High-precision bearing and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bearings, in particular to a high-precision bearing and a manufacturing method thereof.The high-precision bearing comprises a bearing outer ring, a C-shaped ring, a steel ball, a high-temperature-resistant bearing inner ring and a sleeve; a C-shaped ring is mounted at the side end of the bearing outer ring, a steel ball is mounted on the inner side of the bearing outer ring, a high-temperature-resistant bearing inner ring arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring is mounted on the inner side of the steel ball, a sleeve is mounted on the outer side of the C-shaped ring, and a solid lubricating layer capable of effectively reducing friction and abrasion is plated on the outer side of the steel ball; the bearing body is made of special alloy steel or ceramic materials, the hardness of the bearing body can reach 67 HRC or above after a heat treatment process, it is ensured that excellent mechanical performance and abrasion resistance are still kept at the high temperature, the machining precision of the bearing outer ring, the C-shaped ring, the sleeve, the steel ball, the high-temperature-resistant bearing inner ring and key components of the solid lubricating layer can reach the P2 level, and the service life of the bearing body is prolonged. Stability and low noise of the bearing during high-speed rotation are guaranteed, the bearing adopts a solid lubrication mode, and friction and abrasion can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bearings, and in particular to a high-precision bearing and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-precision bearings designed for medical X-ray tubes need to have high strength and temperature resistance during use, and also require extremely high vacuum during operation to ensure the accuracy and stability of the X-rays.

[0003] Traditional high-precision bearings may have certain limitations in terms of high temperature resistance. The materials used in many traditional bearings are prone to lose stability in high temperature environments, resulting in reduced mechanical properties and weakened wear resistance. There may even be problems with thermal expansion leading to loss of matching accuracy. At the same time, bearings usually use grease or oil film lubrication, which may fail or evaporate in high temperature or vacuum environments, resulting in reduced lubrication performance, making it impossible for bearings dedicated to medical X-ray tubes to better meet the medical industry's strict requirements for high precision, high reliability and long life.

[0004] Therefore, in order to address the problem that the above-mentioned traditional bearings are prone to lose stability in high temperature environments, resulting in reduced mechanical properties, weakened wear resistance, and even thermal expansion leading to loss of fitting accuracy, and that bearings usually use grease or oil film lubrication, which may fail or evaporate in high temperature or vacuum environments, resulting in reduced lubrication performance, a high-precision bearing can be designed to meet the high performance requirements under extreme working conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problem that traditional bearings are prone to lose stability in high temperature environments, bearings usually use grease or oil film lubrication. These lubrication methods may fail or evaporate in high temperature or vacuum environments, resulting in a decrease in lubrication performance.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a high-precision bearing, including a bearing outer ring, a C-shaped ring, a steel ball, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring and a sleeve; a C-shaped ring is installed on the side end of the bearing outer ring, a steel ball is installed on the inner side of the bearing outer ring, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring is installed on the inner side of the steel ball, a sleeve is installed on the outer side of the C-shaped ring, and the outer side of the steel ball is coated with a solid lubricating layer that can effectively reduce friction and wear.

[0007] A method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing, comprising the high-precision bearing as described above, and the steps are as follows;

[0008] S1: Bearing outer ring and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring processing

[0009] S11; Raw material preparation and pretreatment

[0010] Select special alloy steel or ceramic materials that meet the requirements and perform simple pretreatment. For alloy steel materials, use forging technology to process the raw materials into blanks to improve the density and streamline of the materials. For ceramic materials, use powder metallurgy molding technology;

[0011] S12; Lathe processing

[0012] Use CNC lathe to turn the blank to obtain the basic shape and size of the bearing outer ring and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring;

[0013] S13; Preliminary heat treatment

[0014] The inner and outer rings after the above processing are thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as oil and cutting fluid on the surface to avoid adverse effects on subsequent heat treatment. The outer ring of the bearing and the inner ring of the high-temperature resistant bearing are placed in a heat treatment furnace. The appropriate heating temperature is selected according to the material properties. For commonly used high-carbon chromium bearing steel, the heating temperature is usually between 835 and 850°C. During the heating process, the temperature must be uniform to avoid local overheating or overcooling. After reaching the set temperature, it is maintained for a period of time to make the temperature of each part of the inner and outer rings uniform and the structure fully austenitized, and then the raw materials are placed in a quenching device for cooling;

[0015] S14; Tempering

[0016] Reheat the quenched bearing outer ring and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring to a lower temperature of 155-165°C to eliminate quenching stress and improve the toughness and dimensional stability of the parts. Keep them at the tempering temperature for a period of time to fully temper the structure, and then cool the bearing outer ring and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring to room temperature by air cooling or oil cooling.

[0017] S15; Post-processing

[0018] Clean the tempered outer ring and high temperature resistant inner ring of the bearing to remove oil and oxides on the surface, and check whether the hardness meets the requirement of 67HRC or above to ensure that the excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance are maintained at high temperature;

[0019] S2: Steel ball processing

[0020] S21: Raw material preparation and forging

[0021] Choose GCr15 bearing steel or GCr15SiMn bearing steel as raw material, and process the raw material into basic shape through forging or casting process according to the designed shape and size of the steel ball;

[0022] S22: Lathe processing

[0023] After forging or casting, the steel ball is turned using a CNC lathe to further modify the shape and size to meet the design requirements;

[0024] S23: Heat treatment

[0025] The steel balls are placed in a heat treatment furnace for normalizing at a temperature of 850 to 900°C for a time of 30 minutes to one hour, and then spheroidizing annealing is performed at a temperature of 780 to 820°C to make the carbides in the material spherical and improve the cutting performance and toughness of the material. The material is then heated to austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled to obtain high hardness and good wear resistance. The quenching temperature is between 820 and 860°C. Finally, low-temperature tempering is performed at a temperature range of 150 to 250°C to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the steel balls.

[0026] S24: Grinding

[0027] First, the outer diameter grinder is used to rough grind the steel ball to remove the oxide scale and rough layer on the surface after heat treatment, and then the end face of the rolling element is ground by the end face grinder to further improve the surface accuracy and reduce the roughness, and then the super-fine grinding machine is used to obtain extremely high surface quality and shape accuracy;

[0028] S25: Solid lubrication layer processing

[0029] Using electroplating equipment to plate the surface of the steel ball, preparing an electrolyte containing solid lubricating medium particles, and depositing a layer of solid lubricating medium on the surface of the steel ball through electrolysis;

[0030] S3: C-ring and sleeve processing

[0031] S31: Raw material preparation

[0032] Use light alloy as raw material for processing;

[0033] S32: Stamping

[0034] Use a shearing machine to cut the sheet to the required size, then use a punch press and die to punch, trim, and other processes on the sheet to form a preliminary shape, and finally use a punch press and complex die to stamp the sheet into the final shape;

[0035] S33: Shaping and finishing

[0036] Further shaping of the initially formed C-ring and sleeve to eliminate deformation or unevenness caused during processing;

[0037] S34: Rust-proof treatment

[0038] Use spraying equipment to spray anti-rust paint on the surface of the C-ring and sleeve;

[0039] S4: Connection assembly

[0040] Place the steel balls evenly between the outer ring of the bearing and the inner ring of the high temperature resistant bearing, making sure they are in the correct position and in close contact, then snap-fit ​​and install the C-ring. After installation, install the sleeve on the outer ring of the bearing, making sure it fits tightly with the outer ring of the bearing;

[0041] S5: Quality Control Monitoring Process

[0042] Detailed quality control procedures and standards are formulated throughout the entire process, including quality control requirements for each link of raw material procurement, processing, plating process, assembly and testing. Each batch of bearings is uniquely identified, and quality files are established to achieve full quality traceability from raw materials to finished products. Based on test results and customer feedback, the process flow and quality control system can be continuously optimized to improve the quality and performance of bearings.

[0043] Preferably, the ceramic material in S11 can be any one of silicon nitride and silicon carbide.

[0044] Preferably, the quenching device in S13 can be a quenching tank or a jet quenching device, and the quenching medium can be any one of quenching oil or water-based quenching liquid, which can quickly cool the heated bearing outer ring and high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring.

[0045] Preferably, the time range of maintaining the tempering temperature for a period of time in S14 is between 1 and 2 hours.

[0046] Preferably, the forging equipment in S21 may be an air hammer or a hydraulic press, and the casting equipment may be a melting furnace or a casting machine, and the molten metal may be injected into the mold to form a rolling body blank.

[0047] Preferably, the electroplating equipment in S25 includes an electroplating tank, a power supply, and a stirring device, and the solid lubricating medium can be any one of molybdenum disulfide or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0048] Preferably, in S32, a grinder or a milling machine can be used to perform fine processing on the C-ring and the sleeve to ensure that their size and shape accuracy meet the design requirements.

[0049] Preferably, during the entire process, CNC machining centers and grinding equipment are used to perform high-precision machining on the bearing outer ring, C-ring, sleeve, steel ball, and high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring. During the machining process, the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy are monitored in real time through an online measurement system to ensure that the P2 level standard is met. A surface roughness measuring instrument can be used to perform roughness detection on the surface of the machined parts to ensure good lubrication and contact performance. Advanced plating equipment and technology are used to strictly control the plating thickness and uniformity. At the same time, the quality and thickness of the coating are monitored in real time through an online monitoring system to ensure that the design requirements are met. During the bearing assembly process, the vacuum degree is strictly controlled to ensure an extremely high vacuum degree of not less than 10^-10Pa. After the assembly is completed, the bearing is subjected to performance testing in a high temperature environment, including detection of rotational stability, noise level, and friction coefficient indicators to ensure that the bearing meets the high performance requirements under extreme working conditions.

[0050] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0051] 1. The bearing body of the present invention is made of special alloy steel or ceramic material. After heat treatment, the hardness can reach more than 67HRC, ensuring that it still maintains excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance at high temperatures. The machining accuracy of the key components of the bearing outer ring, C-ring, sleeve, steel ball, high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring and solid lubrication layer can reach P2 level, that is, extremely high dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy, to ensure the stability and low noise of the bearing during high-speed rotation. At the same time, the bearing adopts solid lubrication, that is, a layer of special solid lubricating medium is plated on the surface of the rolling element. This medium can still maintain good lubrication performance at high temperatures and effectively reduce friction and wear. The bearing can operate stably in a temperature environment of up to 500 degrees Celsius, while maintaining an extremely high vacuum degree of not less than 10^-10Pa, ensuring the accuracy and long life of the X-ray tube. At the same time, CNC machining and grinding technology are adopted, combined with online detection and quality control system. The overall process adopts high-temperature resistant materials, high machining accuracy and solid lubrication technology to meet the strict requirements of the medical industry for high precision, high reliability and long life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 What is shown is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the high-precision bearing of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 What is shown is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the high-precision bearing of the present invention.

[0054] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. outer ring of bearing; 2. C-ring; 3. steel ball; 4. high temperature resistant bearing inner ring; 5. sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0056] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment: a high-precision bearing, comprising a bearing outer ring 1, a C-shaped ring 2, a steel ball 3, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 and a sleeve 5; a C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the side end of the bearing outer ring 1, a steel ball 3 is installed on the inner side of the bearing outer ring 1, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the inner side of the steel ball 3, a sleeve 5 is installed on the outer side of the C-shaped ring 2, and the outer side of the steel ball 3 is coated with a solid lubricating layer that can effectively reduce friction and wear.

[0057] A high-precision bearing and a manufacturing method thereof, comprising the high-precision bearing as described above, and the steps are as follows;

[0058] S1: Processing of bearing outer ring 1 and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4

[0059] S11; Raw material preparation and pretreatment

[0060] Select special alloy steel or ceramic materials that meet the requirements and perform simple pretreatment. For alloy steel materials, use forging technology to process the raw materials into blanks to improve the density and streamline of the materials. For ceramic materials, use powder metallurgy molding technology;

[0061] S12; Lathe processing

[0062] The blank is turned by using a CNC lathe to obtain the basic shape and size of the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4;

[0063] S13; Preliminary heat treatment

[0064] The inner and outer rings after the above processing are thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as oil and cutting fluid on the surface to avoid adverse effects on subsequent heat treatment. The bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are placed in a heat treatment furnace. The appropriate heating temperature is selected according to the material properties. For commonly used high-carbon chromium bearing steel, the heating temperature is usually between 835 and 850°C. During the heating process, the temperature must be uniform to avoid local overheating or overcooling. After reaching the set temperature, it is maintained for a period of time to make the temperature of each part of the inner and outer rings uniform and the structure fully austenitized, and then the raw materials are placed in a quenching device for cooling;

[0065] S14; Tempering

[0066] The quenched bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are reheated to a lower temperature of 155-165°C to eliminate the quenching stress and improve the toughness and dimensional stability of the parts. They are kept at the tempering temperature for a period of time to fully temper the structure, and then the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cooled to room temperature by air cooling or oil cooling.

[0067] S15; Post-processing

[0068] The tempered bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cleaned to remove the oil and oxide on the surface, and the hardness is tested to see whether it meets the requirement of 67HRC or above, so as to ensure that the excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance are maintained at high temperature;

[0069] S2: Steel ball 3 processing

[0070] S21: Raw material preparation and forging

[0071] Select GCr15 bearing steel or GCr15SiMn bearing steel as raw material, and process the raw material into a basic shape through forging or casting process according to the designed shape and size of the steel ball 3;

[0072] S22: Lathe processing

[0073] After forging or casting, the steel ball 3 is turned using a CNC lathe to further modify the shape and size to meet the design requirements;

[0074] S23: Heat treatment

[0075] The steel ball 3 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, the normalizing temperature is generally between 850 and 900°C, the normalizing time is between 30 minutes and one hour, and then spheroidizing annealing is performed at a temperature between 780 and 820°C, so that the carbides in the material are distributed in a spherical shape, and the cutting performance and toughness of the material are improved. The material is then heated to the austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled, so that the material has high hardness and good wear resistance, the quenching temperature is between 820 and 860°C, and finally low-temperature tempering is performed at a temperature range of 150 to 250°C, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the steel ball 3;

[0076] S24: Grinding

[0077] First, the outer diameter grinder is used to roughly grind the steel ball 3 to remove the oxide scale and rough layer on the surface after heat treatment, and then the end surface of the rolling element is ground by the end surface grinder to further improve the surface accuracy and reduce the roughness, and then the super-fine grinding machine is used to obtain extremely high surface quality and shape accuracy;

[0078] S25: Solid lubrication layer processing

[0079] The surface of the steel ball 3 is plated by using an electroplating device, an electrolyte containing solid lubricating medium particles is prepared, and a layer of solid lubricating medium is deposited on the surface of the steel ball 3 by electrolysis;

[0080] S3: C-ring 2 and sleeve 5 processing

[0081] S31: Raw material preparation

[0082] Use light alloy as raw material for processing;

[0083] S32: Stamping

[0084] Use a shearing machine to cut the sheet to the required size, then use a punch press and die to punch, trim, and other processes on the sheet to form a preliminary shape, and finally use a punch press and complex die to stamp the sheet into the final shape;

[0085] S33: Shaping and finishing

[0086] Further shaping is performed on the initially formed C-shaped ring 2 and sleeve 5 to eliminate deformation or unevenness generated during the processing;

[0087] S34: Rust-proof treatment

[0088] Use spraying equipment to spray anti-rust paint on the surface of the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5;

[0089] S4: Connection assembly

[0090] Place the steel balls 3 evenly between the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4, making sure they are in the correct position and in close contact, then snap-fit ​​and install the C-ring 2. After installation, install the sleeve 5 on the bearing outer ring 1, making sure it fits tightly with the bearing outer ring 1;

[0091] S5: Quality Control Monitoring Process

[0092] Detailed quality control procedures and standards are formulated throughout the entire process, including quality control requirements for each link of raw material procurement, processing, plating process, assembly and testing. Each batch of bearings is uniquely identified, and quality files are established to achieve full quality traceability from raw materials to finished products. Based on test results and customer feedback, the process flow and quality control system can be continuously optimized to improve the quality and performance of bearings.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] The present invention provides an embodiment: a high-precision bearing, comprising a bearing outer ring 1, a C-shaped ring 2, a steel ball 3, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 and a sleeve 5; the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the side end of the bearing outer ring 1, the steel ball 3 is installed on the inner side of the bearing outer ring 1, the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the inner side of the steel ball 3, the sleeve 5 is installed on the outer side of the C-shaped ring 2, and the outer side of the steel ball 3 is coated with a solid lubricating layer that can effectively reduce friction and wear.

[0095] A high-precision bearing and a manufacturing method thereof, comprising the high-precision bearing as described above, and the steps are as follows;

[0096] S1: Processing of bearing outer ring 1 and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4

[0097] S11; Raw material preparation and pretreatment

[0098] Select special alloy steel that meets the requirements and perform simple pretreatment. For alloy steel materials, use forging technology to process the raw materials into blanks to improve the density and streamline of the materials. Ceramic materials can be made of either silicon nitride or silicon carbide.

[0099] S12; Lathe processing

[0100] The blank is turned by using a CNC lathe to obtain the basic shape and size of the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4;

[0101] S13; Preliminary heat treatment

[0102] The inner and outer rings after the above processing are thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as oil and cutting fluid on the surface to avoid adverse effects on subsequent heat treatment. The bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are placed in a heat treatment furnace. The appropriate heating temperature is selected according to the material properties. For commonly used high-carbon chromium bearing steel, the heating temperature is usually between 835 and 850°C. During the heating process, the temperature must be uniform to avoid local overheating or overcooling. After reaching the set temperature, it is maintained for a period of time to make the temperature of each part of the inner and outer rings uniform and the structure fully austenitized. Then the raw materials are placed in a quenching device for cooling. The quenching device can use a quenching tank, and the quenching medium can use quenching oil. The heated bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 can be quickly cooled;

[0103] S14; Tempering

[0104] The quenched bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are reheated to a lower temperature of 155-165°C to eliminate the quenching stress and improve the toughness and dimensional stability of the parts. They are kept at the tempering temperature for a period of time, ranging from 1 to 2 hours, so that the structure is fully tempered. Then, the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cooled to room temperature by air cooling or oil cooling.

[0105] S15; Post-processing

[0106] The tempered bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cleaned to remove the oil and oxide on the surface, and the hardness is tested to see whether it meets the requirement of 67HRC or above, so as to ensure that the excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance are maintained at high temperature;

[0107] S2: Steel ball 3 processing

[0108] S21: Raw material preparation and forging

[0109] GCr15 bearing steel or GCr15SiMn bearing steel is selected as the raw material, and the raw material is processed into a basic shape through forging or casting process according to the designed shape and size of the steel ball 3. The forging equipment can use an air hammer, and the casting equipment can use a melting furnace, and the molten metal can be injected into the mold to form a rolling body blank;

[0110] S22: Lathe processing

[0111] After forging or casting, the steel ball 3 is turned using a CNC lathe to further modify the shape and size to meet the design requirements;

[0112] S23: Heat treatment

[0113] The steel ball 3 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, the normalizing temperature is generally between 850 and 900°C, the normalizing time is between 30 minutes and one hour, and then spheroidizing annealing is performed at a temperature between 780 and 820°C, so that the carbides in the material are distributed in a spherical shape, and the cutting performance and toughness of the material are improved. The material is then heated to the austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled, so that the material has high hardness and good wear resistance, the quenching temperature is between 820 and 860°C, and finally low-temperature tempering is performed at a temperature range of 150 to 250°C, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the steel ball 3;

[0114] S24: Grinding

[0115] First, the outer diameter grinder is used to roughly grind the steel ball 3 to remove the oxide scale and rough layer on the surface after heat treatment, and then the end surface of the rolling element is ground by the end surface grinder to further improve the surface accuracy and reduce the roughness, and then the super-fine grinding machine is used to obtain extremely high surface quality and shape accuracy;

[0116] S25: Solid lubrication layer processing

[0117] The surface of the steel ball 3 is plated by using an electroplating device, an electrolyte containing solid lubricating medium particles is prepared, and a layer of solid lubricating medium is deposited on the surface of the steel ball 3 by electrolysis, the electroplating device includes an electroplating tank, a power supply, and a stirring device, and the solid lubricating medium can be molybdenum disulfide;

[0118] S3: C-ring 2 and sleeve 5 processing

[0119] S31: Raw material preparation

[0120] Use light alloy as raw material for processing;

[0121] S32: Stamping

[0122] Use a shearing machine to cut the sheet to the required size, then use a punch press and a die to punch and trim the sheet to form a preliminary shape, and finally use a punch press and a complex die to punch the sheet into the final shape. A grinder can be used to finely process the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5 to ensure that their size and shape accuracy meet the design requirements;

[0123] S33: Shaping and finishing

[0124] Further shaping is performed on the initially formed C-shaped ring 2 and sleeve 5 to eliminate deformation or unevenness generated during the processing;

[0125] S34: Rust-proof treatment

[0126] Use spraying equipment to spray anti-rust paint on the surface of the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5;

[0127] S4: Connection assembly

[0128] Place the steel balls 3 evenly between the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4, making sure they are in the correct position and in close contact, then snap-fit ​​and install the C-ring 2. After installation, install the sleeve 5 on the bearing outer ring 1, making sure it fits tightly with the bearing outer ring 1;

[0129] S5: Quality Control Monitoring Process

[0130] Detailed quality control procedures and standards are formulated throughout the entire process, including quality control requirements for each link of raw material procurement, processing, plating process, assembly and testing. Each batch of bearings is uniquely identified, and quality files are established to achieve full quality traceability from raw materials to finished products. Based on test results and customer feedback, the process flow and quality control system can be continuously optimized to improve the quality and performance of bearings.

[0131] Example 2

[0132] The present invention provides an embodiment: a high-precision bearing, comprising a bearing outer ring 1, a C-shaped ring 2, a steel ball 3, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 and a sleeve 5; the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the side end of the bearing outer ring 1, the steel ball 3 is installed on the inner side of the bearing outer ring 1, the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the inner side of the steel ball 3, the sleeve 5 is installed on the outer side of the C-shaped ring 2, and the outer side of the steel ball 3 is coated with a solid lubricating layer that can effectively reduce friction and wear.

[0133] A high-precision bearing and a manufacturing method thereof, comprising the high-precision bearing as described above, and the steps are as follows;

[0134] S1: Processing of bearing outer ring 1 and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4

[0135] S11; Raw material preparation and pretreatment

[0136] Select ceramic materials that meet the requirements, perform simple pretreatment, and adopt powder metallurgy molding process. The ceramic material can be either silicon nitride or silicon carbide;

[0137] S12; Lathe processing

[0138] The blank is turned by using a CNC lathe to obtain the basic shape and size of the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4;

[0139] S13; Preliminary heat treatment

[0140] The inner and outer rings after the above processing are thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as oil and cutting fluid on the surface to avoid adverse effects on subsequent heat treatment. The bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are placed in a heat treatment furnace. The appropriate heating temperature is selected according to the material properties. For commonly used high-carbon chromium bearing steel, the heating temperature is usually between 835 and 850°C. During the heating process, the temperature must be uniform to avoid local overheating or overcooling. After reaching the set temperature, it is maintained for a period of time to make the temperature of each part of the inner and outer rings uniform and the structure fully austenitized. Then the raw materials are placed in a quenching device for cooling. The quenching device can adopt a jet quenching device, and the quenching medium can adopt a water-based quenching liquid, which can quickly cool the heated bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4;

[0141] S14; Tempering

[0142] The quenched bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are reheated to a lower temperature of 155-165°C to eliminate the quenching stress and improve the toughness and dimensional stability of the parts. They are kept at the tempering temperature for a period of time, ranging from 1 to 2 hours, so that the structure is fully tempered. Then, the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cooled to room temperature by air cooling or oil cooling.

[0143] S15; Post-processing

[0144] The tempered bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cleaned to remove the oil and oxide on the surface, and the hardness is tested to see whether it meets the requirement of 67HRC or above, so as to ensure that the excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance are maintained at high temperature;

[0145] S2: Steel ball 3 processing

[0146] S21: Raw material preparation and forging

[0147] GCr15 bearing steel or GCr15SiMn bearing steel is selected as the raw material, and the raw material is processed into a basic shape by forging or casting process according to the designed shape and size of the steel ball 3. The forging equipment can be a hydraulic press, and the casting equipment can be a casting machine, which can inject molten metal into the mold to form a rolling body blank;

[0148] S22: Lathe processing

[0149] After forging or casting, the steel ball 3 is turned using a CNC lathe to further modify the shape and size to meet the design requirements;

[0150] S23: Heat treatment

[0151] The steel ball 3 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, the normalizing temperature is generally between 850 and 900°C, the normalizing time is between 30 minutes and one hour, and then spheroidizing annealing is performed at a temperature between 780 and 820°C, so that the carbides in the material are distributed in a spherical shape, and the cutting performance and toughness of the material are improved. The material is then heated to the austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled, so that the material has high hardness and good wear resistance, the quenching temperature is between 820 and 860°C, and finally low-temperature tempering is performed at a temperature range of 150 to 250°C, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the steel ball 3;

[0152] S24: Grinding

[0153] First, the outer diameter grinder is used to roughly grind the steel ball 3 to remove the oxide scale and rough layer on the surface after heat treatment, and then the end surface of the rolling element is ground by the end surface grinder to further improve the surface accuracy and reduce the roughness, and then the super-fine grinding machine is used to obtain extremely high surface quality and shape accuracy;

[0154] S25: Solid lubrication layer processing

[0155] The surface of the steel ball 3 is plated by using an electroplating device, an electrolyte containing solid lubricating medium particles is prepared, and a layer of solid lubricating medium is deposited on the surface of the steel ball 3 by electrolysis, the electroplating device includes an electroplating tank, a power supply, and a stirring device, and the solid lubricating medium can be polytetrafluoroethylene;

[0156] S3: C-ring 2 and sleeve 5 processing

[0157] S31: Raw material preparation

[0158] Use light alloy as raw material for processing;

[0159] S32: Stamping

[0160] Use a shearing machine to cut the sheet to the required size, then use a punch press and a die to punch, trim, and process the sheet to form a preliminary shape, and finally use a punch press and a complex die to punch the sheet into the final shape. A milling machine can be used to finely process the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5 to ensure that their size and shape accuracy meet the design requirements;

[0161] S33: Shaping and finishing

[0162] Further shaping is performed on the initially formed C-shaped ring 2 and sleeve 5 to eliminate deformation or unevenness generated during the processing;

[0163] S34: Rust-proof treatment

[0164] Use spraying equipment to spray anti-rust paint on the surface of the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5;

[0165] S4: Connection assembly

[0166] Place the steel balls 3 evenly between the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4, making sure they are in the correct position and in close contact, then snap-fit ​​and install the C-ring 2. After installation, install the sleeve 5 on the bearing outer ring 1, making sure it fits tightly with the bearing outer ring 1;

[0167] S5: Quality Control Monitoring Process

[0168] Detailed quality control procedures and standards are formulated throughout the entire process, including quality control requirements for each link of raw material procurement, processing, plating process, assembly and testing. Each batch of bearings is uniquely identified, and quality files are established to achieve full quality traceability from raw materials to finished products. Based on test results and customer feedback, the process flow and quality control system can be continuously optimized to improve the quality and performance of bearings.

[0169] Example 3

[0170] The present invention provides an embodiment: a high-precision bearing, comprising a bearing outer ring 1, a C-shaped ring 2, a steel ball 3, a high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 and a sleeve 5; the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the side end of the bearing outer ring 1, the steel ball 3 is installed on the inner side of the bearing outer ring 1, the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring 2 is installed on the inner side of the steel ball 3, the sleeve 5 is installed on the outer side of the C-shaped ring 2, and the outer side of the steel ball 3 is coated with a solid lubricating layer that can effectively reduce friction and wear.

[0171] A high-precision bearing and a manufacturing method thereof, comprising the high-precision bearing as described above, and the steps are as follows;

[0172] S1: Processing of bearing outer ring 1 and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4

[0173] S11; Raw material preparation and pretreatment

[0174] Select special alloy steel or ceramic materials that meet the requirements and perform simple pretreatment. For alloy steel materials, use forging technology to process the raw materials into blanks to improve the density and streamline of the materials. For ceramic materials, use powder metallurgy molding technology. Ceramic materials can be made of either silicon nitride or silicon carbide.

[0175] S12; Lathe processing

[0176] The blank is turned by using a CNC lathe to obtain the basic shape and size of the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4;

[0177] S13; Preliminary heat treatment

[0178] The inner and outer rings after the above processing are thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as oil and cutting fluid on the surface to avoid adverse effects on subsequent heat treatment. The bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are placed in a heat treatment furnace. The appropriate heating temperature is selected according to the material properties. For commonly used high-carbon chromium bearing steel, the heating temperature is usually between 835 and 850°C. During the heating process, the temperature must be uniform to avoid local overheating or overcooling. After reaching the set temperature, it is maintained for a period of time to make the temperature of each part of the inner and outer rings uniform and the structure fully austenitized. Then the raw materials are placed in a quenching device for cooling. The quenching device can use a quenching tank, and the quenching medium can use quenching oil. The heated bearing outer ring 1 and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 can be quickly cooled;

[0179] S14; Tempering

[0180] The quenched bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are reheated to a lower temperature of 155-165°C to eliminate the quenching stress and improve the toughness and dimensional stability of the parts. They are kept at the tempering temperature for a period of time, ranging from 1 to 2 hours, so that the structure is fully tempered. Then, the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cooled to room temperature by air cooling or oil cooling.

[0181] S15; Post-processing

[0182] The tempered bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are cleaned to remove the oil and oxide on the surface, and the hardness is tested to see whether it meets the requirement of 67HRC or above, so as to ensure that the excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance are maintained at high temperature;

[0183] S2: Steel ball 3 processing

[0184] S21: Raw material preparation and forging

[0185] GCr15 bearing steel or GCr15SiMn bearing steel is selected as the raw material, and the raw material is processed into a basic shape through forging or casting process according to the designed shape and size of the steel ball 3. The forging equipment can use an air hammer, and the casting equipment can use a casting machine, which can inject molten metal into a mold to form a rolling body blank;

[0186] S22: Lathe processing

[0187] After forging or casting, the steel ball 3 is turned using a CNC lathe to further modify the shape and size to meet the design requirements;

[0188] S23: Heat treatment

[0189] The steel ball 3 is placed in a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, the normalizing temperature is generally between 850 and 900°C, the normalizing time is between 30 minutes and one hour, and then spheroidizing annealing is performed at a temperature between 780 and 820°C, so that the carbides in the material are distributed in a spherical shape, and the cutting performance and toughness of the material are improved. The material is then heated to the austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled, so that the material has high hardness and good wear resistance, the quenching temperature is between 820 and 860°C, and finally low-temperature tempering is performed at a temperature range of 150 to 250°C, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the steel ball 3;

[0190] S24: Grinding

[0191] First, the outer diameter grinder is used to roughly grind the steel ball 3 to remove the oxide scale and rough layer on the surface after heat treatment, and then the end surface of the rolling element is ground by the end surface grinder to further improve the surface accuracy and reduce the roughness, and then the super-fine grinding machine is used to obtain extremely high surface quality and shape accuracy;

[0192] S25: Solid lubrication layer processing

[0193] The surface of the steel ball 3 is plated by using an electroplating device, an electrolyte containing solid lubricating medium particles is prepared, and a layer of solid lubricating medium is deposited on the surface of the steel ball 3 by electrolysis, the electroplating device includes an electroplating tank, a power supply, and a stirring device, and the solid lubricating medium can be molybdenum disulfide;

[0194] S3: C-ring 2 and sleeve 5 processing

[0195] S31: Raw material preparation

[0196] Use light alloy as raw material for processing;

[0197] S32: Stamping

[0198] Use a shearing machine to cut the sheet to the required size, then use a punch press and a die to punch, trim, and process the sheet to form a preliminary shape, and finally use a punch press and a complex die to punch the sheet into the final shape. A milling machine can be used to finely process the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5 to ensure that their size and shape accuracy meet the design requirements;

[0199] S33: Shaping and finishing

[0200] The initially formed C-shaped ring 2 and sleeve 5 are further shaped to eliminate deformation or unevenness generated during the processing;

[0201] S34: Rust-proof treatment

[0202] Use spraying equipment to spray anti-rust paint on the processed surfaces of the C-ring 2 and the sleeve 5;

[0203] S4: Connection assembly

[0204] Place the steel balls 3 evenly between the bearing outer ring 1 and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4, making sure they are in the correct position and in close contact, then snap-fit ​​and install the C-ring 2. After installation, install the sleeve 5 on the bearing outer ring 1, making sure it fits tightly with the bearing outer ring 1;

[0205] S5: Quality Control Monitoring Process

[0206] Detailed quality control procedures and standards are formulated throughout the entire process, including quality control requirements for each link of raw material procurement, processing, plating process, assembly and testing. Each batch of bearings is uniquely identified, and quality files are established to achieve full quality traceability from raw materials to finished products. Based on test results and customer feedback, the process flow and quality control system can be continuously optimized to improve the quality and performance of bearings.

[0207] Through the above steps, the C-ring 2, sleeve 5, steel ball 3, and high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring 4 are processed with high precision by using a CNC machining center and grinding equipment. During the processing, the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy are monitored in real time by an online measurement system to ensure that the P2 level standard is met. A surface roughness measuring instrument can be used to detect the roughness of the surface of the processed parts to ensure good lubrication effect and contact performance. Advanced plating equipment and technology are used to strictly control the plating thickness and uniformity. At the same time, the quality and thickness of the plating layer are monitored in real time by an online monitoring system to ensure that the design requirements are met. During the bearing assembly process, the vacuum degree is strictly controlled to ensure an extremely high vacuum degree of not less than 10^-10Pa. After the assembly is completed, the bearing is subjected to a performance test in a high temperature environment, including the detection of rotation stability, noise level, and friction coefficient indicators, to ensure that the bearing meets the high performance requirements under extreme working conditions, so as to solve the problem that traditional bearings are prone to lose stability in a high temperature environment. At the same time, the bearings usually use grease or oil film lubrication, which may fail or evaporate in a high temperature or vacuum environment, resulting in a decrease in lubrication performance.

[0208] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision bearing, comprising a bearing outer ring (1); characterized in that: The invention also comprises a C-shaped ring (2), a steel ball (3), a high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) and a sleeve (5); the C-shaped ring (2) is installed at the side end of the bearing outer ring (1), the steel ball (3) is installed on the inner side of the bearing outer ring (1), the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped ring (2) is installed on the inner side of the steel ball (3), the sleeve (5) is installed on the outer side of the C-shaped ring (2), and the outer side of the steel ball (3) is plated with a solid lubricating layer which can effectively reduce friction and wear.

2. A method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1: Machining of bearing outer ring (1) and high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) S11; Raw material preparation and pretreatment Select special alloy steel or ceramic materials that meet the requirements and perform simple pretreatment. For alloy steel materials, use forging technology to process the raw materials into blanks to improve the density and streamline of the materials. For ceramic materials, use powder metallurgy molding technology; S12; Lathe processing Using a CNC lathe to turn the blank to obtain the basic shape and size of the bearing outer ring (1) and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4); S13; Preliminary heat treatment The inner and outer rings after the above processing are thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as oil and cutting fluid on the surface to avoid adverse effects on subsequent heat treatment. The bearing outer ring (1) and the high-temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) are placed in a heat treatment furnace. A suitable heating temperature is selected according to the material properties. For commonly used high-carbon chromium bearing steel, the heating temperature is usually between 835 and 850°C. During the heating process, the temperature must be uniform to avoid local overheating or overcooling. After reaching the set temperature, it is maintained for a period of time to make the temperature of each part of the inner and outer rings uniform and the structure fully austenitized. Then the raw materials are placed in a quenching device for cooling; S14; Tempering The quenched bearing outer ring (1) and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) are reheated to a lower temperature between 155 and 165° C. to eliminate quenching stress and improve the toughness and dimensional stability of the parts. The parts are kept at the tempering temperature for a period of time to fully temper the structure. The bearing outer ring (1) and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) are then cooled to room temperature by air cooling or oil cooling. S15; Post-processing The tempered bearing outer ring (1) and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4) are cleaned to remove oil and oxides on the surface, and their hardness is tested to see whether it meets the requirement of 67HRC or above, so as to ensure that they still maintain excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance at high temperatures; S2: Steel ball (3) processing S21: Raw material preparation and forging Select GCr15 bearing steel or GCr15SiMn bearing steel as raw material, and process the raw material into a basic shape through forging or casting process according to the designed shape and size of the steel ball (3); S22: Lathe processing After forging or casting, the steel ball (3) is turned using a CNC lathe to further modify the shape and size to meet the design requirements; S23: Heat treatment The steel ball (3) is placed in a heat treatment furnace for normalizing, the normalizing temperature is generally between 850 and 900° C., the normalizing time is between 30 minutes and one hour, and then spheroidizing annealing is performed at a temperature between 780 and 820° C., so that the carbides in the material are distributed in a spherical shape, thereby improving the cutting performance and toughness of the material. The material is then heated to an austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cooled, so that the material has high hardness and good wear resistance, the quenching temperature is between 820 and 860° C., and finally low-temperature tempering is performed at a temperature range of 150 to 250° C., so as to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the steel ball (3); S24: Grinding Firstly, the steel ball (3) is roughly ground by an outer diameter grinder to remove the oxide scale and rough layer on the surface after heat treatment, then the end surface of the rolling element is ground by an end surface grinder to further improve the surface accuracy and reduce the roughness, and then a superfine grinder is used to obtain extremely high surface quality and shape accuracy; S25: Solid lubrication layer processing Using electroplating equipment to plate the surface of the steel ball (3), preparing an electrolyte containing solid lubricating medium particles, and depositing a layer of solid lubricating medium on the surface of the steel ball (3) through electrolysis; S3: C-ring (2) and sleeve (5) processing S31: Raw material preparation Use light alloy as raw material for processing; S32: Stamping Use a shearing machine to cut the sheet to the required size, then use a punch press and die to punch, trim, and other processes on the sheet to form a preliminary shape, and finally use a punch press and complex die to stamp the sheet into the final shape; S33: Shaping and finishing Further shaping the initially formed C-shaped ring (2) and sleeve (5) to eliminate deformation or unevenness generated during the processing; S34: Rust-proof treatment Using a spraying device to spray anti-rust paint on the surface of the C-shaped ring (2) and the sleeve (5); S4: Connection assembly Place the steel balls (3) evenly between the bearing outer ring (1) and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4), ensuring that they are in the correct position and in close contact, and then snap-fit ​​the C-ring (2) to install and fix it. After the installation is completed, install the sleeve (5) on the bearing outer ring (1), ensuring that it fits tightly with the bearing outer ring (1); S5: Quality Control Monitoring Process Detailed quality control procedures and standards are formulated throughout the entire process, including quality control requirements for each link of raw material procurement, processing, plating process, assembly and testing. Each batch of bearings is uniquely identified, and quality files are established to achieve full quality traceability from raw materials to finished products. Based on test results and customer feedback, the process flow and quality control system can be continuously optimized to improve the quality and performance of bearings.

3. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ceramic material in S11 can be any one of silicon nitride and silicon carbide.

4. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quenching device in S13 can be a quenching tank or a jet quenching device, and the quenching medium can be any one of quenching oil and water-based quenching liquid, which can quickly cool the heated bearing outer ring (1) and the high temperature resistant bearing inner ring (4).

5. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The time range for maintaining the annealing temperature in S14 is between 1 and 2 hours.

6. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S21, the forging equipment may be an air hammer or a hydraulic press, and the casting equipment may be a melting furnace or a casting machine, which can inject molten metal into a mold to form a rolling element blank.

7. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electroplating equipment in S25 includes an electroplating tank, a power supply, and a stirring device, and the solid lubricating medium can be any one of molybdenum disulfide and polytetrafluoroethylene.

8. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S32, a grinder or a milling machine can be used to perform fine processing on the C-shaped ring (2) and the sleeve (5) to ensure that the size and shape accuracy thereof meet the design requirements.

9. The method for manufacturing a high-precision bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the entire process, the outer ring (1), C-ring (2), sleeve (5), steel ball (3), and high-temperature resistant inner ring (4) of the bearing are processed with high precision using a CNC machining center and grinding equipment. During the processing, the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy are monitored in real time through an online measurement system to ensure that the P2 level standard is met. A surface roughness measuring instrument can be used to detect the roughness of the surface of the processed parts to ensure good lubrication effect and contact performance. Advanced plating equipment and technology are used to strictly control the plating thickness and uniformity. At the same time, the quality and thickness of the plating layer are monitored in real time through an online monitoring system to ensure that the design requirements are met. During the bearing assembly process, the vacuum degree is strictly controlled to ensure an extremely high vacuum degree of not less than 10^-10Pa. After the assembly is completed, the bearing is subjected to a performance test in a high temperature environment, including the detection of rotation stability, noise level, and friction coefficient indicators, to ensure that the bearing meets the high performance requirements under extreme working conditions.

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