Seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous measurement method and synchronous measurement instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses a seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous measurement method and a synchronous measurement instrument, belongs to the technical field of ocean observation, and relates to a seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous observation instrument and a seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous observation method. A seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous measuring instrument comprises a thermistor, a control bin and a battery bin. The two thermistors are arranged at the head part of the control cabin; a main control unit and a data acquisition and storage unit are arranged in the control bin, the data acquisition and storage unit is connected with the thermistor, and the main control unit is connected with the data acquisition and storage unit; and the battery bin is arranged at the tail part of the control bin and is connected with the control bin through a damping connector. The device is simple in structure and small in size, is fixed on an anchor system of an ocean subsurface buoy or other underwater fixed observation platforms, measures temperature data through the thermistor, and inverts seawater flow velocity data, so that synchronous measurement of seawater temperature and flow velocity is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ocean observation technology, in particular to the field of seawater temperature and flow velocity observation in the ocean, and specifically to a method and instrument for synchronously measuring ocean temperature and flow velocity. Background Art

[0002] The temperature and velocity of seawater are the most critical physical parameters in marine science. They not only determine the basic state of the marine environment, but also have a profound impact on the global climate system and biodiversity. Seawater temperature is a direct indicator of the thermal energy status of the ocean. It affects the density and salinity of seawater, and thus determines the flow pattern of seawater and the formation of ocean circulation. Changes in temperature also affect the content of dissolved oxygen in the ocean, which plays a vital role in the respiration of marine organisms and the balance of the ecosystem. The velocity of seawater reveals the intensity and direction of the ocean dynamic process. It not only affects the distribution and transfer of ocean energy, but also determines the diffusion and circulation of nutrients in the ocean. Changes in flow velocity can lead to the formation of ocean upwelling and downwelling, which are crucial to the nutrient cycle of the marine ecosystem. Upwelling can bring nutrients from the deep sea to the surface to support the growth of phytoplankton, while downwelling helps to transport organic matter from the surface to the deep sea, forming an important part of the ocean carbon cycle.

[0003] At present, the observation of seawater temperature and current velocity in the ocean uses respective observation instruments. Temperature measurement currently generally uses temperature sensors, which are based on the principle of directly measuring by converting temperature signals into electrical signals. They are small in size, simple to operate, cheap, and easy to obtain data, and are widely used in ocean observations. While current velocity observation is currently mainly carried out by instruments such as acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), acoustic Doppler point current meter (ADV), and current meter. The observation principle of these current velocity observation instruments is relatively complex. They are mainly based on the acoustic Doppler principle, measuring the frequency shift information of the scattered signal of particles in seawater, and using the vector synthesis method to obtain the current velocity. Their structure is generally complex, the volume and weight are relatively large, the price is high, the lowering and recovery process is relatively difficult, and the requirements for observation posture (such as tilt angle) and observation conditions (such as the concentration of particles in the water) are high, which to a certain extent limits people's extensive acquisition of ocean current velocity and the development of physical ocean science research.

[0004] At the same time, since the current observations of seawater temperature and flow rate in the ocean are made through different instruments, there will inevitably be time delays or spatial differences in each independent observation instrument, making it difficult to achieve truly synchronous collection. This brings difficulties to the acquisition of some important physical quantities that need to be evaluated based on precisely synchronized temperature and velocity observation data, such as seawater heat flux, which involves the product of seawater temperature and flow rate. Therefore, the measurement of the two must be highly synchronized, otherwise the calculated heat flux data will lose accuracy, thereby affecting the understanding of the ocean energy balance and heat transfer mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and an instrument for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity. The method can realize highly synchronous measurement of seawater temperature and flow velocity. The instrument has a simple structure and is easy to operate.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity, and the technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and velocity, comprising:

[0008] Acquiring temperature data, wherein the temperature data is the temperature value of seawater during an observation period;

[0009] According to the temperature value of the seawater during the observation period, the temperature values ​​of two different temperature measuring points are selected, and the distances between the two different temperature measuring points are correspondingly obtained;

[0010] Calculating the cross-covariance coefficient according to the temperature values ​​of the two different temperature measurement points and a preset cross-covariance formula;

[0011] According to the cross-covariance coefficient, a lag value is obtained, wherein the lag value is the lag value corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-covariance coefficient;

[0012] According to the hysteresis value, the time difference of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measuring points is calculated;

[0013] According to the distance between the two different temperature measuring points and the time difference between the two different temperature measuring points, the flow velocity of the ocean current passing through the two different temperature measuring points within the time period is obtained.

[0014] The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and velocity as described above, further, calculates the cross-covariance coefficient according to the temperature values ​​of the two different temperature measurement points and a preset cross-covariance formula, specifically including:

[0015] Assume that the temperature values ​​measured at two different temperature measurement points within a time period Δt are T1(n) and T2(n), then their cross-covariance coefficient is:

[0016]

[0017] Where n is the data point number, k is the lag value, and the angle brackets <> indicate the calculated average value. 12 (k) represents the cross-covariance coefficient when the lag value is k.

[0018] The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and velocity as described above, further, calculates the time difference of the sea current passing through two different temperature measurement points according to the hysteresis value, specifically including:

[0019] Assume that the lag value corresponding to the maximum cross-covariance coefficient is k max , then the time difference δT of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points is:

[0020]

[0021] Where f is the sampling frequency of the temperature measurement point.

[0022] The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and velocity as described above, further, according to the distance between the two different temperature measuring points and the time difference between the two different temperature measuring points, obtains the velocity of the ocean current passing through the two different temperature measuring points within the time period, specifically comprising:

[0023] The velocity U of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points during this period is:

[0024]

[0025] Wherein, L is the distance between two different temperature measurement points.

[0026] The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity as described above further acquires temperature data by setting a thermistor at the temperature measuring point.

[0027] The present invention also proposes a seawater temperature and velocity synchronous measuring instrument, which uses the above-mentioned measuring method and includes a thermistor, a control compartment and a battery compartment:

[0028] Wherein, the thermistor is arranged at the head of the control compartment to obtain temperature data;

[0029] A main control unit and a data acquisition storage unit are arranged inside the control compartment, the data acquisition storage unit is electrically connected to the thermistor, and the main control unit is connected to the data acquisition storage unit;

[0030] The battery compartment is connected to the rear of the control compartment via a shock-absorbing connector to provide electrical energy.

[0031] The seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument as described above, further, the number of the thermistors is two.

[0032] The seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument as described above, further, the control compartment and the battery compartment are made of high-pressure resistant titanium alloy pressure-resistant material.

[0033] As described above, the synchronous measuring instrument for seawater temperature and flow rate, further, a fixing buckle is provided on the side or tail of the battery compartment, and the fixing buckle is used to fix the synchronous measuring instrument for seawater temperature and flow rate on other objects.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) The present invention can realize long-term synchronous measurement of two parameters, seawater temperature and flow velocity;

[0036] (2) The present invention only requires a thermistor to achieve synchronous measurement of seawater temperature and flow velocity, without the need for an additional independent flow velocity observation instrument. It has a compact structure and is easy to operate, which can greatly save the manpower, material resources, financial resources and time costs required for on-site ocean observations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit control part in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 Flow chart of the method in the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1, thermistor; 2, control compartment; 3, battery compartment; 201, main control unit; 202, data acquisition storage unit; 301, shock-absorbing connector; 302, fixing buckle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] Example:

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations of the embodiments of the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly defined. In addition, unless otherwise clearly defined and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] See also Figure 1 A seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a thermistor, a control compartment and a battery compartment: wherein the thermistor is arranged at the head of the control compartment for obtaining temperature data; a main control unit and a data acquisition storage unit are arranged inside the control compartment, the data acquisition storage unit is electrically connected to the thermistor, and the main control unit is connected to the data acquisition storage unit; the battery compartment is connected to the tail of the control compartment through a shock-absorbing connector for providing electrical energy.

[0047] Furthermore, there are two thermistors.

[0048] Furthermore, the control compartment and the battery compartment are made of high-pressure-resistant titanium alloy pressure-resistant material.

[0049] Furthermore, a fixing buckle is provided on the side or the tail of the battery compartment, and the fixing buckle is used to fix the seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous measuring instrument on other objects.

[0050] As a preferred example, Figure 1As shown, the seawater temperature and velocity synchronous measuring instrument of this embodiment includes two thermistors 1 at the head, a control compartment 2, and a battery compartment 3. The appearance of this embodiment is cylindrical, with a length of 20 cm and a diameter of 5 cm. The shell is made of titanium alloy pressure-resistant material, which can withstand a pressure resistance of 6000m water depth.

[0051] The thermistor 1 is arranged at the head of the control compartment 2 and is encapsulated by seawater-proof AB glue. The distance between the two thermistors is 2.5 cm.

[0052] The control compartment 2 is provided with a main control unit 201 and a data acquisition storage unit 202. The data acquisition storage unit 202 is connected to the thermistor 1 and the thermistor 2. The main control unit 201 is mainly used for command interaction between the instrument and the client software and configuration of sampling parameters (such as sampling start time, duration, sampling frequency, etc.). The main function of the data acquisition storage unit 202 is to control the acquisition, conversion and storage of data.

[0053] The battery compartment 3 is arranged at the tail of the control compartment and is connected to the control compartment 2 through a shock absorbing connector 301. The shock absorbing connector 301 can adopt a marine waterproof sealing rubber ring, which mainly reduces the external noise when sampling the thermistor 1 and waterproofs the control compartment 2 and the battery compartment 3. The battery compartment contains dry batteries to provide power for the seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument when it is working. A fixing buckle 302 is arranged at the tail of the battery to fix the seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument on other objects.

[0054] When in use, the seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument of this embodiment is fixed on a fixed object such as an underwater platform or an anchor system of a submerged buoy in the ocean to carry out long-term fixed-point seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous observation. The water body temperature is observed through the thermistor, and the data is stored in real time. After recovery, the flow rate is obtained through the temperature data measured by the two thermistors, thereby realizing long-term synchronous observation of seawater temperature and flow rate.

[0055] It can be seen that the synchronous measuring instrument has a compact structure and is easy to operate, which can save a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time costs required for marine field observation. It can achieve synchronous measurement of seawater temperature and flow rate using thermistors, without the need for additional flow rate observation instruments. In addition, the synchronous measuring instrument also has the ability to observe at a fixed point for a long time, providing more accurate and synchronous temperature and flow rate data for marine scientific research.

[0056] See also Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and velocity, which may include the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Obtain temperature data, which is the temperature value of seawater during the observation period.

[0058] Step 2: According to the temperature value of the seawater during the observation period, the temperature values ​​of two different temperature measuring points are selected and the distances between the two different temperature measuring points are correspondingly obtained.

[0059] Step 3: Calculate the cross-covariance coefficient according to the temperature values ​​of the two different temperature measurement points and a preset cross-covariance formula.

[0060] Step 4: According to the cross-covariance coefficient, a lag value is obtained, where the lag value is the lag value corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-covariance coefficient.

[0061] Step 5: Based on the hysteresis value, calculate the time difference of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points.

[0062] Step 6: According to the distance between the two different temperature measuring points and the time difference between the two different temperature measuring points, the velocity of the ocean current passing through the two different temperature measuring points in the time period is obtained.

[0063] Further, according to the temperature values ​​of the two different temperature measurement points and a preset cross-covariance formula, a cross-covariance coefficient is calculated, specifically including:

[0064] Assume that the temperature values ​​measured at two different temperature measurement points within a time period Δt are T1(n) and T2(n), then their cross-covariance coefficient is:

[0065]

[0066] Where n is the data point number, k is the lag value, and the angle brackets <> indicate the calculated average value. 12 (k) represents the cross-covariance coefficient when the lag value is k.

[0067] Further, according to the hysteresis value, the time difference of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points is calculated, specifically including:

[0068] Assume that the lag value corresponding to the maximum cross-covariance coefficient is k max , then the time difference δT of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points is:

[0069]

[0070] Where f is the sampling frequency of the temperature measurement point.

[0071] Further, according to the distance between the two different temperature measuring points and the time difference between the two different temperature measuring points, the velocity of the ocean current passing through the two different temperature measuring points in the time period is obtained, specifically including:

[0072] The velocity U of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points during this period is:

[0073]

[0074] Wherein, L is the distance between two different temperature measurement points.

[0075] Furthermore, temperature data is obtained by setting a thermistor at the temperature measurement point.

[0076] As a preferred example, the following is an explanation of the steps of the synchronous measurement of seawater temperature and flow rate by the seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measurement instrument of this embodiment:

[0077] (1) The temperature data in the entire observation period is measured by two thermistors on the seawater temperature and flow rate synchronous measuring instrument of this embodiment which is fixed in the ocean for a long time.

[0078] (2) Take the temperature data measured by two thermistors within a time period Δt, T1(n) and T2(n), and calculate their cross-covariance coefficient:

[0079]

[0080] Where n is the data point number, k is the lag value, and the angle brackets <> indicate the calculated average value. 12 (k) represents the cross-covariance coefficient when the lag value is k.

[0081] (3) The calculated cross-covariance coefficient R 12 (k) is the maximum when the corresponding hysteresis value is k max , then the time difference δT between the ocean current passing through the two thermistors is:

[0082]

[0083] Where f is the sampling frequency of the thermistor.

[0084] (4) The velocity U of the current passing between the two thermistors is calculated by dividing the distance between the two thermistors by the time difference δT between the current passing through the two thermistors:

[0085]

[0086] Where L is the distance between the two thermistors.

[0087] (5) According to steps (2)-(4), the seawater velocity data at the observation location during the entire observation period can be obtained.

[0088] It can be seen that this method obtains the temperature data of seawater during the observation period through two thermistors and calculates the cross-covariance coefficient of the temperature data measured by the two thermistors. According to the hysteresis value corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-covariance coefficient, the time difference between the current passing through the two thermistors is obtained, and then combined with the distance between the two thermistors, the flow rate of the current passing through the two thermistors is calculated, realizing the synchronous measurement of seawater temperature and flow rate.

[0089] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0090] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0091] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0092] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable ordinary technicians in the field to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the essence of the content of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity, characterized in that: include: Acquiring temperature data, wherein the temperature data is the temperature value of seawater during an observation period; According to the temperature value of the seawater during the observation period, the temperature values ​​of two different temperature measuring points are selected, and the distances between the two different temperature measuring points are correspondingly obtained; Calculating the cross-covariance coefficient according to the temperature values ​​of the two different temperature measurement points and a preset cross-covariance formula; According to the cross-covariance coefficient, a lag value is obtained, wherein the lag value is the lag value corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-covariance coefficient; According to the hysteresis value, the time difference of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measuring points is calculated; According to the distance between the two different temperature measuring points and the time difference between the two different temperature measuring points, the flow velocity of the ocean current passing through the two different temperature measuring points within the time period is obtained.

2. The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the temperature values ​​of the two different temperature measurement points and the preset cross-covariance formula, the cross-covariance coefficient is calculated, which specifically includes: Assume that the temperature values ​​measured at two different temperature measurement points within a time period Δt are T1(n) and T2(n), then their cross-covariance coefficient is: Where n is the data point number, k is the lag value, and the angle brackets <> indicate the calculated average value. 12 (k) represents the cross-covariance coefficient when the lag value is k.

3. The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the hysteresis value, the time difference of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points is calculated, specifically including: Assume that the lag value corresponding to the maximum cross-covariance coefficient is k max , then the time difference δT of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points is: Where f is the sampling frequency of the temperature measurement point.

4. The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity according to claim 3, characterized in that: According to the distance between the two different temperature measuring points and the time difference between the two different temperature measuring points, the velocity of the ocean current passing through the two different temperature measuring points in the time period is obtained, specifically including: The velocity U of the ocean current passing through two different temperature measurement points during this period is: Wherein, L is the distance between two different temperature measurement points.

5. The method for synchronously measuring seawater temperature and flow velocity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Temperature data is obtained by setting a thermistor at the temperature measurement point.

6. A synchronous measuring instrument for seawater temperature and velocity, characterized in that: The measuring method according to claim 1-4 is used, characterized in that it includes a thermistor, a control compartment and a battery compartment: Wherein, the thermistor is arranged at the head of the control compartment to obtain temperature data; A main control unit and a data acquisition storage unit are arranged inside the control compartment, the data acquisition storage unit is electrically connected to the thermistor, and the main control unit is connected to the data acquisition storage unit; The battery compartment is connected to the rear of the control compartment via a shock-absorbing connector to provide electrical energy.

7. The seawater temperature and velocity synchronous measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are two thermistors.

8. The seawater temperature and velocity synchronous measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control compartment and the battery compartment are made of high-pressure-resistant titanium alloy pressure-resistant material.

9. The seawater temperature and velocity synchronous measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fixing buckle is provided on the side or the tail of the battery compartment, and the fixing buckle is used to fix the seawater temperature and flow velocity synchronous measuring instrument on other objects.

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