Building decoration engineering fabricated reverse construction method based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) digital technology

Abstract

The invention provides a building decoration engineering fabricated reverse construction method based on a BIM digital technology, and the method is implemented through the following steps: firstly, constructing a three-dimensional BIM model containing the detailed information of a building structure, equipment pipelines and decoration components by using the BIM technology, and ensuring the compatibility of the decoration components with other systems of a building; secondly, prefabricating the decorative component according to design data in the BIM model, and ensuring the size and precision of the prefabricated component; secondly, the construction sequence of a reverse building method is planned, and decorative components are assembled downwards layer by layer from the top of the building; and finally, monitoring the site construction process in real time by using the BIM model, ensuring the construction precision, and performing completion acceptance through the BIM model after the assembly is completed. The fabricated reverse construction method has the advantages of improving construction efficiency, optimizing procedure connection, reducing construction errors, reducing cost and the like, and can be used for subsequent building operation and maintenance management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building engineering, and in particular to an assembled reverse construction method for building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the construction industry, building decoration projects have gradually become an indispensable part of construction, especially in high-rise buildings, commercial complexes and residential projects, the complexity and precision requirements of decoration projects are constantly increasing. However, the traditional construction method of building decoration is mainly based on the sequential method, that is, after the main structure of the building is completed, the decoration construction is carried out from top to bottom. Although this method is widely used, it has problems such as long construction period, high labor cost, and easy rework during construction. Especially in the case of cross-operation of multiple types of work, due to conflicts in space and time, it is difficult to ensure construction efficiency.

[0003] In recent years, with the gradual popularization of prefabricated buildings, decoration projects have also begun to shift towards prefabrication. Prefabricated buildings prefabricate components in factories and then transport them to the construction site for assembly, which greatly improves construction efficiency and reduces on-site construction time and labor costs. The advantages of this prefabricated construction method are reflected in energy saving and environmental protection, reducing construction waste, and improving construction quality. However, traditional prefabricated buildings are still mainly concentrated in the main structure, and decoration projects are still mainly constructed by hand. How to extend the advantages of prefabrication to the field of building decoration has become one of the problems that the construction industry urgently needs to solve.

[0004] The introduction of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology has brought about a digital transformation in the construction industry. BIM technology integrates professional data such as building structures, equipment pipelines, and decorative components through three-dimensional digital models, allowing various disciplines to be coordinated and managed on a unified platform. This not only improves the coordination of the design stage, but also makes the process connection during the construction process smoother, reducing rework and conflicts caused by information asymmetry.

[0005] In building decoration projects, the application of BIM technology can achieve accurate design and prefabrication of decorative components, and discover potential conflicts between decorative components and building structures or equipment pipelines in advance through simulation, so as to optimize the construction plan and improve the construction quality. The BIM model not only contains basic data such as the size, position and material of decorative components, but also covers detailed information such as the installation sequence, connection method, and reserved hole positions of components, providing reliable data support for prefabricated construction. Reverse construction is a new construction method that has gradually emerged in recent years. It is different from the traditional sequential construction method in that the decoration construction starts from the top of the building and proceeds downward layer by layer. The advantage of the reverse construction method is that the upper space can be closed in advance to prevent the subsequent construction from being affected by the external environment. Especially in high-rise buildings and projects with complex external environments, the reverse construction method can effectively shorten the construction period and reduce the difficulty of construction. In addition, the reverse construction method can also make the lower floors of high-rise buildings unaffected after the upper decoration construction is completed, reducing the interference caused by cross-operation. By combining BIM technology with reverse construction, building decoration projects can achieve the efficiency of prefabricated construction and the flexibility of reverse construction. The introduction of BIM technology makes the installation of decorative components in the reverse construction process more accurate, can dynamically monitor the construction progress, and provide real-time feedback on deviations in construction, thus avoiding installation errors that may exist in the prefabricated construction process. The simulation function in the BIM model can also simulate different construction steps before construction to ensure that the installation sequence of decorative components is reasonable and reduce the probability of conflicts during construction.

[0006] Although the combination of prefabricated reverse construction and BIM technology brings many advantages, there are still certain challenges in practical application. First, the prefabrication accuracy of decorative components is high, especially in the prefabrication process of large-area decorative wall or ceiling system, the accuracy of reserved holes and connection nodes directly affects the quality of on-site assembly. Secondly, the data management requirements of BIM models are high, especially in large projects, the data integration, model coordination and information update of various disciplines require a high degree of coordination and the support of information sharing platforms. In addition, the reverse construction has strict requirements on the construction plan. Construction personnel must strictly follow the installation sequence in the BIM model. Any improper steps may affect the smooth progress of subsequent processes. Therefore, during the implementation process, the construction team needs to have a high level of BIM technology application ability and have a deep understanding of the characteristics and processes of reverse construction. Only in this way can the advantages of BIM technology and reverse construction be fully utilized to achieve high efficiency and high quality of prefabricated construction. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for building decoration engineering assembly reverse construction based on BIM digital technology in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Construction of BIM model: Based on the data provided on the architectural design drawings, use BIM technology to build a three-dimensional BIM model, which integrates detailed data information of the building structure, equipment pipelines, and decorative components;

[0009] The decorative components in the BIM model include data information of wall decorative panels, ceiling systems, floor paving components, doors and windows, including size, location, material and connection method;

[0010] The BIM model also includes the design standards of decorative components, the installation sequence of components, assembly methods and subsequent construction requirements, and runs simulations to ensure that there are no conflicts between decorative components and building structures, equipment pipelines, etc.

[0011] Step 2: Prefabrication of decorative components: Prefabrication of decorative components is carried out in the factory according to the design data of the decorative components provided by the BIM model in step 1. The decorative components include but are not limited to wall decorative panels, ceiling systems, floor paving components, and doors and windows. These components are produced according to the specific size, shape, and material in the BIM model.

[0012] The connection method of each decorative component includes its connection nodes and reserved hole position data;

[0013] After the prefabricated components are completed, all components are identified according to the numbers generated in the BIM model;

[0014] Step 3: Reverse construction sequence planning: Based on the BIM model constructed in step 1 and the prefabrication data of decorative components completed in step 2, plan the reverse construction sequence;

[0015] The reverse construction method is as follows: start from the top of the building and install the decorative components layer by layer. The BIM model provides the installation sequence and position data of the decorative components on different floors. The model is used to simulate the connection sequence of different processes to ensure that each decorative component is assembled in the predetermined order and position.

[0016] Step 4: On-site assembly and construction: Based on the reverse construction sequence planned in step 3, the decoration components are installed on site according to the instructions of the BIM model. The construction team operates according to the installation positions of the decoration components in the BIM model. The installation sequence, angle, connection method and fixing method of each component are all provided by the BIM model.

[0017] Laser rangefinders and total stations are used on site for precise alignment, so that the decorative components are consistent with the positions set in the BIM model. The dynamic monitoring function in the BIM model is used to provide real-time feedback on deviations during the construction process.

[0018] After the on-site assembly is completed, the BIM model will automatically record the actual installation position of the decorative components and compare it with the designed position in the model to ensure its assembly accuracy.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the prefabrication process of the decorative component uses the design data in the BIM model for size calibration, and the size deviation is calculated by the following formula:

[0020] Δ=|D actual -D design |

[0021] Where Δ is the dimensional deviation of the prefabricated component, D actual is the actual component size produced, D design It is the design dimension in the BIM model.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reverse construction planning of the construction sequence is based on the assembly time calculation in the BIM model. The formula for calculating the construction time is as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, T total To complete the construction time of the entire project, L i is the actual working distance of the i-th layer construction, V i is the construction speed of the i-th floor, and n is the number of construction floors.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the BIM model is used for assembly accuracy control in reverse construction, and the construction accuracy is calculated by the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, E is the assembly accuracy error, X actual ,Y actual ,Z actual is the installation position coordinate of the actual component, X design ,Y design ,Z design For the design coordinates set in the BIM model, when E≤1 mm, the assembly accuracy meets the requirements.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the on-site construction progress is monitored by the following formula in the BIM model:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, P is the percentage of construction progress, W is done is the completed construction volume, W total is the total planned construction volume.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the installation sequence of the decorative components is determined by BIM model simulation. The BIM model simulates the sequence of processes in the construction process, and the installation time of the components is calculated by the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, T install is the installation time of the decorative components, L is the actual distance of the component installation, and V is the installation speed of the construction workers.

[0034] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the BIM model is used for conflict detection, and the minimum safe distance between adjacent components is calculated using the following formula:

[0035] C=min(D ij )

[0036] Among them, C is the minimum safe distance between adjacent components, D ij is the distance between the i-th component and the j-th component. When C ≥ D min When installing without conflicts, D min is the minimum distance specified.

[0037] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the completion acceptance process, the BIM model is used to check the installation accuracy of the components, and the completion qualification rate is calculated by the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, S is the completion qualification rate, Q actual Q is the actual construction quality detected during the acceptance process. design It is the design quality standard set in the BIM model. When the completion qualification rate reaches more than 95%, it is accepted.

[0040] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, after the construction is completed, the construction data in the BM model is used to calculate the maintenance period of the component by the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, T m is the maintenance period of the component, L is the design service life of the component, and R is the average annual wear rate.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The present invention is based on BIM digital technology and greatly improves the construction efficiency and accuracy of building decoration projects through the assembled reverse construction method. The comprehensive application of the BIM model enables full simulation and conflict detection before construction, and decorative components can be accurately prefabricated, reducing on-site errors and rework. The reverse construction method starts from the top and goes down layer by layer, effectively shortening the construction period, optimizing the construction process, and reducing the interference and risks caused by cross-operation of multiple types of work.

[0045] At the same time, prefabricated construction reduces on-site wet work and labor costs, standardized production of factory prefabricated components reduces construction costs, and BIM technology also provides a real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism, making project management more efficient. During the construction process, real-time monitoring and dynamic feedback through the BIM model ensure that every step of the construction process can be executed as planned, improving the overall construction safety and management level.

[0046] In addition, the present invention also provides support for the life cycle management of buildings. The data in the BIM model can provide complete records and accurate information for the later maintenance and management of the building. This not only helps to improve the long-term use value of the building, but also meets the environmental protection requirements of green buildings, reducing pollutant emissions and construction waste during the construction process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the prefabricated reverse construction method for building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and multiple embodiments.

[0050] Example 1: Reverse construction of the decoration project of a high-rise office building

[0051] Construction of BIM model: In the decoration project of a high-rise office building, BIM technology was used to perform 3D modeling of the building structure, equipment pipelines and decorative components. The BIM model includes detailed data information of wall decoration panels, ceiling systems, floor paving components and doors and windows. The data in the model covers the size, location, material and connection method of the components to ensure that there will be no conflict between these components and the building structure and equipment pipelines.

[0052] After the model was built, the BIM software was used for simulation to check the installation sequence and spatial layout of the decorative components in advance and determine the installation sequence of each component. Since the project is a high-rise building, the construction team paid special attention to the coordination of equipment pipelines and ceiling systems to avoid spatial conflicts in the later construction.

[0053] Prefabrication of decorative components: Based on the data provided in the BIM model, the prefabrication plant produces wall decorative panels, ceiling systems and floor paving components. Each component is produced according to the design data in the model, especially the thickness of the wall panels and the reserved holes, which need to be accurately processed. After prefabrication, the components are packaged according to the number and ready to be transported to the construction site.

[0054] Reverse construction sequence planning: Since it is a high-rise building, the construction team chose to start the reverse construction from the top floor. The BIM model provides the installation sequence and location data of the components on each floor. Dynamic simulation is performed through BIM software to simulate the connection between different construction steps and optimize the process. According to the calculation formula:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, T total To complete the construction time of the entire project, L i is the actual working distance of the i-th layer construction, V i is the construction speed of the i-th floor, and n is the number of floors under construction. This allows for an accurate estimate of the construction time for each floor.

[0057] On-site assembly and construction: At the construction site, the construction team uses laser rangefinders and total stations to locate and install decorative components according to the guidance of the BIM model to ensure that the position, angle and connection method of the decorative components meet the design requirements. The actual position of each component after installation is recorded by the BIM model and compared with the design position. The assembly error is calculated using the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, E is the assembly accuracy error, X actual ,Y actual ,Z actual is the installation position coordinate of the actual component, X design ,Y design ,Z design For the design coordinates set in the BIM model, when E≤1 mm, the assembly accuracy meets the requirements.

[0060] Completion acceptance: After the construction is completed, the BIM model is used to check the installation location, material and construction quality. The completion acceptance rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, S is the completion qualification rate, Q actual Q is the actual construction quality detected during the acceptance process. design It is the design quality standard set in the BIM model. When the completion qualification rate reaches more than 95%, it is accepted.

[0063] Example 3: Prefabricated decoration construction of residential buildings

[0064] Construction of BIM model: For a residential building project, BIM technology is used to design the installation positions of wall decoration panels, window frames and floors in detail. Through the BIM model, the construction team plans the installation sequence of decorative components in advance to ensure the compatibility of each component with the structure and equipment pipelines during installation.

[0065] Prefabrication of decorative components: Decorative components used in residential buildings, such as window frames, floor panels, and wall panels, are prefabricated in factories according to the design in the BIM model. Each component is identified according to the number in the model after prefabrication.

[0066] Reverse construction sequence planning: Reverse construction starts from the top floor of the residential building and proceeds downward floor by floor. The BIM model is used to simulate the construction steps of different floors to ensure that the decorative components of each floor are installed on time. The construction sequence and time are determined by the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, T total To complete the construction time of the entire project, L i is the actual working distance of the i-th layer construction, V i is the construction speed of the i-th floor, and n is the number of floors under construction. This allows for an accurate estimate of the construction time for each floor.

[0069] On-site assembly and construction: On-site construction personnel carry out precise wall decoration and window frame installation according to the guidance of the BIM model. During the construction process, assembly deviations are fed back in real time to ensure that each component is consistent with the design in the BIM model.

[0070] Completion acceptance: After the construction is completed, the BIM model is used to record the actual construction results. The completion acceptance rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, S is the completion qualification rate, Q actual Q is the actual construction quality detected during the acceptance process. designIt is the design quality standard set in the BIM model. When the completion qualification rate reaches more than 95%, it is accepted.

[0073] After acceptance is completed, the BIM model is also used for subsequent building maintenance management.

[0074] Through these different examples, it is demonstrated how BIM technology can improve construction efficiency, accuracy and management effect through reverse construction methods in different types of building decoration projects. These examples also show how BIM models play a key role in construction, quality control and completion acceptance.

[0075] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated reverse construction method for building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Construction of BIM model: Based on the data provided on the architectural design drawings, use BIM technology to build a three-dimensional BIM model, which integrates detailed data information of the building structure, equipment pipelines, and decorative components; The decorative components in the BIM model include data information of wall decorative panels, ceiling systems, floor paving components, doors and windows, including size, location, material and connection method; The BIM model also includes the design standards of decorative components, the installation sequence of components, assembly methods and subsequent construction requirements, and runs simulations to ensure that there are no conflicts between decorative components and building structures, equipment pipelines, etc. Step 2: Prefabrication of decorative components: Prefabrication of decorative components is carried out in the factory according to the design data of the decorative components provided by the BIM model in step 1. The decorative components include but are not limited to wall decorative panels, ceiling systems, floor paving components, and doors and windows. These components are produced according to the specific size, shape, and material in the BIM model. The connection method of each decorative component includes its connection nodes and reserved hole position data; After the prefabricated components are completed, all components are identified according to the numbers generated in the BIM model; Step 3: Reverse construction sequence planning: Based on the BIM model constructed in step 1 and the prefabrication data of decorative components completed in step 2, plan the reverse construction sequence; The reverse construction method is as follows: start from the top of the building and install the decorative components layer by layer. The BIM model provides the installation sequence and position data of the decorative components on different floors. The model is used to simulate the connection sequence of different processes to ensure that each decorative component is assembled in the predetermined order and position. Step 4: On-site assembly and construction: Based on the reverse construction sequence planned in step 3, the decoration components are installed on site according to the instructions of the BIM model. The construction team operates according to the installation positions of the decoration components in the BIM model. The installation sequence, angle, connection method and fixing method of each component are all provided by the BIM model. Laser rangefinders and total stations are used on site for precise alignment, so that the decorative components are consistent with the positions set in the BIM model. The dynamic monitoring function in the BIM model is used to provide real-time feedback on deviations during the construction process. After the on-site assembly is completed, the BIM model will automatically record the actual installation position of the decorative components and compare it with the designed position in the model to ensure its assembly accuracy.

2. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The prefabrication process of the decorative components uses the design data in the BIM model for size calibration, and the size deviation is calculated using the following formula: Δ=|D actual -D design | Where Δ is the dimensional deviation of the prefabricated component, D actual is the actual component size produced, D design It is the design dimension in the BIM model.

3. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reverse planning of the construction sequence is based on the assembly time calculation in the BIM model. The formula for calculating the construction time is as follows: Among them, T total To complete the construction time of the entire project, L i is the actual working distance of the i-th layer construction, V i is the construction speed of the i-th floor, and n is the number of construction floors.

4. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The BIM model is used to control the assembly accuracy in reverse construction. The construction accuracy is calculated using the following formula: Among them, E is the assembly accuracy error, X actual ,Y actual ,Z actual is the installation position coordinate of the actual component, X design ,Y design ,Z design For the design coordinates set in the BIM model, when E≤1 mm, the assembly accuracy meets the requirements.

5. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The BIM model uses the following formula to monitor the progress of on-site construction: Among them, P is the percentage of construction progress, W is done is the completed construction volume, W total is the total planned construction volume.

6. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The installation sequence of decorative components is determined by BIM model simulation. The BIM model simulates the sequence of processes in the construction process and calculates the installation time of components by the following formula: Among them, T install is the installation time of the decorative components, L is the actual distance of the component installation, and V is the installation speed of the construction workers.

7. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The BIM model is used for conflict detection, and the minimum safe distance between adjacent components is calculated using the following formula: C=min(D ij ) Among them, C is the minimum safe distance between adjacent components, D ij is the distance between the i-th component and the j-th component. When C ≥ D min When installing without conflicts, D min is the minimum distance specified.

8. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the completion acceptance process, the BIM model is used to check the installation accuracy of the components, and the completion acceptance rate is calculated using the following formula: Among them, S is the completion qualification rate, Q actual Q is the actual construction quality detected during the acceptance process. design It is the design quality standard set in the BIM model. When the completion qualification rate reaches more than 95%, it is accepted.

9. The method for prefabricated reverse construction of building decoration engineering based on BIM digital technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the construction is completed, the construction data in the BM model is used to calculate the maintenance period of the component by the following formula: Among them, T m is the maintenance period of the component, L is the design service life of the component, and R is the average annual wear rate.

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