Method for evaluating acid resistance and high yield of oilseed rape and method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield oilseed rape variety

Abstract

The invention provides an evaluation method of acid-resistant high-yield rape and a screening method of acid-resistant high-yield rape, and the evaluation method comprises the following steps: selecting rape varieties to carry out field experiments, and counting the seed yields of different rape varieties in the mature period under acid stress and acid improvement treatment; calculating according to the grain yield of the to-be-tested variety under the acid stress treatment and the average grain yield of all the to-be-tested varieties under the acid improvement treatment to obtain an acid-resistant index, synthesizing the high-yield indexes under the acid stress treatment and the acid improvement treatment to obtain a high-yield index, and obtaining an acid-resistant high-yield index according to the acid-resistant index and the high-yield index. The acid resistance grade, the high yield grade and the acid resistance high yield grade of the rape are determined through the three indexes; further screening out rape varieties with acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield exceeding a certain level, and determining the rape varieties as acid-resistant high-yield rape varieties. The screened acid-resistant high-yield rape variety can obtain higher grain yield under two conditions of acid stress and acid improvement, and is beneficial to breeding and production practice application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and breeding, and in particular to a method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed and a method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties. Background Art

[0002] Soil acidification is a global agricultural and environmental problem. According to statistics, acidic soils account for about 30% of the world's total land area and 50% of potential arable land. In my country, acidic soils account for about 22.7% of the country's total land area, mainly distributed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the vast area south of the Yangtze River. Soil acidification will lead to an imbalance of nutrient elements in the soil, reduce soil fertility, and activate toxic metal ions such as aluminum and manganese in the soil, increasing their toxicity. A large number of studies have shown that soil acidification will hinder the growth and development of crop roots and the absorption of nutrients, leading to reduced crop yields and a decline in the quality of agricultural products.

[0003] Rapeseed is one of the main oil crops in my country, and its planting area and total grain yield are among the highest in the world. However, the main winter rapeseed production areas in my country highly overlap with the distribution areas of acidic soils, and soil acidification has become an important limiting factor for rapeseed growth and grain yield increases.

[0004] Screening acid-resistant rapeseed varieties can be used as a method to deal with soil acidification in the main rapeseed producing areas, which will also be conducive to the sustainable development of the rapeseed industry. At present, the existing screening methods for acid-resistant rapeseed varieties have problems such as single evaluation indicators and traditional screening methods, resulting in the screened varieties being not acid-resistant or acid-resistant but not high-yielding. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new evaluation method for rapeseed acid resistance and high-yield and a screening method for acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties, so that the screened varieties have both acid resistance and high yield, and can obtain higher grain yields under both acid stress conditions and acid improvement conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed and a method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties, which can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed. The acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties screened out have both acid resistance and high yield, and can obtain higher grain yields under both acid stress and acid improvement conditions, which is beneficial to breeding and production practice applications. The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed, comprising the following steps: A field test was conducted on multiple rapeseed varieties to be evaluated on acidic soil, and two fertilization treatments were set: acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment. The acid stress treatment was normal fertilization, and the acid improvement treatment was normal fertilization plus application of acidic soil conditioner. The grain yield of different rapeseed varieties at maturity under the two fertilization treatments was counted. The acid resistance index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to the following formula I: Formula I The high yield index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to the following formula II, formula III and formula IV: Formula II Formula III Formula IV The acid resistance and high yield index of different rapeseed varieties were calculated according to the following formula V: Formula V The acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of rapeseed are determined according to the acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance and high yield index, and the acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed are evaluated.

[0006] The acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance high yield index were used to evaluate the acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance high yield of different rapeseed varieties. In the acid resistance evaluation, the average grain yield of all tested varieties under acid improvement treatment was introduced into the acid resistance index formula, which can reduce the impact of complex field environment on the acid resistance evaluation of different rapeseed varieties; in the high yield evaluation, the high yield index took into account the high yield of different rapeseed varieties under acid stress and acid improvement treatments, which can more systematically evaluate the high yield of different rapeseed varieties; in the acid resistance high yield evaluation, the acid resistance high yield index comprehensively considered the acid resistance and high yield of different rapeseed varieties, which can provide a more accurate and scientific basis for the acid resistance and high yield evaluation of different varieties.

[0007] Preferably, the soil of the field test meets the following criteria: the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties participating in the evaluation under acid stress treatment is reduced by 10% or more compared with that under acid modification treatment; Formula VI.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the normal fertilization is the application amount of compound fertilizer commonly used by local farmers, and the application amount is 30~50kg / mu. The specific application amount varies depending on the rapeseed grain yield level and soil acidification degree in the area where the field test is located.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the type of acidic soil conditioner to be applied is determined according to the degree of soil acidification. On weakly acidic soils with a pH of 5.5≤pH<6.0, one or two of organic fertilizer and biochar can be applied as acidic soil conditioners; on strongly acidic soils with a pH of 4.5≤pH<5.5, one or more of organic fertilizer, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, and lime can be applied as acidic soil conditioners; on extremely strongly acidic soils with a pH of <4.5, one or two of lime and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer can be applied as acidic soil conditioners.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the acid resistance of rapeseed is divided into weak acid resistance and strong acid resistance. When evaluating, field tests are carried out on weak acid soil and strong acid soil respectively, among which 5.5≤pH<6.0 is weak acid soil, and 4.5≤pH<5.5 is strong acid soil.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance high yield grade of rapeseed are determined under weakly acidic and strongly acidic soil conditions respectively. The specific steps are as follows: The acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance high yield index are divided into five intervals from high to low, namely the first interval, the second interval, the third interval, the fourth interval and the fifth interval, and the corresponding acid resistance grades are extremely strong, strong, medium, weak and extremely weak.

[0012] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed. The acid resistance level, high yield level and acid resistance and high yield level of rapeseed are determined by the above-mentioned method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed. Rapeseed varieties whose acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield all exceed certain levels are screened out and determined as acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the acid resistance level, high yield level and acid resistance and high yield level of the rapeseed are extremely strong, strong, medium, weak and extremely weak respectively. When the variety to be tested simultaneously meets: the acid resistance level is strong or extremely strong, the high yield level is strong or extremely strong, and the acid resistance and high yield index is strong or extremely strong, it is determined to be an acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed variety.

[0014] According to the above scheme, under the weakly acidic soil condition of 5.5≤pH<6.0, the rapeseed varieties screened out are weakly acid-resistant and high-yield; under the strong acidic soil condition of 4.5≤pH<5.5, the rapeseed varieties screened out are strong acid-resistant and high-yield.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) In the process of evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed, the present invention introduces two indicators, acid resistance index and high yield index, and further obtains the acid resistance and high yield index. Rapeseed is evaluated by the three indicators of acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance and high yield index, which can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed.

[0016] 2) In the screening method of acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties, in addition to comprehensively considering acid resistance and high yield, acid resistance and high yield are also considered separately. The combination of the three indicators can more systematically screen out acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties. The screened acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties can achieve high yield under both acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment, and have good production application prospects and promotion potential.

[0017] 3) The evaluation method and screening method provided by the present invention are simple, easy to implement, practical, and can provide certain scientific standards and basis for the large-scale screening of acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a statistical chart of grain yield of rapeseed varieties at different levels under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment after the acid resistance of 32 rapeseed varieties in Example 1 of the present invention is graded; Figure 2 The grain yield statistics of rapeseed varieties at different levels under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment after the high-yield strength of 32 rapeseed varieties in Example 1 of the present invention is graded; Figure 3 The grain yield statistics of rapeseed varieties at different levels under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment after the acid resistance and high yield of 32 rapeseed varieties in Example 1 of the present invention are graded; Figure 4 The results of screening the acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a statistical chart of grain yield of rapeseed varieties at different levels under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment after the acid resistance of 27 rapeseed varieties in Example 2 of the present invention is graded; Figure 6 The grain yield statistics of rapeseed varieties at different levels under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment after the high-yield strength of 27 rapeseed varieties in Example 2 of the present invention is graded; Figure 7 The grain yield statistics of rapeseed varieties at different levels under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment after the acid resistance and high yield of 27 rapeseed varieties in Example 2 of the present invention are graded; Figure 8 This is the screening result of the acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] The invention provides a method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed and a method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties.

[0021] The method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed comprises the following steps: A field test was conducted on multiple rapeseed varieties to be evaluated on acidic soil, and two fertilization treatments were set: acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment. The acid stress treatment was normal fertilization, and the acid improvement treatment was normal fertilization plus application of acidic soil conditioner. The grain yield of different rapeseed varieties at maturity under the two fertilization treatments was counted. The acid resistance index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to the following formula I: Formula I The high yield index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to the following formula II, formula III and formula IV: Formula II Formula III Formula IV The acid resistance and high yield index of different rapeseed varieties were calculated according to the following formula V: Formula V The acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of rapeseed are determined according to the acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance and high yield index, and the acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed are evaluated.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, the soil of the field test meets the following criteria: the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties participating in the evaluation under acid stress treatment is reduced by 10% or more compared with that under acid modification treatment; Formula VI.

[0023] In some specific implementation schemes, the normal fertilization is the application amount of compound fertilizer commonly used by local farmers, usually at a rate of 30-50 kg / mu. The specific application amount varies depending on the rapeseed grain yield level and soil acidification degree in the area where the field test is located.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, the type of acidic soil conditioner to be applied is determined according to the degree of soil acidification. On weakly acidic soils with a pH of 5.5 ≤ pH < 6.0, one or two of organic fertilizer and biochar can be applied as acidic soil conditioners; on strongly acidic soils with a pH of 4.5 ≤ pH < 5.5, one or more of organic fertilizer, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, and lime can be applied as acidic soil conditioners; on extremely strongly acidic soils with a pH of < 4.5, one or two of lime and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer can be applied as acidic soil conditioners.

[0025] In some specific embodiments, the acid resistance of rapeseed is divided into weak acid resistance and strong acid resistance. When evaluating, field tests are carried out on weak acid soil and strong acid soil respectively. The pH of weak acid soil is 5.5≤pH<6.0, and the pH of strong acid soil is 4.5≤pH<5.5.

[0026] Under weakly acidic and strongly acidic soil conditions, the acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance high yield grade of rapeseed are determined respectively. The specific steps are as follows: The acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance high yield index are divided into five intervals from high to low, namely the first interval, the second interval, the third interval, the fourth interval and the fifth interval, and the corresponding acid resistance grades are extremely strong, strong, medium, weak and extremely weak.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, under weakly acidic soil conditions, the grading standards for rapeseed acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade are shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.

[0028] Table 1 Classification standard of acid resistance of rapeseed under weak acid conditions

[0029] Table 2 Classification standards for high yield of rapeseed under weak acid conditions

[0030] Table 3 Classification standard of acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed under weak acid conditions

[0031] In some specific embodiments, under strong acidic soil conditions, the grading standards for rapeseed acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade are shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6, respectively.

[0032] Table 4 Acid resistance grading standards for rapeseed under strong acid conditions

[0033] Table 5 Classification standards for high yield of rapeseed under strong acidic conditions

[0034] Table 6 Classification standard of acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed under strong acid conditions

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties. The acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of rapeseed are determined by the above-mentioned evaluation method of rapeseed acid resistance and high yield, and rapeseed varieties whose acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield all exceed certain grades are screened out and determined as acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, the acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of the rapeseed are extremely strong, strong, medium, weak and extremely weak, respectively. When the variety to be tested simultaneously meets: the acid resistance grade is strong or extremely strong, the high yield grade is strong or extremely strong, and the acid resistance and high yield index is strong or extremely strong, it is determined to be an acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed variety.

[0037] Under weakly acidic soil conditions of 5.5≤pH<6.0, the rapeseed varieties screened out are weakly acid-resistant and high-yield; under strongly acidic soil conditions of 4.5≤pH<5.5, the rapeseed varieties screened out are strongly acid-resistant and high-yield.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, under weakly acidic soil conditions of 5.5≤pH<6.0, when the variety to be tested simultaneously meets the acid resistance index ≥8.0, the high yield index ≥1.15, and the acid resistance and high yield index ≥0.8, it is determined to be a weakly acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed variety.

[0039] In other specific embodiments, under strong acidic soil conditions of 4.5≤pH<5.5, when the variety to be tested simultaneously meets the acid resistance index ≥0.70, the high yield index ≥1.40, and the acid resistance and high yield index ≥0.90, it is determined to be a strong acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed variety.

[0040] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0041] Example 1 Acid resistance, high yield, acid resistance and high yield evaluation of different rapeseed varieties under weakly acidic soil conditions and screening of weakly acid resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties 1. Rapeseed varieties tested 32 rapeseed varieties were selected, namely: Huayouza 158, Jinyouza 8, Jinyouza 9, Shengyuan 1, Huayouza 655R, Shengdeng 1, Shengguang 50, Shengguang 165R, Shengguang 168, Huayouza 50, Zhongshuang 11, Huayouza 9, Yangguang 2009, Zhongyouza 19, Fengyou 306, Huayouza 62, Zhongyouza 28, Jinyouza 605, Fengyou 730, Ningza 182, Liyouza 501, Xiaoyou 777, Ganyouza 108, Changyouza 9, Xiangzayou 743, Fengyou 737, Qingyou 8, Runpufeng, Tianheyou 17, Zhejiangyou50, Zhejiangyou51 and Ganyouza 8.

[0042] 2. Field trial design The field trial was conducted in Maqiao Town, Xianning City, Hubei Province from 2023 to 2024. The soil pH before sowing was 5.63, which was a weakly acidic soil and met the soil conditions for conducting the trial.

[0043] The experiment adopted a two-factor randomized block design and set up two fertilization treatments: 1) Acid stress treatment: Apply 40kg / mu of 15-7-8 compound fertilizer.

[0044] 2) Acid improvement treatment: Apply 40kg / mu of 15-7-8 compound fertilizer and 25kg / mu of organic silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer as acidic soil conditioner.

[0045] The test soil must also meet the following standards: the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties participating in the evaluation and screening under acid stress treatment should be reduced by more than or equal to 10% compared with that under acid improvement treatment (Formula VI).

[0046] Formula VI Under the two treatments, three plots were set up for each variety, and the plot area was 5m 2 , the interval between two cells is 0.5m.

[0047] The fertilization method is to mix the fertilizer before sowing and evenly spread it on the ground as base fertilizer, and spread urea 5kg / mu before the rapeseed wintering period. The rapeseed sowing method is manual direct sowing, and thinning is carried out in the seedling stage. After sowing, weeding and insecticides are carried out in time, and timely weeding and insecticides are carried out during the growth period.

[0048] 3. Grain yield determination After reaching maturity, all rapeseed in the plot was harvested and yield was measured, and rapeseed grain yield was calibrated based on 13% grain moisture content.

[0049] 4. Production reduction assessment The average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties under acid stress treatment was 1272 kg / ha, and the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties under acid improvement treatment was 1875 kg / ha. The yield reduction under acid stress treatment was 32%, which met the soil conditions for conducting the experiment.

[0050] 5. Evaluation and screening results under weak acid conditions (1) Acid resistance index Based on the grain yield data under the two treatments, the acid tolerance index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to formula I.

[0051] Formula I The acid resistance grades of different rapeseed varieties were determined according to the grading evaluation standards in Table 1. Figure 1The grain yield of rapeseed varieties at five levels under acid stress and acid improvement treatments was counted, and rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid resistance levels were screened out (see Table 7).

[0052] Table 7 Grain yield and acid tolerance index of rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid tolerance under weak acid conditions

[0053] Under weak acid conditions, two rapeseed varieties with extremely strong acid resistance and four varieties with strong acid resistance were screened, namely Zhongyouza 28, Huayouza 62, Xiangzayou 743, Shengyuan 1, Huayouza 50, and Ganyouza 8.

[0054] (2) High yield index Based on the grain yield data under the two treatments, the high yield index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to Formula II, Formula III and Formula IV.

[0055] Formula II Formula III Formula IV According to the grading evaluation standards in Table 2, the high-yield grades of different rapeseed varieties are determined. Figure 2 The grain yields of rapeseed varieties at five levels under acid stress and acid improvement treatments were counted, and rapeseed varieties with extremely high and strong high-yield levels were selected (see Table 8).

[0056] Table 8 Grain yield and high yield index of rapeseed varieties with extremely high and strong high yield under weak acid conditions

[0057] Under weak acid conditions, four extremely high-yield and five high-yield rapeseed varieties were screened, namely Zhongyouza 28, Huayouza 62, Xiangzayou 743, Shengyuan 1, Ganyouza 8, Huayouza 50, Tianheyou 17, Huayouza 9 and Shengdeng 1.

[0058] (3) Acid resistance and high yield index The acid-resistance and high-yield index of different rapeseed varieties were calculated according to Formula V based on the acid-resistance and high-yield index of different rapeseed varieties.

[0059] Formula V According to the grading evaluation standard in Table 3, the acid resistance and high yield grade of different rapeseed varieties are determined. Figure 3 The grain yields of rapeseed varieties at five levels under acid stress and acid improvement treatments were counted, and rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid resistance and high yield levels were screened out (see Table 9).

[0060] Table 9 Grain yield and acid-resistance index of rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid-resistance under weak acid conditions

[0061] The four rapeseed varieties with extremely strong acid resistance and high yield and four with strong acid resistance and high yield screened under weak acid conditions are Zhongyouza 28, Huayouza 62, Xiangzayou 743, Shengyuan 1, Ganyouza 8, Huayouza 50, Tianheyou 17 and Huayouza 9.

[0062] (4) Screening of weak acid-tolerant and high-yield rapeseed varieties Based on the acid resistance level, high yield level and acid resistance and high yield level under weak acid conditions, varieties that meet the requirements of extremely strong or strong acid resistance level, extremely strong or strong high yield level and extremely strong or strong acid resistance and high yield level will be identified as weak acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties.

[0063] Results Figure 4 , a total of 6 weakly acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties were screened under weakly acid conditions, namely Zhongyouza 28, Huayouza 62, Xiangzayou 743, Shengyuan 1, Ganyouza 8, and Huayouza 50. Compared with the average value of all tested varieties, these 6 varieties had higher grain yields under both acid stress and acid improvement treatments, and also had higher acid resistance and high yield, meeting the criteria for acid-resistant and high-yield varieties (see Table 10).

[0064] Table 10 Grain yield and three indexes of the screened weak acid tolerant and high yield rapeseed varieties

[0065] Example 2 Acid resistance, high yield, acid resistance and high yield evaluation of different rapeseed varieties under strong acid soil conditions and screening of strong acid resistance and high yield rapeseed varieties 1. Rapeseed varieties tested 27 rapeseed varieties were selected, namely: Huayouza 158, Huayouza 9, Shengguang 165R, Shengyuan 1, Huayouza 62, Zhongshuang 11, Ganyouza 8, Zhongyouza 19, Xiangzayou 743, Shengguang 50, Zhongyouza 28, Jinyouza 2009, Xiangzayou 518, Zhongshuang 9, Fengyou 730, Qinyou 1699, Ganyouza 9, Ganyouza 10, Liyouza 501, Deyou 6, Changyouza 9, Dehezayou 9, Dehuiyou88, Ning R101, Runpufeng, Tianheyou17 and Ningza182.

[0066] 2. Field trial design The field test was conducted in Zhanggong Town, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province from 2023 to 2024. The soil pH before sowing was 4.96, which was a strongly acidic soil. The soil conditions for the test were met.

[0067] The experiment adopted a two-factor randomized block design and set up two fertilization treatments: 1) For acid stress treatment, apply 40kg / mu of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer.

[0068] 2) Acid improvement treatment: Apply 40kg / mu of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and 40kg / mu of organic silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer as acidic soil conditioners.

[0069] The test soil must also meet the following standards: the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties participating in the evaluation and screening under acid stress treatment should be reduced by more than or equal to 10% compared with that under acid improvement treatment (Formula VI).

[0070] Formula VI Under the two treatments, three plots were set up for each variety, and the plot area was 3.6m 2 , the interval between two cells is 0.5m.

[0071] The fertilization method is to mix the fertilizer before sowing and evenly spread it on the ground as base fertilizer, and spread urea 5kg / mu before the rapeseed wintering period. The rapeseed sowing method is manual direct sowing, and thinning is carried out in the seedling stage. After sowing, weeding and insecticides are carried out in time, and timely weeding and insecticides are carried out during the growth period.

[0072] 3. Grain yield determination After reaching maturity, all rapeseed in the plot was harvested and yield was measured, and rapeseed grain yield was calibrated based on 13% grain moisture content.

[0073] 4. Production reduction assessment The average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties under acid stress treatment was 924 kg / ha, and the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties under acid improvement treatment was 1528 kg / ha. The yield reduction under acid stress treatment was 40%, which met the soil conditions for conducting the experiment.

[0074] 5. Evaluation and screening results under strong acid conditions (1) Acid resistance index The acid resistance index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to formula I based on the grain yield data under the two treatments.

[0075] Formula I The acid resistance grades of different rapeseed varieties were determined according to the grading evaluation standards in Table 4. Figure 5 The grain yield of rapeseed varieties at five levels under acid stress and acid improvement treatments was counted, and rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid resistance levels were screened out (see Table 11).

[0076] Table 11 Grain yield and acid tolerance index of rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid tolerance under strong acid conditions

[0077] Two extremely acid-resistant and five strongly acid-resistant rapeseed varieties screened under strong acid conditions were Shengyuan No. 1, Ganyouza No. 8, Huayouza No. 9, Shengguang 50, Xiangzayou 743, Huayouza 62, and Zhongshuang No. 11.

[0078] (2) High yield index Based on the grain yield data under the two treatments, the high yield index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to Formula II, Formula III and Formula IV.

[0079] Formula II Formula III Formula IV According to the grading evaluation standard in Table 5, the high-yield grade of different rapeseed varieties is determined. Figure 6 The grain yield of rapeseed varieties at five levels under acid stress and acid improvement treatments was counted, and rapeseed varieties with extremely high and strong high yield levels were selected (see Table 12).

[0080] Table 12 Grain yield and high yield index of rapeseed varieties with extremely high and strong high yield under strong acid conditions

[0081] Two extremely high-yield and three high-yield rapeseed varieties screened under strong acid conditions were Ganyouza 8, Shengyuan 1, Huayouza 9, Xiangzayou 743, and Shengguang 165R.

[0082] (3) Acid resistance and high yield index The acid-resistance and high-yield index of different rapeseed varieties were calculated according to Formula V based on the acid-resistance and high-yield index of different rapeseed varieties.

[0083] Formula V According to the grading evaluation standard in Table 6, the acid resistance and high yield grade of different rapeseed varieties are determined. Figure 7 The grain yields of rapeseed varieties at five levels under acid stress and acid improvement treatments were counted, and rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid resistance and high yield levels were screened out (see Table 13).

[0084] Table 13 Grain yield and acid resistance index of rapeseed varieties with extremely strong and strong acid resistance under strong acid conditions

[0085] Two extremely acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties and four acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties screened under strong acid conditions were Shengyuan No. 1, Ganyouza No. 8, Huayouza No. 9, Xiangzayou 743, Shengguang 50, and Shengguang 165R.

[0086] (4) Screening of acid-tolerant and high-yield rapeseed varieties Based on the acid resistance level, high yield level and acid resistance and high yield level under strong acid conditions, varieties that meet the requirements of extremely strong or strong acid resistance level, extremely strong or strong high yield level and extremely strong or strong acid resistance and high yield level will be identified as strong acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties.

[0087] Results Figure 8 , a total of 4 strong acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties were screened under strong acid conditions, namely Shengyuan No. 1, Ganyouza No. 8, Huayouza No. 9, and Xiangzayou 743. Compared with the average value of all tested varieties, these 4 varieties had higher grain yields under both acid stress and acid improvement fertilization treatments, and also had higher acid resistance and high yield, meeting the criteria for acid-resistant and high-yield varieties (see Table 14).

[0088] Table 14 Grain yield and three indexes of the selected strong acid tolerant and high yield rapeseed varieties

[0089] In Example 1 and Example 2, the acid resistance, high yield, and acid resistance and high yield of different rapeseed varieties were evaluated under weakly acidic soil and strongly acidic soil conditions, respectively, and weakly acid-resistant high-yield rapeseed varieties and strong acid-resistant high-yield rapeseed varieties were screened based on the acid resistance level, high yield level, and acid resistance and high yield level. The screened weakly acid-resistant high-yield rapeseed varieties and strong acid-resistant high-yield rapeseed varieties can achieve high yields under acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment, and have good production application prospects and promotion potential.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A field test was conducted on multiple rapeseed varieties to be evaluated on acidic soil, and two fertilization treatments were set: acid stress treatment and acid improvement treatment. The acid stress treatment was normal fertilization, and the acid improvement treatment was normal fertilization plus application of acidic soil conditioner. The grain yield of different rapeseed varieties at maturity under the two fertilization treatments was counted. The acid resistance index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to the following formula I: Formula I The high yield index of different rapeseed varieties was calculated according to the following formula II, formula III and formula IV: Formula II Formula III Formula IV The acid resistance and high yield index of different rapeseed varieties were calculated according to the following formula V: Formula V According to the acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance and high yield index, the acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of rapeseed are determined, and its acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield are evaluated.

2. The method for evaluating acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soils in the field trials met the following criteria: the average grain yield of all rapeseed varieties evaluated under acid stress treatment was reduced by 10% or more compared with that under acid modification treatment. Formula VI.

3. The method for evaluating acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normal fertilization is the application amount of compound fertilizer commonly used by local farmers, which is 30-50 kg / mu. The specific application amount varies depending on the rapeseed grain yield level and soil acidification degree in the area where the field test is located.

4. The method for evaluating acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The type of acidic soil conditioner to be applied is determined according to the degree of soil acidification. On weakly acidic soils with a pH of 5.5 ≤ pH < 6.0, one or two of organic fertilizer and biochar are applied as acidic soil conditioners; on strongly acidic soils with a pH of 4.5 ≤ pH < 5.5, one or more of organic fertilizer, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, and lime are applied as acidic soil conditioners. On extremely acidic soils with a pH of less than 4.5, apply one or both of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers as acidic soil conditioners.

5. The method for evaluating acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid resistance of the rapeseed variety is divided into weak acid resistance and strong acid resistance. When evaluating, field tests are carried out on weak acid soil and strong acid soil respectively, wherein 5.5≤pH<6.0 is weak acid soil, and 4.5≤pH<5.5 is strong acid soil.

6. The method for evaluating acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed according to claim 5, characterized in that: Under weakly acidic and strongly acidic soil conditions, the acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance high yield grade of rapeseed are determined respectively. The specific steps are as follows: The acid resistance index, high yield index and acid resistance high yield index are divided into five intervals from high to low, namely the first interval, the second interval, the third interval, the fourth interval and the fifth interval, and the corresponding acid resistance grades are extremely strong, strong, medium, weak and extremely weak.

7. A method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties, characterized in that: The acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of rapeseed are determined by the evaluation method for acid resistance and high yield of rapeseed as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and rapeseed varieties whose acid resistance, high yield and acid resistance and high yield all exceed certain grades are screened out and determined as acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties.

8. The method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties according to claim 7, characterized in that: The acid resistance grade, high yield grade and acid resistance and high yield grade of the rapeseed are respectively very strong, strong, medium, weak and very weak. When the variety to be tested simultaneously meets: the acid resistance grade is strong or very strong, the high yield grade is strong or very strong, and the acid resistance and high yield index is strong or very strong, it is determined to be an acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed variety.

9. The method for screening acid-resistant and high-yield rapeseed varieties according to claim 8, characterized in that: Under weakly acidic soil conditions of 5.5≤pH<6.0, the rapeseed varieties screened out are weakly acid-resistant and high-yield; under strongly acidic soil conditions of 4.5≤pH<5.5, the rapeseed varieties screened out are strongly acid-resistant and high-yield.

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