Preparation equipment and preparation method of composite layer sliding bearing

Abstract

The invention discloses preparation equipment and a preparation method of a composite layer sliding bearing, the sliding bearing comprises at least one bearing material layer and a bearing matrix layer, the bearing material layer is connected to the radial outer side of the bearing matrix layer in a wrapping manner, the preparation equipment comprises an electromagnetic pulse welding device, and the electromagnetic pulse welding device can generate a pulsed magnetic field; the electromagnetic Lorentz force acts on the bearing material layer, so that the bearing material layer collides with the bearing base body layer in an accelerated mode under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force, and welding connection of the bearing material layer and the bearing base body layer is carried out. According to the preparation equipment, continuous magnetic pulse welding of the bearing material layer and the bearing base body layer can be rapidly and conveniently carried out, so that the preparation cost and difficulty of the sliding bearing are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of sliding bearings, and in particular to a preparation device and a preparation method for a composite layer sliding bearing. Background Art

[0002] In the wind power generation sliding bearing device, the existing technology has problems such as complex bearing manufacturing device, high manufacturing cost, and weak bonding between metals. For example, the copper alloy integral casting material consumption is large, the processing allowance is large, and the manufacturing cost is high; the centrifugal casting method has poor bonding force and the casting process has coarse grains; the thicker the cladding layer of the laser cladding technology, the higher the hardness. Without heat treatment, large-area cladding is prone to defects such as cracks. These problems make the manufacture of multi-layer sliding bearings wasteful and unreliable. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a new technical solution to solve these problems.

[0003] Electromagnetic pulse welding technology is a special energy field manufacturing method based on pulsed strong magnetic field. It can drive heterogeneous materials to collide at supersonic speed within one ten-thousandth of a second through pulsed strong magnetic field, drive the mutual diffusion between atoms and the formation of welding interface, and realize the solid phase welding of metallurgical bonding between heterogeneous metals. Since there is no obvious heating phenomenon in the welding process, it can effectively avoid various welding defects introduced by traditional welding methods due to the "heat affected zone"; and the welding interface formed by high-speed collision is "nano-sized" at the weld, making the performance of the weakest weld in traditional welding higher than that of the parent material, and can achieve high-quality welding of heterogeneous materials. This technology can give full play to the physical properties of different materials, realize the "lightweight" and "multifunctional" manufacturing of components, and provide a highly potential technical bottleneck for breaking through the efficient manufacturing of sliding bearings of wind turbines.

[0004] Existing magnetic pulse welding technology is mostly used for single welding of pipe fittings, with a welding length of about 1mm to 10mm. Continuous magnetic pulse welding of pipe fittings has not been found to be used in actual industrial products. In addition, magnetic pulse welding technology is currently used for welding pipe fittings with a diameter less than 110mm. Single or continuous magnetic pulse welding has not been considered for use in large-diameter (diameter greater than 300mm) industrial workpieces.

[0005] Prior art CN104165184A discloses a method for manufacturing a rolling bearing and a rolling bearing manufactured according to the method, wherein a weldable insert is fixed to a first ring by electromagnetic pulse technology or by capacitor energy storage welding; and the insert and the flange or the insert and the flange retainer are welded together.

[0006] The prior art CN111941712A discloses a method for manufacturing a polyetheretherketone high-performance sliding bearing. First, a regular convex and concave surface is manufactured on the upper surface of a steel substrate, and then a plurality of layers of stainless steel wire mesh are processed according to the structure of the convex and concave surface. Then, the plurality of layers of stainless steel wire mesh are welded on the working surface of the steel substrate by a "four-point continuous" spot welding method to combine the plurality of layers of stainless steel wire mesh with the steel substrate. Then, the modified polyetheretherketone powder is subjected to a thermoplastic molding process to combine the molten polyetheretherketone with the steel substrate into one.

[0007] None of the above prior arts involve the use of electromagnetic pulse welding technology for manufacturing composite layer sliding bearings.

[0008] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention is specially introduced. Summary of the invention

[0009] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation device and a preparation method for a composite layer sliding bearing, which are used to conveniently and quickly prepare the composite layer sliding bearing and reduce the difficulty and cost of preparation.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a preparation device for a composite layer sliding bearing is proposed, wherein the sliding bearing comprises at least one bearing material layer and a bearing matrix layer, wherein the bearing material layer is wrapped around and connected to the radial outer side of the bearing matrix layer, and the preparation device comprises an electromagnetic pulse welding device, wherein the electromagnetic pulse welding device can generate a pulsed magnetic field and act on the bearing material layer, so that the bearing material layer is accelerated and collides with the bearing matrix layer under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force, so as to perform a welding connection between the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the electromagnetic pulse welding device includes a workpiece assembly, which includes an induction coil and a magnetic collector. The induction coil generates the pulse magnetic field. The magnetic collector is located radially outside the bearing material layer. The magnetic collector concentrates and enhances the electromagnetic force and acts on the bearing material layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation equipment also includes a clamping device, which is used to clamp the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer, and enable the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer to move between the magnetic collectors along the axial direction relative to the magnetic collectors.

[0013] Furthermore, the shape of the part where the axial inner side of the cross section of the magnetic collector cooperates with the bearing material layer is set to be two consecutive oblique lines with the same inclination direction. Along the relative movement direction of the magnetic collector, the angle between the first oblique line and the axial direction is α, and the angle between the second oblique line and the axial direction is β.

[0014] Furthermore, the angles between the first oblique line and the second oblique line and the axial direction satisfy the following relationship:

[0015] 60°>α>β>0°

[0016] Furthermore, the angles between the first oblique line and the second oblique line and the axial direction also satisfy the following relationship:

[0017] 30°≥α≥10°, 15°≥β

[0018] Furthermore, the angles between the first oblique line and the second oblique line and the axial direction also satisfy the following relationship:

[0019] 25°≥α≥15°; β>5°

[0020] Furthermore, the electromagnetic pulse welding device also includes a pulse control component and an energy storage component. The pulse control component provides a pulse current to the energy storage component. The energy storage component can store electrical energy and perform pulse discharge through the induction coil.

[0021] Furthermore, the pulse control component includes a charging unit and a charging switch, and the energy storage component includes a capacitor group and a current switch. The capacitor group can store the electric energy provided by the charging unit and provide a sinusoidal alternating current to the induction coil.

[0022] Furthermore, the material of the magnetic collector is one of the following: CuBe2, Steel, Cuprofor, Siclanic.

[0023] In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a composite layer sliding bearing is provided, using the preparation device according to the above, and comprising the following steps:

[0024] A workpiece positioning step, combining the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer and placing them between the induction coil and the magnetic collector using a clamping device;

[0025] A charging and discharging step, wherein the electromagnetic pulse welding device provides a pulse current to the induction coil;

[0026] A collision bonding step, in which a section of the bearing material layer in the axial direction is accelerated and collides with the bearing matrix layer under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force to form a welding bonding interface;

[0027] The continuous welding step is to axially move the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer by moving the clamping device for a certain distance, continue the charging and discharging step and the collision bonding step, and repeat this step for multiple times to complete the welding and obtain the sliding bearing.

[0028] Furthermore, before the step of positioning the workpiece, the method further includes a step of machining the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer, in which an inclined concave surface is machined at a certain interval along the axial direction on the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer.

[0029] Furthermore, in the step of processing the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer, the length a of the inclined concave surface in the axial direction is not greater than the length L of the magnetic collector matching portion, and the inclination angle γ of the cross section of the inclined concave surface is in the range of 10°≤γ≤30°.

[0030] Furthermore, in the collision bonding step, the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer collides with the bearing base layer at a collision angle of 5° to 50° relative to the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer and a collision speed of 10 mm / s to 1000 mm / s.

[0031] Furthermore, the collision speed is between 200 mm / s and 600 mm / s, and the collision angle is between 10° and 35°.

[0032] Furthermore, the collision speed is between 250 mm / s and 380 mm / s, and the collision angle is between 15° and 25°.

[0033] Furthermore, before the workpiece positioning step, it also includes workpiece processing and material selection steps, the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer are ground, polished and degreased, and the bearing material layer is made of conductive material.

[0034] Furthermore, the thickness of the bearing material layer is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer and the outer diameter surface of the bearing matrix layer is 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

[0035] Furthermore, the thickness of the bearing material layer is 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer and the outer diameter surface of the bearing matrix layer is 0.5 mm to 8 mm.

[0036] Furthermore, the thickness of the bearing material layer is 1 mm to 3 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer and the outer diameter surface of the bearing matrix layer is 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0037] Furthermore, in the charging and discharging step, the current switch is kept disconnected, the charging switch is closed, and the charging unit charges the capacitor group to reach the charging voltage; the charging switch is disconnected, and the current switch is closed to release the electric energy stored in the capacitor group and provide a sinusoidal alternating current for the induction coil.

[0038] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0039] 1. The preparation equipment of the present invention is designed with an electromagnetic pulse welding device for the preparation of composite layer sliding bearings, which can quickly and conveniently perform continuous magnetic pulse welding of the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer, thereby reducing the preparation cost and difficulty of the sliding bearing, and pioneeringly applies continuous magnetic pulse welding to the welding process of large-diameter industrial workpieces.

[0040] 2. The preparation equipment of the present invention changes the shape of the mating part between the magnetic collector and the bearing material layer so that the magnetic collector can adapt to the deformed shape of the bearing material layer during continuous welding, and changes the radial gap between the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer, thereby solving the problem that the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer cannot be effectively combined during continuous welding due to the lack of sufficient acceleration space for the inclined part left over from the previous welding.

[0041] 3. The preparation method of the present invention sets a step for processing the outer surface of the bearing base layer, and processes an inclined concave surface on the outer surface of the bearing base layer, so that without changing the shape of the matching part between the magnetic collector and the bearing material layer, the inclined part left over from the previous welding has sufficient acceleration space before the second welding begins, thereby solving the problem that the bearing material layer and the bearing base layer cannot be effectively combined.

[0042] 4. The preparation method of the present invention further designs specific preferred parameters such as the collision angle, collision speed and gap size between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer and the outer diameter surface of the bearing matrix layer, so that the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer can obtain a sufficiently strong and long-term stable metallurgical bonding interface, which is beneficial to improving the product quality of the composite layer sliding bearing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a composite layer sliding bearing according to an embodiment is shown;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic pulse welding device according to an embodiment is shown;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a workpiece assembly of an electromagnetic pulse welding device for welding a workpiece is shown;

[0047] Figure 4 The morphologies of different bonding interfaces after electromagnetic pulse welding are shown;

[0048] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a workpiece after completing one electromagnetic pulse welding is shown;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a collision workpiece is shown;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the welding interface after continuous welding without changing the tooling is shown;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of performing multiple continuous welding in Example 1 is shown;

[0052] Fig. 9 A cross-sectional view of the magnetic collector and the workpiece is shown when the shape of the magnetic collector is not changed;

[0053] Fig.10 A cross-sectional view of the magnetic collector and the workpiece in Example 2 is shown;

[0054] Fig.11 A cross-sectional view of the magnetic collector and the workpiece in Example 3 is shown;

[0055] Fig.12 A cross-sectional view of a workpiece after continuous welding in each embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0056] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0057] 1. Sliding bearing; 2. Bearing material layer; 3. Bearing matrix layer; 4. Planetary pin; 5. Electromagnetic pulse welding device; 6. Pulse control component; 7. Energy storage component; 8. Workpiece component; 9. Induction coil; 10. Magnetic collector; 11. First oblique line; 12. Second oblique line; 13. Flat interface; 14. Wave interface; 15. Fusion interface; 16. Combination interface; 17. Gap interface; 18. Oblique concave surface; 19. Current switch; 20. Capacitor group; 21. Spacer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0059] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and these embodiments cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The term "including" when used indicates the existence of a feature, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features; the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention; in addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] In the description, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0061] The present invention proposes a preparation device for a composite layer sliding bearing, such as Figure 1 As shown, the sliding bearing 1 prepared in the present application includes at least one bearing material layer 2 and a bearing matrix layer 3, wherein the bearing material layer 2 surrounds and is connected to the radial outer side of the bearing matrix layer 3. The function of the bearing material layer 2 is to lubricate and reduce friction, and to improve the surface performance of the sliding bearing. The function of the bearing matrix layer 3 is to bear the load, and to improve the fatigue strength and load-bearing capacity of the sliding bearing. The outer surface of the bearing material layer 2 may have a surface coating.

[0062] Furthermore, the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 may both be hollow cylindrical, or the bearing matrix layer 3 may include the planetary pin 4. The bearing material layer 2 may be an integral column or a segmented column.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the preparation equipment proposed in the present application includes an electromagnetic pulse welding device 5, which can generate a pulse magnetic field and act on the bearing material layer 2, so that the bearing material layer 2 is accelerated and collides with the bearing matrix layer 3 under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force, so as to perform a welding connection between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3.

[0064] Specifically, the electromagnetic pulse welding device 5 includes a pulse control component 6, an energy storage component 7 and a workpiece component 8. The workpiece component 8 includes an induction coil 9 and a magnetic collector 10. The pulse control component 6 can provide a strong pulse current to the energy storage component 7, and the energy storage component 7 can store electrical energy and perform pulse discharge through the induction coil 9.

[0065] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the pulse current provided by the energy storage component 7 flows through the induction coil 9 to generate a pulse magnetic field. The magnetic collector 10 is located radially outside the bearing material layer 2. The function of the magnetic collector 10 is to concentrate the magnetic field in a limited working area, increase the magnetic field strength, and apply this concentrated electromagnetic force to the bearing material layer 2, so that the area of ​​the bearing material layer 2 that is acted on is accelerated to collide with the bearing base layer 3 under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force, thereby achieving a durable and firm joint surface of metallurgical bonding. A thin polymer film is placed between the magnetic collector 10 and the induction coil 9 to avoid electrical contact and maintain the concentricity of the magnetic field shield.

[0066] Preferably, the induction coil 9 can be a single-turn or multi-turn coil according to the actual welding requirements. The induction coil 9 is made of a highly conductive material, such as a special copper alloy or aluminum alloy. The magnetic collector material should have good mechanical and conductive properties. The material of the magnetic collector 10 can be the following materials: CuBe2, Steel, Cuprofor, Siclanic, etc.

[0067] Preferably, the pulse control component 6 includes a charging unit and a charging switch, and the energy storage component 7 includes a capacitor group 20 and a current switch 19 . The capacitor group 20 can store the electric energy provided by the charging unit and provide a sinusoidal alternating current to the induction coil 9 .

[0068] In addition, the effective length of a single electromagnetic pulse welding is 1 to 10 mm, and the existing tooling cannot meet the requirements of continuous welding of sliding bearings with a length of several hundred millimeters. The preparation equipment of the composite sliding bearing of the present application also includes a clamping device, which is used to clamp the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3, and enable the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 to move in the axial direction between the magnetic collector 10 relative to the magnetic collector 10.

[0069] In summary, the present application further proposes a method for preparing a composite layer sliding bearing, using the preparation equipment according to the above, referring to Figure 2 As shown, and includes the following steps:

[0070] In the workpiece positioning step S1, the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 are combined and placed between the induction coil 9 and the magnetic flux collector 10 using a clamping device.

[0071] In the charging and discharging step S2, the electromagnetic pulse welding device 5 provides a pulse current to the induction coil 9. Specifically, the current switch 19 is kept open, the charging switch is closed, and the charging unit charges the capacitor bank 20 to reach the charging voltage. Then the charging switch is opened, the current switch 19 is closed, the electric energy stored in the capacitor bank 20 is released, and the induction coil 9 is provided with a sinusoidal alternating current.

[0072] In the collision bonding step S3, a section of the bearing material layer 2 in the axial direction is accelerated and collides with the bearing matrix layer 3 under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force to form a welding bonding interface. Specifically, after several rounds of sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current value is weakened to zero. In the first half wave of the alternating current, Figure 5 The bearing material layer 2 is accelerated by the electromagnetic Lorentz force and collides with the bearing base layer 12, so that the bearing material layer and the bearing base layer achieve a durable and strong metallurgical bonding surface. This process is usually completed within 50μs, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0073] In the continuous welding step S4, the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 are axially moved by the mobile clamping device for a certain distance, and the charging and discharging step S2 and the collision bonding step S3 are continued. This step is repeated for multiple times to complete the welding to obtain the sliding bearing 1. Fig.12 shown.

[0074] After electromagnetic pulse welding, if an effective bond is formed between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3, a variety of different bonding interfaces may be generated, such as Figure 4 As shown, the interface after welding of the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 may contain a flat interface 13, a wavy interface 14, and a fusion interface 15 of waves and intermetallic compounds, wherein the wavy interface 14 can be a regular wave or an irregular interface, and the larger the wave amplitude, the better the interface bonding strength.

[0075] In the present invention, the interface bonding quality between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 is determined by the collision speed of the bearing material layer 2 and the collision angle between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3. Specifically, in the collision bonding step S3, preferably, the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer 2 is made to collide with the bearing matrix layer 3 at a collision angle of 5° to 50° relative to the outer diameter surface of the bearing matrix layer 3 and a collision speed of 10 mm / s to 1000 mm / s.

[0076] More preferably, the collision speed is between 200 mm / s and 600 mm / s, and the collision angle is between 10° and 35°. Most preferably, the collision speed is between 250 mm / s and 380 mm / s, and the collision angle is between 15° and 25°.

[0077] Before the workpiece positioning step S1, the workpiece processing and material selection steps are also included. In this step, the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 are polished and degreased. The electromagnetic Lorentz force of magnetic pulse welding has high requirements on the conductivity of the material. The bearing material layer 2 is specified to be a conductive material, composed of a bearing alloy, such as an aluminum-tin alloy, such as AlSn20Cu, AlSn20CuMn, etc.; it can also be a copper-based alloy, such as an alloy of copper with tin, lead, zinc and aluminum. The bearing matrix layer 3 is made of steel material, such as No. 10 steel, No. 45 steel, etc.

[0078] In addition, there must be a certain gap between the inner diameter of the bearing material layer 2 and the outer diameter of the bearing matrix layer 3, so that the bearing material layer 2 has a sufficient acceleration distance by means of the electromagnetic Lorentz magnetic force, and meets the necessary impact process of the electromagnetic welding process, so that the inner diameter of the bearing material layer 2 accelerates and collides with the outer diameter of the bearing matrix layer 3. The size of this gap affects the energy conversion efficiency of the joint interface during electromagnetic pulse welding. A smaller gap causes a large amount of energy to be converted into plastic deformation in the transition zone, and the joint cannot achieve metallurgical bonding; if the gap distance is too large, a large amount of energy is converted into heat energy, causing loss during the acceleration process.

[0079] Specifically, preferably, the thickness of the bearing material layer 2 is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer 2 and the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer 3 is 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

[0080] More preferably, the thickness of the bearing material layer 2 is 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer 2 and the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer 3 is 0.5 mm to 8 mm.

[0081] Most preferably, the thickness of the bearing material layer 2 is 1 mm to 3 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer 2 and the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer 3 is 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0082] In addition, the voltage of magnetic pulse welding is set to 1-50 kV, further selected to 5-30 kV, and most preferably 6-20 kV. The energy applied by the induction coil 9 depends on the diameter of the sliding bearing. In particular, the larger the diameter of the bearing, the greater the energy required to be input. In the present invention, the coil energy can be specified to be between 5 kJ and 200 kJ, especially between 15 kJ and 150 kJ, and most preferably between 25 kJ and 100 kJ.

[0083] From the above, we can see that only when the collision angle and collision speed are in a certain reasonable combination can a good interface bonding quality be achieved. Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown in the figure, after the electromagnetic pulse welding completes one welding, a certain angle δ will be formed between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 at the welding end area, so that when the next welding is performed, the inclined length of the workpiece where the bearing material layer 2 was previously welded does not have enough acceleration space. If the tooling is not changed, the welding interface will be as follows after continuous welding. Figure 7 As shown, it is composed of alternating bonding interfaces 16 and gap interfaces 17, wherein the bonding interface 16 may contain the above-mentioned flat interface 13, wave interface 14, and fusion interface 15 of wave and intermetallic compound, but the existence of the gap interface 17 makes it impossible to achieve effective bonding between the internal workpiece and the external workpiece.

[0084] In order to solve the above technical problems, the following three embodiments are proposed.

[0085] Embodiment 1:

[0086] The method for preparing the composite layer sliding bearing in this embodiment further includes a step of processing the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer before the above-mentioned workpiece positioning step S1. Figure 8 As shown, on the outer surface of the bearing base layer 3, an inclined concave surface 18 is processed at a certain interval along the axial direction. A spacing portion 21 is formed between two adjacent inclined concave surfaces 18.

[0087] Specifically, combined Fig. 9 As shown, without changing the shape of the mating part of the magnet collector 10, in the outer surface processing step of the bearing matrix layer, the length a of the inclined concave surface 18 in the axial direction is not greater than the length L of the mating part of the magnet collector 10. The inclination angle γ of the cross section of the inclined concave surface 18 is consistent with the angle δ between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3, and its range is: 10°≤γ≤30°. The length b of the spacer 21 in the axial direction is consistent with the axial distance of the inclined part of the bearing material layer 2 after one welding. The height h of the inclined concave surface 18 is in the millimeter range, which is approximately equal to one tenth of the diameter of the bearing material layer 2.

[0088] The preparation method of this embodiment arranges a step of processing the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer, and processes an inclined concave surface on the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer, so that the inclined part of the bearing material layer after one welding can have a sufficient acceleration distance and a suitable collision angle during the next welding. Thus, the problem that the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer cannot be effectively combined is solved without changing the shape of the matching part of the magnetic collector and the bearing material layer.

[0089] Preferably, in the continuous welding step S4, the magnetic collector 10 does not move, and the inner and outer workpieces are moved each time, and the distance of each movement ranges from 0.5L to L. If the surface of the bearing material layer is to be smoother after welding, the moving distance should be as small as possible. The height of the corrugation on the welding surface increases with the decrease of the moving distance. When the moving distance is 0.5L, the surface of the bearing material layer is basically smooth. When the moving distance reaches L, obvious defects will appear, and the corrugation height increases.

[0090] Embodiment 2:

[0091] The preparation method of the composite layer sliding bearing in this embodiment does not include the outer surface processing step of the bearing matrix layer in embodiment 1, that is, the outer surface shape of the bearing matrix layer 3 is not changed, but combined with Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the electromagnetic pulse welding device 5 of this embodiment is different, and the shape of the part where the magnetic collector 10 and the bearing material layer 2 cooperate needs to be changed.

[0092] Specifically, if Fig.10 As shown, the shape of the part where the axial inner side of the cross section of the magnetic collector 10 cooperates with the bearing material layer 2 is set to be two consecutive oblique lines with the same inclination direction. Along the relative movement direction of the magnetic collector 10, the angle between the first oblique line 11 and the axial direction is α, and the angle between the second oblique line 12 and the axial direction is β.

[0093] The included angles of the first oblique line 11 and the second oblique line 12 with the axial direction satisfy the following relationship: 60°>α>β>0°.

[0094] Preferably, 30°≥α≥10°, and 15°≥β.

[0095] More preferably, 25°≥α≥15°.

[0096] In this embodiment, 5°≥β>0°.

[0097] The preparation equipment of this embodiment changes the shape of the matching part between the magnetic collector and the bearing material layer 2 so that the magnetic collector can adapt to the deformed shape of the bearing material layer 2 during the continuous welding process, and at the same time changes the radial gap between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3, thereby solving the problem that the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3 cannot be effectively combined due to the lack of sufficient acceleration space of the inclined part left over from the previous welding during the continuous welding process.

[0098] Embodiment 3:

[0099] This embodiment is basically the same as the second embodiment, and the outer surface shape of the bearing base layer 3 is not changed. Instead, the shape of the part where the magnetic collector 10 and the bearing material layer 2 cooperate is changed.

[0100] Specifically, refer to Fig.11 As shown, the shape of the part where the axial inner side of the cross section of the magnetic collector 10 in this embodiment cooperates with the bearing material layer 2 is also set to be two consecutive oblique lines with the same inclination direction, wherein the angle and length of the first oblique line 11 are the same as those in Example 2, and the difference is that the angle β between the second oblique line 12 and the axial direction is larger than that in Example 1.

[0101] That is, in this embodiment, the angles between the first oblique line 11 and the second oblique line 12 and the axial direction also satisfy the following relationship: 60°>α>β>0°.

[0102] Preferably, 30°≥α≥10°. Further preferably, 25°≥α≥15°.

[0103] In this embodiment, β satisfies 15°≥β>5°.

[0104] Compared with Example 2, the magnetism collector in this embodiment can not only adapt to the deformed shape of the bearing material layer during continuous welding, and change the radial gap between the bearing material layer 2 and the bearing matrix layer 3, but also form an inclined collision at the beginning of welding. After the first welding is completed, the unwelded part of the bearing material layer 2 is tilted and deformed in advance, which is beneficial to the next welding. Therefore, when the next welding movement starts, the shape of the bearing material layer 2 after the tilt collision better adapts to the magnetic field distribution brought by the angle of the magnetism collector, so as to achieve the purpose of continuous welding.

[0105] In summary, from the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0106] 1. The preparation equipment of the present invention is designed with an electromagnetic pulse welding device for the preparation of composite layer sliding bearings, which can quickly and conveniently perform continuous magnetic pulse welding of the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer, thereby reducing the preparation cost and difficulty of the sliding bearing, and pioneeringly applies continuous magnetic pulse welding to the welding process of large-diameter industrial workpieces.

[0107] 2. The preparation equipment of the present invention changes the shape of the mating part between the magnetic collector and the bearing material layer so that the magnetic collector can adapt to the deformed shape of the bearing material layer during continuous welding, and changes the radial gap between the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer, thereby solving the problem that the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer cannot be effectively combined during continuous welding due to the lack of sufficient acceleration space for the inclined part left over from the previous welding.

[0108] 3. The preparation method of the present invention sets a step for processing the outer surface of the bearing base layer, and processes an inclined concave surface on the outer surface of the bearing base layer, so that without changing the shape of the matching part between the magnetic collector and the bearing material layer, the inclined part left over from the previous welding has sufficient acceleration space before the second welding begins, thereby solving the problem that the bearing material layer and the bearing base layer cannot be effectively combined.

[0109] 4. The preparation method of the present invention further designs specific preferred parameters such as the collision angle, collision speed and gap size between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer and the outer diameter surface of the bearing matrix layer, so that the bearing material layer and the bearing matrix layer can obtain a sufficiently strong and long-term stable metallurgical bonding interface, which is beneficial to improving the product quality of the composite layer sliding bearing.

[0110] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation device for a composite layer sliding bearing, wherein the sliding bearing (1) comprises at least one bearing material layer (2) and a bearing matrix layer (3), wherein the bearing material layer (2) is wrapped around and connected to the radial outer side of the bearing matrix layer (3), characterized in that: The preparation equipment comprises an electromagnetic pulse welding device (5), which can generate a pulsed magnetic field and act on the bearing material layer (2), so that the bearing material layer (2) is accelerated and collides with the bearing matrix layer (3) under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force, so as to perform a welding connection between the bearing material layer (2) and the bearing matrix layer (3).

2. The preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic pulse welding device (5) comprises a workpiece assembly (8), wherein the workpiece assembly (8) comprises an induction coil (9) and a magnetic collector (10), wherein the induction coil (9) generates the pulse magnetic field, and the magnetic collector (10) is located radially outside the bearing material layer (2), and the magnetic collector (10) concentrates and enhances the electromagnetic force and acts on the bearing material layer (2).

3. The preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation equipment also includes a clamping device, which is used to clamp the bearing material layer (2) and the bearing matrix layer (3) and enable the bearing material layer (2) and the bearing matrix layer (3) to move in an axial direction relative to the magnetic collector (10) between the magnetic collector (10).

4. The preparation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shape of the portion where the axial inner side of the cross section of the magnet collector (10) cooperates with the bearing material layer (2) is set as two consecutive oblique lines with the same inclination direction, and along the relative movement direction of the magnet collector (10), the angle between the first oblique line (11) and the axial direction is α, and the angle between the second oblique line (12) and the axial direction is β.

5. The preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angles between the first oblique line (11) and the second oblique line (12) and the axial direction satisfy the following relationship: 60°＞α＞β＞0° 6. The preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angles between the first oblique line (11) and the second oblique line (12) and the axial direction also satisfy the following relationship: 30°≥α≥10°，15°≥β 7. The preparation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The angles between the first oblique line (11) and the second oblique line (12) and the axial direction also satisfy the following relationship: 25°≥α≥15°；β＞5° 8. The preparation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic pulse welding device (5) further comprises a pulse control component (6) and an energy storage component (7), wherein the pulse control component (6) provides a pulse current to the energy storage component (7), and the energy storage component (7) can store electrical energy and perform pulse discharge through the induction coil (9).

9. The preparation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pulse control component (6) comprises a charging unit and a charging switch, and the energy storage component (7) comprises a capacitor group (20) and a current switch (19). The capacitor group (20) can store the electric energy provided by the charging unit and provide a sinusoidal alternating current to the induction coil (9).

10. The preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the magnetic collector (10) is one of the following: CuBe2, Steel, Cuprofor, Siclanic.

11. A method for preparing a composite layer sliding bearing, characterized in that: Using the preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and comprising the following steps: Workpiece positioning step S1, combining the bearing material layer (2) and the bearing matrix layer (3) and placing them between the induction coil (9) and the magnetic collector (10) using a clamping device; In a charging and discharging step S2, the electromagnetic pulse welding device (5) provides a pulse current to the induction coil (9); A collision bonding step S3, in which a section of the bearing material layer (2) in the axial direction is accelerated and collides with the bearing matrix layer (3) under the action of the electromagnetic Lorentz force, thereby forming a welding bonding interface; The continuous welding step S4 is to axially move the bearing material layer (2) and the bearing matrix layer (3) by moving the clamping device for a certain distance, and then continue to perform the charging and discharging step S2 and the collision bonding step S3. This step is repeated for multiple times to complete the welding and obtain the sliding bearing (1).

12. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: Before the workpiece positioning step S1, a bearing base layer outer surface processing step is also included, in which an inclined concave surface (18) is processed at a certain interval along the axial direction on the outer surface of the bearing base layer (3).

13. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the step of processing the outer surface of the bearing matrix layer, the length a of the inclined concave surface (18) in the axial direction is not greater than the length L of the matching part of the magnetic collector (10), and the inclination angle γ of the cross section of the inclined concave surface (18) is in the range of: 10°≤γ≤30°.

14. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: In the collision bonding step S3, the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer (2) collides with the bearing base layer (3) at a collision angle between 5° and 50° relative to the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer (3) and a collision speed between 10 mm / s and 1000 mm / s.

15. The preparation method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The collision speed is between 200 mm / s and 600 mm / s, and the collision angle is between 10° and 35°.

16. The preparation method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The collision speed is between 250 mm / s and 380 mm / s, and the collision angle is between 15° and 25°.

17. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: Before the workpiece positioning step S1, the method also includes workpiece processing and material selection steps, wherein the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing material layer (2) and the bearing matrix layer (3) are polished and degreased, and the bearing material layer (2) is made of conductive material.

18. The preparation method according to claim 17, characterized in that: The thickness of the bearing material layer (2) is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer (2) and the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer (3) is 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

19. The preparation method according to claim 18, characterized in that: The thickness of the bearing material layer (2) is 0.5 mm to 4 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer (2) and the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer (3) is 0.5 mm to 8 mm.

20. The preparation method according to claim 19, characterized in that: The thickness of the bearing material layer (2) is 1 mm to 3 mm, and the gap between the inner diameter surface of the bearing material layer (2) and the outer diameter surface of the bearing base layer (3) is 1 mm to 5 mm.

21. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: In the charging and discharging step S2, the current switch (19) is kept disconnected, the charging switch is closed, and the charging unit charges the capacitor group (20) to reach the charging voltage; the charging switch is disconnected, the current switch (19) is closed, the electric energy stored in the capacitor group (20) is released, and the induction coil (9) is provided with a sinusoidal alternating current.

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