Structure and method for achieving gear shifting by driving idle gear on shaft to slide through shaft core sliding

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure and method for achieving gear shifting by driving an idle gear on a shaft to slide through shaft core sliding. A traditional shifting fork gear shifting structure is replaced, so that the position of a shifting fork does not need to be reserved in the speed change gear box, and the speed change gear box is more compact in structure, high in transmission efficiency and reliable in operation. An external oil cylinder is not needed, so that a vacancy can be vacated, and the weight is reduced; in addition, the vacancy can be used for adding special parts or special design and the like, so that the practicability of the speed change gear box is improved, and wider application requirements can be met; due to the fact that no shifting fork exists, the problem that the shifting fork is abraded in the long-time friction process of the shifting fork and the gear ring groove is solved, and the reliability of the speed change gear box in the operation process is improved. Vibration and friction caused by slippage of splines of a traditional speed change gear are overcome, and noise and vibration are effectively reduced; and a locking device is further arranged, and the locking device can limit and lock axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft, so that the stability during gear transmission can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of speed change gearboxes, and in particular to a structure and method for realizing gear shifting by sliding of an idle gear on a shaft through sliding of a shaft core. Background Art

[0002] A speed change gearbox is a mechanical device that mainly achieves different functions through the meshing of gears. Its main functions include acceleration and deceleration, changing the transmission direction, changing the torque, clutch function, and power distribution.

[0003] However, the shifting structure of the traditional speed gearbox is shifted by the shift fork, which moves the shift gear up and down to engage different gears, thereby switching different gears and finally achieving the speed change of the gearbox. Then, the existing shift fork shifting structure has the following shortcomings: 1. A place for installing the shift fork needs to be reserved inside the gearbox, and the shift fork shifting requires an external oil cylinder, so the speed gearbox is large in size; 2. The shift fork is easy to wear due to long-term friction with the gear ring groove, which may cause the gear to be unable to be accurately engaged or to drop out of gear. In severe cases, the shift fork may break; 3. The speed gear is connected to the shaft core through a spline. When the speed gear slides in the spline groove, the friction contact surface is large, and the wear is faster. The iron powder dropped by the wear will also contaminate the bearing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent. To this end, the present invention proposes a structure and method for achieving gear shifting by sliding an idle gear on the shaft through sliding of a shaft core.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The structure of shifting is realized by sliding of the shaft core to drive the sliding of the idle gear on the shaft, including a housing, an input shaft, an output shaft and a sliding shaft are respectively arranged in the housing, an input double gear is arranged on the input shaft, an output double gear is arranged on the output shaft, an upper cylinder body with an opening at the lower end is arranged at the upper end of the housing, an upper medium interface is arranged on the upper cylinder body, a lower cylinder body with an opening at the upper end is arranged in the housing, a lower medium interface is arranged on the lower cylinder body, two ends of the sliding shaft are respectively movable up and down in the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, a speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft, and a locking device is also arranged on the housing, and the locking device can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft.

[0007] The present invention also provides a shifting method, which uses the above-mentioned structure in which the shaft core slides to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide to achieve shifting. The shifting structure includes a first speed change state and a second speed change state.

[0008] Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state:

[0009] a1: The front end of the positioning pin is driven to be placed in the vertical slide groove by the cylinder;

[0010] a2: The upper medium interface is used for air intake and the lower medium interface is used for exhaust. The sliding shaft drives the speed change gear set to slide downward. The first speed change gear is disengaged from the first input gear and the first output gear respectively, while the second input gear is meshed with the second speed change gear, and the third speed change gear is meshed with the second output gear.

[0011] a3: The cylinder drives the front end of the positioning pin to extend into the first positioning groove.

[0012] Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state:

[0013] b1: The front end of the positioning pin is driven to be placed in the vertical slide groove by the cylinder;

[0014] b2: The lower medium interface is inlet, and the upper medium interface is exhaust. The sliding shaft drives the speed change gear set to slide upward, the second input gear is disengaged from the second speed change gear, the third speed change gear is disengaged from the second output gear, and the first speed change gear is meshed with the first input gear and the first output gear respectively;

[0015] b3: The cylinder drives the front end of the positioning pin to extend into the second positioning groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. It replaces the traditional shift fork shifting structure, so there is no need to reserve a position for the shift fork inside the speed change gearbox, which makes the structure more compact, the transmission efficiency is high, and the operation is reliable;

[0018] 2. There is no need for an external oil cylinder, so a space can be left to reduce weight; in addition, the space can be used to add special parts or special designs, etc., to improve the practicality of the speed change gearbox and meet a wider range of application requirements;

[0019] 3. Since there is no shift fork, the problem of wear of the shift fork due to long-term friction with the gear ring groove is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the speed change gearbox during operation;

[0020] 4. In addition, it also overcomes the vibration and friction caused by the slip of the traditional speed change gear spline, effectively reducing the generation of noise and vibration;

[0021] 5. A locking device is also provided, which can limit and lock the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is one of the cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 The second cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 In the first embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of point A;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention in the first speed change state;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a top view schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 In the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view at AA of FIG.

[0030] Fig. 9 In the second embodiment of the present invention Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view at BB of FIG.

[0031] Fig.10 In the second embodiment of the present invention Fig. 9 An enlarged schematic diagram of point B;

[0032] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention in the first speed change state;

[0033] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention when the plug rod is inserted into the plug hole;

[0034] Fig.13 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a main shaft body and a piston member of a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.14 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention when the locking rod extends into the steering locking through hole;

[0036] Fig.15 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention when the locking rod is retracted into the steering locking through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following specific implementation contents provide a variety of different embodiments or examples for implementing the present invention. Of course, these are only embodiments or examples and do not wish to be restrictive. In addition, repeated reference numerals may be used in different embodiments, such as repeated numbers and / or letters. These repetitions are for the purpose of simply and clearly describing the present invention and do not represent a specific relationship between the different embodiments and / or structures discussed.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the structure of shifting is realized by sliding of the shaft core to drive the sliding of the idle gear on the shaft, including a housing 1, in which an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3 and a sliding shaft 8 are respectively arranged, an input double gear 4 is arranged on the input shaft 2, and an output double gear 5 is arranged on the output shaft 3, an upper cylinder body 6 with an opening at the lower end is arranged at the upper end of the housing 1, an upper medium interface 9 is arranged on the upper cylinder body 6, a lower cylinder body 7 with an opening at the upper end is arranged in the housing 1, and a lower medium interface 10 is arranged on the lower cylinder body 7, both ends of the sliding shaft 8 are respectively movable up and down in the upper cylinder body 6 and the lower cylinder body 7, a speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft 8, and a locking device is also arranged on the housing 1, and the locking device can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8.

[0040] During gear shifting, air or liquid is introduced through the upper medium interface 9, and air or liquid is discharged through the lower medium interface 10, so that the sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to move downward to achieve speed change; similarly, air or liquid is discharged through the upper medium interface 9, and air or liquid is introduced through the lower medium interface 10, so that the sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to move upward to achieve speed change.

[0041] It should be noted that the upper medium interface 9 and the lower medium interface 10 can be connected to gas or liquid, that is, they can be driven by pneumatic transmission or hydraulic oil transmission.

[0042] According to the above structure, the traditional shift fork shifting structure is abandoned, so that there is no need to reserve a position for the shift fork inside the speed change gear box, so that the structure is more compact, the transmission efficiency is high, and the operation is reliable.

[0043] There is no need for an external oil cylinder, so a space can be freed up to reduce weight; in addition, the space can be used to add special parts or special designs, etc., to improve the practicality of the speed change gearbox and meet a wider range of application requirements.

[0044] And because there is no shift fork, the problem of the shift fork wearing out due to long-term friction with the gear ring groove is avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the speed change gearbox during operation.

[0045] In addition, it also overcomes the vibration and friction caused by the slip of the traditional speed change gear spline, and effectively reduces the generation of noise and vibration.

[0046] Furthermore, the locking device can limit and lock the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission.

[0047] See also Figure 5 As shown, the input double gear 4 includes a first input gear 21 and a second input gear 22 which are spaced apart from each other, and the output double gear 5 includes a first output gear 23 and a second output gear 24 which are spaced apart from each other.

[0048] See also Figure 3 As shown, a bearing 31 is sleeved on the sliding shaft 8, and the speed change gear set includes a gear sleeve 32 sleeved on the bearing 31, and a first speed change gear 33, a second speed change gear 34 and a third speed change gear 35 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the gear sleeve 32.

[0049] The shift structure has two speed change states, the first speed change state is 1:1 transmission, and the second speed change state is 1:4 transmission.

[0050] Of course, the above two transmission ratios are only preferred implementations of this embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementations. As long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by any same or similar means, they should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] In the first speed change state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the upper position, and at this time, the first input gear 21, the first speed change gear 33 and the first output gear 23 can mesh in sequence.

[0052] In the second speed change state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the lower position, at which time the second input gear 22 is meshed with the second speed change gear 34 , and the third speed change gear 35 is meshed with the second output gear 24 .

[0053] See also Figure 3-Figure 6 As shown, the locking device includes a cylinder mounting seat 100 arranged at the upper end of the box body 1, a cylinder 11 is installed on the cylinder mounting seat 100, a through hole 12 is arranged on one side of the upper cylinder body 6, a vertical slide groove 13 is arranged on one side of the upper end of the sliding shaft 8, a first positioning groove 14 is arranged at the upper end of the vertical slide groove 13, and a second positioning groove 15 is arranged at the lower end of the vertical slide groove 13. A magnetic piston 16 is arranged in the cylinder 11, and a positioning pin 17 is arranged on the magnetic piston 16, and one end of the positioning pin 17 can be movably extended into the vertical slide groove 13 or the first positioning groove 14 or the second positioning groove 15.

[0054] When the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the vertical slide groove 13, the sliding shaft 8 can slide axially; when the front end of the positioning pin 17 extends into the first positioning groove 14, it is in the second speed change state, that is, the second input gear 22 is meshed with the second speed gear 34, and the third speed gear 35 is meshed with the second output gear 24; and when the front end of the positioning pin 17 extends into the second positioning groove 15, it is in the first speed change state, that is, the first input gear 21, the first speed gear 33 and the first output gear 23 can be meshed in sequence.

[0055] Furthermore, the rear end of the positioning pin 17 passes through the outside of the cylinder 11, and a sensor 101 is arranged on the rear side of the cylinder mounting seat 100, and the sensor 101 is used to detect the position of the positioning pin 17, and when the sensor 101 detects the positioning pin 17, the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the vertical slide groove 13; therefore, when the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the vertical slide groove 13, at this time, the rear end of the positioning pin 17 is detected by the sensor 101, and the detection information is fed back, so that the operator can know that the sliding shaft 8 can perform axial sliding.

[0056] Furthermore, a first magnetic sensor 102 for detecting the position of the magnetic piston 16 is provided on one side of the cylinder 11 , and when the first magnetic sensor 102 detects the magnetic piston 16 , the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the first positioning groove 14 .

[0057] A second magnetic sensor 103 for detecting the position of the magnetic piston 16 is also provided on one side of the cylinder 11 , and when the second magnetic sensor 103 detects the magnetic piston 16 , the front end of the positioning pin 17 is located in the second positioning groove 15 .

[0058] It should be noted that the depths of the first positioning groove 14 and the second positioning groove 15 are different, so that when the positioning pin 17 extends into the first positioning groove 14 or the second positioning groove 15, the depth of its extension is different, so that the two positions of the positioning pin 17 can be detected by the first magnetic sensor 102 or the second magnetic sensor 103, and it can be clearly known that the positioning pin 17 is in the first positioning groove 14 or the second positioning groove 15, and then it can be known whether the sliding shaft 8 is in the correct position after sliding, and at the same time, it can be known whether it is in the first speed change state or the second speed change state.

[0059] In the present invention, sealing rings 91 are provided at both ends of the sliding shaft 8 to avoid air or liquid leakage. In addition, the vibration generated by the sliding shaft 8 can be eliminated to improve the stability of the speed change gear set when the sliding shaft 8 rotates.

[0060] According to the shifting structure of the first embodiment, a shifting method is also provided, and the shifting structure includes a first speed change state and a second speed change state, specifically:

[0061] Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state:

[0062] a1: The cylinder 11 drives the front end of the positioning pin 17 to be placed in the vertical slide groove 13;

[0063] a2: The upper medium interface 9 is for air intake, and the lower medium interface 10 is for exhaust. The sliding shaft 8 drives the speed change gear set to slide downward, and the first speed change gear 33 is disengaged from the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively, while the second input gear 22 is meshed with the second speed change gear 34, and the third speed change gear 35 is meshed with the second output gear 24;

[0064] a3: The cylinder 11 works to drive the front end of the positioning pin 17 to extend into the first positioning groove 14.

[0065] Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state:

[0066] b1: The cylinder 11 drives the front end of the positioning pin 17 to be placed in the vertical slide groove 13;

[0067] b2: The lower medium interface 10 is inlet, and the upper medium interface 9 is exhausted. The sliding shaft 8 drives the speed gear set to slide upward, the second input gear 22 is disengaged from the second speed gear 34, the third speed gear 35 is disengaged from the second output gear 24, and the first speed gear 33 is meshed with the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively;

[0068] b3: The cylinder 11 works to drive the front end of the positioning pin 17 to extend into the second positioning groove 15.

[0069] Of course, after the gear shift is completed, the position of the positioning pin 17 can be detected by the sensor 101, the first magnetic sensor 102 and the second magnetic sensor 103, so as to clearly know whether the gear shift is successful.

[0070] Embodiment 2:

[0071] The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the different structures of the sliding shaft 8 and the locking device.

[0072] like Figure 7-Figure 15The structure shown in which the shaft core slides and the idle gear on the shaft slides to achieve gear shifting includes a housing 1, in which an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3 and a sliding shaft 8 are respectively arranged, an input double gear 4 is arranged on the input shaft 2, and an output double gear 5 is arranged on the output shaft 3, an upper cylinder body 6 with an opening at the lower end is arranged at the upper end of the housing 1, an upper medium interface 9 is arranged on the upper cylinder body 6, a lower cylinder body 7 with an opening at the upper end is arranged in the housing 1, and a lower medium interface 10 is arranged on the lower cylinder body 7, both ends of the sliding shaft 8 are respectively movable up and down in the upper cylinder body 6 and the lower cylinder body 7, a speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft 8, and a locking device is also arranged on the housing 1, and the locking device can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8.

[0073] See also Fig.10 , Figure 13-Figure 15 As shown, the sliding shaft 8 includes a main shaft body 41 and a piston member 42 axially telescopically extended at the upper end of the main shaft body 41, the lower end of the piston member 42 is spaced apart by a guide column 43, and the upper end of the main shaft body 41 is spaced apart by a guide groove 44, an inner ring 45 is arranged in the guide groove 44, the guide column 43 is inserted into the inner ring 45 up and down, and a stop flange 46 is arranged at the lower end of the guide column 43, and a first spring 47 is also arranged in the guide groove 44, the first spring 47 is sleeved on the guide column 43, and the upper end of the first spring 47 abuts against the piston member 42, and the lower end abuts against the inner ring 45; thereby, the piston member 42 can realize telescopic movement under the cooperation of the guide column 43 and the inner ring 45, and when there is no external force, under the action of the first spring 47 and the stop flange 46, the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 can be kept in a separated state.

[0074] It should be noted that the piston 42 and the main shaft body 41 can be switched between the separation state and the contact state through the cooperation of the air inlet and outlet of the upper medium port 9 and the lower medium port 10 .

[0075] The locking device includes a vertical cavity 48 provided at the upper end of the main shaft body 41, a transverse cavity 49 is connected to the lower end of the vertical cavity 48, a driving member 410 slides up and down in the vertical cavity 48, a driving inclined surface 411 is provided at the lower end of the driving member 410, a locking rod 412 slides transversely in the transverse cavity 49, the outer end of the locking rod 412 can be movably extended out of the main shaft body 41, and a transmission member 413 is provided at the inner end, a transmission inclined surface 414 is provided on the transmission member 413, the driving inclined surface 411 abuts against the transmission inclined surface 414, and a second spring 410 is connected between the transmission member 413 and the inner wall of the transverse cavity 49. 18. A limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the upper cylinder body 6, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is provided in the limiting groove, wherein the limiting groove includes a vertical limiting groove 416 and a steering locking through hole 417 provided at the upper and lower ends of the vertical limiting groove 416. When the piston member 42 is separated from the main shaft body 41, the upper end of the driving member 410 extends out of the vertical cavity 48, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is located in the vertical limiting groove 416. When the piston member 42 abuts against the main shaft body 41, the driving member 410 moves inward and presses the transmission member 413, so that the locking rod 412 extends into the steering locking through hole 417.

[0076] When the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 remain in a separated state, under the action of the second spring 418, the transmission member 413 and the locking rod 412 are pushed inward, so that the locking rod 412 is retracted into the steering locking through hole 417 and is located in the vertical limiting groove 416. At the same time, the transmission inclined surface 414 of the transmission member 413 pushes the driving inclined surface 411 of the driving member 410, so that the driving member 410 moves upward along the vertical cavity 48; at this time, the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 can slide up and down in the upper cylinder body 6, and the locking rod 412 can be limited by the vertical limiting groove 416, so that the up and down movement of the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 can be guided and limited, thereby improving the stability during speed shifting.

[0077] Since the sliding shaft 8 in the speed change gearbox of the present invention does not rotate, the speed change transmission is performed by the rotation of the speed change gear set. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability of the speed change gear set during the rotation operation, the inventor limits and locks the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8. The specific principle is as follows:

[0078] The piston member 42 moves toward the main shaft body 41 and maintains a contact and fitting state. At this time, the piston member 42 moves downward and presses the driving member 410, and the driving member 410 pushes the transmission member 413 downward, so that the locking rod 412 moves outward and extends into the steering locking through hole 417, thereby being able to limit the axial movement and axial rotation of the sliding shaft 8, thereby improving the stability of the gear transmission.

[0079] See also Fig.10 As shown, a support box body 51 is further provided outside the upper cylinder body 6, and detection switches 52 are spaced apart at upper and lower portions in the support box body 51. The two detection switches 52 are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the two steering locking through holes 417, and when the locking rod 412 extends into the steering locking through hole 417, the corresponding detection switch 52 is pushed; by pushing and triggering the detection switch 52 through the locking rod 412, it is possible to detect whether the locking rod 412 is in a locked state, thereby ensuring the stability of the gear transmission.

[0080] Further, see Fig.10 , Fig.12 As shown, a micro motor 61 is also provided in the support box body 51, and a micro gear 62 is provided on the output shaft of the micro motor 61. A rack 63 capable of meshing with the micro gear 62 is provided on one side of the upper cylinder body 6 and is located in the support box body 51 and slides up and down. The rack 63 is located between the two steering locking through holes 417, and an insertion rod 64 is provided at both upper and lower ends of the rack 63. A vertical through hole 65 is provided at the outer end of the locking rod 412. When the locking rod 412 extends into the steering locking through hole 417, the insertion rod 64 can be inserted into the insertion hole 65.

[0081] When the locking rod 412 pushes and triggers the detection switch 52, ensuring that the locking rod 412 is in a locked state in the steering lock through hole 417, the micro motor 61 works to drive the micro gear 62 to rotate, and the micro gear 62 engages with the rack 63. The rack 63 drives the insertion rod 64 to move and insert the insertion rod 64 into the insertion hole 65 of the locking rod 412, further improving the stability of the locking rod 412 when locked.

[0082] The input double gear 4 includes a first input gear 21 and a second input gear 22 which are spaced apart from each other, and the output double gear 5 includes a first output gear 23 and a second output gear 24 which are spaced apart from each other.

[0083] Furthermore, a bearing 31 is sleeved on the main shaft body 41, and the speed change gear set includes a gear sleeve 32 sleeved on the bearing 31, and a first speed change gear 33, a second speed change gear 34 and a third speed change gear 35 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the gear sleeve 32.

[0084] The speed change gearbox has two speed change states, the first speed change state is 1:1 transmission, and the second speed change state is 1:4 transmission.

[0085] In the first speed change state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the upper position, and at this time, the first input gear 21, the first speed change gear 33 and the first output gear 23 can mesh in sequence.

[0086] In the second speed change state, the sliding shaft 8 is located at the lower position, at which time the second input gear 22 is meshed with the second speed change gear 34 , and the third speed change gear 35 is meshed with the second output gear 24 .

[0087] Of course, the above two transmission ratios are only preferred implementations of this embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementations. As long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by any same or similar means, they should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0088] In the present invention, a sealing ring 91 is disposed on the lower end of the main shaft body 41 and on the piston member 42 .

[0089] According to the shifting structure of the second embodiment, the present invention further provides a shifting method, which adopts the shifting structure, the shifting structure includes a first speed change state and a second speed change state, and is characterized in that:

[0090] Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state:

[0091] a1: The upper medium port 9 is exhausted first, and the lower medium port 10 does not work. Under the action of the first spring 47, the piston member 42 moves upward and separates from the main shaft body 41. Then, under the action of the second spring 418, the locking rod 412 is retracted into the steering locking through hole 417, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is located in the vertical limiting groove 416. The transmission inclined surface 414 on the transmission member 413 pushes the driving inclined surface 411 on the driving member 410, so that the upper end of the driving member 410 extends out of the vertical cavity 48;

[0092] a2: The upper medium port 9 takes in air, while the lower medium port 10 exhausts air, the piston member 42 and the main shaft body 41 slide downward simultaneously, the first speed gear 33 disengages from the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively, and the second input gear 22 meshes with the second speed gear 34, and the third speed gear 35 meshes with the second output gear 24;

[0093] a3: The upper medium port 9 continues to take in air, while the lower medium port 10 stops exhausting air, the piston member 42 moves downward and presses the driving member 410, and the driving member 410 pushes the transmission member 413, so that the locking rod 412 moves outward and extends into the steering locking through hole 417.

[0094] Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state:

[0095] b1: The upper medium port 9 is exhausted first, and the lower medium port 10 does not work. Under the action of the first spring 47, the piston member 42 moves upward and separates from the main shaft body 41. Then, under the action of the second spring 418, the locking rod 412 is retracted into the steering locking through hole 417, and the outer end of the locking rod 412 is located in the vertical limit groove 416. The transmission inclined surface 414 on the transmission member 413 pushes the driving inclined surface 411 on the driving member 410, so that the upper end of the driving member 410 extends out of the vertical cavity 48;

[0096] b2: The upper medium port 9 continues to exhaust gas, while the lower medium port 10 takes in gas, the piston 42 and the main shaft body 41 slide upward at the same time, the second input gear 22 is disengaged from the second speed gear 34, the third speed gear 35 is disengaged from the second output gear 24, and the first speed gear 33 is meshed with the first input gear 21 and the first output gear 23 respectively;

[0097] b3: The lower medium port 10 stops taking in air, while the upper medium port 9 takes in air, the piston member 42 moves downward and presses the driving member 410, and the driving member 410 pushes the transmission member 413, so that the locking rod 412 moves outward and extends into the steering locking through hole 417.

[0098] In addition, in order to improve the stability of the locking rod 412 when it extends into the steering locking through hole 417, steps a4 and b4 may be added after steps a3 and b3.

[0099] a4: The micro motor 61 works, driving the micro gear 62 to rotate counterclockwise and mesh with the rack 63 , and the rack 63 drives the insertion rod 64 to move downward and insert the insertion rod 64 into the insertion hole 65 .

[0100] In step b4, the micro motor 61 works to drive the micro gear 62 to rotate clockwise and mesh with the rack 63. The rack 63 drives the insertion rod 64 to move upward and insert the insertion rod 64 into the insertion hole 65.

[0101] Of course, when performing a speed change, the insertion rod 64 needs to be operated by the micro motor 61 first and separated from the insertion hole 65 before the speed change can be performed, which improves the accuracy and safety of the gear change.

[0102] In conjunction with the drawings and the above, the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention are shown and described. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A structure for realizing gear shifting by sliding an idle gear on a shaft through the sliding movement of a shaft core, comprising a housing (1), wherein an input shaft (2), an output shaft (3) and a sliding shaft (8) are respectively arranged in the housing (1), an input double gear (4) is arranged on the input shaft (2), and an output double gear (5) is arranged on the output shaft (3), and characterized in that: An upper cylinder body (6) with an opening at the lower end is arranged at the upper end of the housing (1), and an upper medium interface (9) is arranged on the upper cylinder body (6). A lower cylinder body (7) with an opening at the upper end is arranged in the housing (1), and a lower medium interface (10) is arranged on the lower cylinder body (7). The two ends of the sliding shaft (8) are movable up and down in the upper cylinder body (6) and the lower cylinder body (7) respectively. A speed change gear set is rotatably sleeved on the sliding shaft (8). A locking device is also arranged on the housing (1), and the locking device can limit and lock the axial sliding and axial rotation of the sliding shaft (8).

2. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input double gear (4) comprises a first input gear (21) and a second input gear (22) which are arranged at an interval up and down, and the output double gear (5) comprises a first output gear (23) and a second output gear (24) which are arranged at an interval up and down.

3. The structure of shifting by sliding the idle gear on the shaft through the sliding of the shaft core according to claim 2, characterized in that: A bearing (31) is sleeved on the sliding shaft (8); the speed change gear set comprises a gear sleeve (32) sleeved on the bearing (31); a first speed change gear (33), a second speed change gear (34) and a third speed change gear (35) are arranged on the gear sleeve (32) in sequence from top to bottom; the shifting structure has two speed change states; in the first speed change state, the first input gear (21), the first speed change gear (33) and the first output gear (23) can mesh in sequence; in the second speed change state, the second input gear (22) meshes with the second speed change gear (34), and the third speed change gear (35) meshes with the second output gear (24).

4. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking device comprises a cylinder mounting seat (100) arranged at the upper end of the box body (1), a cylinder (11) is mounted on the cylinder mounting seat (100), a through hole (12) is arranged on one side of the upper cylinder body (6), a vertical slide groove (13) is arranged on one side of the upper end of the sliding shaft (8), a first positioning groove (14) is arranged at the upper end of the vertical slide groove (13), and a second positioning groove (15) is arranged at the lower end of the vertical slide groove (13), a magnetic piston (16) is arranged in the cylinder (11), and a positioning pin (17) is arranged on the magnetic piston (16), and one end of the positioning pin (17) can be movably extended into the vertical slide groove (13) or the first positioning groove (14) or the second positioning groove (15).

5. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rear end of the positioning pin (17) passes through the outside of the cylinder (11), and a sensor (101) is arranged on the rear side of the cylinder mounting seat (100). The sensor (101) is used to detect the position of the positioning pin (17), and when the sensor (101) detects the positioning pin (17), the front end of the positioning pin (17) is located in the vertical sliding groove (13).

6. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first positioning groove (14) and the second positioning groove (15) have different depths.

7. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first magnetic sensor (102) for detecting the position of the magnetic piston (16) is provided on one side of the cylinder (11), and when the first magnetic sensor (102) detects the magnetic piston (16), the front end of the positioning pin (17) is located in the first positioning groove (14).

8. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second magnetic sensor (103) for detecting the position of the magnetic piston (16) is also provided on one side of the cylinder (11), and when the second magnetic sensor (103) detects the magnetic piston (16), the front end of the positioning pin (17) is located in the second positioning groove (15).

9. The structure of shifting by sliding the shaft core to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sealing rings (91) are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the sliding shaft (8).

10. A gear shifting method, using the structure of any one of claims 1 to 9 above where the shaft core slides to drive the idle gear on the shaft to slide to achieve gear shifting, the gear shifting structure includes a first speed shifting state and a second speed shifting state, characterized in that: Shifting from the first speed state to the second speed state: a1: The cylinder (11) drives the front end of the positioning pin (17) to be placed in the vertical slide groove (13); a2: the upper medium interface (9) is used for air intake, the lower medium interface (10) is used for air exhaust, the sliding shaft (8) drives the speed change gear set to slide downward, the first speed change gear (33) is disengaged from the first input gear (21) and the first output gear (23), the second input gear (22) is meshed with the second speed change gear (34), and the third speed change gear (35) is meshed with the second output gear (24); a3: The cylinder (11) is driven to drive the front end of the positioning pin (17) to extend into the first positioning groove (14). Shifting from the second speed state to the first speed state: b1: The cylinder (11) is driven to place the front end of the positioning pin (17) in the vertical slide groove (13); b2: the lower medium interface (10) takes in air, the upper medium interface (9) exhausts air, the sliding shaft (8) drives the speed change gear set to slide upward, the second input gear (22) is disengaged from the second speed change gear (34), the third speed change gear (35) is disengaged from the second output gear (24), and the first speed change gear (33) is meshed with the first input gear (21) and the first output gear (23) respectively; b3: The cylinder (11) is driven to drive the front end of the positioning pin (17) to extend into the second positioning groove (15).

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