Method for shortening grape breeding fruiting period

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for shortening a grape breeding fruiting period, which comprises the following steps: S1, sowing: accelerating germination and sowing hybrid seeds subjected to low-temperature stratification treatment in the first ten days of February to obtain seedlings; s2, transplanting: in the middle ten days of March, when the seedlings obtained in the S1 grow 5-6 true leaves, transplanting the seedlings into a ridged greenhouse nursery garden; s3, primary grafting: in the last ten days of April, selecting semi-lignified branches with the thickness of more than 0.4 cm and full bud eyes of hybrid seedlings, and grafting the semi-lignified branches to current-year semi-lignified new tips of the cutting seedlings of the rootstock of the Zhichang anti-rootstock No.1; s4, secondary grafting: in the last ten days of May, when the young sprouts of the hybrid seedlings after primary grafting grow to 30-50cm and the thickness is 0.4 cm or more, buds on the semi-lignified young sprouts are adopted for secondary grafting. The method is carried out in a greenhouse, current-year grafting and current-year forming can be achieved by adopting a high-position grafting flat shed erecting potential, the child process is manually intervened, the trunk growth time is skipped, and flowering and fruiting as soon as possible are promoted by utilizing the powerful root system of the Zhichang anti-anvil No.1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree breeding, and in particular to a method for shortening the fruiting cycle of grape breeding. Background Art

[0002] The long-term juvenile period has always been the biggest restrictive factor in shortening the sexual hybrid breeding cycle of grape trees, and it is also an obstacle that cannot be circumvented. This is manifested in the fact that each link in the sexual hybrid breeding process and various breeding methods are inseparable from the juvenile period, such as the selection and breeding of excellent hybrid offspring, the study of the genetic laws of various important traits and the innovation of breeding materials, biotechnology breeding materials, and genetic engineering to obtain transgenic plants. This fully demonstrates that the study of the juvenile period is of great significance to shortening the hybrid breeding cycle of fruit trees.

[0003] Traditional seedlings (seeds formed by natural or open pollination, or seedlings formed by hybrid pollination and stratification) are first planted in the breeding nursery, and after growth and development, they pass the juvenile period, and then the primary selection begins. The primary selected superior lines (excellent individual plants) are grafted in the reselection nursery for reselection. Since the juvenile period of hybrid seedlings is relatively long, it usually takes 3 to 5 years from sowing to the first fruiting, and the spacing between seedlings and reselection nurseries is usually 0.5×1m and 3×3m or even farther, which not only takes a long time to breed, but also occupies a large area.

[0004] At present, in order to improve breeding efficiency and shorten the breeding cycle, methods for shortening the grape breeding cycle have emerged. The invention patent with publication number CN115316189A discloses a breeding method for disease-resistant hard-fleshed grapes. The method mainly selects sterile male hybrid varieties, controls the breeding temperature of grape hybrid seedlings, cultivates long and large seedlings, and combines winter pruning to promote early flowering and fruiting. Breeding materials are difficult to obtain and the breeding cost is high. The invention patent with publication number CN110402753A discloses a method for rapid cultivation of new grape varieties. The method mainly uses embryo rescue technology and high nutrition supply in the seedling stage. The operation is cumbersome and the technical requirements are high.

[0005] Therefore, the prior art needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the above problems and provides a method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding, which can improve breeding efficiency, save breeding costs, and is simple to operate and popular and feasible.

[0007] Specifically, the technical solution provided by the present application is as follows: a method for shortening the fruiting cycle of grape breeding, comprising the following steps: Step S1: sowing: in early February, the hybrid seeds treated with low temperature stratification are germinated and sown to obtain seedlings; Step S2: Transplanting: In mid-March, when the seedlings obtained in S1 grow 5-6 true leaves, transplant the seedlings to a greenhouse nursery where ridges have been formed; Step S3: primary grafting: in late April, select hybrid seedlings with a thickness of more than 0.4 cm and full buds and graft them onto the semi-lignified new shoots of Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 rootstock cuttings of the current year; Step S4: Secondary grafting: In late May, when the new shoots of the hybrid seedlings after the first grafting grow to 30-50 cm and the thickness is 0.4 cm or more, the buds on the semi-lignified new shoots are taken for secondary grafting.

[0008] Furthermore, in the step S2 of transplanting, a sunshade net is set in the nursery of the greenhouse, the ridge width of the greenhouse is 50 cm, and the seedlings are planted in double rows with high density on the ridges, and the row spacing of the seedlings is 10 cm × 20 cm; after planting, water thoroughly, cover with ground film, remove the sunshade net after 7 days of seedling acclimatization, and carry out inter-tillage and weeding 3 days after planting to increase the ground temperature.

[0009] Furthermore, in the one-time grafting in step S3, the Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 rootstock cutting seedling is a two-year-old rootstock seedling.

[0010] Furthermore, in the grafting of step S3, water thoroughly once 3-5 days before grafting, water thoroughly once after grafting, and then water frequently with small amounts of water to maintain soil moisture at 65%-75%.

[0011] Furthermore, in the secondary grafting in step S4, the grafted rootstock is the perennial Zhichang anti-rootstock No. 1.

[0012] Furthermore, in the secondary grafting in step S4, the secondary grafting frame is a high-position rootstock flat trellis.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the cultivation method of the high-position rootstock flat scaffold is as follows: In the first year of planting the rootstock, select the main branches for cultivation and tie them to the trellis surface. No side branches are left below the trellis surface. Starting from the trellis surface, leave a side branch every 15-20cm along the growth of the main trunk. After the side branches are full of trellises, pinch them to control. When pruning in winter, leave one bud on the side branches and cut them short. In the spring of the second year, after the rootstock sprouts, the hybrid variety is grafted at the length of the new shoots growing from the lateral branches at 25-30cm. The grafted new shoots are tied along the growth direction of the lateral branches to form variety branches. One rootstock can be grafted with multiple hybrid offspring; In the following years, for hybrid varieties that have no value after bearing fruit, they will be pruned back in the winter of that year and new hybrid varieties will be grafted in the spring of the following year.

[0014] Further preferably, the planting rootstock of the high-position rootstock flat trellis is Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1.

[0015] Further preferably, the spacing between rows and plants of the planting rootstocks is 1m×1.5m.

[0016] Further preferably, the height of the elevated rootstock flat scaffold is 1.8-2m.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention adopts a high-density sowing and planting method. Fifteen thousand hybrid seedlings can be sown and planted per mu of land, and more than two thousand hybrid varieties can be grafted, which greatly improves the land utilization area.

[0018] 2. The present invention adopts multiple grafting, making full use of the good affinity and strong growth potential of Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 grafted rootstock variety, and uses the floral hormone (FT protein), endogenous hormones, polyamines, phenolic substances, carbohydrates, minerals and other factors inside Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 to regulate the reproductive growth and nutritional growth of the scion, promote flower bud differentiation, and effectively shorten the childhood time.

[0019] 3. The whole process of the present invention is carried out in a greenhouse, which effectively prolongs the growth time of hybrid varieties. At the same time, the high-position grafting flat shed frame can achieve grafting and shaping in the same year, giving full play to the advantages of the frame. Through artificial intervention in the process, the main trunk growth time is skipped, the spatial distance between the stem tip and the root tip is increased, and the powerful root system of Zhichang Zhichang Anti-Anti-Anti-Anti No. 1 is utilized to promote early flowering and fruiting.

[0020] 4. The present invention adopts a high-position grafting flat shed, which can be reused many times. For hybrid varieties that have been observed to be worthless, they can be pruned and re-grafted, which can save at least 50% of time and cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one embodiment of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of hybrid seedling planting of the present invention; Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of a grafting and planting of the present invention; Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of grape trellis structure after secondary grafting of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The following embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The experimental methods used in the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial channels. In addition, other terms used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, generally have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0024] Embodiment 1: 1.1 Experimental location Shandong Zhichang Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. is located in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, at 118°83´ east longitude and 35°58´ north latitude. The area has a temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and obvious hot and cold seasons. The annual average temperature is 12.7℃, the annual rainfall is 768.7mm, the annual sunshine hours are 2432.8 hours, the sunshine rate is 55%, and the annual frost-free period is 203 days.

[0025] 1.2 Material selection The female parent of the hybrid is Yangguangmeishi, and the male parents of the hybrid are Zhichang Zifeng, Zhichang Guixiang, Heibalado, Jumeishi, Miguang and other varieties. Among them, Zhichang Zifeng, Zhichang Guixiang and Zhichang Anti-root No. 1 are new grape varieties with independent intellectual property rights selected and bred by Shandong Zhichang Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. Heibalado, Jumeishi and Miguang are conventional grape varieties.

[0026] Zhichang Zifeng: Zhichang Zifeng is a medium-ripening fresh-eating grape variety bred by hybridization of 'Tengren' and 'Jumeigui' as parents, and obtained the variety registration certificate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2021. The single-grain weight of this variety is 11.5 grams, the maximum weight is 18 grams, the peel is medium-thick, the peel has a weak astringency, the flesh has a crisp texture, the soluble solids content is 16% to 18%, the titratable acid content is 0.4% to 0.5%, the berry color is purple-black, and the aroma type is rose.

[0027] Zhichang Guixiang: Zhichang Guixiang is an early-maturing fresh-eating grape variety bred by hybridization of 'Giant Rose' and 'Golden Finger' as parents, and obtained the variety registration certificate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2024. The single-grain weight of this variety is 8.2 grams, the maximum weight is 12.00 grams, the skin is thick, the skin has a strong astringency, the flesh is soft, the soluble solids content is 19.82%, the titratable acid content is 0.3%, the berries are purple-red, and the aroma type is rose.

[0028] Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 is an excellent multi-resistant rootstock variety bred by hybridization with 5BB as the female parent and SO4 as the male parent. Hybridization was carried out in the spring of 2006, and 56 hybrid seeds were obtained in the autumn. After sand storage, the seeds were sown after germination in the spring of 2007, and 21 hybrid seedlings were obtained. In May of the same year, the cultivated nutrient pot seedlings were planted in the grape experimental garden of Shandong Zhichang Grape Research Institute, cultivated on trellises, and normal water, fertilizer and tree management were carried out, and they were numbered and investigated. In 2008, the root systems of all individual plants were identified for cold resistance using the low-temperature exothermic analysis method, and the individual plants with cold resistance exceeding the male parent S04 were selected and numbered 07-05-18. The salt-alkali resistance was identified in 2009-2012, and the salt tolerance exceeded 5BB, and they were initially selected as excellent individual plants. After natural selection of field cold resistance, they can survive the winter normally in Shandong without burying the soil. After regional trials in Shandong, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Gansu, Xinjiang, etc. from 2012 to 2016, it has grown well. In 2022, it obtained the variety registration certificate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and was named "Zhichang Anti-Anvil No. 1".

[0029] 1.3 Hybridization 1.3.1 Collecting pollen 2 to 3 days before pollination, collect the flower buds that are about to open on the male plant, select the stamens, place them in a warm and dry place to dry, and collect the exploded pollen.

[0030] 1.3.2 Stamen removal During the bud expansion period, remove the stamens and bag them for protection.

[0031] 1.3.3 Hybridization Within two days before and after flowering, apply the stamens taken in advance to the stigma of the mother plant, eliminate protection, and mark them.

[0032] 1.4 Seed collection When the hybrid fruit clusters are fully mature, the seeds are collected and, after screening, cleaning and drying in the shade, 18,000 seedlings are obtained. After they are fully dried, they are collected and stored.

[0033] 1.5 Layering In early November of the same year, the seeds were put into a gauze net, registered with a label, soaked in 600 times 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes, rinsed with clean water, and after drying for a while, the seeds were mixed with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3 (volume ratio), and buried in a pit. The humidity of the sand should be such that it can be kneaded into a ball by hand and will fall apart at the touch. The low-temperature sand storage treatment was carried out for about three months from November to February of the following year.

[0034] 1.6 Germination In early February of the following year, take out the hybrids treated with low-temperature stratification, soak them in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 30 seconds, then take them out, wash them with clean water, and soak them in warm water at 25°C for 24 hours.

[0035] Place the treated seeds in a seedling basket, cover the basket with sterilized wet felt, and place it in an incubator for germination. Keep the ambient temperature at 25-28℃ and the air humidity at around 90%.

[0036] The temperature and humidity were observed every two days. After one week, the seeds cracked and turned white. When most of the seed buds (radicles) were about 0.5 cm long, they were sown in the seedling tray. The seeds that did not turn white were sent back to the incubator for rooting treatment. After 14 days, the seeds that did not turn white were directly sown. After one week, 16,000 seedlings were obtained. The seedlings were divided into two parts. Most of the seedlings were treated with the patented method, and a small part was treated with the traditional method as a control.

[0037] 1.7 Patent method processing 1) In mid-March, when the seedlings grow 5 to 6 true leaves, transplant the seedlings with soil into a greenhouse nursery with ridges and shade nets.

[0038] 2) High-density double-row planting Step 1) The width of the middle ridge is 50 cm, and seedlings are planted in double rows at a high density on the ridge, and the spacing between the rows of the seedlings is 10 cm×20 cm.

[0039] 3) Management after planting After transplanting, water thoroughly and then cover with plastic film. Remove the shade net after 7 days of seedling acclimatization. Cultivate and weed in time 30 days after transplanting to increase the ground temperature.

[0040] 4) One-time grafting In late April, select hybrid seedlings with a diameter of more than 0.4 cm and semi-lignified branches with full buds and graft them onto the semi-lignified new shoots of Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 cuttings of the same year. Preferably, the Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 rootstock cutting seedling is a two-year-old rootstock seedling Preferably, the Zhichang resistant rootstock No. 1 rootstock cuttings are planted in high-density double-row ridges with a ridge width of 50 cm and a ridge spacing of 40 cm. The row spacing of the Zhichang resistant rootstock No. 1 rootstock cuttings is 10 cm×20 cm.

[0041] 5) Management before and after grafting Water thoroughly 3-5 days before grafting, and once after grafting, and water frequently in small amounts thereafter to keep the soil moisture at 65%-75%. Regraft the dead plants in time.

[0042] 6) Secondary grafting In late May, when the new shoots of the hybrid seedlings after the first grafting grow to 30~50cm and the thickness is 0.4cm or more, the buds on the semi-lignified new shoots are taken for secondary grafting onto the pre-cultivated high-rootstock flat trellis Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 rootstock tree. The secondary grafting trellis is a high-position rootstock flat trellis.

[0043] The cultivation method of the high-position rootstock flat scaffold is as follows: In the first year of planting the rootstock, select the main branches for cultivation and tie them to the trellis surface. No side branches are left below the trellis surface. Starting from the trellis surface, leave a side branch every 15-20cm along the growth of the main trunk. After the side branches are full of trellises, pinch them to control. When pruning in winter, leave one bud on the side branches and cut them short. In the spring of the second year, after the rootstock sprouts, hybrid varieties are grafted at a length of 25-30cm for the new shoots growing from the lateral branches. The grafted new shoots are tied along the growth direction of the lateral branches to form variety branches. In the following years, for hybrid varieties that have no value after bearing fruit, they will be pruned back in the winter of that year and new hybrid varieties will be grafted in the spring of the following year.

[0044] The spacing between rows and plants of the planted rootstocks is 1m×1.5m, and the height of the flat trellis of the high-position rootstocks is 1.8-2m.

[0045] After that, conventional field production management was adopted and the fruiting rate was counted for two consecutive years.

[0046] 1.7 Control method treatment 1) In mid-March, when the seedlings grow 5 to 6 true leaves, transplant the seedlings with soil into a greenhouse nursery with ridges and shade nets.

[0047] 2) Colonization Step 1) The width of the middle ridge is 50 cm, and seedlings are planted in a single row on the ridge, and the spacing between the seedlings is 0.5×1 m.

[0048] 3) Management after planting After transplanting, water thoroughly and then cover with plastic film. Remove the shade net after 7 days of seedling acclimatization. Cultivate and weed in time 30 days after transplanting to increase the ground temperature.

[0049] After that, conventional field production management was adopted and the fruiting rate was counted for two consecutive years.

[0050] 1.4 Result rate statistics After the seedlings were planted, the fruiting rate of hybrid varieties in the second year was as shown in Table 1:

[0051] After the seedlings were planted, the fruiting rate of hybrid varieties in the third year was as shown in Table 2:

[0052] The statistical results of two consecutive years show that the use of this patented invention can significantly increase the fruit-bearing rate of hybrid seedlings in the following year, greatly improve the fruit-bearing rate, shorten the breeding period, and lay a solid foundation for the future selection of new excellent grape varieties.

[0053] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: step S1 sowing: In early February, the hybrid seeds treated with low temperature stratification were germinated and sown to obtain seedlings; Step S2: Transplanting: In mid-March, when the seedlings obtained in S1 grow 5-6 true leaves, transplant the seedlings to a greenhouse nursery where ridges have been formed; Step S3: primary grafting: in late April, select hybrid seedlings with a thickness of more than 0.4 cm and full buds and graft them onto the semi-lignified new shoots of Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 rootstock cuttings of the current year; Step S4: Secondary grafting: In late May, when the new shoots of the hybrid seedlings after the first grafting grow to 30-50 cm and the thickness is 0.4 cm or more, the buds on the semi-lignified new shoots are taken for secondary grafting.

2. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2 of transplanting, a sunshade net is set in the nursery of the greenhouse, the ridge width of the greenhouse is 50 cm, and the seedlings are planted in double rows with high density on the ridges, and the row spacing of the seedlings is 10 cm × 20 cm; after planting, water thoroughly, cover with ground film, remove the sunshade net after 7 days of seedling acclimatization, and carry out inter-tillage and weeding 3 days after planting to increase the ground temperature.

3. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the one-time grafting in step S3, the Zhichang Anti-rootstock No. 1 rootstock cutting seedling is a two-year-old rootstock seedling.

4. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the one-time grafting of step S3, water thoroughly once 3-5 days before grafting, water thoroughly once after grafting, and then water frequently with small amounts of water to maintain soil moisture at 65%-75%.

5. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the secondary grafting in step S4, the grafted rootstock is the perennial Zhichang Anti-rootstock No.

1.

6. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4 of secondary grafting, the secondary grafting frame is a high-positioned rootstock flat scaffold.

7. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation method of the high-position rootstock flat scaffold is as follows: In the first year of planting the rootstock, select the main branches for cultivation and tie them to the trellis surface. No side branches are left below the trellis surface. Starting from the trellis surface, leave a side branch every 15-20cm along the growth of the main trunk. After the side branches are full of trellises, pinch them to control. When pruning in winter, leave one bud on the side branches and cut them short. In the spring of the second year, after the rootstock sprouts, hybrid varieties are grafted at a length of 25-30cm for the new shoots growing from the lateral branches. The grafted new shoots are tied along the growth direction of the lateral branches to form variety branches. In the following years, for hybrid varieties that have no value after bearing fruit, they will be pruned back in the winter of that year and new hybrid varieties will be grafted in the spring of the following year.

8. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 7, characterized in that: The planting rootstock of the high-position rootstock flat trellis is Zhichang Anti-rootstock No.

1.

9. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spacing between the rows and plants of the planting rootstock is 1m×1.5m.

10. The method for shortening the fruiting period of grape breeding according to claim 7, characterized in that: The height of the high-position rootstock flat scaffold is 1.8-2m.

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