Steel-wood beam column combined assembly joint

Abstract

The invention provides a steel-wood beam column combined assembly joint, which is used for assembling wood beams and comprises at least two I-shaped steel beams, at least two steel beams and at least two steel beams, the mounting frame comprises a first mounting plate arranged on a web of the I-shaped steel beam and two second mounting plates arranged at the two ends of the first mounting plate respectively, and the two second mounting plates are arranged on an upper flange and a lower flange of the I-shaped steel beam respectively and form mounting positions for mounting wood beams; the fastening unit comprises a top plate arranged at the mounting position in a sliding mode and an adjusting piece arranged on the first mounting plate, and the adjusting piece is connected with the top plate and used for enabling the top plate to move in the mounting position so that the top plate can abut against the wood beam or be separated from the wood beam. The whole assembling process does not need to drill holes in the wood beam, the early-stage machining process of the wood beam is simplified, the construction speed is increased, the wood beam is fixed through the mounting frame, the top plate and the adjusting piece instead of directly penetrating through the wood beam through a fastener, and the cracking problem caused by uneven stress of the wood beam is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of steel-wood combination, and in particular to a steel-wood beam-column combination assembly node. Background Art

[0002] Wooden structures have many advantages such as resource recycling, green environmental protection, thermal insulation, light weight and beauty, and convenient construction. In recent years, with the development of the economy and the enhancement of people's green environmental awareness, more and more wooden structures have been used in public buildings in my country.

[0003] At present, when assembling the secondary wooden beam and the steel main beam, a connecting steel plate is usually extended from the main beam, and then the secondary wooden beam and the steel main beam are connected by a pin shaft. For example, the Chinese patent "CN114277944B" discloses an assembled steel-wood composite node and an assembly method thereof, in which the second steel plate is inserted into a prefabricated steel sleeve along the reserved positions on both sides of the first wooden beam and the second wooden beam, and the reinforcement angle steel is placed in the reserved groove positions of the four corners of the first wooden beam and the second wooden beam, and is connected to the second steel plate and the first wooden beam and the second wooden beam by screws, and at the same time, the sleeve angle steel position on the prefabricated steel sleeve is connected to the first wooden beam and the second wooden beam by screws, and the longitudinal reinforcement is passed from top to bottom through the longitudinal reinforcement holes on the first wooden beam and the second wooden beam in the prefabricated steel sleeve, thereby forming a steel-wood composite node. However, in the connection between the wooden beams and the steel structure, fasteners such as pins and bolts are used to directly penetrate the wooden beams, which causes uneven force on the wooden beams after they are subjected to the force of the floor slabs. This may cause cracks in the connection parts of the wooden beams, affecting the assembly quality. In addition, the wooden beams need to be drilled in advance, which increases the number of steps. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node, which solves the problem in the prior art of using fasteners such as pins and bolts to directly penetrate the wooden beams, resulting in uneven force on the wooden beams after bearing the force of the floor slab, which may cause cracks in the connection parts of the wooden beams.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node is used to assemble a wood beam, comprising:

[0006] At least two I-beams, each I-beam is arranged at an interval, and the wooden beam is located between two adjacent I-beams;

[0007] A mounting frame, comprising a first mounting plate provided on the web of the I-beam and two second mounting plates respectively provided at both ends of the first mounting plate, the two second mounting plates respectively provided on the upper flange and the lower flange of the I-beam, and forming a mounting position for installing the wooden beam; and

[0008] The fastening unit comprises a top plate slidably arranged at the installation position and an adjusting member arranged at the first installation plate, wherein the adjusting member is connected to the top plate and is used to move the top plate in the installation position so as to abut against the wooden beam or separate from the wooden beam.

[0009] Preferably, the adjusting member includes two driving blocks mirror-imaged on the first mounting plate and a U-shaped frame rotatably mounted on the driving blocks, two pin seats are fixedly mounted on the top plate, the two U-shaped frames are rotatably mounted on the two pin seats respectively, mounting blocks are provided on both sides of the first mounting plate, a first adjusting rod is passed between the two mounting blocks, first threaded sections are provided at both ends of the first adjusting rod, and the two first threaded sections are respectively threadedly connected to the two driving blocks.

[0010] Preferably, a limiting rod is provided between the two mounting blocks, and the two driving blocks are slidably disposed on the limiting rod.

[0011] Preferably, a first adjusting block is fixedly provided at the end of the first adjusting rod.

[0012] Preferably, both sides of the top plate are provided with limiting plates, and the two limiting plates are respectively abutted against the two sides of the wooden beam.

[0013] Preferably, two mounting pins are provided on both sides of the top plate, the limiting plate is provided with a slide groove corresponding to the mounting pin, the mounting pin is slidably engaged in the corresponding slide groove, the top plate is fixed with a mounting seat, the mounting seat is rotatably provided with a second adjusting rod, both ends of the second adjusting rod are provided with a second threaded section, and the two limiting plates are rotatably provided with a moving block, and the two moving blocks are respectively threadedly connected to the two second threaded sections.

[0014] Preferably, the two sliding grooves of the limiting plate are interconnected to form a through groove, and the corresponding two mounting pins are connected by a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is slidably arranged in the through groove.

[0015] Preferably, a second adjusting block is provided at the end of the second adjusting rod.

[0016] Preferably, the two second mounting plates are each provided with a positioning groove, and both sides of the top plate are provided with a positioning block, and the positioning block is slidably engaged in the positioning groove.

[0017] Preferably, the two second mounting plates are each provided with a plurality of mounting holes, each mounting hole is penetrated by a through bolt, and each through bolt is respectively connected to the upper flange and the lower flange of the I-beam.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In this solution, two adjacent I-beams are used as main beams for supporting the wooden beams, and the wooden beams are directly erected between the two I-beams. The wooden beams can be supported by the lower flanges of the I-beams, so that the wooden beams and the I-beams can jointly bear the force brought by the floor slabs. At the same time, the cooperation of the mounting frame and the fastening unit forms an assembly node for fastening the ends of the wooden beams. When the wooden beam is erected between the two I-beams, the fastening units of the two I-beams are adjusted so that the top plate in the fastening unit moves toward the ends of the wooden beams, so that both ends of the wooden beams are limited by the top plate, thereby fixing the wooden beams between the two I-beams to ensure their stability. The entire assembly process does not require pre-drilling holes in the wooden beams, which simplifies the early processing flow of the wooden beams and speeds up the construction speed. Moreover, the wooden beams are fixed by the cooperation of the mounting frame, the top plate and the adjusting parts, rather than directly penetrating the wooden beams with fasteners, which can avoid the cracking of the wooden beams due to uneven force and reduce mechanical damage to the wooden beams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an assembly node installed between a wooden beam and an I-beam in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which a wooden beam is erected between two I-beams in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the wooden beam when rotating in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom view structure of the top plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting frame in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the limiting plate and the top plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the two limit plates are opened in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the above drawings: 1. wooden beam; 2. I-beam; 3. mounting frame; 301. first mounting plate; 302. second mounting plate; 303. positioning groove; 304. through bolt; 305. mounting hole; 306. mounting block; 307. limiting rod; 4. first adjusting rod; 401. first threaded section; 402. driving block; 403. U-shaped frame; 5. top plate; 501. positioning block; 502. mounting seat; 503. pin seat; 6. second adjusting rod; 601. second threaded section; 7. limiting plate; 701. moving block; 702. mounting pin; 703. connecting rod; 704. slide groove; 8. first adjusting block; 9. second adjusting block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node for assembling a wood beam 1, comprising:

[0030] At least two I-beams 2, each I-beam 2 is arranged at intervals, and the wooden beam 1 is located between two adjacent I-beams 2;

[0031] The mounting frame 3 comprises a first mounting plate 301 provided on the web of the I-beam 2 and two second mounting plates 302 respectively provided at both ends of the first mounting plate 301, wherein the two second mounting plates 302 are respectively provided on the upper flange and the lower flange of the I-beam 2 and form a mounting position for mounting the wooden beam 1; and

[0032] The fastening unit includes a top plate 5 slidably arranged at the installation position and an adjusting member arranged on the first installation plate 301 . The adjusting member is connected to the top plate 5 and is used to move the top plate 5 in the installation position so as to abut against the wooden beam 1 or separate from the wooden beam 1 .

[0033] In the embodiments of the present invention, due to the different cross-sectional lengths, the number of I-beams 2 used is also different. Taking two I-beams 2 as an example, the two I-beams 2 are spaced apart to serve as the main beam for supporting the wooden beam 1. According to the characteristics of the I-beam 2 (composed of an upper flange, a web and a lower flange), the space formed between the upper flange and the lower flange can just support the two ends of the wooden beam 1. The wooden beam 1 is directly positioned and installed at the web position of the two I-beams 2 by a mounting method, so that the wooden beam 1 and the I-beam 2 can jointly bear the force brought by the floor slab, and there is no need to drill holes in the wooden beam 1 in advance, which simplifies the early processing flow of the wooden beam 1 and speeds up the construction.

[0034] Secondly, the overall length of the prefabricated wooden beam 1 is shorter than the distance between two adjacent webs, so when the wooden beam 1 is erected on the lower flanges of the two I-beams 2, there is still a certain amount of space between the end of the I-beam 2 and the web of the I-beam 2. Therefore, an assembly node for fastening the end of the wooden beam 1 is formed by the cooperation of the mounting frame 3 and the fastening unit. At the initial stage of assembly, the mounting frame 3 is installed on the inner side of the I-beam 2, that is, the mounting frame 3 is divided into a first mounting plate 301 and two second mounting plates 302 respectively arranged at both ends of the first mounting plate 301, and the first mounting plate 301 is installed on the web, and the two second mounting plates 302 are installed on the upper wing of the I-beam 2. The edge and the lower flange form a mounting position for accommodating the wooden beam 1, and the wooden beam 1 is directly mounted between the two second mounting plates 302. In order to prevent the wooden beam 1 from collapsing due to axial displacement after installation, the top plates 5 in the two mounting frames 3 are controlled respectively, and the movement of the top plates 5 in the mounting frames 3 is controlled by adjusting members, so that the two top plates 5 are respectively abutted against the ends of the wooden beam 1, and the overall position of the wooden beam 1 is limited, and the wooden beam 1 is fixed between the two I-beams 2. There is no need to use fasteners to penetrate the wooden beam 1, and stable support for the wooden beam 1 can be guaranteed, thereby avoiding cracking of the wooden beam 1 due to uneven force and reducing mechanical damage to the wooden beam 1.

[0035] Furthermore, in the later period of house repair, if the corresponding wooden beam 1 or the lightweight floor slab on which the wooden beam 1 acts is replaced and maintained, Figure 3 As shown, the solid rectangular frame represents the installed wooden beam 1, and the dotted rectangular frame represents the adjusted wooden beam 1. The top plate 5 is adjusted by the adjusting member so that the top plate 5 is separated from the end of the wooden beam 1 and gradually moves away from the wooden beam 1, thereby freeing up a large amount of activity space for the end of the wooden beam 1. When the wooden beam 1 is disassembled, the wooden beam 1 is moved to the left or right to the bottom. Taking the movement to the left as an example, the left end of the wooden beam 1 is abutted against the adjusted top plate 5. At this time, the right end of the wooden beam 1 is still at the lower flange of the I-beam 2. Figure 3 The dotted arrow direction shown in the figure makes the wooden beam 1 rotate with the upper vertex of the left end as the axis, so that the right end of the wooden beam 1 is completely out of the lower flange of the I-beam 2, and continues to rotate until the right end of the wooden beam 1 is a certain distance away from the I-beam 2. Finally, the wooden beam 1 can be taken out by sliding sideways. When the wooden beam 1 is reinstalled, according to the above steps, the initial position of the wooden beam 1 is installed to Figure 3 The wooden beam 1 is then rotated to be installed between the two I-beams 2 to complete the assembly.

[0036] Based on the above scheme, Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the adjusting member includes two driving blocks 402 mirror-imaged on the first mounting plate 301 and a U-shaped frame 403 rotatably arranged on the driving blocks 402, the top plate 5 is fixedly provided with two pin seats 503, the two U-shaped frames 403 are rotatably arranged on the two pin seats 503, both sides of the first mounting plate 301 are provided with mounting blocks 306, a first adjusting rod 4 is passed between the two mounting blocks 306, both ends of the first adjusting rod 4 are provided with first threaded sections 401, and the two first threaded sections 401 are respectively threadedly connected to the two driving blocks 402.

[0037] Specifically, when the connected top plate 5 is driven by the setting of the adjusting member, the first adjusting rod 4 is rotated, so that the first adjusting rod 4 synchronously drives the first threaded segments 401 at both ends to rotate, so that the first threaded segment 401 drives the driving block 402 threadedly connected thereto to move along the axial direction of the first adjusting rod 4. Since the first threaded segments 401 at both ends of the first adjusting rod 4 have opposite thread rotation directions, when the two first threaded segments 401 rotate synchronously, the two driving blocks 402 will move closer to or farther from each other, and one end of the U-shaped frame 403 rotates the pin seat 503 set on the top plate 5, and can only rotate but cannot move. The other end of the U-shaped frame 403 is rotatably arranged on the driving block 402 and can be rotated or moved, so one end of the U-shaped frame 403 can squeeze or pull the top plate 5, that is, when the angle between the two U-shaped frames 403 becomes larger, the top plate 5 is pulled by the U-shaped frame 403 and moves away from the end of the wooden beam 1, and when the angle between the two U-shaped frames 403 becomes smaller, the top plate 5 is squeezed by the U-shaped frame 403 and approaches the end of the wooden beam 1 until the top plate 5 abuts against the end of the wooden beam 1. The two driving blocks 402 complete the limiting under the self-locking of the first threaded section 401 and will not move, thereby ensuring the stability of the top plate 5 limiting the wooden beam 1.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, a limit rod 307 is provided between the two mounting blocks 306, and the two driving blocks 402 are both slidably provided on the limit rod 307; the bottom end of the driving block 402 is at a certain distance from the first mounting plate 301, and under the action of the limit rod 307, the two driving blocks 402 can be limited, so that the driving blocks 402 can only move on a limited path, so that the driving blocks 402 will not follow the rotation of the first adjustment rod 4 and abut against the first mounting plate 301 under the action of the limit rod 307, thereby avoiding the abutment of the driving blocks 402 with the first mounting plate 301 and increasing the adjustment force, ensuring the smoothness when adjusting the first adjustment rod 4. At the same time, a first adjustment block 8 is fixedly provided at the end of the first adjustment rod 4, and the first adjustment block 8 can be a nut or other polygonal structure, which is convenient for adjusting the first adjustment rod 4 with a wrench, making the adjustment of the top plate 5 more labor-saving and more convenient.

[0039] Based on the above scheme, if Figure 6and Figure 7 As shown, both sides of the top plate 5 are provided with limiting plates 7 , and the two limiting plates 7 are respectively abutted against the two sides of the wooden beam 1 .

[0040] Under the action of the limiting plates 7, the two sides of the top plate 5 have a certain limiting function. When the two top plates 5 abut against the ends of the wooden beam 1, the limiting plates 7 on both sides of the top plate 5 just abut against the two sides of the end of the wooden beam 1. The axial direction of the wooden beam 1 is limited by the top plate 5, and the axial direction of the wooden beam 1 is limited by the limiting plates 7 on both sides, thereby ensuring that the wooden beam 1 after installation is limited in all directions, improving stability, and not easy to loosen.

[0041] Specifically, Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two mounting pins 702 are correspondingly provided on both sides of the top plate 5, the limiting plate 7 is provided with a slide groove 704 corresponding to the mounting pin 702, the mounting pin 702 is slidably engaged in the corresponding slide groove 704, the top plate 5 is fixedly provided with a mounting seat 502, the mounting seat 502 is rotatably provided with a second adjusting rod 6, and both ends of the second adjusting rod 6 are provided with a second threaded section 601, and the two limiting plates 7 are rotatably provided with a moving block 701, and the two moving blocks 701 are respectively threadedly connected with the two second threaded sections 601.

[0042] Under the action of the second adjusting rod 6, the moving block 701 and the mounting pin 702, the limiting plates 7 on both sides of the top plate 5 can be adjusted. Figure 3 As shown, when the wooden beam 1 is rotated for easy disassembly, due to the limited bearing area of ​​the lower flange of the I-beam 2, the wooden beam 1 can be limited by the limiting plate 7, and it is also convenient to rotate and disassemble the wooden beam 1. By rotating the second adjusting rod 6, the second adjusting rod 6 drives the second threaded segments 601 at both ends to rotate. Since the second threaded segments 601 at both ends have opposite thread rotation directions, when the two second threaded segments 601 rotate, the two moving blocks 701 can be driven to move closer to or away from each other under the push of the thread. When the two moving blocks 701 are close to each other, the end of the limiting plate 7 is pulled by the moving block 701 and moves inward, and the side of the limiting plate 7 slides between the two mounting pins 702, and the other end of the limiting plate 7 expands outward. Taking the limiting plate 7 in the limiting state as an example, the angle between the limiting plate 7 and the top plate 5 is 90°. After adjusting the limiting plate 7, the angle between the limiting plate 7 and the top plate 5 changes from 90° to 180°, so that the wooden beam 1 will not be blocked by the limiting plate 7 when rotating. At the same time, when the wooden beam 1 is limited by the limiting plate 7, the two moving blocks 701 are moved away from each other by reversing the second adjustment rod 6, so that the ends of the two limiting plates 7 are pulled in opposite directions, so that the other end of the limiting plate 7 can be abutted against the side of the wooden beam 1, so as to achieve radial limiting of the wooden beam 1.

[0043] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the two slide grooves 704 of the limit plate 7 are connected to each other to form a through groove, and the corresponding two mounting pins 702 are connected by a connecting rod 703, and the connecting rod 703 is slidably arranged in the through groove; the two mounting pins 702 are connected by the connecting rod 703, so that they can move synchronously on the same plane, and the contact area between the mounting pins 702 and the slide groove 704 is increased. When the top plate 5 is adjusted, the two limit plates 7 can simultaneously and consistently apply pressure to the wooden beam 1 to ensure that the force on both sides of the wooden beam is uniform, and the limit plate 7 can also be prevented from being twisted or offset when subjected to external loads, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire node structure. At the same time, a second adjustment block 9 is provided at the end of the second adjustment rod 6. The second adjustment block 9 can be a nut or other polygonal structure, which is convenient for adjusting the second adjustment block 9 with a wrench, making the adjustment of the limit plate 7 more labor-saving and more convenient.

[0044] Based on the above scheme, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the two second mounting plates 302 are each provided with a positioning groove 303, and positioning blocks 501 are provided on both sides of the top plate 5, and the positioning blocks 501 are slidably engaged in the positioning groove 303; the precise positioning of the top plate 5 in the mounting position is ensured by the cooperation between the positioning groove 303 and the positioning block 501, so that the top plate 5 can move smoothly along the positioning groove 303, and can be accurately fixed in the desired position after the adjustment is completed, avoiding unnecessary looseness or deviation.

[0045] Based on the above scheme, Figure 5 As shown, the two second mounting plates 302 are each provided with a plurality of mounting holes 305, each mounting hole 305 is penetrated by a through bolt 304, and each through bolt 304 is respectively connected to the upper flange and the lower flange of the I-beam 2; the through bolts 304 can be provided to firmly fix the mounting frame 3 on the I-beam 2, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire assembly node on the I-beam 2.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node, used for assembling a wood beam (1), characterized in that: include: at least two I-beams (2), each of the I-beams (2) being arranged at intervals, and the wooden beam (1) being located between two adjacent I-beams (2); The mounting frame (3) comprises a first mounting plate (301) arranged on the web of the I-beam (2) and two second mounting plates (302) respectively arranged at two ends of the first mounting plate (301), wherein the two second mounting plates (302) are respectively arranged on the upper flange and the lower flange of the I-beam (2) and form a mounting position for mounting the wooden beam (1); as well as The fastening unit comprises a top plate (5) slidably arranged at the installation position and an adjusting member arranged at the first installation plate (301), wherein the adjusting member is connected to the top plate (5) and is used to move the top plate (5) within the installation position so as to abut against the wooden beam (1) or separate from the wooden beam (1).

2. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting member comprises two driving blocks (402) mirror-imaged on the first mounting plate (301) and a U-shaped frame (403) rotatably mounted on the driving blocks (402); the top plate (5) is fixedly provided with two pin seats (503); the two U-shaped frames (403) are rotatably mounted on the two pin seats (503) respectively; mounting blocks (306) are provided on both sides of the first mounting plate (301); a first adjusting rod (4) is passed between the two mounting blocks (306); first threaded sections (401) are provided at both ends of the first adjusting rod (4); and the two first threaded sections (401) are respectively threadedly connected to the two driving blocks (402).

3. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting rod (307) is provided between the two installation blocks (306), and the two driving blocks (402) are both slidably disposed on the limiting rod (307).

4. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first adjustment block (8) is fixedly provided at the end of the first adjustment rod (4).

5. The steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting plates (7) are provided on both sides of the top plate (5), and the two limiting plates (7) are respectively abutted against the two sides of the wooden beam (1).

6. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two mounting pins (702) are correspondingly provided on both sides of the top plate (5); the limiting plate (7) is provided with a slide groove (704) corresponding to the mounting pin (702); the mounting pin (702) is slidably engaged in the corresponding slide groove (704); the top plate (5) is fixedly provided with a mounting seat (502); the mounting seat (502) is rotatably provided with a second adjusting rod (6); both ends of the second adjusting rod (6) are provided with a second threaded section (601); the two limiting plates (7) are rotatably provided with a moving block (701); the two moving blocks (701) are respectively threadedly connected with the two second threaded sections (601).

7. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two sliding grooves (704) of the limiting plate (7) are connected to each other to form a through groove, and the corresponding two mounting pins (702) are connected via a connecting rod (703), and the connecting rod (703) is slidably arranged in the through groove.

8. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: A second adjusting block (9) is provided at the end of the second adjusting rod (6).

9. The steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two second mounting plates (302) are each provided with a positioning groove (303), and both sides of the top plate (5) are provided with a positioning block (501), and the positioning block (501) is slidably engaged in the positioning groove (303).

10. A steel-wood beam-column combined assembly node according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The two second mounting plates (302) are each provided with a plurality of mounting holes (305), each mounting hole (305) is penetrated by a through bolt (304), and each through bolt (304) is respectively connected to the upper flange and the lower flange of the I-beam (2).

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