manure that may contain high salt content, and use an appropriate amount of 50-100 kg / mu more than the normal amount; S2.

2. Root soaking with rooting agent: When choosing a rooting agent, try to choose one without hormone ingredients or with low hormone content. After making a solution suitable for root soaking, completely soak the roots of the flue-cured tobacco seedlings in the rooting agent solution; S2.3, Transplanting: Water the plants sufficiently for rooting before transplanting. Each tobacco pond should be watered with 1.8-2.2 kg of water. The plants can be transplanted after watering. Do not cover the plants with film after transplanting. S2.4, Fertilization: Apply organic fertilizer during transplanting, do not apply chemical base fertilizer; S3. Fertilization regulation and management after transplanting: S3.1 Application of fertilizer for seedling growth: 7-10 days after transplanting, when the tobacco seedlings have grown, fertilizer for seedling growth can be applied. Mix 5kg of ammonium sulfate and 2kg of potassium sulfate and dilute with water to a 100-150 times solution. Apply the fertilizer around the tobacco plants, with 0.9-1.1kg of fertilizer solution applied to each plant. S3.2, application of topdressing: 16 to 20 days after transplanting, when the flue-cured tobacco enters the early stage of clustering, topdressing can be carried out. For topdressing, use a special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:6:

24. In order to promote the rapid growth of flue-cured tobacco, the compound fertilizer needs to be ground and applied. The ground compound fertilizer is applied around the tobacco plants, and 10 kg is applied per mu. After the compound fertilizer is applied, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate is diluted with water to 100 to 150 times the liquid, and poured around the tobacco plants, with 0.9-1.1 kg of fertilizer solution per plant; S3.

3. Rooting agent drenching: 2 days after the application of topdressing, rooting agent can be used for rooting. Dilute the rooting agent with water according to the instructions of the rooting agent and drench the roots. Drench the roots with 1 kg of rooting agent solution per tobacco plant. Pour it evenly into the soil around the roots of the flue-cured tobacco to ensure that the tobacco can fully absorb it. S4. Soil cultivation: S4.

1. Application of large-pressed fertilizer: 35 to 40 days after transplanting, when the tobacco plants are clustered but before they enter vigorous growth, large-pressed fertilizer can be applied. For each mu, 20 kg of finely ground compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:6:24 for flue-cured tobacco, 20 kg of acidic organic bacterial fertilizer and 5 kg of ferrous sulfate are mixed evenly and applied. When applying fertilizer, apply it around the base of the tobacco stems. S4.

2. Soil covering: The thickness of soil covering should be slightly greater than the normal soil covering thickness, and the thickness of soil covering should be based on covering the bottom two leaves of the tobacco plant.

2. The method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 comprises the following steps: S1.

1. Deep tillage: The tillage depth is 40-50cm; S1.

2. Breaking the soil: After plowing and drying the field, the soil can be broken. The soil should not be too fine. The diameter of the soil should be about 3 to 5 cm. S1.3, Ridge: The height of the ridge is 40-50cm; S1.

4. Dig drainage ditches: Dig a drainage ditch with a depth of not less than 50cm and a width of not less than 30cm around the tobacco field. If the field is too large, 1 to 2 medium ditches should be dug.

3. The method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer in S2.1 is produced from plant sources.

4. The method for promoting early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco under high-salt soil conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rooting agents described in S2.2 are Dabaigen and Gendejin.

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