Waste photovoltaic panel comprehensive recovery processing method and waste photovoltaic panel comprehensive recovery processing system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive recovery and treatment of waste photovoltaic panels, in particular to a comprehensive utilization method and equipment for waste photovoltaic panels. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, dismantling the frame of the waste photovoltaic equipment: heating the waste photovoltaic panel to heat and soften an adhesive of the frame of the waste photovoltaic panel, and then carrying out nondestructive dismantling and briquetting; 2, the photovoltaic panel with the frame removed is conveyed to a pulverizer to be preliminarily pulverized; step 3, conveying the preliminarily crushed photovoltaic panel to a high-temperature decomposition machine, and performing decomposition under a high-temperature condition; and 4, the materials decomposed by the high-temperature decomposition machine are conveyed to a separation system to be separated, glass is separated out through a vibrating screen, and separation of silicon, copper and the nanometer silver wires is achieved through winnowing separation and electrostatic separation. According to the comprehensive recycling treatment method for the waste photovoltaic panels, efficient and automatic recycling treatment of the waste photovoltaic panels is achieved, the recycling efficiency is improved, and the recycling cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive recycling of waste photovoltaic panels, and in particular to a comprehensive recycling method and system for waste photovoltaic panels. Background Art

[0002] With the global emphasis on renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has become an important green energy method. The rapid development of photovoltaic technology has promoted the transformation of the global energy structure. However, with the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the service life of photovoltaic panels is usually 20 to 30 years. As time goes by, a large number of waste photovoltaic panels will face the problem of retirement. These waste photovoltaic panels not only take up space, but also may cause potential harm to the environment, which poses new challenges to environmental and resource management.

[0003] The recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste photovoltaic panels have important environmental and economic significance. The main components of photovoltaic panels include silicon wafers, glass, aluminum frames and plastic backplanes. Among them, silicon materials and rare metals (such as indium, cadmium, and selenium) occupy an important position in the production of photovoltaic panels. With the aging and retirement of photovoltaic panels, the valuable materials contained in waste photovoltaic panels, such as silicon, copper, silver, tempered glass, etc., will not only cause waste of resources, but also pollute the environment if they cannot be effectively recycled and utilized. The recycling and reuse of these materials has become a key research area.

[0004] In the recycling process, the following technical links are usually involved: 1. Pretreatment: Preliminary treatment of waste photovoltaic panels, including cleaning, removal of external impurities, and cutting and decomposition for subsequent separation and recycling. This stage usually involves physical crushing and screening processes.

[0005] 2. Material separation: Advanced separation technology is used to separate different materials in photovoltaic panels. Commonly used technologies include mechanical separation, air flow separation, and magnetic separation. This process aims to separate recyclable materials such as glass, silicon wafers, and aluminum frames.

[0006] 3. Chemical treatment: For materials that are difficult to separate physically, chemical methods are used for treatment. For example, rare metals such as silver, indium, and cadmium in photovoltaic panels are extracted by acid leaching and solvent extraction. Chemical treatment can improve the purity and quality of recycled materials.

[0007] 4. Resource Reuse: Recycled materials can be reused in photovoltaic panel production or other industrial applications. For example, glass can be used as construction and transportation materials, aluminum frames can be reprocessed into new products, and silicon wafers can be used to manufacture new photovoltaic panels. Through comprehensive utilization, resource waste can be reduced and production costs can be lowered.

[0008] 5. Environmental management: Effective comprehensive recycling technology for used photovoltaic panels must include environmental protection measures to avoid pollution of the environment by harmful substances. Establishing sound recycling regulations and standards to ensure that waste generated during the recycling process is properly handled and disposed of is a key measure to protect the environment.

[0009] At present, many countries and regions have begun to pay attention to the recycling of waste photovoltaic panels and have formulated relevant regulations and standards. The current problem is mainly how to improve recycling efficiency, reduce recycling costs, and promote photovoltaic panel manufacturers to participate in the recycling process to achieve maximum resource utilization and sustainable environmental protection. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive recycling and processing method for waste photovoltaic panels and a comprehensive recycling and processing system for waste photovoltaic panels in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, so as to solve the problems of low recycling efficiency, high cost and low resource utilization rate existing in the existing comprehensive recycling and processing technology for waste photovoltaic panels.

[0011] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions: A comprehensive recycling and processing method for waste photovoltaic panels comprises the following steps: Step 1, removing the frame of waste photovoltaic equipment: placing the waste photovoltaic panel on a frame removal machine, heating and softening the adhesive of the frame of the waste photovoltaic panel by a heating device of the frame removal machine, and then performing non-destructive removal, and transporting the removed frame to a briquetting machine for briquetting; Step 2, transporting the photovoltaic panels after the frame is removed to a crusher for preliminary crushing; Step 3, transporting the preliminarily crushed photovoltaic panels to a high-temperature decomposition machine for decomposition under high temperature conditions, whereby the EVA and colloid-containing substances therein are gasified and separated; Step 4, transporting the material decomposed by the high-temperature decomposition machine to the separation system for separation, separating the glass through a vibrating screen, and separating the silicon from the copper and nano silver wires through the separation system.

[0012] Optionally, in step 1, the waste photovoltaic panels are placed on a frame disassembly machine by a robotic arm, and after being heated and softened, they are removed non-destructively by a robotic arm.

[0013] Optionally, in step 3, the toxic gas decomposed by the high-temperature decomposition machine enters a spray tower, is cooled, and is collected.

[0014] Optionally, in step 3, the glass remaining after high-temperature decomposition is transported to a grinding machine and crushed into powder.

[0015] Optionally, in step 3, after high temperature decomposition, the oil in the waste photovoltaic panels enters the condenser.

[0016] Optionally, in step 4, the small particle dust is transported to a separation system for separation, wherein the separation system includes a silicon screening machine, an air flow separator and an electrostatic separator.

[0017] Optionally, in step 3, the decomposition temperature of the high temperature decomposition machine is not less than 380°C.

[0018] The present invention also provides a waste photovoltaic panel comprehensive recycling and processing system suitable for the above waste photovoltaic panel comprehensive recycling and processing method, the above processing system comprises a frame disassembly machine, a crusher, a high temperature decomposition machine, and a separation system connected in sequence. The frame disassembly machine is connected to the crusher and the briquetting machine; the high temperature decomposition machine is respectively connected to the spray tower, the condenser, the grinding machine, the negative pressure collection device and the separation system, and the separation system comprises a silicon screening machine, an electrostatic separator and an air flow separator.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The comprehensive recycling and treatment method of waste photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention realizes efficient and automated recycling and treatment of waste photovoltaic panels, improves recycling efficiency and reduces recycling costs. In the method of the present invention, during the frame removal process, firstly, heating treatment is performed to make the separation and removal of the photovoltaic panel frame cleaner, the material separation is more thorough, and there is no adhesion residue. At the same time, the removed frame is directly subjected to briquetting treatment, which is convenient for storage and transportation, saving transportation costs and improving utilization efficiency. Further, the present invention realizes high-purity separation and recovery of various materials in the photovoltaic panel through precise temperature control heating and separation technology, thereby improving resource utilization; the previous solar photovoltaic panel separation equipment can only separate into finer mixed particles, and the present invention continues to allow fine particles to be hot-melted through high-temperature decomposition equipment, and then through physical sorting, separation and recovery of higher purity is achieved; the present invention decomposes the oil in the photovoltaic panel through high temperature, then recycles it, and returns it to the high-temperature decomposition machine for use as fuel, saving energy and reducing consumption; at the same time, during the high-temperature decomposition process, the generated dust and toxic and harmful gases are collected to reduce pollution emissions, and the entire recycling process is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, meeting the requirements of sustainable development. The processing method of the present invention controls the overall sorting through a control console and monitors each link in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive recycling and processing system for waste photovoltaic panels described in the present invention.

[0022] The reference numerals are as follows: 1-frame disassembly machine, 2-crusher, 3-briquetting machine, 4-high temperature decomposition machine, 5-grinding machine, 51-third pipeline, 61-air flow separator, 62-electrostatic separator, 63-silicon screening machine, 7-negative pressure collecting device, 71-first pipeline, 8-spray tower, 81-second pipeline, 9-condenser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: In some embodiments of the present invention, the comprehensive recycling method of waste photovoltaic panels includes the following steps: Step 1, dismantling the frame of waste photovoltaic equipment: Place the waste photovoltaic panel on the frame dismantling machine 1, clamp it with a fixing device to fix it, and then heat the waste photovoltaic panel with the heating device of the frame dismantling machine 1 to soften the adhesive of the frame of the waste photovoltaic panel. After the adhesive softens, the manipulator on the frame dismantling machine 1 clamps the aluminum frames on both sides symmetrically and pulls them outward to separate the aluminum frames from the glass plate, and the dismantled aluminum frames fall into the conveyor belt. Then rotate the fixing device 90°, repeat the above operation, and dismantle the aluminum frames on the other two sides. This dismantling process is non-destructive dismantling, which makes the material separation more thorough. The dismantled aluminum frames are transported to the briquetting machine 3 via the conveyor belt for briquetting.

[0026] Step 2, transporting the photovoltaic panels after the frame is removed to the crusher 2 through a conveyor belt for preliminary crushing.

[0027] Step 3, transporting the preliminarily crushed photovoltaic panels to a high-temperature decomposition machine 4, heating the internal temperature of the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 to be higher than 380°C, so that the EVA and colloid-containing substances in the photovoltaic panels are gasified under the action of high temperature, and then enter the negative pressure collection device 7 after gasification.

[0028] Step 4, the solid material decomposed by the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 is transported to the separation system for separation. In the separation system, the glass and other solid materials are separated by a vibrating screen. After separation, the glass is transported to the grinding mill 5, and the remaining solid materials are transported to the separation system and separated by electrostatic separation and air flow separation.

[0029] In other embodiments of the present invention, the high temperature decomposition machine 4 is a high temperature decomposition furnace. At this time, the high temperature separator is heated by an external heat source, the flame temperature is 1200~1600℃, and the temperature in the furnace is not less than 380℃. During the heating process, the external heat source will generate flue gas during the combustion process, and this part of the flue gas enters the spray tower 8 and is purified by the spray tower 8. The internal EVA and glue-containing substances volatilize at high temperature, and this part of the gas enters the negative pressure collection device 7, and the negative pressure collection device 7 completes the subsequent treatment.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention also provides a processing system for the above-mentioned comprehensive recycling and processing method of waste photovoltaic panels. The processing system includes a frame disassembly machine 1, a crusher 2, a high-temperature decomposition machine 4, and a separation system connected in sequence, and also includes a briquetting machine 3, a spray tower 8, a condenser 9, and a powder machine. The briquetting machine 3 and the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 are respectively connected to the frame disassembly machine 1, and the spray tower 8, the negative pressure collection device 7, the condenser 9, the powder machine and the separation system are respectively connected to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4. The separation system includes a silicon screening machine, an electrostatic separator and an airflow separator, wherein the spray tower 8 is connected to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 through a second pipeline 81, the negative pressure collection device 7 is connected to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 through a first pipeline 71, the separation system is connected to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 through a third pipeline 51, and the crusher is connected to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 through a conveying device.

[0031] In this embodiment, the aluminum frame of the waste photovoltaic panel is disassembled on the frame disassembly machine 1. The disassembled aluminum frame is sent to the briquetting machine 3 for briquetting, and the photovoltaic panel is transported to the crusher 2 for crushing. The crushed photovoltaic panel is transported to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4, where the EVA and colloid-containing substances in the photovoltaic panel are gasified under the action of high temperature, and enter the negative pressure collection device 7 through the first pipeline 71 after gasification. The flue gas generated by the heat source of the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 enters the spray tower 8 through the second pipeline 81, and is purified by the spray tower 8. The oil in the waste photovoltaic panel enters the condenser 9, and is collected in the oil tank after cooling, and can be transported to the high-temperature decomposition machine 4 again as fuel for standby, so as to realize the reuse of energy. The solid matter after high-temperature decomposition includes glass, silicon particles, copper and nano-silver wires, and the glass and silicon particles, copper and nano-silver wires are separated by a vibrating screen. The separated glass is transported to the crusher for crushing, and the silicon particles, copper and nano-silver wires enter the separation system through the third pipeline 51 for sorting. In some embodiments of the present invention, the separation system includes an air flow separator 61 , an electrostatic separator 62 and a silicon screener 63 .

[0032] In this embodiment, a screen is provided at the connection between the third pipeline 51 and the airflow separator 61, and the aperture of the screen is adjusted according to the size of the copper particles and the silicon particles to achieve the preliminary physical separation of the silicon particles and reduce the probability of silicon particles entering the airflow separator 61. After the solid particles enter the airflow separator, the air intake and airflow velocity of the airflow separator 61 are adjusted so that the copper particles can be separated out under the action of a specific airflow. In the electrostatic separator 62, the metal surface charge is enhanced by adding static electricity to enhance the selective separation of the copper particles in the separator, thereby reducing the mixing of silicon materials.

[0033] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for illustrating the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, dismantling the frame of waste photovoltaic equipment: placing the waste photovoltaic panels on a frame dismantling machine, heating and softening the adhesive of the frame of the waste photovoltaic panels through the heating device of the frame dismantling machine, and then dismantling them non-destructively, and transporting the dismantled frames to a briquetting machine for briquetting; Step 2, transporting the photovoltaic panels after the frame is removed to a crusher for preliminary crushing; Step 3, transporting the preliminarily crushed photovoltaic panels to a high-temperature decomposition machine for decomposition under high temperature conditions, whereby the EVA and colloid-containing substances therein are gasified and separated; Step 4, transporting the material decomposed by the high-temperature decomposition machine to the separation system for separation, separating the glass through a vibrating screen, and separating the silicon from the copper and nano silver wires through the separation system.

2. The comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the waste photovoltaic panels are placed on a frame disassembly machine by a robotic arm, and after being heated and softened, they are non-destructively dismantled by a robotic arm.

3. The comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the toxic gas decomposed by the high temperature decomposition machine enters the spray tower, is cooled, and is collected.

4. The comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the remaining glass after high temperature decomposition is transported to a grinding machine and crushed into powder.

5. The comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, after high-temperature decomposition, the oil in the waste photovoltaic panels enters the condenser.

6. The comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the small particles of dust are transported to a separation system for separation. The separation system includes a silicon screening machine, an air flow separator and an electrostatic separator.

7. The comprehensive recycling method for waste photovoltaic panels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The decomposition temperature of the high temperature decomposition machine in step 3 is not less than 380°C.

8. A comprehensive recycling and treatment system for waste photovoltaic panels used in the treatment method described in claims 1-7, characterized in that: It includes a frame disassembly machine, a crusher, a high-temperature decomposition machine, and a separation system which are connected in sequence. The frame disassembly machine is connected to the crusher and the briquetting machine; the high-temperature decomposition machine is respectively connected to a spray tower, a condenser, a grinding machine, a negative pressure collection device and the separation system. The separation system includes a silicon screening machine, an electrostatic separator and an airflow separator.

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