Building model wind tunnel testing device and method capable of adjusting height-width ratio

Abstract

The invention discloses a building model wind tunnel testing device and method capable of adjusting the height-width ratio. The steel partition plate and the round wood plate are both connected with the wind tunnel rotating disc, the round wood plate is provided with a round through groove, the wind pressure collector is placed on the steel partition plate, the pressure measuring pipeline is connected with the wind pressure collector and a wind pressure measuring point on the test building model through the round groove in the center of the round wood plate, and the wind tunnel building model is fixed to the round wood plate through bolts. Under the condition that a wind tunnel building model is kept to be connected with a wind pressure collector through a pressure measuring pipeline, a plurality of groups of combinations of pressure measuring outer cylinders and connecting inner cylinders which need to be disassembled are disassembled in the vertical direction, and the disassembled cylinders can enter the position below the wind tunnel testing ground through a groove formed in the center of a round wood plate along the pressure measuring pipeline and are arranged above the wind pressure collector. On the premise that a pressure measuring pipeline does not need to be installed again, the height-width ratio of the building model can be rapidly adjusted in a wind tunnel, the method is suitable for columnar buildings with various section shapes and various height-width ratio conditions, and the influence of the height-width ratio on the building wind load is conveniently researched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of construction engineering, and in particular relates to a wind tunnel testing device and method for a building model with adjustable aspect ratio. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid advancement of urbanization and the continuous innovation of construction technology, human beings are constantly breaking through the limits of building height. At the same time, they are restricted by population, resources and other conditions. For the purpose of efficient use of land resources, high-rise buildings are increasingly widely chosen in urban construction. In architectural design, wind load is one of the loads that need to be considered. It is of great significance to accurately and reasonably determine the wind load acting on the building. In wind tunnel tests, pressure measurement methods are usually used to obtain the wind load of the building model. For high-rise buildings, the aspect ratio has a significant impact on its wind characteristics. When the aspect ratio is changed, the surface pressure distribution, aerodynamic force, flow separation, vortex shedding and wake structure of the building model will change accordingly. Therefore, the previous practice is to make multiple models with different aspect ratios for wind tunnel tests, which will increase the test cost; at the same time, installing the pressure measuring pipeline is a very time-consuming part of the wind tunnel test. Using multiple models for testing will increase the workload of installing the pressure measuring pipeline and extend the test cycle of the model. Therefore, the prior art lacks a wind tunnel test device for building models with adjustable aspect ratios. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind tunnel testing device and method for a building model with adjustable aspect ratio, so as to solve the problem that multiple wind tunnel test models with different aspect ratios cannot be installed simultaneously during the existing wind tunnel test process, thereby providing a basis for the wind-resistant design of the building.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] 1. A wind tunnel test device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio:

[0006] It comprises a fixed component and a wind tunnel building model, wherein the wind tunnel building model with an adjustable height-width ratio is installed on the fixed component, and a wind pressure collector in the fixed component is connected to the wind tunnel building model; the fixed component comprises a steel partition, a steel screw, a wind pressure collector, a round board and a wooden pole; a steel partition coaxial with the wind tunnel turntable is arranged above the wind tunnel turntable at the bottom of the building wind tunnel, the outer periphery of the steel partition and the inner periphery of the wind tunnel turntable are fixedly connected by a plurality of steel screws; a round board coaxial with the steel partition is arranged above the circular steel partition, the outer periphery of the round board and the outer periphery of the wind tunnel turntable are fixedly connected by a plurality of wooden poles; a circular through groove is opened in the middle of the round board, the wind tunnel building model is fixed at the circular through groove of the round board, the wind pressure collector is placed on the upper surface of the steel partition, and the wind pressure collector is used to monitor the wind pressure of the wind tunnel building model.

[0007] The wind tunnel building model comprises a bottom plate, a bottom inner tube, a pressure measuring unit, a top inner tube and a top plate, wherein the bottom inner tube is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate, the top inner tube is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the top plate, the top inner tube, the pressure measuring unit and the bottom inner tube are coaxial, and the top inner tube and the bottom inner tube are connected via the pressure measuring unit, and the bottom plate is mounted on the upper surface of a round wooden board; the bottom plate is mainly composed of two symmetrically arranged spliced ​​bottom plates, and the bottom inner tube is mainly composed of two symmetrically arranged spliced ​​inner tubes, and the two spliced ​​inner tubes are respectively fixedly connected to the two spliced ​​bottom plates.

[0008] The pressure measuring unit is mainly composed of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders. The plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders are arranged in an interval from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. A connecting inner cylinder is provided between each two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders, and the connecting inner cylinder and the pressure measuring outer cylinder are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. The two ends of the connecting inner cylinder are respectively sleeved on the inner side walls of the two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders, and the top inner cylinder and the bottom inner cylinder are respectively sleeved on the inner walls of the two pressure measuring outer cylinders at the end portions of the pressure measuring unit; a plurality of wind pressure measuring points are arranged on the surface of the pressure measuring outer cylinder, and the plurality of wind pressure measuring points are arranged in the middle of the side wall of the pressure measuring outer cylinder at even intervals along the circumference of the pressure measuring outer cylinder, and the wind pressure measuring points are used to measure the wind load of the wind tunnel building model.

[0009] The outer diameters of the bottom inner cylinder, the top inner cylinder and the connecting inner cylinder are consistent, and the inner diameter of the pressure measuring outer cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting inner cylinder.

[0010] The outer side wall of the connecting inner cylinder is provided with a circle of protrusions, and the ends of the two pressure measuring outer cylinders connected to the connecting inner cylinder are in contact with the protrusions. After the wind tunnel building model is installed, the distance between two adjacent connecting inner cylinders is greater than 3 cm.

[0011] The wind pressure collector is connected to the wind pressure measuring point on the wind tunnel building model through a pressure measuring pipeline.

[0012] The wind direction angle of the wind tunnel building model during the wind tunnel test is 0° to 90°.

[0013] 2. A wind tunnel test method for a building model with adjustable aspect ratio, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step S1, first, fix a steel partition and a round wooden board with a round through groove in the center above the wind tunnel turntable at the bottom of the building wind tunnel, and place a wind pressure collector on the steel partition;

[0015] Step S2, assembling a wind tunnel building model, connecting the wind tunnel building model to a wind pressure collector, rotating the wind tunnel turntable to change the wind direction angle, and using the wind pressure collector to collect wind loads of the current wind tunnel building model under different wind directions;

[0016] Step S3, adjusting the aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model, using a wind pressure collector to collect wind loads of wind tunnel building models with different aspect ratios at different wind directions, to simulate the wind loads borne by building structures with different aspect ratios under wind force under actual working conditions, and then obtaining the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure.

[0017] The step S2 is specifically as follows:

[0018] Step S2.1, first, install the two spliced ​​inner cylinders in the wind tunnel building model on the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the mobile wind tunnel building model respectively, move the two spliced ​​bottom plates so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are spliced ​​into one bottom plate, and at the same time, the two spliced ​​inner cylinders are spliced ​​into one bottom inner cylinder, then bolt the bottom plate to the round board so that the center of the bottom inner cylinder and the center of the round board are located on the same vertical line, install a pressure measuring unit consisting of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders on the bottom inner cylinder, and then sleeve the top inner cylinder tightly glued to the top plate on the pressure measuring unit;

[0019] A plurality of the pressure measuring outer cylinders are arranged in an interval manner from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit, and a connecting inner cylinder is provided between each two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders, so that the connecting inner cylinder and the pressure measuring outer cylinder are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit;

[0020] Step S2.2, connecting the wind pressure collector to the wind pressure measuring point on the pressure measuring outer cylinder through the pressure measuring pipeline;

[0021] Step S2.3, then rotate the wind tunnel turntable to change the wind direction angle, and use the wind pressure collector to collect the wind load of the current wind tunnel building model under different wind directions.

[0022] The step S3 is specifically as follows:

[0023] Step S3.1, adjusting the aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model: first, separate the pressure measuring outer cylinder and the connecting inner cylinder located at the bottom of the wind tunnel building model from the wind tunnel building model, detach the bottom plate from the round wooden board, then move the two spliced ​​bottom plates so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are separated, and the interval between the two spliced ​​bottom plates is larger than the outer diameter of the pressure measuring outer cylinder, and place the pressure measuring outer cylinder and the connecting inner cylinder separated from the wind tunnel building model on the wind pressure collector along the extension direction of the pressure measuring pipeline through the circular through groove of the round wooden board;

[0024] The number of the detached pressure measuring outer cylinders and the connected inner cylinders is the same;

[0025] Step S3.2, then move the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the wind tunnel building model so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are spliced ​​into one bottom plate, and the two spliced ​​inner cylinders are spliced ​​into one bottom inner cylinder, and the bottom plate is connected to the round board, and the bottommost pressure measuring outer cylinder is sleeved on the bottom inner cylinder;

[0026] Step S3.3, then rotating the wind tunnel turntable, using the wind pressure collector to collect the wind load of the wind tunnel building model with the current aspect ratio at different wind direction angles;

[0027] Step S3.4, repeat steps S3.1 to S3.3 multiple times to obtain the wind loads of wind tunnel building models with different aspect ratios at different wind directions, to simulate the wind loads borne by building structures with different aspect ratios under wind force under actual working conditions, so as to obtain the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure, and use the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure to perform structural wind resistance design of the building structure under actual working conditions.

[0028] The wind tunnel building model of the present invention comprises a bottom plate, a bottom inner cylinder, a pressure measuring unit, a top inner cylinder and a top plate, wherein the components in the wind tunnel building model are axially sleeved and connected, and the centers of the components are located on the same vertical line. The wind tunnel testing device also comprises a fixed component in the wind tunnel, and the wind tunnel building model is installed on the fixed component.

[0029] The pressure measuring unit is composed of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders, which are arranged alternately in the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. A plurality of wind pressure measuring points are arranged on the surface of the pressure measuring outer cylinder for measuring the wind load of the wind tunnel building model.

[0030] The wind pressure measuring points on the surface of the pressure measuring outer cylinder are connected to the wind pressure collector below the wind tunnel test ground through the pressure measuring pipeline. The wind tunnel building model can, under the premise of keeping the pressure measuring pipeline connected, disassemble the combination of several groups of pressure measuring outer cylinders and connecting inner cylinders that need to be disassembled in the vertical direction. The disassembled pressure measuring outer cylinders and connecting inner cylinders can enter below the wind tunnel test ground through the circular through groove opened in the center of the round wooden board along the extension direction of the pressure measuring pipeline, and be placed above the wind pressure collector, so as to realize the adjustment of the height-to-width ratio of the wind tunnel building model.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. The present invention takes into account the complexity of the connection of the pressure measuring pipeline in the wind tunnel pressure measuring experiment, avoids the multiple installation of the pressure measuring pipeline, and realizes the adjustment of the aspect ratio of the wind tunnel test model when only one pressure measuring pipeline is installed, which is convenient for analyzing the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load of the building; at the same time, when the wind tunnel test model is connected to the pressure measuring pipeline, each segment of the model is restricted by the series connection of the pressure measuring pipeline and cannot be directly removed. The present invention adjusts the aspect ratio of the test model by placing a plurality of pressure measuring units below the wind tunnel test ground.

[0033] 2. The present invention is applicable to all building models whose cross-sectional shapes remain unchanged with height, such as cylindrical, elliptical, and rectangular column building structures. It does not limit the arrangement of wind pressure measuring points, nor does it limit the range and value of the adjustable aspect ratio, and can be flexibly adjusted according to test requirements.

[0034] 3. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to install, has guaranteed rigidity, and has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the pressure measuring outer cylinder, the connecting inner cylinder and the bottom plate;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a top view of the bottom plate and bottom inner tube;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the operation of changing the aspect ratio of the model;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1. Building wind tunnel; 2. Wind tunnel turntable; 3. Steel partition; 4. Steel screw; 5. Wind pressure collector; 6. Pressure measuring pipeline; 7. Round wood board; 8. Wooden pole; 9. Wind tunnel building model; 10. Bottom plate; 11. Bottom inner cylinder; 12. Pressure measuring outer cylinder; 13. Wind pressure measuring point; 14. Connecting inner cylinder; 15. Top inner cylinder; 16. Top plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation cases. The following implementation cases will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but will not limit the present invention in any form.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a fixed component and a wind tunnel building model 9 with an adjustable aspect ratio. The wind tunnel building model 9 is installed on the fixed component. The wind pressure collector 5 in the fixed component is connected to the wind tunnel building model 9 through a pressure measuring pipeline 6; the fixed component includes a steel partition 3, a steel screw 4, a wind pressure collector 5, a round board 7 and a wooden pole 8. A steel partition 3 coaxial with the wind tunnel turntable 2 is provided above the wind tunnel turntable 2 at the bottom of the building wind tunnel 1. The outer periphery of the steel partition 3 is fixedly connected to the inner periphery of the wind tunnel turntable 2 through a plurality of steel screws 4. A circular steel partition 3 is provided above the circular steel partition 3. A circular wooden board 7 is coaxial with the steel partition plate 3, and the outer periphery of the circular wooden board 7 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the wind tunnel turntable 2 by multiple wooden rods 8. A circular through groove is opened in the middle of the circular wooden board 7. The wind tunnel building model 9 is fixed to the circular through groove of the circular wooden board 7 by bolts, and the bottom size of the wind tunnel building model 9 is larger than the circular through groove, so that the wind tunnel building model 9 is placed on the upper surface of the circular wooden board 7, and the wind pressure collector 5 is located directly below the circular through groove. The wind pressure collector 5 is placed on the upper surface of the steel partition plate 3, and the wind pressure collector 5 is used to monitor the wind pressure of the wind tunnel building model 9.

[0043] like Figure 2As shown, the wind tunnel building model 9 includes a bottom plate 10, a bottom inner tube 11, a pressure measuring unit, a top inner tube 15 and a top plate 16; the bottom inner tube 11 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 10, the top inner tube 15 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the top plate 16, the top inner tube 15, the pressure measuring unit and the bottom inner tube 11 are coaxial, and the top inner tube 15 and the bottom inner tube 11 are connected through the pressure measuring unit, and the bottom plate 10 is mounted on the upper surface of the round board 7; Figure 3 As shown, the bottom plate 10 is mainly composed of two symmetrically arranged spliced ​​bottom plates, and the bottom inner cylinder 11 is mainly composed of two symmetrically arranged spliced ​​inner cylinders, and the two spliced ​​inner cylinders are respectively fixedly connected to the two spliced ​​bottom plates.

[0044] The pressure measuring unit is mainly composed of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders 14. The plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 are arranged in an interval from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. A connecting inner cylinder 14 is provided between each two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders 12, and the connecting inner cylinder 14 and the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. The two ends of the connecting inner cylinder 14 are respectively sleeved on the inner side walls of the two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders 12, and the top inner cylinder 15 and the bottom inner cylinder 11 are respectively sleeved on the inner side walls of the two pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 at the end parts of the pressure measuring unit. Specifically, the outer side wall of the top inner cylinder 15 is connected to the inner wall of the topmost pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 in the pressure measuring unit, and the outer side wall of the bottom inner cylinder 11 is connected to the inner wall of the bottommost pressure measuring outer cylinder 12.

[0045] A plurality of wind pressure measuring points 13 are arranged on the surface of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 . The plurality of wind pressure measuring points 13 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 . The wind pressure measuring points 13 are used to measure the wind load of the wind tunnel building model 9 .

[0046] The outer diameters of the bottom inner cylinder 11 , the top inner cylinder 15 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 are consistent, and the inner diameter of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the connecting inner cylinder 14 .

[0047] The outer wall of the connecting inner cylinder 14 is provided with a circle of protrusions, and the ends of the two pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 connected to the connecting inner cylinder 14 are in contact with the protrusions. After the wind tunnel building model 9 is installed, the distance between two adjacent connecting inner cylinders 14 is greater than 3 cm to reserve space for the wind pressure measuring point 13.

[0048] The wind pressure collector 5 is connected to the wind pressure measuring point 13 on the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 in the wind tunnel building model through the pressure measuring pipeline 6.

[0049] The wind direction angle of the wind tunnel building model 9 during the wind tunnel test is 0° to 90°.

[0050] While the wind tunnel building model 9 is connected to the wind pressure collector 5 through the pressure measuring pipeline 6, the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 that need to be disassembled are disassembled in the vertical direction, and the bottom plate 10 and the bottom inner cylinder 11 are separated in the horizontal direction, leaving enough space for the disassembled pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 to pass through. The disassembled pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 can enter below the wind tunnel test ground along the extension direction of the pressure measuring pipeline 6 through the circular through groove opened in the center of the round board 7, and be placed above the wind pressure collector 5. After the bottom plate 10 and the bottom inner cylinder 11 are combined, the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the model inner cylinder above the round board 7 can be reassembled vertically to form the wind tunnel building model 9 with a changed aspect ratio. Among them, the model inner cylinder includes the connecting inner cylinder 14, the bottom inner cylinder 11 and the top inner cylinder 15.

[0051] The various components of the wind tunnel building model 9, including the bottom plate 10, the bottom inner tube 11, the pressure measuring outer tube 12, the connecting inner tube 14, the top inner tube 15 and the top plate 16, can be repeatedly disassembled and spliced. The aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model 9 is achieved by changing the number of sections of the pressure measuring outer tube 12 and the connecting inner tube 14. In order to install the pressure measuring pipeline 6 only once, the present invention generally starts the test from the working condition with the highest aspect ratio. The wind tunnel building model 9 is first installed completely. After the maximum aspect ratio working condition test is completed, several sections of the pressure measuring outer tube 12 and the connecting inner tube 14 are lowered under the round board 7, and the working conditions of each aspect ratio are tested in sequence from large to small.

[0052] The bottom plate 10, bottom inner cylinder 11, pressure measuring outer cylinder 12, connecting inner cylinder 14, top inner cylinder 15 and top plate 16 in the wind tunnel building model 9 are all made of acrylic material. The inner diameters of the pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 are the same, and the inner diameters of the pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 are slightly larger than the outer diameters of the inner cylinders of each model, so that the sleeves can be just assembled and there is a sufficiently large friction between the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 so that the components of the overall wind tunnel building model 9 do not move relative to each other when subjected to force. The pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 correspond to each other in space, and the central axis coincides. The inner wall of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the outer wall of the connecting inner cylinder 14 can be polished with sandpaper to increase the surface roughness and make the connection tighter.

[0053] The wind tunnel building model 9 can be any building model whose cross-sectional shape does not change with height. The present invention is described by taking a cylinder as an example. In practice, it can be applied to building structures such as elliptical cylinders and rectangular cylinders. The height of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 can be changed as required. After installation, a space of at least 3 cm in height needs to be reserved for the wind pressure measuring point 13 between the two connecting inner cylinders 14.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0055] Step S1, first, a steel partition plate 3 and a round wooden board 7 with a circular through groove in the center are fixed above the wind tunnel turntable 2 at the bottom of the building wind tunnel 1 through a plurality of steel screws 4 and a plurality of wooden rods 8, and a wind pressure collector 5 is placed on the steel partition plate 3;

[0056] Step S2, assemble the wind tunnel building model 9, connect the wind tunnel building model 9 to the wind pressure collector 5 through the pressure measuring pipeline 6, rotate the wind tunnel turntable 2 to change the wind direction angle, and use the wind pressure collector 5 to collect the wind load of the current wind tunnel building model 9 under different wind directions; by rotating the wind tunnel turntable 2, realize the test under the wind direction angle of 0° to 90°.

[0057] Step S3, adjusting the aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model 9, using the wind pressure collector 5 to collect the wind loads of the wind tunnel building models 9 with different aspect ratios at different wind directions, to simulate the wind loads borne by building structures with different aspect ratios under wind force under actual working conditions, and then obtaining the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure under actual working conditions, and using the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure to perform structural wind resistance design on the building structure under actual working conditions.

[0058] The specific steps of step S2 are as follows:

[0059] Step S2.1, respectively install the two spliced ​​inner cylinders in the wind tunnel building model 9 on the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the mobile wind tunnel building model 9, move the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the wind tunnel building model 9, so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are spliced ​​into a bottom plate 10, and at the same time, splice the two spliced ​​inner cylinders in the wind tunnel building model 9 into a bottom inner cylinder 11, then connect the spliced ​​bottom plate 10 with the round board 7, so that the center of the bottom inner cylinder 11 in the wind tunnel building model 9 and the center of the round board 7 are located on the same vertical line, and coaxially install the pressure measuring unit composed of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders 14 on the bottom inner cylinder 11, and then sleeve the top inner cylinder 15 tightly glued to the top plate 16 on the pressure measuring unit;

[0060] Among them, a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 are arranged in an interval manner from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit, and a connecting inner cylinder 14 is provided between each two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders 12, so that the connecting inner cylinder 14 and the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit;

[0061] In a specific implementation, the pressure measuring unit is installed as follows: connect in sequence one section of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12, one section of the connecting inner cylinder 14, the next section of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12, and the next section of the connecting inner cylinder 14 until the maximum aspect ratio is reached.

[0062] Step S2.2, connecting the wind pressure collector 5 to the wind pressure measuring point 13 on the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 through the pressure measuring pipeline 6;

[0063] Step S2.3, then rotate the wind tunnel turntable 2 to change the wind direction angle, and use the wind pressure collector 5 to collect the wind load of the current wind tunnel building model 9 under different wind directions.

[0064] Step S3 is specifically as follows:

[0065] Step S3.1: Figure 4 As shown, the height-width ratio of the wind tunnel building model 9 is adjusted: first, the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 located at the bottom of the wind tunnel building model 9 are separated from the wind tunnel building model 9, and the bottom plate 10 is disassembled from the round board 7. Then, the two spliced ​​bottom plates are moved so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are separated, and the interval between the two spliced ​​bottom plates is larger than the outer diameter of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12. The pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 separated from the wind tunnel building model 9 are placed on the wind pressure collector 5 along the extension direction of the pressure measuring pipeline 6 through the circular through groove of the round board 7; wherein, the number of the detached pressure measuring outer cylinders 12 and the connecting inner cylinders 14 is the same;

[0066] Step S3.2, then move the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the wind tunnel building model 9 so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are spliced ​​into a bottom plate 10, and the two spliced ​​inner cylinders are spliced ​​into a bottom inner cylinder 11, and the bottom plate 10 is connected to the round board 7, and the bottommost pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 is sleeved on the bottom inner cylinder 11;

[0067] Step S3.3, then rotating the wind tunnel turntable 2, using the wind pressure collector 5 to collect the wind load of the wind tunnel building model 9 with the current aspect ratio at different wind direction angles;

[0068] Step S3.4, repeat steps S3.1 to S3.3 multiple times to obtain the wind loads of the wind tunnel building model 9 with different aspect ratios at different wind directions, to simulate the wind loads borne by building structures with different aspect ratios under wind force under actual working conditions, and then obtain the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure under actual working conditions, and use the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure to perform structural wind resistance design on the building structure under actual working conditions.

[0069] The aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model 9 is achieved by changing the number of sections of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14. The height of the pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 can be changed as needed, and wind tunnel tests of wind loads of building models with various aspect ratios can be realized. The wind tunnel building model 9 can be any building model whose cross-sectional shape remains unchanged with the height, and can be applied to building structures such as elliptical columns and rectangular columns. A space of at least 3 cm in height must be left for the wind pressure measuring point 13 between the two sections of the connecting inner cylinder 14 after installation. The pressure measuring outer cylinder 12 and the connecting inner cylinder 14 disassembled below the round board 7 can lie above the wind pressure collector 5 along with the connecting plate of the pressure measuring pipeline 6, without affecting the wind tunnel building model 9.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fixed component and a wind tunnel building model (9), wherein the wind tunnel building model (9) with an adjustable aspect ratio is mounted on the fixed component, and a wind pressure collector (5) in the fixed component is connected to the wind tunnel building model (9); the fixed component comprises a steel partition plate (3), a wind pressure collector (5) and a round board (7), and the steel partition plate (3) and the round board (7) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top above the wind tunnel turntable (2) at the bottom of the building wind tunnel (1), and the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the wind tunnel turntable (2) are respectively fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the steel partition plate (3) and the outer periphery of the round board (7), and the wind tunnel building model (9) is fixed to a circular through groove opened in the middle of the round board (7), and the wind pressure collector (5) is placed on the steel partition plate (3) to monitor the real-time wind pressure of the wind tunnel building model (9).

2. The wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind tunnel building model (9) comprises a base plate (10), a bottom inner tube (11), a pressure measuring unit, a top inner tube (15) and a top plate (16); the bottom inner tube (11) is fixedly mounted on the base plate (10); the top inner tube (15) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the top plate (16); the top inner tube (15), the pressure measuring unit and the bottom inner tube (11) are coaxial, and the top inner tube (15) and the bottom inner tube (11) are connected via the pressure measuring unit; the base plate (10) is mounted on the upper surface of a round wooden board (7); the base plate (10) is mainly composed of two symmetrically arranged spliced ​​base plates, and the bottom inner tube (11) is mainly composed of two symmetrically arranged spliced ​​inner tubes, and the two spliced ​​inner tubes are respectively fixedly connected to the two spliced ​​base plates.

3. The wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure measuring unit is mainly composed of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders (14). The plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) are arranged in an interval from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. A connecting inner cylinder (14) is provided between each two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders (12), and the connecting inner cylinder (14) and the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit. The two ends of the connecting inner cylinder (14) are respectively sleeved on the inner side walls of the two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders (12), and the top inner cylinder (15) and the bottom inner cylinder (11) are respectively sleeved on the inner walls of the two pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) at the end portions of the pressure measuring unit. The surface of the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) is provided with a plurality of wind pressure measuring points (13), which are evenly spaced and arranged in the middle of the side wall of the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) along the circumference of the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12), and the wind pressure measuring points (13) are used to measure the wind load of the wind tunnel building model (9).

4. The wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer diameters of the bottom inner cylinder (11), the top inner cylinder (15) and the connecting inner cylinder (14) are consistent, and the inner diameter of the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting inner cylinder (14).

5. The wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the connecting inner cylinder (14) is provided with a circle of protrusions, and the ends of the two pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) connected to the connecting inner cylinder (14) are in contact with the protrusions. After the wind tunnel building model (9) is installed, the distance between two adjacent connecting inner cylinders (14) is greater than 3 cm.

6. The wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind pressure collector (5) is connected to a wind pressure measuring point (13) on the wind tunnel building model (9) via a pressure measuring pipeline (6).

7. The wind tunnel testing device for building models with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind direction angle of the wind tunnel building model (9) during the wind tunnel test is 0° to 90°.

8. A wind tunnel testing method for a building model with adjustable aspect ratio applied to the device described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, first, fix a steel partition (3) and a round wooden board (7) with a round through groove in the center above the wind tunnel turntable (2) at the bottom of the building wind tunnel (1), and place a wind pressure collector (5) on the steel partition (3); Step S2, assembling the wind tunnel building model (9), connecting the wind tunnel building model (9) to the wind pressure collector (5), rotating the wind tunnel turntable (2) to change the wind direction angle, and using the wind pressure collector (5) to collect the wind load of the current wind tunnel building model (9) under different wind directions; Step S3, adjusting the aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model (9), using the wind pressure collector (5) to collect the wind loads of the wind tunnel building models (9) with different aspect ratios at different wind directions, so as to simulate the wind loads borne by building structures with different aspect ratios under wind force under actual working conditions, thereby obtaining the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure, and then performing structural wind resistance design for the building structure under actual working conditions.

9. The wind tunnel testing method for a building model with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step S2 is specifically as follows: Step S2.1, first, install the two spliced ​​inner cylinders in the wind tunnel building model (9) on the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the mobile wind tunnel building model (9), move the two spliced ​​bottom plates so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are spliced ​​into a bottom plate (10), and at the same time, the two spliced ​​inner cylinders are spliced ​​into a bottom inner cylinder (11), then bolt the bottom plate (10) to the round board (7) so that the center of the bottom inner cylinder (11) and the center of the round board (7) are located on the same vertical line, install a pressure measuring unit consisting of a plurality of pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) and a plurality of connecting inner cylinders (14) on the bottom inner cylinder (11), and then sleeve the top inner cylinder (15) tightly glued to the top plate (16) on the pressure measuring unit; A plurality of the pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) are arranged in an interval manner from bottom to top along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit, and a connecting inner cylinder (14) is provided between each two adjacent pressure measuring outer cylinders (12), so that the connecting inner cylinder (14) and the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the pressure measuring unit; Step S2.2, connecting the wind pressure collector (5) to the wind pressure measuring point (13) on the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) through the pressure measuring pipeline (6); Step S2.3, then rotate the wind tunnel turntable (2) to change the wind direction angle, and use the wind pressure collector (5) to collect the wind load of the current wind tunnel building model (9) under different wind directions.

10. The wind tunnel testing method for a building model with adjustable aspect ratio according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step S3 is specifically as follows: Step S3.1, adjusting the aspect ratio of the wind tunnel building model (9): first, separating the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) and the connecting inner cylinder (14) located at the bottom of the wind tunnel building model (9) from the wind tunnel building model (9), disassembling the bottom plate (10) from the round wooden board (7), and then moving the two spliced ​​bottom plates so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are separated and the interval between the two spliced ​​bottom plates is greater than the outer diameter of the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12), and placing the pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) and the connecting inner cylinder (14) separated from the wind tunnel building model (9) on the wind pressure collector (5) along the extension direction of the pressure measuring pipeline (6) through the circular through groove of the round wooden board (7); The number of the detached pressure measuring outer cylinders (12) and the connected inner cylinders (14) is the same; Step S3.2, then move the two spliced ​​bottom plates in the wind tunnel building model (9) so that the two spliced ​​bottom plates are spliced ​​into a bottom plate (10), and the two spliced ​​inner cylinders are spliced ​​into a bottom inner cylinder (11), and the bottom plate (10) is connected to the round board (7), and the bottommost pressure measuring outer cylinder (12) is sleeved on the bottom inner cylinder (11); Step S3.3, then rotating the wind tunnel turntable (2), using the wind pressure collector (5) to collect the wind load of the wind tunnel building model (9) with the current aspect ratio at different wind direction angles; Step S3.4, repeating steps S3.1 to S3.3 multiple times to obtain wind loads of wind tunnel building models (9) with different aspect ratios at different wind directions, to simulate the wind loads borne by building structures with different aspect ratios under wind force under actual working conditions, thereby obtaining the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure, and using the influence of the aspect ratio on the wind load borne by the building structure to perform structural wind resistance design of the building structure under actual working conditions.

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