Beauty composition, application and beauty method
By combining sulforaphane with EUK134, the mass ratio is adjusted to achieve synergistic antioxidant, the problem of high dosage and difficulty in improving the antioxidant effect of EUK134 is solved, significantly improving the antioxidant ability and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411449192.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the amount of ethyl bisiminomethyl guaiacetyl manganese chloride (EUK134) is used as an antioxidant, which makes it expensive and difficult to effectively combine with other antioxidant raw materials to enhance antioxidant activity.
Sulvolaphane is used in combination with EUK134, and the mass ratio (1:0.1-150) is adjusted to achieve synergistic antioxidant effects, reducing the dosage of EUK134 and enhancing the antioxidant effect.
By using in combination with EUK134, sulforaphane significantly improves its antioxidant capacity, reduces the dosage of EUK134, and achieves effective antioxidant effects in physiologically acceptable media, reducing costs.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of cosmetics, and in particular relates to a cosmetic composition comprising ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride and sulforaphane, an application thereof, and a cosmetic method. Technical Background Free radicals are closely related to skin aging. On the one hand, free radicals activate the expression of related receptor-induced transcription activator AP-1 (activator protein-1), thereby reducing collagen synthesis; on the other hand, free radicals stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activate the synthesis of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) induced by AP-1, promoting collagen degradation, thus causing aging. In the face of excessive free radicals, antioxidants can be used to resist oxidative stress.
[0003] EUK134, scientifically known as ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride, is a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD) / catalase analogue with potent antioxidant activity. It is currently widely used in major skin care brands. But it is expensive, about 300,000 yuan / kg. In order to reduce costs, the dosage of EUK134 needs to be reduced. However, when the dosage is reduced, the antioxidant activity of EUK134 is weakened. In order to maintain effective antioxidant activity, it needs to be used in combination with other antioxidant ingredients.
[0004] However, it is difficult to enhance the antioxidant activity of EUK134 by combining a single antioxidant raw material with EUK134, and it is difficult to obtain the desired antioxidant effect. Therefore, finding an antioxidant raw material that can synergize with EUK134 is still a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the above problems, the inventors of the present application have successfully discovered after in-depth research that sulforaphane, when used in combination with EUK134, can produce a synergistic antioxidant effect, thereby reducing the dosage of EUK134 and reducing costs while exerting the efficacy of the above substances.
[0006] Based on this, the present invention provides a cosmetic composition comprising in a physiologically acceptable medium: a) ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride, and b) at least one antioxidant, said at least one antioxidant being selected from sulforaphane.
[0007] Furthermore, in the cosmetic composition of the present invention, the mass ratio of ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride to sulforaphane is 1:(0.1-150).
[0008] Furthermore, the content of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride in the cosmetic composition is 0.00001-5wt%.
[0009] Furthermore, the content of sulforaphane in the cosmetic composition is 0.00001-5 wt %.
[0010] Furthermore, the cosmetic composition of the present invention may also include cosmetically acceptable auxiliary materials and / or active ingredients.
[0011] The present invention also provides use of the cosmetic composition in preparing cosmetics.
[0012] The present invention also provides a non-therapeutic cosmetic method, the method comprising applying the following ingredients to the skin: a) ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride and, b) at least one antioxidant, said at least one antioxidant being selected from sulforaphane.
[0013] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride to sulforaphane is 1:(0.1-150).
[0014] In the above cosmetic method, the application concentration of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride is 0.00001-5wt%.
[0015] In the above cosmetic method, the concentration of sulforaphane applied is 0.00001-5wt%.
[0016] In the above beauty method, the beauty includes one or more of skin care, scalp care, hair care, eyelash care, and nail care.
[0017] In the above cosmetic method, the method is used to reduce and / or prevent signs of aging in one or more of the skin, scalp, hair, eyelashes, and nails.
[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present application uses sulforaphane to produce a synergistic antioxidant effect with EUK134, thereby changing the situation that EUK134 is difficult to combine with an antioxidant raw material to effectively exert an antioxidant effect. Furthermore, the purpose of reducing the amount of EUK134 used and reducing costs is achieved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The present application is further described below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that the examples are only used to further describe and illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0020] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms in this specification have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although similar or identical methods and materials as described herein may be used in experiments or actual uses, the materials and methods are described herein below. In the event of a conflict, the present specification including the definitions therein shall prevail. In addition, the materials, methods and examples are for illustration only and are not limiting. The present application is further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
[0021] The present application provides a cosmetic composition comprising ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride and at least one antioxidant selected from sulforaphane in a physiologically acceptable medium.
[0022] Ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride (EUK134), a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD) / catalase analogue, exhibits potent antioxidant activity.
[0023] Sulforaphane, also known as sulforaphane, is mainly distributed in plants and vegetables of the Brassica and Radish genera of the Cruciferae family. It can increase the expression of thioredoxin reductase to resist oxidative stress and has high antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects.
[0024] It has been verified by experiments that when the mass ratio of EUK134 to sulforaphane is 1: (0.1-150), a synergistic antioxidant effect is exhibited. In the present application, there is no limitation on the method for determining the antioxidant effect, which can be determined by conventional methods in the art, such as the oxidative free radical absorbance capacity (ORAC).
[0025] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of EUK134 to sulforaphane may be 1:150, 1:145, 1:140, 1:135, 1:130, 1:125, 1:120, 1:115, 1:110, 1:105, 1:100, 1:95, 1:90, 1:85, 1:80, 1:75, 1:70, 1:65, 1:60, 1:55, 1:50, 1:45, 1:40, 1:39, 1:38, 1:37, 1:36, 1:35, 1:36. 4, 1:33, 1:32, 1:31, 1:30, 1:29, 1:28, 1:27, 1:26, 1:25, 1:24, 1:23, 1:22, 1:21, 1:20, 1:19, 1:18, 1:17, 1:16, 1:15, 1:14, 1:13, 1:12, 1:11, 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 1:0.5, 1:0.1, and any range in between.
[0026] Sulforaphane can be introduced by adding pure sulforaphane or by adding an extract containing sulforaphane.
[0027] In some embodiments, sulforaphane is introduced in the form of pure sulforaphane, and the purity of the pure product is above 90%, such as 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%.
[0028] In some embodiments, sulforaphane is introduced by adding an extract containing sulforaphane, such as a cruciferous plant extract. These extracts containing sulforaphane are obtained by using a substance containing sulforaphane as a raw material and extracting it by physical or chemical means, and there is no special requirement for the content of sulforaphane in the extract.
[0029] In some embodiments, the cruciferous plants include plants of the genus Brassica and plants of the genus Raphanus.
[0030] In some embodiments, the cruciferous Brassica plant includes one or more of cabbage, broccoli, kale, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage, and the cruciferous Raphanus plant includes white radish.
[0031] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the cosmetic composition as 100%, the content of EUK134 in the cosmetic composition is 0.00001-5wt%, for example, 0.00001wt%, 0.00002wt%, 0.00003wt%, 0.00005wt%, 0.00006wt%, 0.00007wt%, 0.00008wt%, 0.00009wt%, 0.0001wt%, 0.0002wt%, 0.0003wt%, 0.0004wt%, 0.0005wt%, 0.0006wt%, 0.0007wt%, 0.0007wt%, 0.0007wt%, 0.0007wt%, 0.0007wt%, 0.0007wt%, 0.0007 wt%, 0.0008wt%, 0.0009wt%, 0.001wt%, 0.002wt%, 0.003wt%, 0.004wt%, 0.005wt%, 0.006wt%, 0.007wt%, 0.008wt%, 0.009wt%, 0 .01wt%, 0.011wt%, 0.012wt%, 0.013wt%, 0.014wt%, 0.015wt%, 0.016wt%, 0.017wt%, 0.018wt%, 0.019wt%, 0.020wt%, 0.030wt%, 0.040wt%, 0.050wt%, 0.060wt%, 0.070wt%, 0.080wt%, 0.090wt%, 0.10wt%, 0.20wt%, 0.30wt%, 0.40wt%, 0.50wt%, 0.60wt%, 0.70 wt%, 0.80wt%, 0.90wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.1wt%, 2. 2wt%, 2.3wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.7wt%, 2.8wt%, 2.9wt%, 3.0wt%, 3.1wt%, 3.2wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.4wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.6wt%, 3.7wt%, 3.8wt%, 3.9wt%, 4.0wt%, 4.1wt%, 4.2wt%, 4.3wt%, 4.4wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.6wt%, 4.7wt%, 4.8wt%, 4.9wt%, 5.0wt%, and any range therebetween.
[0032] In some embodiments, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition as 100%, the content of sulforaphane in the cosmetic composition is 0.00001-5 wt%, for example, 0.00001 wt%, 0.00002 wt%, 0.00003 wt%, 0.00005 wt%, 0.00006 wt%, 0.00007 wt%, 0.00008 wt%, 0.00009 wt%, 0.0001 wt%, 0.0002 wt%, 0.0003 wt%, 0.0004 wt%, 0.0005 wt%, 0.0006 wt%, 0.0007 wt%, 0.0008 wt%, 0.0009 wt%, 0.0001 wt%, 0.0002 wt%, 0.0003 wt%, 0.0004 wt%, 0.0005 wt%, 0.0006 wt%, 0.0007 wt%. t%, 0.0008wt%, 0.0009wt%, 0.001wt%, 0.002wt%, 0.003wt%, 0.004wt%, 0.005wt%, 0.006wt%, 0.007wt%, 0.008wt%, 0.009wt%, 0. 01wt%, 0.011wt%, 0.012wt%, 0.013wt%, 0.014wt%, 0.015wt%, 0.016wt%, 0.017wt%, 0.018wt%, 0.019wt%, 0.020wt%, 0.030wt%, 0 .040wt%, 0.050wt%, 0.060wt%, 0.070wt%, 0.080wt%, 0.090wt%, 0.10wt%, 0.20wt%, 0.30wt%, 0.40wt%, 0.50wt%, 0.60wt%, 0.70w t%, 0.80wt%, 0.90wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.1wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.7wt%, 2.8wt%, 2.9wt%, 3.0wt%, 3.1wt%, 3.2wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.4wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.6wt%, 3.7wt%, 3.8wt%, 3.9wt%, 4.0wt%, 4.1wt%, 4.2wt%, 4.3wt%, 4.4wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.6wt%, 4.7wt%, 4.8wt%, 4.9wt%, 5.0wt%, and any range therebetween.
[0033] Although the above-mentioned combination of substances can effectively play an antioxidant role, other ingredients can also be added to meet different skin care needs.
[0034] In some embodiments, the cosmetic composition may include other cosmetic active agents in addition to EUK134 and sulforaphane in a physiologically acceptable medium.
[0035] As a physiologically acceptable medium, it can be selected from spices, dyes, thickeners, cosolvents, oils, solvents, surfactants, rheological agents, fragrances, electrolytes, pH regulators, preservatives and mixtures of the above substances, etc. For example, the solvent includes monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, water, etc., and the solvent can be one or a combination of two or more. The pH regulator includes triethanolamine, arginine, citric acid, etc., and the pH regulator can be one or a combination of two or more.
[0036] As cosmetic active agent, it can be chosen from the following cosmetic active agents: - Agents that stimulate skin firmness, such as peptides that stimulate collagen synthesis (type I, III or VII collagen), GABA, oat extracts, ginsenosides or notoginseng saponins; - agents that condition the pores and sebum, such as rice ferment filtrate, salicylic acid, capryloylsalicylic acid, retinoids, zinc salts, vitamin B6 or pyridoxine; --Agents designed to combat pigmentation, such as kojic acid, extracts of blackberry or licorice, arbutin, phenylethylresorcinol; - Agents for protection against UV radiation, such as physical sunscreens, chemical sunscreens; - agents for protection against free radicals or anti-inflammatory agents, such as extracts of Artemisia capillaris, extracts of Sanguisorba officinalis, resveratrol and its derivatives, turmeric or curcumin or tetrahydrocurcumin, polyphenols extracted from grape seeds, tocopherol and its esters (e.g. tocopheryl acetate), BHT, BHA, ergothioneine or its derivatives, or idebenone; and any mixture of the above substances.
[0037] In the present application, there is no limitation on the content of the physiologically acceptable medium and the cosmetic active agent in the cosmetic composition, which can be routinely selected according to needs.
[0038] In the present application, the cosmetic composition is particularly applied in the form of a topical composition.
[0039] In the present application, there is no limitation on the preparation method of the cosmetic composition, which can be prepared by conventional methods in the art. For example, EUK134 and sulforaphane can be dissolved in solvents respectively, and then mixed evenly to obtain the cosmetic composition.
[0040] The cosmetic composition described in the present application, EUK134 and sulforaphane synergize and have excellent antioxidant efficacy. The antioxidant capacity can be expressed as Trolox equivalents. Experiments have found that the Trolox equivalents (μmol) of the combination of EUK134 and sulforaphane are significantly greater than the sum of the Trolox equivalents (μmol) of EUK134 and sulforaphane alone.
[0041] The cosmetic composition described in the present application has a stronger protective effect against the damaging effects of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, and EUK134 and sulforaphane in the cosmetic composition show synergistic antioxidant activity. In the present application, the amount of the cosmetic composition is not limited, and it can be conventionally selected as needed.
[0042] The present application also provides an antioxidant composition, the active ingredients of which include EUK134 and sulforaphane.
[0043] The present application also provides the use of EUK134 in improving the antioxidant capacity of sulforaphane.
[0044] The present application also provides the use of sulforaphane in improving the antioxidant capacity of EUK134.
[0045] EUK134 and sulforaphane are described above.
[0046] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of EUK134 to sulforaphane is 1:(0.1-150).
[0047] The present application combines EUK134 and sulforaphane to improve the antioxidant capacity of EUK134 and sulforaphane, that is, EUK134 and sulforaphane synergize and have excellent antioxidant effects.
[0048] The present application also provides use of any of the above-mentioned cosmetic compositions in preparing cosmetics.
[0049] The present application also provides use of any of the above-mentioned cosmetic compositions in preparing cosmetic products.
[0050] In some embodiments, the beauty treatment includes one or more of skin care, scalp care, hair care, eyelash care, and nail care.
[0051] In some embodiments, the cosmetic is used to reduce and / or prevent signs of aging including one or more of the skin, scalp, hair, eyelashes, and nails.
[0052] The present application also provides a non-therapeutic cosmetic method, comprising applying the following ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride and at least one antioxidant on the skin, wherein the at least one antioxidant is selected from sulforaphane.
[0053] Ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride and sulforaphane are described above.
[0054] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of EUK134 to sulforaphane is 1:(0.1-150).
[0055] In some embodiments, the administration concentration of EUK134 is 0.00001-5 wt %.
[0056] In some embodiments, the sulforaphane is administered at a concentration of 0.00001-5 wt %.
[0057] In some embodiments, the beauty treatment includes one or more of skin care, scalp care, hair care, eyelash care, and nail care.
[0058] In some embodiments, the method is used to reduce and / or prevent signs of aging involving one or more of the skin, scalp, hair, eyelashes, and nails.
[0059] Example The present application provides a general and / or specific description of the materials and experimental methods used in the experiments. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, % means wt%, i.e., weight percentage. The reagents or instruments used without indicating the manufacturer are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained commercially.
[0060] Sulforaphane: Brand: Aladdin, Item Number: S111997-50mg, Batch Number: A2215038.
[0061] Cauliflower extract: Shaanxi Baichuan Kangze Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number: BCSW240105-2, sulforaphane content 1%.
[0062] EUK134: Brand: Lucas Meyer Cosmetics; Batch number: VB-42-45-020119; Item number: 3378902-S1G.
[0063] 3-o-Ethyl ascorbic acid: Shanghai Jiakai Biological Co., Ltd.
[0064] Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-2 According to the formula in Table 1, EUK134 was dissolved in water and sulforaphane was dissolved in ethanol. After the two solutions were fully dissolved, they were mixed evenly and further diluted with water to a desired concentration to obtain a composition.
[0065] Examples 10-12 According to the formulation in Table 2, EUK134 and cauliflower extract were dissolved in water to obtain a composition.
[0066] Comparative Example 3 According to the formula in Table 3, EUK134 and 3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid (ET-VC) were dissolved in water and mixed uniformly to obtain a composition.
[0067] Antioxidant capacity test In the present application, the antioxidant capacity of the composition obtained by combining EUK134 and other compounds is evaluated by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). The ORAC method is one of the international methods for evaluating total antioxidant capacity and is an important standard for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of food, health products and medicines. The ORAC method uses the azo compound AAPH as the source of peroxyl radicals and sodium fluorescein as the fluorescent indicator. Based on the principle that free radicals damage fluorescent probes to change the fluorescence intensity, the water-soluble analog of vitamin E Trolox is used as the quantitative standard and analyzed using a fluorescent microplate analyzer. The change in fluorescence intensity reflects the degree of free radical damage. In the presence of an antioxidant, it can inhibit the fluorescence change caused by free radicals. The degree of inhibition reflects its antioxidant capacity against free radicals. The results are expressed in Trolox equivalents (μmol).
[0068] The test steps are as follows: prepare a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4. Dissolve and dilute fluorescein sodium with phosphate buffer to a final concentration of 63nmol / L in the reaction system, and prepare AAPH with phosphate buffer to a final concentration of 12.8mmol / L in the reaction system. Add 25μL of the sample to be tested in Tables 1-3 or a single EUK134 or a single other compound or different concentrations of Trolox or PBS (free radical action control in the absence of antioxidants) and 150μL of fluorescein sodium solution to each microwell of the 96-well plate, mix well, and place the 96-well plate in a microplate incubator and incubate at 37°C for 30min. Subsequently, add 25μL of AAPH / PBS (fluorescence natural decay control) to the 96-well plate, mix well, and immediately place it in a multifunctional microplate reader, read at an excitation wavelength of 485nm and an emission wavelength of 538nm, and measure the fluorescence intensity of each well once a minute for 60min. The fluorescence intensity data of each microwell reaction obtained in the experiment were output to Excel through software for further processing.
[0069] The absolute fluorescence intensity data of each microwell at different time points were compared with the -AAPH fluorescence natural decay control and converted into relative fluorescence intensity f. The area under the fluorescence quenching curve AUC was calculated using approximate calculus based on the relative fluorescence intensity.
[0070] The AUC calculation formula is as follows: AUC = (f 0 +f 1 +f 2 + ···+f n-1 +f n )-(f 0 -f n ) / 2 Among them, f 0 represents the relative fluorescence intensity at time 0, f n It represents the relative fluorescence intensity at time n.
[0071] The difference between the area under the fluorescence decay curve under the action of antioxidants and the area under the fluorescence decay curve under the action of free radicals in the absence of antioxidants is the protection area of the antioxidant. The Trolox equivalent (μmol) is calculated by substituting the NetAUC of the analyte into the Net AUC standard curve of Trolox.
[0072] Net AUC standard curve of Trolox: y=0.4268x+0.3636, R 2 =0.998.
[0073] The Trolox equivalent (μmol) of the composition (i.e., the measured value) is compared with the sum of the Trolox equivalent (μmol) of the individual compounds (i.e., the predicted value), and the synergistic coefficient SE is defined as the ratio of the measured value to the predicted value, i.e., SE = measured value / predicted value, and a t-test is performed on the measured value and the predicted value of each embodiment and comparative example, and P < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. The synergistic effect is judged as follows: when SE > 1 and P < 0.05, there is a synergistic effect; when P > 0.05, the two are additive effects; when SE < 1 and P < 0.05, the two are antagonistic effects.
[0074] The experimental results are shown in Table 4 below. The compounds in the table refer to other compounds compounded with EUK134. In Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it refers to sulforaphane; in Examples 10-12, it refers to broccoli extract; and in Comparative Example 3, it refers to ET-VC.
[0075] From Table 4 above, we can see that: From the comparison between Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that EUK134 and different forms of sulforaphane exhibited synergistic antioxidant effects when the mass ratio was within the range of 1:(0.1-150).
[0076] From the comparison between Examples 1-12 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that not all compounds with antioxidant effects can achieve a synergistic antioxidant effect when combined with EUK134.
Claims
1. A cosmetic composition, characterized in that: It comprises in a physiologically acceptable medium: a) ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride, and b) at least one antioxidant, said at least one antioxidant being chosen from sulforaphane, The mass ratio of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride to sulforaphane is 1:(0.1-150).
2. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride in the cosmetic composition is 0.00001-5 wt %.
3. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The content of sulforaphane in the cosmetic composition is 0.00001-5 wt %.
4. Use of the cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the preparation of cosmetics.
5. A non-therapeutic cosmetic method, characterized in that: The method comprises applying to the skin: a) ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride and, b) at least one antioxidant, said at least one antioxidant being chosen from sulforaphane, The mass ratio of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride to sulforaphane is 1:(0.1-150).
6. The cosmetic method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application concentration of the ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride is 0.00001-5wt%.
7. The cosmetic method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sulforaphane is applied at a concentration of 0.00001-5 wt %.
8. The cosmetic method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The beauty treatment includes one or more of skin care, scalp care, hair care, eyelash care, and nail care.
9. The cosmetic method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The method is used to reduce and / or prevent signs of aging involving one or more of the skin, scalp, hair, eyelashes, and nails.