Measurement method for guiding informatization and visualization construction of earth-rock engineering

Abstract

The invention discloses a measurement method for guiding informatization and visualization construction of earth-rock engineering. The measurement method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring image data; s2, image data processing; s3, extracting elevation points; s4, analyzing filling and excavation; according to the method, the construction efficiency is improved, non-contact data acquisition can be carried out by utilizing an oblique photogrammetry technology, the labor intensity of operators is reduced to a certain extent, and the defects existing in a traditional measurement mode are also overcome. The data acquisition speed is high, changes of entities in different periods are rapidly reflected, higher efficiency is achieved in data acquisition and model production work, labor and time cost is effectively reduced, and data support is provided for visual analysis and related decision making of field leveling, earth-rock balance design, construction site planning and monitoring and the like in earth-rock engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering, and in particular to a measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering. Background Art

[0002] In the existing earthwork construction, the traditional construction measurement method is to use RTK dynamic measurement or total station step measurement to collect on-site terrain data. The commonly used method is RTK dynamic measurement, that is, RTK measures the original terrain, fills and digs the earthwork according to the design, and then uses RTK for measurement control again. This traditional measurement method is time-consuming and labor-intensive. If there is extreme terrain or safety hazards, it is difficult for operators to conduct measurement work on foot, the construction efficiency is low, and it is difficult to quickly and accurately reflect the over-excavation and under-excavation of local scattered areas and their scope. It is difficult to provide visual data for engineering projects with tight construction schedules, which is not conducive to making construction decisions in a timely manner. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, comprising the following steps: S1. Image data collection: Use drones to quickly collect surface data of the construction area to obtain the geometric and physical characteristics of the photographed area; S2, Image data processing: Perform radial and tangential distortion correction on the acquired image data, and generate real-scene 3D models, DOM and DTM models through aerial triangulation. S3. Extract elevation points: Extract elevation points from the real-life 3D model of the construction area according to certain rules, and adjust the extraction density of elevation points according to the actual situation of the construction area to provide a data basis for subsequent related analysis; S4. Analysis of excavation and filling: According to the design requirements and the actual situation of the construction area, the earthwork of the required construction area is calculated, and then the excavation and filling analysis is carried out; S5. Overall or partial detailed construction: Combine the produced DOM data with the earthwork calculation data for superposition analysis, and use the characteristics of informatization and visualization to make construction decisions more vividly and intuitively.

[0004] Preferably, in step S1, the drone is equipped with a 5-directional camera and sensor, namely downward, forward, rearward, left and right, to shoot from different angles, and each shooting can simultaneously obtain images in 5 directions.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1, the drone is a commercially available consumer drone that uses a cross-route method to photograph the survey area from different angles.

[0006] Preferably, in step S2, whether the aerial triangulation solution is successfully performed depends on whether the image shooting quality and the camera-related parameters are complete.

[0007] Preferably, in step S4, a DTM method, a cross-section method or a grid calculation method is selected to calculate the earthwork in the required construction area, and then perform cut and fill analysis.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention improves the construction efficiency, and non-contact data collection can be performed by using the oblique photogrammetry technology, which reduces the labor intensity of operators to a certain extent and solves the defects of the traditional measurement method. The data acquisition speed is fast, and the changes of entities in different periods are quickly reflected. It has higher efficiency in data collection and model production, effectively reduces labor and time costs, and provides data support for visual analysis and related decision-making of site leveling, earthwork balance design, construction site planning and monitoring in earthwork engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 The operation flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of aerial photography parameters, where (2-a) is the heading overlap, (2-b) is the lateral overlap, (2-c) is the course curvature, and (2-d) is the image rotation angle; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the image data processing process. (3-a) is a schematic diagram of the bundle method regional block adjustment, (3-b) is a 3D white model, and (3-c) is a DOM (digital orthophoto); Figure 4 This is a diagram of visual analysis. The left side shows the superposition of the real-life 3D model and the cut-and-fill analysis data, and the right side shows the superposition of the DOM data and the cut-and-fill analysis data. The left and right dual views are operated for simultaneous analysis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0011] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering, comprising the following steps: S1: Image data acquisition: Taking advantage of the high mobility of drones, the surface data of the construction area is quickly collected to obtain the geometric and physical characteristics of the photographed area. The drone needs to be equipped with 5-way cameras and sensors, namely downward, forward, rear, left, and right, to shoot from different angles, and each shot can simultaneously obtain images in 5 directions. If the consumer-grade drones on the market are used, which cannot meet the requirements of 5-way cameras and sensors, the cross-route method can be used to shoot the survey area from different angles. The image shooting must meet the requirements, otherwise the subsequent solution cannot be performed. In this step, the construction area is first surveyed on site, and image control points are laid out covering the entire area. The image control points are laid out in locations that can be used for a long time according to the on-site conditions. When the construction area is too large, the image control points need to be encrypted inside the area, and the spatial coordinates of each image control point need to be measured. Then the route is planned and data is collected. Whether the aerial photography meets the requirements is an important step in determining the quality of the results. The interval and overlap of aerial photography should meet the basic requirements, and POS data should be obtained. Reasonable settings should be made for heading overlap, lateral overlap, route curvature, image rotation angle, etc. Under normal circumstances, the heading overlap is 60%-70%, with a minimum of not less than 53%; the lateral overlap is 35%-45%, with a minimum of not less than 30%; the heading curvature is not greater than 3%; the image rotation angle is not greater than 6°, and the maximum is not more than 8°, and there cannot be three consecutive images with a rotation angle exceeding 6°.

[0012] S2: Image data processing: The acquired image data is corrected for radial and tangential distortion, and the real-life three-dimensional model, DOM and DTM model are produced through aerial triangulation. Whether the aerial triangulation solution can be successfully carried out depends on the quality of the film shooting and whether the relevant parameters of the camera are complete. In this step, since the lenses used for oblique photogrammetry are mostly array CCDs, the geometric deformation of the acquired image is mainly caused by the distortion of the objective lens. The distortion error will affect the parallel state of the incident light, so that the object point, the photography center and the image point do not meet the collinearity condition. In order to ensure the accuracy of image analysis, the multi-view image is first pre-processed to correct the distortion error, thereby reducing the geometric error of the image. Distortion types include radial distortion, tangential distortion and array CCD deformation. Radial distortion correction corrects the distortion caused by the displacement deviation of the position of individual lenses in the sensor lens group, and tangential distortion correction corrects the distortion caused by the defects in the camera production process that cause the image plane to be non-parallel to the lens. The size of the array CCD deformation is mainly affected by the quality of the objective lens. Then, aerial triangulation and image matching are performed. A small number of image control points are deployed in the construction area to encrypt the control points of the entire area, restore the exterior orientation elements of all images, and solve the spatial position of the encrypted points. Through the exterior orientation elements in the POS data, the pyramid matching strategy is adopted to perform bundle method regional block adjustment and automatic matching of the same-name points, and the connection points, connection lines, POS data and GPS / IMU auxiliary data are solved to obtain high-precision matching results of the same-name points. Finally, according to actual needs, real-life 3D models, DOM, DTM and other products are generated.

[0013] S3: Extract elevation points: Extract elevation points from the real-life 3D model of the construction area according to certain rules. According to the actual situation of the construction area, the extraction density of elevation points is adjusted to avoid problems such as large spacing and sampling omissions in the traditional point sampling process, providing a data basis for subsequent related analysis.

[0014] S4: Analysis of cut and fill: According to the design requirements and the actual situation of the construction area, select the DTM method, section method or grid calculation method to calculate the earthwork of the required construction area, and then perform cut and fill analysis. The specific analysis method depends on the actual situation. The DTM method uses the extracted elevation points to construct an irregular triangulated network. The distribution density and structure of the points and lines in the triangulated network can be fully coordinated with the characteristics of the surface, without changing the original data and accuracy. It can insert the terrain line to preserve the original key terrain features, and can adapt well to complex and irregular terrain, so as to fully express the characteristics of the surface. Therefore, the calculation accuracy of the cut and fill calculation using the DTM method is greatly improved; the section method is suitable for areas with complex terrain, large undulations, narrow and long land, large and irregular cutting and filling depths; the grid method is suitable for sites with small terrain undulations and gentle slope changes. By dividing the ground into grids of a certain size, each grid is analyzed for cut and fill. In local areas, in order to ensure construction accuracy, the DTM method is used for cut and fill analysis.

[0015] S5: Overall or local detailed construction: By superimposing DOM data and cut and fill analysis data, and then combining them with the real-life 3D model, the two views are used to simultaneously perform a visual analysis of the construction area. The position of the cut and fill boundary line can be clearly seen, which can guide the construction more vividly and intuitively, and make more targeted construction decisions.

[0016] The present invention breaks the limitations of conventional measurement methods, can save manpower and material resources, improve quality and efficiency, quickly and accurately reflect the over-excavation and under-excavation situation and scope of local dispersed areas, as well as earthwork balance design, and makes its construction analysis and decision-making more targeted through informatization, and makes it more vivid and intuitive through visualization, which is clear at a glance. The oblique photogrammetry technology is used to guide the construction of the construction area, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is used to collect surface data of the construction area. The collected data is pre-processed, solved by aerial triangulation, and image matched to produce relevant digital models, which are extracted and analyzed, and then the overall or local construction area is guided and refined according to the design requirements, so as to achieve the purpose of more vivid, more intuitive and more efficient relevant analysis and making relevant construction decisions during the construction process.

[0017] As above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the present invention itself. Various changes may be made to it in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Image data collection: Use drones to quickly collect surface data of the construction area to obtain the geometric and physical characteristics of the photographed area; S2, Image data processing: Perform radial and tangential distortion correction on the acquired image data, and generate real-scene 3D models, DOM and DTM models through aerial triangulation. S3. Extract elevation points: Extract elevation points from the real-life 3D model of the construction area according to certain rules, and adjust the extraction density of elevation points according to the actual situation of the construction area to provide a data basis for subsequent related analysis; S4. Analysis of excavation and filling: According to the design requirements and the actual situation of the construction area, the earthwork of the required construction area is calculated, and then the excavation and filling analysis is carried out; S5. Overall or local detailed construction: Combine the produced DOM data with the earthwork calculation data for superposition analysis, and use the characteristics of informatization and visualization to make construction decisions more vividly and intuitively.

2. A measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the drone is equipped with 5-directional cameras and sensors, namely downward, forward, rearward, left and right, to shoot from different angles, and each shooting can simultaneously obtain images in 5 directions.

3. A measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the drone is a commercial consumer-grade drone that uses a cross-route method to photograph the survey area from different angles.

4. A measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, whether the aerial triangulation solution is successfully performed depends on the quality of the image shooting and whether the relevant parameters of the camera are complete.

5. The measurement method for guiding the informatization and visualization construction of earthwork engineering according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the DTM method, the cross-section method or the grid calculation method is selected to calculate the earthwork in the required construction area, and then the fill and cut analysis is performed.

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