Accounting method for forest fire loss and forest management and recovery carbon emission

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutralization, relates to a forest fire loss and forest restoration carbon emission accounting method, and constructs a forest fire ecological loss and forest restoration carbon emission accounting framework based on full life cycle evaluation. The framework is divided into two stages of forest operation and fire damage, input and output of each stage are tracked in details, and a life cycle list is formed; an accounting model is developed in combination with an activity emission factor and a biomass conversion coefficient, and the reliability of the model is ensured through sensitivity analysis; the framework fills the theoretical blank of forest fire full-life-cycle carbon footprint accounting, and the accounting transparency and accuracy are improved; the system assists in environment decision making, provides a tool for monitoring fire influence and evaluating recovery benefits for forestry managers, promotes low-carbon management strategy and technical innovation, optimizes a supply chain, and reduces overall carbon emission. The system has a remarkable promotion effect on green economy and sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutrality, and specifically relates to a method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration. Background Art

[0002] Forest fire is a common natural disaster that not only causes serious damage to forest ecosystems, but also leads to large amounts of carbon emissions, which have a negative impact on climate change. Therefore, accurately calculating carbon emissions during forest fires is of great significance for assessing the impact of forest fires on climate change and on regional and even global carbon cycles and carbon balances. Carbon emissions from forest fires. During the burning process of forest fires, trees, shrubs, herbaceous vegetation, and organic matter in the soil are consumed in large quantities, releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane. The emission of these gases significantly increases the carbon content in the atmosphere, which has a profound impact on the global climate system. Therefore, accurately calculating carbon emissions from forest fires is of great significance for formulating effective carbon reduction policies and evaluating the carbon sink function of forests.

[0003] Carbon emission accounting aims to conduct a detailed assessment and quantitative analysis of carbon emissions for a specific object within a specific time period. The first step in this process is to identify and define the sources of carbon emissions involved in the activities, and to thoroughly sort out all the links in the production process that may cause carbon emissions. Subsequently, a wide range of data sources related to carbon emissions in each link are collected, covering but not limited to energy consumption records, indirect emissions generated by human activities, and emissions caused by material flow in the production process. Based on the collected data, appropriate accounting models and methods are selected to scientifically calculate the total amount of carbon emissions.

[0004] This patent specifically refers to the carbon emission accounting method in the process of forest fire loss assessment and forest restoration; it not only covers the carbon emissions generated by direct combustion of forest fires, but also deeply calculates the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly caused by human labor, machinery and equipment use, material consumption and energy consumption in forest fire prevention activities, post-fire site restoration and afforestation processes, and low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation projects; in addition, the method also provides a detailed component allocation strategy to comprehensively evaluate the specific impact of these forestry activities on global greenhouse gas emissions while pursuing economic benefits;

[0005] Existing methods for estimating forest fire carbon emissions mainly include estimation based on remote sensing technology, estimation based on ground-based measured data combined with biomass models, and statistical estimation based on historical fire data and combustion efficiency. Remote sensing technology estimates fire scale and burning intensity by monitoring changes in thermal radiation in the fire area, and then infers carbon emissions. It has the advantages of being fast and covering a wide range, but its accuracy may be limited by the resolution of remote sensing data and the complexity of fires. The method of combining ground-based measured data with biomass models is more accurate. It relies on sample data collected in the field and estimates by constructing a mathematical relationship between biomass and carbon emissions. However, this method is costly, time-consuming, and difficult to perform in real time when a fire occurs.

[0006] The forest fire loss assessment and afforestation restoration process involves forest fire burning and afforestation. To calculate the carbon emission accounting of forest fire loss assessment and afforestation restoration, it is necessary to determine the flow chart, system boundary, and process unit of forest fire loss assessment and afforestation restoration; for the material input in the process, select the appropriate functional unit and calculate the carbon emission of each functional unit. The existing patent CN118114477A discloses a forest wildfire carbon emission measurement method, system, equipment and medium, and performs carbon footprint accounting with forest wildfire as the accounting object. By reconstructing satellite data and constructing the CO2 dry air mixing ratio XCO2 in the forest fire area, the carbon footprint of the forest fire area is calculated. The background concentration value map measures the CO2 emissions of wildfires based on the area of ​​the fire area, the XCO2 concentration rise IXCO2, the dry air density contour line and the height of the fire plume, and obtains the measurement results of CO2 emissions of wildfires; however, it does not calculate the carbon emissions in the forest fire afforestation and restoration link; the existing patent CN116644887A discloses a method for assessing the biological carbon sink of an ecosystem considering the disturbance of forest fires, taking into account the decomposition rate of soil humus and the impact of forest fires in the monitoring year; but lacks the calculation of carbon emissions in the forest fire prevention link; and both patents are not classified and no calculations are performed at each stage;

[0007] In the process of forest fire losses and afforestation and restoration, from the initial occurrence and spread of the fire to post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, each link affects the carbon cycle and leaves a carbon footprint; during the fire, the burning of a large number of trees directly leads to a sharp decrease in carbon reserves. The carbon originally stored in the wood is rapidly released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide, exacerbating the trend of global warming; fires also indirectly increase carbon emissions by destroying soil structure and vegetation cover, affecting the soil's carbon fixation capacity; in the afforestation and restoration stage, in order to rebuild the damaged ecosystem, a large amount of resources and energy are often required; this includes replanting seedlings, soil improvement, pest control and irrigation, all of which rely on the consumption of fossil fuels, thereby generating new carbon emissions; at the same time, the production and transportation of chemical substances such as fertilizers and pesticides used in the restoration process are also important sources of carbon emissions; if waste after forest fires (such as burnt trees, branches and leaves, etc.) is not handled properly, they can It may continue to release greenhouse gases during the decomposition process; it is crucial for forestry management departments and related companies to calculate carbon emissions during forest fire losses and forest restoration processes; it can not only provide accurate carbon emission data to help companies and society fully understand the carbon cost of fires, but also reveal the potential and direction of emission reduction; through the accounting results, companies can optimize restoration strategies, choose more environmentally friendly planting techniques and materials, and reduce the carbon footprint during the restoration process; at the same time, these data are also an important basis for formulating long-term forest management plans, evaluating restoration results, and participating in carbon compensation and carbon trading markets; with the increasing global attention to climate change issues, the carbon emission performance of companies has become one of the important indicators for measuring their social responsibility and sustainable development capabilities; by actively participating in carbon emission accounting and emission reduction actions, forestry companies can not only enhance their own image and brand value, but also occupy a favorable position in the fiercely competitive market and achieve a win-win situation of economic and ecological benefits;

[0008] Currently, there is no patent for the carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment of forest fire losses and afforestation restoration. Therefore, developing a carbon emission accounting method suitable for this process to assess the carbon footprint of forest fire losses and afforestation restoration is of great significance to the full product life cycle evaluation of forest fires and the carbon trading market. At the same time, scientific and reasonable forest fire prevention and treatment measures should be implemented to correctly lead the low-carbon development of the entire industrial chain of forest fire processes. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from forest restoration includes the following steps:

[0011] (a) Clarify the scope and purpose of carbon emissions accounting in forest fire losses and forest restoration, divide the system boundaries, and define the direct losses of fire in functional units and the life cycle of forest restoration;

[0012] (b) Collect detailed information on production activities at each stage during the life cycle of forest fire loss assessment and forest restoration; accurately formulate carbon emission inventories at each stage, including direct emissions from fires, emissions from post-disaster restoration activities, and changes in carbon sinks during forest growth; clarify resource inputs and environmental impact outputs at each stage to achieve carbon emission inventory analysis for the entire process;

[0013] (c) clarify the specific method for calculating carbon emissions within each independent phase of forest fire damage and forest restoration, and determine the emission allocation process to ensure that data are not duplicated and coverage is complete;

[0014] (d) Use accurate emission factors and biomass data to build a comprehensive carbon emission accounting model system; cover all stages of the entire process from forest fire losses to forest restoration, and cumulatively calculate the total carbon emissions of the entire process by applying specific accounting models for each stage;

[0015] (e) Conduct sensitivity analysis to quantify the impact of changes in emission factors and data quality uncertainties on total carbon emissions and their proportion in each stage, so as to ensure the robustness and reliability of the assessment results.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) Provide a carbon footprint assessment system for forest fire losses and afforestation restoration carbon emissions accounting methods, filling the gap in domestic carbon emissions accounting for forest fire losses and afforestation restoration carbon emissions;

[0018] (2) The present invention can calculate the carbon emissions from forest fires and afforestation by collecting relevant data and using relevant means, providing a scientific basis for assessing the impact of forest fires on climate change;

[0019] (3) The method of the present invention has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy and strong operability;

[0020] (4) It can be widely used in the fields of forest fire losses and carbon emission accounting of forest restoration, providing important reference for relevant decision-making;

[0021] (5) It helps to formulate and implement effective forestry management and climate change mitigation policies. It also provides important data support for the carbon market, promotes the development of carbon trading and carbon pricing mechanisms, and encourages emission reduction and carbon sequestration projects;

[0022] (6) Promote interdisciplinary cooperation and technological innovation; promote cross-disciplinary integration and in-depth cooperation among multiple disciplines such as ecology, environmental science, remote sensing technology, and computer science;

[0023] (7) Broaden the starting point of life cycle assessment in existing carbon footprint accounting patents, cover the key links of fire combustion and afforestation stages, more extensively consider carbon emissions within the life cycle, and provide more detailed and comprehensive carbon footprint information;

[0024] (8) It can identify the key points of greenhouse gas emissions in the life cycle and reduce carbon emissions throughout the life cycle as much as possible;

[0025] (9) Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a system boundary diagram of the fire scar pattern caused by a severe fire in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is the system boundary map of the low-quality and low-efficiency forestland pattern caused by mild fire in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a system boundary map of the fire-free forestland model of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the forest fire prevention sub-stage flow chart of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the sub-stage process of transforming low-quality and low-efficiency forests after fire according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1-Figure 8 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] The present invention constructs a forest fire ecological loss and afforestation restoration carbon emission accounting framework based on life cycle assessment (LCA); the framework is divided into two stages: afforestation operations and fire damage, and tracks the input and output of each stage in detail to form a life cycle inventory (LCI); combining activity emission factors and biomass conversion coefficients, an accounting model is developed, and the reliability of the model is ensured through sensitivity analysis; this framework fills the theoretical gap in the carbon footprint accounting of forest fires throughout their life cycle, and improves the transparency and accuracy of accounting; it assists environmental decision-making, provides forestry managers with tools to monitor fire impacts and evaluate restoration benefits, promotes low-carbon management strategies and technological innovations, optimizes the supply chain, and reduces overall carbon emissions; this system has a significant driving effect on green economy and sustainable development;

[0036] The Forest Fire Loss and Reforestation Carbon Footprint Assessment System is a method for calculating the carbon emissions from forest fire losses and reforestation. It includes the following steps:

[0037] (a) Clarify the scope and purpose of carbon emissions accounting during forest fire losses and forest restoration; carefully define the system boundaries of the assessment object; clearly cover the entire forest process and define the direct losses of fire in functional units and the life cycle of forest restoration to ensure the comparability and relevance of the assessment; and formulate trade-off criteria to focus on the factors with the greatest impact on the environment;

[0038] (b) Collect detailed information on production activities at each stage during the life cycle of forest fire loss assessment and forest restoration; accurately formulate carbon emission inventories at each stage, including direct emissions from fires, emissions from post-disaster restoration activities, and changes in carbon sinks during forest growth; clearly define resource inputs and environmental impact outputs at each stage to achieve a comprehensive carbon emission inventory analysis of the entire process;

[0039] (c) Specify the specific methods for calculating carbon emissions in each independent stage of forest fire damage and forest restoration, establish a reasonable emission allocation procedure to ensure non-duplication and complete coverage of data; specify the data types, accuracy and collection methods required for each stage to meet the analysis needs; select or derive appropriate emission factors and biomass data based on regional characteristics, tree species differences and restoration measures to accurately quantify carbon emissions at each stage;

[0040] (d) Use accurate emission factors and biomass data to build a comprehensive carbon emission accounting model system; cover all stages of the entire process from forest fire losses to forest restoration, and cumulatively calculate the total carbon emissions of the entire process by applying specific accounting models for each stage;

[0041] (e) Conduct sensitivity analysis to quantify the impact of changes in emission factors and data quality uncertainties on total carbon emissions and their proportions in each stage, to ensure the robustness and reliability of the assessment results;

[0042] Specifically, the forest fire losses and forest restoration process are divided into three modes for carbon emission accounting, namely, forest land without fire, low-quality and low-efficiency forest land caused by minor fires, and fire scars caused by severe fires.

[0043] Fire-free forest land model: forest areas that have not been damaged by fire in the recent period (usually refers to the statistical or research period); these forests maintain their natural growth state, their ecosystems and biodiversity are relatively intact, and have not been directly impacted and damaged by fire; carbon emission accounting in this model does not include fire burning and post-fire restoration and afforestation, but only includes forest prevention processes;

[0044] Mode of low-quality and low-efficiency forest land caused by minor fires: After a forest suffers a minor fire, the fire does not cause devastating damage to the entire forest, but has a significant impact on the structure and function of some forest land, causing these forest lands to be transformed into low-quality and low-efficiency states; carbon emission accounting under this mode does not include the forest prevention process, but includes emissions caused by fire burning and emissions caused by the transformation of low-quality and low-efficiency forests;

[0045] Severe fire-caused burnt land model: large areas of forests have been burned due to severe fires and new forests have not been restored afterwards; carbon emission accounting in this model does not include the forest prevention process, but includes emissions caused by fire burning and emissions caused by afforestation of burnt land;

[0046] In step (a), the scope of carbon emission accounting during forest fire losses and afforestation restoration includes: fire investigation and damage assessment and afforestation activities in the life cycle of forests from trees to fire sites and from improved species to mature forests, which are divided into four sub-stages: forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage, fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage, post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage and forest fire prevention sub-stage:

[0047] The forest fire occurrence investigation and damage assessment sub-stage refers to the life cycle stage from the occurrence of the fire source to the spread of the fire and finally the formation of the fire site investigation and damage assessment, which includes the preliminary preparation, on-site investigation, data analysis and evaluation report process:

[0048] (i) Preliminary preparation: Collecting background information such as geography, climate, and vegetation, using satellite remote sensing and meteorological data, and preparing survey tools such as drones and GPS and standardized documents to efficiently obtain key on-site information in an indirect manner;

[0049] (ii) On-site investigation process: Use drones and GPS to accurately define the scope of the fire, including the burned area and the length of the fire line; take photos and videos of the scene to record the traces of the fire, tree damage and soil erosion as a basis for analysis; collect samples of damaged trees and analyze the specific impact of the fire in the laboratory;

[0050] (iii) Data analysis process: Based on the survey and sample analysis, estimate the direct economic losses of the fire, including the loss of trees and soil management costs; comprehensively analyze the site and data to explore the causes of the fire, including human and natural factors;

[0051] (iv) Assessment and reporting process: assess the impact of fire on wildlife, biodiversity and ecosystem services; integrate survey, analysis, loss calculation and ecological assessment to form a written report; the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage refers to the life cycle stage from the fire site to the restoration of forest, and the post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage refers to the life cycle stage from low-quality and low-efficiency forest to healthy and mature forest; it includes forest land clearing, land preparation, planting, replanting, young forest tending, pruning, thinning, irrigation, soil loosening and weeding, pest control and fertilization, etc., eleven processes:

[0052] (i) Forest land clearing refers to the process of preparing forest land for afforestation, a series of clearing operations on forest land, including the removal of weeds, shrubs, and logging residues, in order to improve the sanitary conditions of the forest land and promote the growth of trees;

[0053] (ii) Land preparation refers to a series of soil cultivation measures before planting, which aims to create a suitable soil structure and surface state through ploughing, harrowing, compacting, etc., so as to improve soil fertility and provide good conditions for sowing and crop growth;

[0054] (iii) The planting process refers to a series of operations to remove plants from their original location, treat them, and then plant them in a new environment, including transplanting, transporting, applying basal fertilizer, and planting, with the aim of ensuring that the plants survive healthily and establish a forest;

[0055] (iv) Replanting refers to the process of selecting high-quality seedlings, digging holes, planting, watering and subsequent maintenance in areas where afforestation survival or natural regeneration is insufficient, in order to replenish vegetation and restore ecological balance;

[0056] (v) Young forest tending refers to a series of management measures taken after afforestation to promote the growth of young trees and improve the survival rate and preservation rate, including weeding, soil loosening, irrigation, pest control and fertilization, so as to optimize the growth environment of young forests and ensure their healthy growth;

[0057] (vi) Pruning refers to the technical measures of cutting or arranging tree branches to improve the growth environment, adjust the shape, remove bad branches, and increase the yield or quality;

[0058] (vii) Thinning refers to the technical measure of regularly cutting down some trees in immature forests to improve the forest structure, promote the growth of remaining trees, and obtain timber;

[0059] (viii) Fertilization refers to an agricultural technical measure that provides nutrients to the soil or plants to improve soil fertility and promote crop growth, and determines the type, amount, time and method of fertilizer application based on the characteristics of soil, crops, climate and fertilizers;

[0060] (ix) Irrigation refers to the technical measures to supply water to vegetation areas to meet the growth needs of plants, rationally adjust soil conditions, promote crop growth and save water resources through different methods such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation;

[0061] (x) Pest control refers to the process of taking scientific measures to reduce or eliminate crop diseases and insect pests to protect agricultural production, agricultural product quality and the ecological environment, including various control methods such as agricultural, physical, chemical and biological;

[0062] (xi) Soil scarification and weed control refers to the process of turning over the soil to improve its physical properties while removing weeds that compete with target plants to promote healthy plant growth and reduce competition for nutrients and water.

[0063] The forest fire prevention sub-stage refers to the life cycle stage of fire prevention transformation work from the time when forest fire has not occurred, including processes such as clearing combustibles, controlling fire sources, and building fire-prevention forest belts; among which: (i) the combustible material clearing process refers to the removal or treatment of flammable materials that may cause fires, including natural and man-made combustibles, in order to reduce fire risks and hazards, usually involving steps such as identification, assessment, formulation of clearing plans, implementation of clearing, and subsequent tending;

[0064] (ii) Controlling fire sources means taking measures to limit or eliminate ignition sources that may cause fire, including isolation, monitoring, restriction of use or prohibition, in order to reduce the risk of fire;

[0065] (iii) Fire-prevention forest belt construction refers to the planting of fire-resistant plants in or around forest land to form forest belts with fire-prevention functions, so as to prevent or slow down the occurrence and spread of forest fires, while promoting ecological restoration and economic income growth;

[0066] According to the three modes of forest fire loss and afforestation recovery process, the modes of forest land without fire, low-quality and low-efficiency forest land caused by minor fire, and burnt land caused by severe fire are defined; and the four sub-stages are described: forest fire occurrence investigation and loss assessment sub-stage, fire land restoration and afforestation sub-stage, post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage, and forest fire prevention sub-stage; it can be summarized as follows: the forest land without fire mode includes the forest fire prevention sub-stage; the low-quality and low-efficiency forest land caused by minor fire mode includes the forest fire occurrence investigation and loss assessment sub-stage and post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage; the burnt land caused by severe fire mode includes the forest fire occurrence investigation and loss assessment sub-stage and fire land restoration and afforestation sub-stage;

[0067] The system boundaries and functional units of the forest fire loss and forest restoration process determine the inputs and emissions of each activity, specifically:

[0068] (a) The system boundary of the forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage includes the entire life cycle from the initial appearance of the fire source to the full spread of the fire, and finally the formation of the fire site and detailed investigation and damage assessment; this process includes key links such as preliminary preparation, on-site investigation, data collection and analysis, and preparation of assessment reports, as well as the consumption of materials and energy, the use of mechanical equipment, the use of chemical fire extinguishing agents or protective agents in each stage, and the potential impact of these activities on the surrounding environment; (b) The system boundary of the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage comprehensively includes the entire process from the fire site to the restoration of the forest; this stage includes forest clearing, land preparation, planting, replanting, young forest cultivation, pruning and thinning , irrigation, soil loosening and weeding, pest control and fertilization; it also includes the material and energy input, efficient use of machinery and equipment, and the appropriate use of chemicals or protective agents in each stage, and pays close attention to the potential impact of these activities on the surrounding environment; (c) The system boundary of the low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage includes the whole process from the fire site to the restoration of forest; this stage includes forest land clearing, land preparation, planting, replanting, young forest tending, pruning and thinning, irrigation, soil loosening and weeding, pest control and fertilization; it includes the material and energy input, efficient use of machinery and equipment, the use of chemicals in each stage, and the potential impact of the activities on the surrounding environment;

[0069] (d) The system boundary of the forest fire prevention sub-stage includes the life cycle stage of fire prevention transformation work from the time when forest fire has not occurred, including the process of clearing combustibles, controlling fire sources, and building fire-prevention forest belts, including the necessary material and energy input, the use of mechanical equipment, and the use of chemicals at each stage, and evaluating the potential impact of all activities on the surrounding environment;

[0070] (e) The functional units of forest fire losses and afforestation restoration process are divided into two categories, namely, the fire investigation stage and the afforestation stage. The fire investigation stage includes the forest fire occurrence investigation and loss assessment sub-stage; the afforestation stage includes the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage, the low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage and the forest fire prevention sub-stage. Among them, the functional unit of the fire burning stage is one hectare of fire site, and the functional unit of the afforestation stage is one hectare of forest land / fire site; they serve as the benchmark units for evaluating resource input and environmental emissions in the process of forest fire burning, afforestation and tending management;

[0071] In step (c), the emission allocation process is specifically a mass allocation-based methodology, which aims to account for the materials, energy, transportation costs and outputs involved in forest fire losses and forest restoration processes, specifically:

[0072] (a) The material distribution mentioned above refers to the distribution of materials needed for forest fire losses and afforestation restoration;

[0073] (i) The materials used in the forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage include wood required for combustion, etc.;

[0074] (ii) The materials invested in the fire-scarred restoration and afforestation sub-stage include the seedlings required for planting, labor, fertilizers required for fertilization, water required for irrigation, chemicals required for pest control, machinery and equipment, etc.; (iii) The materials invested in the post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage are the same as those in the fire-scarred restoration and afforestation sub-stage;

[0075] (iv) Materials invested in the forest fire prevention sub-phase include materials invested in the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-phase and other fire prevention facilities except firebreaks;

[0076] (b) The energy allocation mentioned above refers to the allocation of energy required for forest fire losses and forest restoration;

[0077] (i) The energy input in the forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage includes electricity and fuel required for labor and equipment;

[0078] (ii) Energy inputs in the fire-scarred restoration and afforestation sub-stage include fuel consumed in transporting seedlings, electricity and fuel consumed by land preparation and planting machinery, fuel consumption by spraying machinery, electricity and fuel consumed during harvesting and transportation, and labor input;

[0079] (iii) The energy input in the post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage is the same as that in the post-fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage;

[0080] (iv) The energy input in the forest fire prevention sub-stage is the same as that in the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage:

[0081] Determining the carbon emission inventory in step (b) includes: collecting output and input information during the fire occurrence and afforestation management stages, specifically:

[0082] (a) Data on raw material collection: including the number and type of seedlings to be planted and land preparation methods, obtained through on-site measurement and statistics;

[0083] (b) The production process data: covers fuel consumption and transportation distance during material transportation, and energy and water usage during processing, obtained by recording the operating time and efficiency of production equipment;

[0084] (c) Emission data: including the quantity and composition of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste, in particular greenhouse gas emissions, obtained through regular sampling and analysis;

[0085] (d) The forest fire burning phase includes the forest fire occurrence investigation and damage assessment sub-phase data collection:

[0086] (i) Forest type in the fire-burned area, obtained by consulting the National Forestry and Grassland Administration;

[0087] (ii) query and analyze forest area, vegetation cover, and geographic and ecological information in the fire-burned area through remote sensing and GIS;

[0088] (iii) Determine the burnable quality of the fire area through data calculation and by consulting the forest floor fuel database, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, and research reports;

[0089] (e) The afforestation phase includes the process of restoring fire-scarred areas, the process of transforming low-quality and low-efficiency forests, and the process of preventing forest fires. Data collection includes:

[0090] (i) Detailed information on land preparation and inputs of machinery and seedlings was obtained from the person in charge of afforestation;

[0091] (ii) Obtain detailed information on seedling transportation and interviews with transportation drivers;

[0092] (iii) Detailed information on energy consumption was obtained from the transport driver and the person in charge of machine operation;

[0093] (iv) The labor cost of planting was obtained from the managers of the afforestation projects and the attendance log book;

[0094] (v) Detailed information on inputs of materials, fertilizers and chemicals during the nursery phase was obtained from nursery managers;

[0095] (vi) Detailed information on transport energy consumption is obtained from transport drivers;

[0096] (vii) The labor cost of the rearing process is obtained from the attendance record book;

[0097] (viii) Detailed information on energy consumption is obtained from the transport driver and the person in charge of machine operation;

[0098] (f) Data collection on forest fire prevention facilities during the forest fire prevention process includes:

[0099] (viii) Obtain first-hand data on fire prevention facilities by organizing professionals.

[0100] The emission factor refers to the emission coefficient of collected input data to calculate its carbon footprint, which is characterized in that the collected databases include Ecoinvent database, ELCD database, CLCD database, CPCD database, and GaBi database to collect emission factors in raw materials, energy, transportation, etc.

[0101] In step (d), the total carbon emissions of the entire process are calculated: for each sub-stage, process and link, the carbon footprint of different inputs is calculated separately, including on-site energy use, fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals, materials, labor, transportation and waste disposal, including:

[0102] (a) The fire burning stage includes the forest fire occurrence investigation and damage assessment sub-stage (i) Fire forest burning mainly refers to the burning of wood and litter, and there is a formula:

[0103]

[0104] in: CO2 emissions from forest fires;

[0105] A is the combustible mass of wood, and X is the emission factor of branches and other wood of the tree species;

[0106] B is the combustible mass of litter, and Y is the emission factor of litter such as branches and leaves of the tree species;

[0107] (ii) For manual use, there is the formula:

[0108] E 人工 =P×D×EF 人工

[0109] Where: P is the number of workers; D is the total working days; EF 人工 Calculated by the energy method, the unit is kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / (person·day) (kgCO2 / (person·day)); E refers to the total carbon emissions (unit: tons, t);

[0110] (b) The afforestation stage includes the sub-stage of afforestation in the burned areas, the sub-stage of reconstruction of low-quality and low-efficiency forests after fires, and the sub-stage of forest fire prevention;

[0111] (i) Energy use, mainly refers to the energy consumption of afforestation machinery; the formula is:

[0112] E 能源 =E Elec +E Fuel

[0113] The power consumption at each stage has the formula:

[0114] E Elec =G Elec ×EF Elec

[0115] Where: E Elec CO2 emissions corresponding to the power used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0116] G Elec is the power used by the functional unit (KWh);

[0117] EF Elec is the emission coefficient of electricity production (kgCO2 / KWh); E Fuel is the CO2 emission corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit;

[0118] Fuel consumption includes diesel and gasoline consumed by all mechanical equipment, and the formula is:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, E Fuel CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0121] U ma It indicates the fuel consumption per unit time of machine m, in L / h;

[0122] E fm is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m;

[0123] T m is the working time of machine m, in hours (h);

[0124] E Fa is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a, expressed in kgCO2e / KJ;

[0125] (ii) For the use of fertilizers, including those applied during afforestation, there is a formula:

[0126]

[0127] in:

[0128] E 肥料 The CO2 emissions corresponding to the fertilizer used in this functional unit, in kgCO2 / FU;

[0129] A x is the application area of ​​fertilizer x, in ha (km 2 );

[0130] M x is the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area, x, in kg / ha / time;

[0131] F x is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x, in times;

[0132] EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fertilizer x, expressed as (kgCO2e / kg);

[0133] (iii) For the use of chemicals, including pesticide spraying, herbicide use, insecticide use and production use, there is a formula:

[0134]

[0135] in:

[0136] E 化学品 CO2 emissions corresponding to the chemicals used in this functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0137] AD x is the activity data of chemical x, in kg;

[0138] EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by chemical x, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0139] (iv) For material use, including materials used for afforestation, there is a formula:

[0140]

[0141] in:

[0142] E 物料 The CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used in this functional unit, in kgCO2 / FU;

[0143] AD x is the usage activity data of material x, in kg;

[0144] EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by material x, in kgCO2e / kg

[0145] (v) For manual use, there is the formula:

[0146] E 人工 =P×D×EF 人工

[0147] in:

[0148] P is the number of workers;

[0149] D is the total working days;

[0150] EF is calculated by the energy method, with the unit of kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent / (person·day) (kgCO2 / (person·day));

[0151] (vi) For transportation use, including the transportation of raw materials and seedlings, the calculation of the fuel portion included in the on-site energy use is to transport rosin and logs to the processing plant, and to transport fertilizers and pesticides to the afforestation site, using the formula:

[0152]

[0153] in:

[0154] E 运输 For the carbon footprint of the transportation process;

[0155] Dx is the transport distance in kilometers (Km);

[0156] Ua is the fuel consumption per unit transport distance, in liters per kilometer (L / Km);

[0157] EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a, expressed in kgCO2e / KJ;

[0158] Qa is the average calorific value of fuel a, in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L);

[0159] The forest fire loss and forest restoration process is divided into the afforestation stage (including the fire site restoration and afforestation process, the low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation process and the forest fire prevention process) and the forest fire combustion sub-stage (including the forest fire occurrence investigation and loss assessment sub-stage) for carbon emission accounting;

[0160] (c) Carbon emissions from forest fire combustion sub-stage refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy during the processing of the two products. The formula is:

[0161] E 火灾燃烧=(E+E 人工

[0162] (d) Carbon emissions during the afforestation phase refer to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy during afforestation, tending, felling and transportation. The formula is:

[0163] E 营造林 =(E 能源 +E 肥料 +E 物料 +E 人工 +E 运输 +E 化学品

[0164] (e) In summary, the carbon emission accounting method and carbon footprint assessment of forest fire losses and afforestation restoration refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in the two processes of fire burning and afforestation. The formula is:

[0165] E total =(E 火灾燃烧 +E 营造林 )

[0166] In addition, the carbon footprint assessment in the afforestation stage mainly considers the impact of energy use on carbon emissions, focusing on the consumption of diesel and electricity during the afforestation process; the carbon footprint assessment in the forest fire stage mainly considers the impact of wood burning and labor consumption, focusing on the amount of wood burned during the process.

[0167] Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of forest fire losses and forest restoration, analysis of emission proportions and data quality, including the following steps:

[0168] (i) Evaluate the impact of raw material supply fluctuations on carbon emissions during land preparation, afforestation, tending management, and transportation by simulating the impact of different raw material supplies;

[0169] (ii) assess the impact of energy price changes on production costs and carbon emissions by analyzing fluctuations in diesel, electricity and other energy prices;

[0170] (iii) As for technical efficiency fluctuations, the impact of changes in seedling production efficiency and harvesting efficiency under different technical levels on carbon footprint is evaluated;

[0171] (iv) Determine the factors of change: The factors of change include transformation mode, production process, energy use, material use, region, etc.;

[0172] (v) Design experimental plan: Design life cycle assessment experiments based on transformation mode and production process, covering all combinations of change factors;

[0173] (vi) Determine activity data and carbon emission factors: collect activity data for each transformation model and production process, and determine carbon emission factors based on life cycle assessment standards;

[0174] (vii) Run experiments: record activity data in a laboratory or actual production environment to ensure accuracy and repeatability;

[0175] (viii) Analyze the results: Statistically analyze the experimental data, calculate the life cycle carbon footprint, identify the main emission hotspots, and evaluate the sensitivity of the change factors;

[0176] (ix) Explain the results: explain the impact of changing factors on carbon emissions, determine the optimal emission reduction conditions, and put forward improvement suggestions;

[0177] (x) Conclusion: The best transformation model and technical process were obtained, which significantly reduced carbon emissions through optimization, improved resource utilization efficiency, and provided scientific basis and technical support for four important forest fire processes.

[0178] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from forest restoration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) Clarify the scope and purpose of carbon emissions accounting in forest fire losses and forest restoration, divide the system boundaries, and define the direct losses of fire in functional units and the life cycle of forest restoration; (b) Collect detailed information on production activities at each stage during the life cycle of forest fire loss assessment and forest restoration; accurately formulate carbon emission inventories at each stage, including direct emissions from fires, emissions from post-disaster restoration activities, and changes in carbon sinks during forest growth; clarify resource inputs and environmental impact outputs at each stage to achieve carbon emission inventory analysis for the entire process; (c) clarify the specific method for calculating carbon emissions within each independent phase of forest fire damage and forest restoration, and determine the emission allocation process to ensure that data are not duplicated and coverage is complete; (d) Use accurate emission factors and biomass data to build a comprehensive carbon emission accounting model system; cover all stages of the entire process from forest fire losses to forest restoration, and cumulatively calculate the total carbon emissions of the entire process by applying specific accounting models for each stage; (e) Conduct sensitivity analysis to quantify the impact of changes in emission factors and data quality uncertainties on total carbon emissions and their proportion in each stage, so as to ensure the robustness and reliability of the assessment results.

2. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forest fire losses and afforestation restoration process are divided into three modes for carbon emission accounting, namely: forest land without fire, low-quality and low-efficiency forest land caused by minor fires, and fire scars caused by severe fires.

3. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to claim 2 is characterized by: In step (a), the scope of carbon emission accounting during forest fire losses and afforestation restoration includes: fire investigation and damage assessment and afforestation activities during the life cycle of forests from trees to fire scars and from improved varieties to mature forests, which is divided into four sub-stages: The sub-stages are: investigation and damage assessment after forest fires occur, restoration and afforestation of fire-damaged areas, transformation of low-quality and low-efficiency forests after fires, and prevention of forest fires. The sub-stages of forest fire investigation and damage assessment include: preliminary preparation, on-site investigation, data analysis and assessment report process; The fire-scarred restoration and afforestation sub-stage includes: forest land clearing, land preparation, planting, replanting, young forest tending, pruning, thinning, irrigation, soil loosening and weeding, pest control and fertilization; The forest fire prevention sub-stages include: clearing combustibles, controlling fire sources, and building fire-prevention forest belts; Among them: the model of forest land without fire includes the sub-stage of forest fire prevention; the model of low-quality and low-efficiency forest land caused by minor fire includes the sub-stage of forest fire investigation and damage assessment and the sub-stage of low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation after the fire; the model of burnt land caused by severe fire includes the sub-stage of forest fire investigation and damage assessment and the sub-stage of fire site restoration and afforestation.

4. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to claim 3 is characterized by: The system boundary of the forest fire occurrence investigation and damage assessment sub-stage includes the entire life cycle from the initial appearance of the fire source to the full spread of the fire, and finally the formation of the fire site and detailed investigation and damage assessment; The system boundary of the fire-scarred land restoration and afforestation sub-stage includes the whole process from the fire-scarred land to the restoration of forest. The system boundary of the low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage includes the whole process from the fire scar to the restoration of forest; The system boundary of the forest fire prevention sub-phase includes the life cycle phases from fire prevention retrofit work when forest fires have not occurred; Functional units include two categories: fire burn survey stage and afforestation stage; The fire burning investigation stage includes the forest fire occurrence investigation and damage assessment sub-stage; The afforestation stage includes the fire-scarce restoration and afforestation sub-stage, the low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage, and the forest fire prevention sub-stage.

5. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to claim 4 is characterized by: In step (c), the emission allocation is determined to include forest fire losses and materials, energy, transportation costs and outputs involved in the forest restoration process, where: The materials used in the forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage are the wood required for combustion; The materials invested in the fire-scarce restoration and afforestation sub-stage include the seedlings needed for planting, labor, fertilizers needed for fertilization, water for irrigation, chemicals and machinery and equipment needed for pest control; The materials invested in the post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage are the same as those in the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage; The materials invested in the forest fire prevention sub-stage include the materials invested in the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage and the fire prevention facilities; The energy invested in the forest fire investigation and damage assessment sub-stage is the electricity and fuel required for labor and equipment; The energy input in the fire-scarred restoration and afforestation sub-stage includes the fuel consumed in transporting seedlings, the electricity and fuel consumed by land preparation and planting machinery, the fuel consumption of machinery for spraying pesticides, and the electricity and fuel consumed during the harvesting and transportation process, as well as the labor input; The energy input in the post-fire low-quality and low-efficiency forest transformation sub-stage is the same as that in the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-stage; The energy invested in the forest fire prevention sub-phase is the same as that in the fire site restoration and afforestation sub-phase.

6. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission inventory in step (b) includes: collecting outputs and inputs during the fire occurrence and afforestation management stages.

7. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emission factor is the emission coefficient for collecting input data to calculate its carbon footprint.

8. The method for calculating forest fire losses and carbon emissions from afforestation and restoration according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In step (d), the total carbon emissions of the entire process are calculated: for each sub-stage, the carbon footprint of different inputs is calculated separately, including: forest fire combustion includes the combustion of wood and litter: in: is the CO2 emission from forest fires; A is the combustible mass of wood, X is the emission factor of wood such as branches and trunks of this tree species; B is the combustible mass of litter, and Y is the emission factor of litter such as branches and leaves of this tree species; For manual use: AND 人工 =P×D×EF 人工 Where: P is the number of workers; D is the total working days; EF 人工 Calculated by energy method; E refers to the total carbon emissions; Where A is the volume of the combustible material (unit: cubic meter, m 3 ), E CO2 represents the total amount of carbon dioxide released during the combustion of combustibles (unit: tons, t), while E refers to the total carbon emissions (unit: tons, t); Energy use includes energy consumption of silviculture machinery: AND 能源 =And Elec +E Fuel The power consumption at each stage includes: E Elec =G Elec ×EF Elec Where: E Elec G is the CO2 emission corresponding to the power used by the functional unit; Elec is the power used by the functional unit; EF Elec is the emission factor for electricity production; E Fuel is the CO2 emission corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit; Fuel consumption includes diesel and gasoline consumed by all machinery and equipment: E Fuel U is the CO2 emission corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit; ma Indicates the fuel consumption per unit time of machine m; E fm is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; T m is the working time of machine m; E Fa is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a; For fertilizer: Where: E 肥料 A is the CO2 emission corresponding to the fertilizer used by this functional unit; x M is the application area of ​​fertilizer x; x is the amount of fertilizer applied per unit area x; F x is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x; EF x is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fertilizer x; For chemicals: Where: E 化学品 The amount of CO2 emissions corresponding to the chemicals used by this functional unit; AD x is the activity data of chemical x; EF x Greenhouse gas emission factor for chemical x; for material use: Where: E 物料 AD is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the materials used by the functional unit; x EF is the usage activity data of material x; x is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by material x; For transport use: Where: E 运输 is the carbon footprint during transportation; Dx is the transportation distance; Ua is the fuel consumption per unit transportation distance; EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by fuel a; Qa is the average calorific value of fuel a; Carbon emissions during the forest fire combustion sub-stage: AND 火灾燃烧 =(E+E 人工 Carbon emissions during the afforestation phase: AND 营造林 =(And 能源 +E 肥料 +E 物料 +E 人工 +E 运输 +E 化学品 Total greenhouse gas emissions: AND total =(And 火灾燃烧 +E 营造林 )。 9. The method for calculating forest fire losses and afforestation restoration carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sensitivity analysis includes: evaluating the impact of fluctuations in raw material supply, evaluating the impact of changes in energy prices, evaluating the impact of fluctuations in technical efficiency, determining change factors, designing experimental plans, determining activity data and carbon emission factors, running experiments, analyzing results, interpreting results, and drawing conclusions.

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