Highway composite card reader

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent traffic, in particular to a highway composite card reader. The system comprises a single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer processes and analyzes data from different sources and sends out instructions according to needs. The single chip microcomputer comprises a plurality of reader-writer chips, a communication module and a power input end, the reader-writer chips are used for receiving and processing signals sent by the built-in antenna, and the built-in antenna receives signals sent by the external antenna; the communication module is used for the access of external equipment; the power supply input end provides electric energy required by work for the whole single-chip microcomputer. According to the highway composite card reader, environmental influence factors are introduced into cyclic redundancy check codes for optimization, dynamic adjustment can be performed according to environmental conditions, the retransmission frequency is reduced, and the overall efficiency of a system is improved; therefore, the error detection rate can be improved by increasing the length of the check bit of the cyclic redundancy check code under severe conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of intelligent transportation technology, in particular to a composite card reader for a highway. Background Art

[0002] The highway composite card reader is divided into built-in antenna (desktop type) and external antenna. It is a key device in the ambiguous path identification system and a core device in the lane system. It has high-frequency reading and writing functions, can complete the reading and writing of the logical encryption card of the composite pass card and the RFID active electronic tag, and can read the wireless positioning information. It adopts online operation mode and has RS232 / RJ45 / USB port for communication with the computer. The reader has a strong anti-interference ability. The radio equipment and various electrical devices on the vehicle or near the lane will not cause interference and misreading and writing to the reader. It is usually placed on the desktop of the toll booth at the entrance and exit of the road network or in the external toll station lane, and completes the toll collection function together with the lane toll collection system. The generating polynomial in the cyclic redundancy check code algorithm in the traditional communication process is fixed, but in some scenarios, different generating polynomials cannot be dynamically selected according to the channel characteristics, which increases the probability of error detection. Therefore, a highway composite card reader is designed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a highway composite card reader to solve the problem in the above background technology that different generating polynomials cannot be dynamically selected according to channel characteristics, thereby increasing the probability of false detection.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a highway composite card reader, comprising: A single chip microcomputer, which processes and analyzes data from different sources and issues instructions according to its needs; The single-chip microcomputer includes several reader / writer chips, communication modules and power input terminals. The reader / writer chips are used to receive and process signals sent by the built-in antenna, and the built-in antenna receives signals sent by the external antenna. The communication module is used for external devices to access and use. The power input terminal provides the power required for the entire single-chip microcomputer to work. The single-chip microcomputer also includes a display module, an alarm module and a SIM card module. The display module is used to display real-time information of the highway. When the single-chip microcomputer analyzes that the signal is abnormal, the alarm module generates an audible and visual alarm signal, triggers the early warning mechanism of the alarm module, and issues an alarm; the SIM card module is used to accommodate and read SIM card information. The SIM card stores user information, and the SIM card module can also verify the user's identity.

[0005] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the reader / writer chip can identify the current state of the smart card, including the sleep state, the standby state and the working state.

[0006] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the reader chip has a built-in triple DES encryption algorithm, which includes encryption, decryption and two-way authentication. The encryption and decryption are specifically as follows: An encryption process using three separate keys: Use the first key For plain text Perform DES encryption to obtain ; Use the second key Decrypt the result of the previous step by DES ; Using the third key Perform DES encryption on the result of the previous step to obtain the final ciphertext ; Decryption process using three separate keys: use Perform DES decryption: ; use To perform DES encryption: ; use Perform DES decryption: .

[0007] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the two-way authentication is specifically: Known shared key between reader and smart card ; S1. Card reader generates random number As a challenge, the reader uses right Perform 3DES encryption and send the encrypted Send to smart card; S2, smart card receives encrypted ,use Perform 3DES decryption to get the original ; Smart card generates its own random number ; Smart card usage right and Perform 3DES encryption and then send the encrypted message back to the card reader; S3, the card reader receives the response from the smart card and uses Perform 3DES decryption and get and ; The card reader checks the decrypted Is it the same as the previously generated Match, if it matches, the identity of the smart card is verified; S4. The card reader generates a new random number ; Card reader use right and Perform 3DES encryption and send the encrypted message to the smart card; the smart card receives the response from the card reader and uses Perform 3DES decryption and get and ; Smart card checks the decrypted Is it the same as the previously generated If they match, the reader's identity is also verified.

[0008] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the external antenna is connected to the built-in antenna interface of the single-chip microcomputer through a coaxial radio frequency cable. When the external antenna receives a wireless signal, the wireless signal is transmitted to the built-in antenna through the connecting line; the built-in antenna processes the received signal and analyzes the information carried in the wireless signal; Similarly, when the microcontroller needs to send a signal, the interface of the built-in antenna encodes the data to be sent into a format suitable for wireless transmission, and transmits it through the external antenna through the same interface of the built-in antenna.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the communication module includes an Ethernet port, a serial port and a USB. The communication module is wirelessly connected to a communication host. The communication host can send instructions to the single-chip microcomputer and also receive instructions transmitted by the single-chip microcomputer.

[0010] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the communication module uses cyclic redundancy check during data transmission, as follows: ; in, is a cyclic redundancy check code; is the original data bit string; is the coding number; Minus 1 from the order of the generating polynomial; is a polynomial; It is a modular operation; The environmental factors are introduced into the cyclic redundancy check code for optimization, specifically: ; in, for; is the weight factor of signal strength; is the signal strength; is the weight factor of the noise level; is the noise level; is the weight factor of the channel type; is the channel type; is a function that depends on the channel type; is the weight factor of the multipath effect; is the multipath effect; is the weight factor of the fading degree; is the degree of decline; ; in, is the optimized redundancy check code; is the number of redundant bits determined by environmental factors; is the generating polynomial selected according to environmental factors.

[0011] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the sound and light alarm signals include three types, namely, sound and light alarm signals indicating correct reading and writing, alarm signals indicating reading and writing errors or incomplete reading and writing, and alarm signals indicating reader failure.

[0012] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the display module includes a cashier information display screen and a color display screen on the card reader.

[0013] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the single chip microcomputer controls the lights of the channels on both sides of the card reader.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The highway composite card reader introduces environmental influence factors into the cyclic redundancy check code for optimization, and can be dynamically adjusted according to environmental conditions, which can reduce the number of retransmissions and improve the overall efficiency of the system; the length of the cyclic redundancy check code check bit is adjusted according to environmental conditions. Under harsh conditions, increasing the length of the cyclic redundancy check code check bit can improve the error detection rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 The hardware framework diagram of the present invention as a whole; Figure 3 This is a hardware flow chart of the present invention as a whole.

[0016] The meaning of each number in the figure is: 1. Single chip microcomputer; 11. Reader / writer chip; 12. Communication module; 13. Power input terminal; 14. Display module; 15. Alarm module; 16. SIM card module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] See also Figure 1 As shown, a highway composite card reader is provided, including a single chip microcomputer 1, which processes and analyzes data from different sources and issues instructions according to its needs; The single-chip computer 1 includes a plurality of reader / writer chips 11, a communication module 12 and a power input terminal 13. The reader / writer chip 11 is used to receive and process signals sent by a built-in antenna, and the built-in antenna receives signals sent by an external antenna; the communication module 12 is used for access to external devices; and the power input terminal 13 provides the entire single-chip computer 1 with the power required for operation; The reader chip 11 can identify the current state of the smart card, including the sleep state, the standby state and the working state; The reader chip 11 has a built-in triple DES encryption algorithm, which includes encryption, decryption and two-way authentication. The encryption and decryption are specifically as follows: An encryption process using three separate keys: Use the first key For plain text Perform DES encryption to obtain ; Use the second key Decrypt the result of the previous step by DES ; Using the third key Perform DES encryption on the result of the previous step to obtain the final ciphertext ; Decryption process using three separate keys: use Perform DES decryption: ; use To perform DES encryption: ; use Perform DES decryption: .

[0019] Bidirectional authentication is as follows: Known shared key between reader and smart card ; S1. Card reader generates random number As a challenge, the reader uses right Perform 3DES encryption and send the encrypted Sent to the smart card.

[0020] S2, smart card receives encrypted ,use Perform 3DES decryption to get the original ; Smart card generates its own random number ; Smart card usage right and Perform 3DES encryption and then send the encrypted message back to the card reader; S3, the card reader receives the response from the smart card and uses Perform 3DES decryption and get and ; The card reader checks the decrypted Is it the same as the previously generated Match, if it matches, the identity of the smart card is verified; S4. The card reader generates a new random number ; Card reader use right and Perform 3DES encryption and send the encrypted message to the smart card; the smart card receives the response from the card reader and uses Perform 3DES decryption and get and ; Smart card checks the decrypted Is it the same as the previously generated If they match, the reader's identity is also verified.

[0021] Furthermore, the external antenna is connected to the internal antenna interface of the single-chip computer 1 through a coaxial radio frequency cable. When the external antenna receives a wireless signal, the wireless signal is transmitted to the internal antenna through the connecting line; the internal antenna processes the received signal and analyzes the information carried in the wireless signal; Similarly, when the single chip microcomputer 1 needs to send a signal, the interface of the built-in antenna encodes the data to be sent into a format suitable for wireless transmission, and transmits it through the external antenna through the same interface of the built-in antenna.

[0022] The communication module 12 includes an Ethernet port, a serial port and a USB port, and the communication module 12 is wirelessly connected to the communication host; The communication module 12 uses cyclic redundancy check during data transmission. Cyclic redundancy check is a check code used to detect data transmission errors. The generation and detection of CRC code is based on the principle of binary division. A generator polynomial is used to generate a check code of fixed length. This check code is attached to the original data and transmitted together. The receiver can use the same generator polynomial to perform the same calculation on the received data. If the remainder obtained is 0, it is considered that there is no error in the data. The details are as follows: ; in, is a cyclic redundancy check code; is the original data bit string; is the coding number; Minus 1 from the order of the generating polynomial; is a polynomial; It is a modular operation; According to the above formula, the generation process of the cyclic redundancy check code is as follows: set the cyclic redundancy check register to the state of all 1 or all 0, depending on the specific cyclic redundancy check standard; perform an XOR operation on the cyclic redundancy check register and the leftmost bits of the data stream; use the result to divide by the generating polynomial (modulo 2 division), that is, perform a shift operation and check whether the highest bit is 1. If it is 1, perform an XOR operation with the generating polynomial, otherwise only perform a shift operation; repeat steps 2 and 3 for each bit of the data stream until all data bits are processed; after processing all data bits, the value of the cyclic redundancy check register is the cyclic redundancy check code, which is attached to the data for transmission.

[0023] The purpose of the cyclic redundancy check code algorithm is to detect whether bit errors occur during data transmission, which are usually random and caused by external factors such as noise, interference or signal attenuation; Although the generator polynomial is fixed in traditional cyclic redundancy check code algorithms, in some scenarios, we may dynamically select different generator polynomials based on channel characteristics to improve the probability of error detection. For example, if the channel error pattern tends to have long-term bit errors, we can choose a generator polynomial that can better detect such errors; Adding additional redundant information to the data packet, which can be dynamically adjusted based on environmental conditions (such as signal-to-noise ratio, channel quality, etc.). In this way, when channel conditions deteriorate, redundancy can be increased to improve error detection and correction capabilities; On the basis of cyclic redundancy check code, forward error correction code is added. The forward error correction code can automatically correct a certain number of errors, while the cyclic redundancy check code is used to verify whether the forward error correction code has successfully corrected the errors. This combination can reduce the number of retransmissions and improve the overall efficiency of the system; Adjust the length of the cyclic redundancy check code check bit according to environmental conditions (such as channel quality). In harsh conditions, increasing the length of the cyclic redundancy check code check bit can improve the error detection rate; The environmental factors are introduced into the cyclic redundancy check code for optimization, specifically: ; in, for; is the weight factor of signal strength; is the signal strength; is the weight factor of the noise level; is the noise level; is the weight factor of the channel type; is the channel type; is a function that depends on the channel type; is the weight factor of the multipath effect; is the multipath effect; is the weight factor of the fading degree; is the degree of decline; Indicates the logarithm of the signal strength. This is done to avoid over-interpretation when the signal strength is very large. have an excessive impact; It represents the inverse of the noise level. This is done because the smaller the noise, the greater its contribution to the environmental impact; Represents the square root of the multipath effect. This is done to make Sensitive to large multipath effects; An exponential function that represents the degree of attenuation. The higher the attenuation, the greater the The smaller the impact; ; in, is the optimized redundancy check code; is the number of redundant bits determined by environmental factors; is the generating polynomial selected according to environmental factors.

[0024] The single-chip computer 1 also includes a display module 14, an alarm module 15 and a SIM card module 16. The display module 14 is used to display real-time information of the highway. When the single-chip computer 1 analyzes the signal abnormality, the alarm module 15 generates an audible and visual alarm signal, triggers the early warning mechanism of the alarm module, and issues an alarm. The SIM card module 16 is used to accommodate and read SIM card information. The SIM card stores the user's information, and the SIM card module 16 can also verify the user's identity. The audible and visual alarm signal includes three types, namely, the audible and visual alarm signal of correct reading and writing, the alarm signal of reading and writing errors or incompleteness, and the alarm signal of reader failure. The display module 14 includes the cashier information display screen and the color display screen on the card reader. The single-chip computer 1 can control the lights of the channels on both sides of the card reader.

[0025] By integrating advanced communication technology, data processing capabilities and human-computer interaction interfaces, automated toll collection, vehicle management and system monitoring are achieved, greatly improving the efficiency and safety of highway operations.

[0026] according to Figure 2 , is the hardware framework diagram of the card reader; the signal is first received through the external antenna, and then passed to the reader chip. The reader chip is responsible for processing the received information and sending it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is the control center of the entire system. It can process data from different sources and issue instructions to other parts as needed.

[0027] Inside the single-chip computer, there is a color display screen for displaying various information; there is also a buzzer alarm light indicator device, which will make a sound or flash a warning light to alert the user when an abnormal situation occurs; in addition, there is a toll collector information screen display function, which is convenient for staff to check the current status, etc.

[0028] In addition to the functions mentioned above, the system also has multiple communication methods such as RJ45 network port, serial port and USB port for external device access; it also supports SIM card module to realize remote management and other functions; in addition, it can also adjust and control the ambient light through the channel light control system. Finally, at the bottom, you can see a DC12V power input terminal and a toll channel LED control system output terminal. The former provides the power required for the entire system to work; the latter is used to drive the external LED display to display relevant data and other content.

[0029] according to Figure 3, which is the hardware flow chart of the card reader; among them, the specific descriptions of U1-U13 chips are as follows: U1's model is CH9121, which is a chip for converting network port to serial port, realizing the 100M network port function. U2's model is SLVU2.8-4, which is an ESD protection chip, realizing the ESD protection function on the network port circuit. U3's model is ASM1117-1.8, which is a power chip, converting the input power to 1.8V output to meet the 1.8v voltage requirement on the circuit board. U5's model is CH340G, which is a USB serial port chip, realizing the conversion between serial port and USB interface. U6's model is STM32F101C8T6, which is the main control chip, realizing control and communication functions. U7's model is SP3232EESE, realizing the serial port chip function, meeting the conversion between TTL level and RS232 level. The model of U8 is AP1509-50S, which is a power supply DC chip that converts the input power to the 5V power supply of the board. The model of U4\U9 is AME8822AEEV330, which realizes the power conversion. The model of U10 is CD4052, which is a four-way multiplexer. The main control chip controls 4 independent PSAM chips through this chip. The model of U11 is ws1850s, which is an NFC reader chip. Its function is to support ISO / IEC14443A / MIFARE. ISO / IEC14443B communication protocol, and it has an SPI communication interface. The main control can complete the read / write card / calculation function through the SPI interface according to the protocol. The model of U12 is fsv9563, which is an NFC reader chip. Its function is to support ISO / IEC14443A / MIFARE. ISO / IEC14443B communication protocol, and it has an SPI communication interface. The main control can complete the read / write card / calculation function through the SPI interface according to the protocol. The U13 model is fm176xx, which is an NFC reader chip that supports ISO / IEC14443A / MIFARE and ISO / IEC14443B communication protocols and has an SPI communication interface. The master control can complete the read / write card / calculation functions according to the protocol through the SPI interface.

[0030] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A highway composite card reader, characterized in that: include: A single chip microcomputer (1), wherein the single chip microcomputer (1) processes and analyzes data from different sources and issues instructions according to its needs; The single-chip computer (1) comprises a plurality of reader / writer chips (11), a communication module (12) and a power input terminal (13); the reader / writer chip (11) is used to receive and process signals sent by a built-in antenna, and the built-in antenna receives signals sent by an external antenna; the communication module (12) is used for connection with external devices; and the power input terminal (13) provides the entire single-chip computer (1) with the electric energy required for operation; The single-chip computer (1) further comprises a display module (14), an alarm module (15) and a SIM card module (16); the display module (14) is used to display real-time information of the expressway; when the single-chip computer (1) analyses a signal abnormality, the alarm module (15) generates an audible and visual alarm signal, triggers the early warning mechanism of the alarm module, and issues an alarm; the SIM card module (16) is used to store and read SIM card information; the SIM card stores user information; and the SIM card module (16) can also verify the identity of the user.

2. The highway composite card reader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reader / writer chip (11) is capable of identifying the current state of the smart card, including a dormant state, a standby state and a working state.

3. The highway composite card reader according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reader / writer chip (11) has a built-in triple DES encryption algorithm, which includes encryption, decryption and two-way authentication. The encryption and decryption are specifically as follows: An encryption process using three separate keys: Use the first key For plain text Perform DES encryption to obtain ; Use the second key Decrypt the result of the previous step using DES ; Using the third key Perform DES encryption on the result of the previous step to obtain the final ciphertext ; Decryption process using three separate keys: use Perform DES decryption: ; use To perform DES encryption: ; use Perform DES decryption: .

4. The highway composite card reader according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two-way authentication is specifically: Known shared key between reader and smart card ; S1. Card reader generates random number As a challenge, the reader uses right Perform 3DES encryption and send the encrypted Send to smart card; S2, smart card receives encrypted ,use Perform 3DES decryption to get the original ; Smart cards generate their own random numbers ; Smart Card Usage right and Perform 3DES encryption and then send the encrypted message back to the card reader; S3, the card reader receives the response from the smart card and uses Perform 3DES decryption and get and ; The card reader checks the decrypted Is it the same as the previously generated Match, if it matches, the identity of the smart card is verified; S4. The card reader generates a new random number ; Card reader use right and Perform 3DES encryption and send the encrypted message to the smart card; the smart card receives the response from the card reader and uses Perform 3DES decryption and get and ; Smart card check decrypted Is it the same as the previously generated If they match, the reader's identity is also verified.

5. The highway composite card reader according to claim 4, characterized in that: The external antenna is connected to the internal antenna interface of the single-chip computer (1) via a coaxial radio frequency cable, and when the external antenna receives a wireless signal, the wireless signal is transmitted to the internal antenna via the connecting line; The built-in antenna processes the received signal and analyzes the information carried in the wireless signal; Similarly, when the single chip microcomputer (1) needs to send a signal, the interface of the internal antenna encodes the data to be sent into a format suitable for wireless transmission, and transmits it through the external antenna through the same interface of the internal antenna.

6. The highway composite card reader according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communication module (12) comprises a network port, a serial port and a USB. The communication module (12) is wirelessly connected to a communication host. The communication host can send instructions to the single-chip microcomputer (1) and also receive instructions transmitted by the single-chip microcomputer (1).

7. The highway composite card reader according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication module (12) utilizes cyclic redundancy check during data transmission, specifically as follows: ； in, is a cyclic redundancy check code; is the original data bit string; is the coding number; Minus 1 from the order of the generating polynomial; is a polynomial; It is a modular operation; The environmental factors are introduced into the cyclic redundancy check code for optimization, specifically: ； in, for; is the weight factor of signal strength; is the signal strength; is the weight factor of the noise level; is the noise level; is the weight factor of the channel type; is the channel type; is a function that depends on the channel type; is the weight factor of the multipath effect; is the multipath effect; is the weight factor of the fading degree; is the degree of decline; ； in, is the optimized redundancy check code; is the number of redundant bits determined by environmental factors; is the generating polynomial selected according to environmental factors.

8. The highway composite card reader according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sound and light alarm signals include three types, namely, sound and light alarm signals indicating that reading and writing are completed correctly, alarm signals indicating that reading and writing are erroneous or incomplete, and alarm signals indicating that the reader / writer is faulty.

9. The highway composite card reader according to claim 8, characterized in that: The display module (14) comprises a cashier information display screen and a color display screen on a card reader.

10. The highway composite card reader according to claim 9, characterized in that: The single chip microcomputer (1) controls the lights of the channels on both sides of the card reader.

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