Method and device for improving soil microbial community stability of Shajiang black soil farmland

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method and device for improving soil microbial community stability of a shajiang black soil farmland, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, fertilizing by using a fertilizing device, sampling and detecting shajiang black soil while reducing soil bulk density, and improving the PH value of acid soil by adding calcium superphosphate after detection; s2, calculating the network stability of the bacterial and fungal communities by using a co-occurrence network, performing dimensionality reduction on a plurality of indexes by using principal component analysis, and selecting the indexes with significant principal components; s3, evaluating the obtained soil quality by using a fuzzy membership function, and eliminating unit differences among different indexes; s4, the stability of a microbial community structure is measured by means of robustness and vulnerability of the co-occurrence network and the stability of community composition, fertilization is conducted through the device, sampling detection is conducted on the shajiang black soil while the soil bulk density is reduced, and after detection, the PH value of the acid soil is improved by adding calcium superphosphate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method and a device for improving the stability of soil microbial communities in sandy ginger black soil farmland. Background Art

[0002] Soil quality is widely used to evaluate soil health through physical, chemical and biological parameters, which are described by the soil quality index (SQI). In agricultural ecosystems, SQI represents the ability of soil to support crop production, while agricultural activities, such as fertilization systems, change SQI. For example, compared with long-term inorganic fertilizer application, long-term organic fertilization helps to improve SQI and is conducive to the establishment of a sustainable agricultural system. Related studies have shown that high soil quality can mitigate the impact of climate change on crop yields and improve yield stability. Therefore, improving SQI by taking appropriate agricultural measures is an effective strategy to improve the resilience of regional, national and global food production under climate change.

[0003] Under current circumstances, a large number of studies on the stability of soil microbial communities are based only on the co-occurrence network analysis of microbial communities sampled once or a few times, ignoring the temporal changes in community stability under environmental factors such as seasonal changes. At the same time, existing equipment cannot sample soil at different depths well when fertilizing. For a long time, the improvement of its physical, chemical, and biological properties has been considered to be the main reason restricting the high and stable yield of grain crops in this soil distribution area, especially the research and development of methods and related equipment for regulating the stability of farmland soil microbial communities. Therefore, the development of this method and related equipment is of great significance for predicting the response of soil microbial community stability to fertilization management under environmental changes in agricultural ecosystems, regulating the stability of microbial communities under different fertilization measures, and how to improve the stability of farmland soil microbial communities. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and a device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Fertilizing with a fertilizing device to reduce the soil bulk density while sampling and testing the sand ginger black soil, and improving the pH value of the acidic soil by adding superphosphate after the test;

[0007] S2. Calculate the network stability of bacterial and fungal communities using co-occurrence networks, use principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of multiple indicators, and select indicators with significant principal components;

[0008] S3, using fuzzy membership function to evaluate the obtained soil quality and eliminate the unit differences between different indicators;

[0009] S4. The robustness, fragility, and stability of community composition of the co-occurrence network are used to measure the stability of the microbial community structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps in S4 are as follows:

[0011] The robustness R is calculated as follows:

[0012]

[0013] where b j is the relative abundance of species i, P ij is the Pearson correlation coefficient between species i and species j;

[0014] Community vulnerability indicates how quickly the consequences of an ecological event spread through part or all of a network, and is characterized by the maximum vulnerability V of a node in the network:

[0015]

[0016] Where E is the global network efficiency, E i represents the efficiency after removing node i and all its edges, d(i, j) is the number of edges between node i and node j, and n is the number of species of any microorganism;

[0017] Community composition stability CS refers to the temporal changes in community structure over time and is calculated according to the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] Where V is the number of samples of the same process at multiple consecutive time points, S is the number of OTUs in the network, and y i，k Indicates the abundance of OTU k in a given sample.

[0020] The present invention also provides a device for the above-mentioned method of improving the stability of soil microbial community in sand ginger black soil farmland, comprising a fertilizer storage box and a mounting frame, wherein the transverse pipe is placed below the fertilizer storage box, the transverse pipe is arranged horizontally, and one of the transverse pipes is connected to a plurality of hoses at equal distances along the outer wall; the diversion hollow plate is placed below the transverse pipe, and the diversion hollow plate is arranged at an angle of 60°, the diversion hollow plate is arranged hollow, and a plurality of hoses extend from one end of the transverse pipe to the inside of the diversion hollow plate;

[0021] The hollow flow-dividing plate extends a plurality of flow-dividing heads away from one end of the hose, and the adjacent flow-dividing heads are in an arc shape;

[0022] The distribution head is fixedly connected to one side of the diverter head, and the width of the contact position surface between the distribution head and the diverter head is greater than the width of the diverter head; a sampling hole is provided on the distribution surface of the distribution head away from one end of the diverter head.

[0023] Specifically, one end of the lower surface of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to a fixing frame, the transverse tube is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, a connecting pipe is connected to one side of the middle of the transverse tube, a control valve is provided in the middle of the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is connected to a fertilizer storage box at one end away from the transverse tube.

[0024] Specifically, the hose is a polyether PU steel wire hose, which is composed of inner and outer rubber layers and a middle layer of steel wire.

[0025] Specifically, an adjusting part is fixedly connected to the top of the diverter hollow plate, and the top of the adjusting part is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting frame through an electric control push rod. A nozzle is fixedly provided on the end of the diverter head, and multiple nozzles are fixedly connected by connecting rods. The nozzle is in contact with the side wall of the distribution head, and the nozzle is projected in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface with the distribution head and is placed in the same direction projection of the distribution head.

[0026] Specifically, the bottom of the dialing head is in a triangular pyramid shape, and the two side surfaces are arc-shaped surfaces. The angle between the side inclined surfaces contacting the dialing surface on both sides of the dialing head and the dialing surface is 120°.

[0027] Specifically, the sampling hole extends to the side of the side slope, and the diameter of the sampling hole on the surface of the distribution surface is larger than the diameter of the sampling hole extending to the surface of the side slope;

[0028] Specifically, the angle between the inverted slope and the side slope on both sides of the side surface of the distribution head close to the nozzle is 120°.

[0029] Specifically, a connecting frame is provided at one end of the mounting frame away from the horizontal tube, a winding roller is rotatably provided in the middle of the connecting frame, a film is wound around the outer wall of the winding roller, the coating roller is placed below the winding roller, and the coating roller is rotatably connected to the connecting frame.

[0030] Specifically, the sampling holes are arranged at equal intervals, and the vertical distance between two adjacent sampling holes is 5 cm.

[0031] Specifically, the end of the diverter head can be connected to a fertilizer leakage pipe, and the fertilizer leakage pipe is cylindrical.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the invention: The method and device for improving the stability of soil microbial communities in sandy black soil farmland described in the invention, compared with the prior art, can achieve the reduction of soil deep layer bulk density through the distributor head, and at the same time can slow down the soil gathering to the middle after the distributor head moves, so as to avoid affecting the depth of fertilizer application and causing inaccurate detection results. It can also protect the fertilizer nozzle, and can also play a role in sampling and retaining samples through the holes opened during fertilization. When fertilization is needed, it can still be used for sampling, and soils at different depths can be sampled, which is convenient for subsequent detection of bacterial communities in the soil; at the same time, fertilization is carried out through the device, and the sandy black soil is sampled and tested while the soil bulk density is reduced. After the test, the pH value of the acidic soil is improved by adding superphosphate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device for improving the stability of soil microbial communities in sandy black soil farmland provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Axis view of

[0037] Figure 4 It is the position diagram of the connecting frame and the winding roller of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a connection diagram of the electric control push rod and the adjusting member of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a connection diagram of the diverter hollow plate and the diverter head of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the distribution head of the present invention;

[0042] Fig. 9 The robustness and composition stability of the co-occurrence network of soil bacteria and fungi communities under NF, NR, WS, CM and NPK treatments of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.10 Analysis of the impact of seasonal changes in fertilization on the vulnerability of microbial communities in the present invention;

[0044] Fig.11Analysis of the contribution of soil bulk density and pH to the composition of microbial communities in the present invention.

[0045] In the figure: 1. Fertilizer storage box; 11. Mounting frame; 12. Fixed frame; 2. Horizontal pipe; 21. Hose; 22. Control valve; 23. Connecting pipe; 3. Diverter hollow plate; 31. Sprinkler; 32. Connecting rod; 33. Diverter head; 34. Electric push rod; 36. Adjustment member; 4. Diverter head; 41. Diverter surface; 42. Side slope; 43. Sampling hole; 44. Reverse slope; 45. Arc surface; 6. Connecting frame; 61. Winding roller; 62. Laminating roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0047] Embodiment 1:

[0048] like Figure 1-Figure 11 As shown, the device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy ginger black soil farmland of the present invention comprises a fertilizer storage box 1 and a mounting frame 11.

[0049] A transverse pipe 2, the transverse pipe 2 is placed below the fertilizer storage box 1, the transverse pipe 2 is arranged horizontally, and one of the transverse pipes 2 is connected to a plurality of hoses 21 at equal distances along the outer wall;

[0050] A flow-dividing hollow plate 3, the flow-dividing hollow plate 3 is placed below the transverse pipe 2, and the flow-dividing hollow plate 3 is inclined at 60 degrees, the flow-dividing hollow plate 3 is hollow, and a plurality of hoses 21 extend from one end away from the transverse pipe 2 into the flow-dividing hollow plate 3;

[0051] A plurality of flow splitters 33 are extended from one end of the flow splitter hollow plate 3 away from the hose 21, and the adjacent flow splitters 33 are in an arc shape;

[0052] The dividing head 4 is fixedly connected to one side of the diverter head 33, and the width of the contact position between the dividing head 4 and the diverter head 33 is greater than the width of the diverter head 33; the dividing surface 41 of the dividing head 4 away from one end of the diverter head 33 is provided with a sampling hole 43.

[0053] When conducting field tests with different fertilizer treatments, the present invention first selects soils under five treatments, including no fertilization (NF), no fertilization and no tillage (NR), inorganic fertilizer (NPK), wheat straw return to the field + inorganic fertilizer (WS) and cow dung compost + inorganic fertilizer (CM), for microbial community stability analysis, and then conducts soil quality parameter analysis. The soil quality includes 18 indicators, including soil pH, 0-25 cm stratified bulk density, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial carbon and nitrogen, soil anoxic respiration, bacterial and fungal Shannon index, species richness, soluble organic carbon, NH4N, etc. First, the environmental factors significantly related to the stability of the microbial community are screened by the Mantel test, including soil 15-20 cm bulk density, bacterial Shannon index, pH, soluble organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen content.

[0054] When applying fertilizer, it is placed in the fertilizer storage box 1 and connected to a tractor. The waste in the fertilizer storage box 1 will enter the horizontal pipe 2. The horizontal pipe 2 is in a shaking state during the fertilization process, and the waste inside will flow out through the hose 21. Granular mineral fertilizers and liquid fertilizers can be applied in the fertilizer storage box 1, and the fertilizer flows out through multiple hoses 21 for fertilization. During the fertilization process, the distributor 4 enters the soil, and the sampling hole 43 set on one side thereof will allow the soil to enter the sampling hole 43 during the forward movement. After the fertilization is completed, it is convenient and quick to take out the soil in the sampling hole 43 for sampling. Sampling can also be performed through the distributor 4 in different seasons, and the distributor 4 can simultaneously take soil of different depths. At the same time, multiple distributors 4 can also take soil samples from multiple positions. When fertilizing, deep plowing and deep turning can be used to improve the soil bulk density of 15-20 cm and reduce the soil bulk density of 15-20 cm, thereby promoting the stability of the soil microbial community.

[0055] The diverter head 33 can make the fertilizer fall more evenly. The width of the contact position between the diverter head 4 and the diverter head 33 is set larger than the width of the diverter head 33, and the diverter head 33 can be protected by the metal diverter head 4.

[0056] Specifically, one end of the lower surface of the mounting frame 11 is fixedly connected to a fixing frame 12, the transverse tube 2 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 12, a connecting pipe 23 is connected to one side of the middle of the transverse tube 2, a control valve 22 is provided in the middle of the connecting pipe 23, and the connecting pipe 23 is connected to the fertilizer storage box 1 at one end away from the transverse tube 2.

[0057] The connecting pipe 23 allows the waste in the fertilizer storage box 1 to smoothly enter the transverse pipe 2. At the same time, the speed of the fertilizer outflow can be controlled by the setting of the control valve 22. Especially when liquid fertilizer is applied, the amount of fertilizer applied can be controlled by controlling the flow rate.

[0058] Specifically, the hose 21 is a polyether PU steel wire hose, which is composed of inner and outer rubber layers and a middle layer of steel wire.

[0059] Among them, the polyether PU steel wire hose is mainly composed of inner and outer layers of rubber and a middle layer of steel wire, and has the characteristics of high elasticity, wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance; it is usually used in occasions that need to withstand higher pressure and wear. During the sowing process, whether it is liquid or granular, the mobile machinery drives the hose 21 to shake during the movement, and the waste can flow out from the inside.

[0060] Specifically, an adjusting member 36 is fixedly connected to the top of the diverter hollow plate 3, and the top of the adjusting member 36 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting frame 11 through an electric control push rod 34. A nozzle 31 is fixedly provided at the end of the diverter head 33, and multiple nozzles 31 are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 32. The nozzle 31 contacts the side wall of the distribution head 4, and the nozzle 31 is projected in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the nozzle and the distribution head 4 and is placed in the same direction projection of the distribution head 4.

[0061] By setting the nozzle 31, during liquid fertilizer application, the fertilizer can be sprayed to a preset depth of the soil, wherein the nozzle 31 is projected perpendicularly to the contact surface with the distributor head 4 and is placed within the projection of the distributor head 4 in the same direction, so that the distributor head 4 can protect the nozzle 31.

[0062] Specifically, the bottom of the dialing head 4 is in a triangular pyramid shape, and the two side surfaces are arc-shaped surfaces 45 . The angle between the side inclined surfaces 42 contacting the dialing surface 41 on both sides of the dialing head 4 and the dialing surface 41 is 120°.

[0063] The bottom of the dispensing head 4 is in a triangular cone shape and can quickly displace the soil. In the test field, the soil is turned over and broken before fertilization. The arc surfaces 45 on both sides of the dispensing head 4 can guide the soil to facilitate the burial of the fertilizer. The angle between the side inclined surfaces 42 on both sides of the dispensing surface 41 of the dispensing head 4 and the dispensing surface 41 is 120°, which is the best dispensing angle.

[0064] Specifically, the sampling hole 43 extends to the side of the side slope 42, and the diameter of the sampling hole 43 placed on the surface of the distribution surface 41 is larger than the diameter of the sampling hole 43 extending to the surface of the side slope 42;

[0065] The angle between the inverted slope 44 and the side slope 42 on both sides of the side surface of the distribution head 4 close to the nozzle 31 is 120°.

[0066] The included angle between the inverted slope 44 and the side slope 42 on both sides of the side of the distributor 4 close to the nozzle 31 is 120°. After the inverted slope 44 pushes the soil to both sides, the soil will move toward the middle along the inverted slope 44 to cover the fertilizer. The included angle of 120° between the inverted slope 44 and the side slope 42 can prevent the soil from moving too fast toward the middle and blocking the bottom of the nozzle 31. At the same time, it may cause insufficient spraying depth of the liquid fertilizer and affect the detection results.

[0067] Specifically, a connecting frame 6 is provided at one end of the mounting frame 11 away from the cross tube 2, a winding roller 61 is rotatably provided in the middle of the connecting frame 6, a film is wound around the outer wall of the winding roller 61, the coating roller 62 is placed below the winding roller 6, and the coating roller 62 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 6.

[0068] After fertilization, a film is wrapped around the outer wall of the winding roller 61 to cover the surface of the soil that has just been fertilized, so as to reduce the volatilization of the fertilizer. At the same time, the film is brought into contact with the ground through the coating roller 62, so that the water evaporated from the soil can condense into water at the bottom and then drip into the soil again, thereby reducing the volatilization of the fertilizer and maintaining the moisture of the soil.

[0069] Specifically, the sampling holes 43 are arranged at equal intervals, and the vertical distance between two adjacent sampling holes 43 is 5 cm.

[0070] The sampling holes 43 are arranged equidistantly so that soil samples at different depths can be taken simultaneously during sampling, wherein the vertical distance between two adjacent sampling holes 43 is optimally 5 cm.

[0071] Specifically, the end of the diverter head 33 can be connected to a fertilizer leakage pipe, and the fertilizer leakage pipe is cylindrical.

[0072] When fertilizing with granular fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied through the fertilizer leakage pipe, which can be replaced conveniently and quickly according to different waste materials.

[0073] The present invention also provides a method for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland, the method comprising the following steps:

[0074] S1. Fertilizing with a fertilizing device to reduce the soil bulk density while sampling and testing the sand ginger black soil, and improving the pH value of the acidic soil by adding superphosphate after the test;

[0075] S2. Calculate the network stability of bacterial and fungal communities using co-occurrence networks, use principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of multiple indicators, and select indicators with significant principal components;

[0076] S3, using fuzzy membership function to evaluate the obtained soil quality and eliminate the unit differences between different indicators;

[0077] S4. The robustness, fragility, and stability of community composition of the co-occurrence network are used to measure the stability of the microbial community structure.

[0078] After sampling, bacterial and fungal OTU tables were used to construct microbial co-occurrence networks for each treatment in winter, spring, and summer. For each season and fertilization treatment, six samples were used to construct the network. In order to reduce the complexity of the data, rare OTUs (relative abundance of OTUs less than 0.01%) in all treatments were removed. The co-occurrence networks of bacterial and fungal communities were calculated using the "cluster network" and based on the Spearman correlation with r values ​​>0.8 or <-0.8 and significance level <0.01, all networks were scale-free networks according to the classification criteria. The number of nodes, the number of edges (PL: positive links, NL: negative links), connectivity (C), average clustering coefficient (ACC), degree of centralization (CD), network diameter (ND), relative modularity (RM), and average degree of above eigenvalues ​​were selected to measure the shared network.

[0079] Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimension of multiple indicators, and indicators with significant principal components (eigenvalues ​​and scoring values ​​> 10%) were selected. Then, the obtained SQI evaluation was standardized using the fuzzy membership function to eliminate the unit differences between different indicators. Two parabolic and s-shaped equations were selected for soil indicator standardization. Among them, soil pH was calculated using formula (1), and other data were calculated using formula (2):

[0080]

[0081] Where F(Xi) is the value of each quality index, Xmax and X represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the soil index, respectively, and the pH values ​​of X01 and X02 are 6.0 and 8.0, respectively.

[0082] For the SQI area method, the calculation is performed using formula (3):

[0083] (3)

[0084] Where n is the number of parameters used in the SQI, the quality index shows the ability of a particular type of soil to sustain plant growth. The SQI is divided into three parts: (1) physical properties, including soil water content and bulk density; (2) chemical properties, including pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soluble organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, etc.; (3) biological properties, including microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, microbial Shannon diversity and species richness.

[0085] The stability of the microbial co-occurrence network was measured using the robustness, fragility, and stability of the community composition of the network. The robustness (R) of the network was evaluated by the percentage of species remaining after a certain species was reduced. The reduction of species was achieved by randomly eliminating a certain percentage of nodes or hubs. The calculation method is as follows:

[0086] (4)

[0087] where b j is the relative abundance of species i, P ij is the Pearson correlation coefficient between species i and species j. For the robustness of the microbial community, a value of 0 means that the association of all species is eliminated. In the above case, node i is considered extinct and eliminated. The calculation continues until the stable values ​​of all species are > 0.

[0088] Community vulnerability (CV) indicates how quickly the consequences of an ecological event spread through part or all of a network, and is usually characterized by the maximum vulnerability V of a node in the network:

[0089]

[0090] where E is the global network efficiency and Ei represents the efficiency after removing node i and all its edges, and d(i, j) is the number of edges between node i and node j.

[0091] Community composition stability (CS) was used to evaluate the temporal changes in community structure over time and was calculated using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] Where v is the number of samples of the same process at multiple consecutive time points, S is the number of OTUs in the network, and y i，k Represents the abundance of OTU in a given sample. If the community structure does not change, the CS index is equal to 1, while the CS index is equal to 0 as the time point of the community structure is completely different.

[0094] Network co-occurrence analysis showed that seasons significantly changed the robustness and vulnerability of microbial bacterial and fungal communities (p < 0.05). Regarding the stability of bacterial community composition, NF, NR and CM treatments were significantly higher than WS and NPK, while the fungal composition stability of WS and NPK treatments was higher than that of other treatments.

[0095] The above results constitute the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the description in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving the stability of soil microbial communities in sandy ginger black soil farmland, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Fertilizing with a fertilizing device to reduce the soil bulk density while sampling and testing the sand ginger black soil, and improving the pH value of the acidic soil by adding superphosphate after the test; S2. Calculate the network stability of bacterial and fungal communities using co-occurrence networks, use principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of multiple indicators, and select indicators with significant principal components; S3, using fuzzy membership function to evaluate the obtained soil quality and eliminate the unit differences between different indicators; S4. The robustness, fragility, and stability of community composition of the co-occurrence network are used to measure the stability of the microbial community structure.

2. The method for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in S4 are as follows: The robustness R is calculated as follows: ， where b j is the relative abundance of species i, P ij is the Pearson correlation coefficient between species i and species j; Community vulnerability indicates how quickly the consequences of an ecological event spread through part or all of a network, and is characterized by the maximum vulnerability V of a node in the network: ， Where E is the global network efficiency, E i represents the efficiency after removing node i and all its edges, d(i, j) is the number of edges between node i and node j, and n is the number of species of any microorganism; Community composition stability CS refers to the temporal changes in community structure over time and is calculated according to the following formula: ， Where V is the number of samples of the same process at multiple consecutive time points, S is the number of OTUs in the network, and y i，k Indicates the abundance of OTU k in a given sample.

3. A device for improving the stability of soil microbial communities in sandy black soil farmland, applicable to the method for improving the stability of soil microbial communities in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 2, comprising a fertilizer storage box (1) and a mounting frame (11), characterized in that: Also includes: A transverse pipe (2), the transverse pipe (2) being placed below the fertilizer storage box (1), the transverse pipe (2) being arranged horizontally, and one of the transverse pipes (2) being connected to a plurality of hoses (21) at equal distances along the outer wall; A flow-dividing hollow plate (3), the flow-dividing hollow plate (3) being placed below the transverse tube (2) and being inclined at 60°, the flow-dividing hollow plate (3) being hollow, and a plurality of hoses (21) extending from one end of the transverse tube (2) to the inside of the flow-dividing hollow plate (3); A plurality of flow diverter heads (33) extend from one end of the diverter hollow plate (3) away from the hose (21), and adjacent flow diverter heads (33) are in an arc shape; A distribution head (4), the distribution head (4) being fixedly connected to one side of the flow dividing head (33), the width of the surface at which the distribution head (4) and the flow dividing head (33) are in contact being greater than the width of the flow dividing head (33); and a sampling hole (43) is provided on a distribution surface (41) of the distribution head (4) at one end away from the flow dividing head (33).

4. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fixing frame (12) is fixedly connected to one end of the lower surface of the mounting frame (11), the transverse pipe (2) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (12), a connecting pipe (23) is connected to one side of the middle of the transverse pipe (2), a control valve (22) is provided in the middle of the connecting pipe (23), and an end of the connecting pipe (23) away from the transverse pipe (2) is connected to the fertilizer storage box (1).

5. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hose (21) is a polyether PU steel wire hose, which is composed of inner and outer rubber layers and a middle layer of steel wire.

6. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 5, characterized in that: An adjusting member (36) is fixedly connected to the top of the diverter hollow plate (3), and the top of the adjusting member (36) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the mounting frame (11) via an electric control push rod (34); a nozzle (31) is fixedly provided at the end of the diverter head (33), and a plurality of nozzles (31) are fixedly connected via a connecting rod (32); the nozzles (31) are in contact with the side wall of the distribution head (4), and the nozzles (31) are projected in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface between the nozzles and the distribution head (4) and are placed within the projection of the distribution head (4) in the same direction.

7. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the distribution head (4) is in the shape of a triangular cone, and the two side surfaces are arc-shaped surfaces (45). The angle between the side inclined surfaces (42) contacting the distribution surface (41) on both sides of the distribution head (4) and the distribution surface (41) is 120°.

8. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sampling hole (43) extends to the side of the side slope (42), and the diameter of the sampling hole (43) placed on the surface of the distribution surface (41) is larger than the diameter of the sampling hole (43) extending to the surface of the side slope (42).

9. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 8, characterized in that: The angle between the inverted inclined surface (44) and the side inclined surface (42) on both sides of a side surface of the distribution head (4) close to the nozzle (31) is 120 degrees.

10. The device for improving the stability of soil microbial community in sandy black soil farmland according to claim 9, characterized in that: A connecting frame (6) is provided at one end of the mounting frame (11) away from the transverse tube (2), a winding roller (61) is rotatably provided in the middle of the connecting frame (6), a film is wound around the outer wall of the winding roller (61), a coating roller (62) is provided below the winding roller (6), and the coating roller (62) is rotatably connected to the connecting frame (6).

Images