Beam forming method for time delay compensation of mathematical multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a time delay compensation beam forming method for a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna, which comprises the following steps of: taking a beam pointing point of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna as a reference point, and according to a beam activation angle of a digital multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna, carrying out time delay compensation on the digital multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna; obtaining the maximum time delay of the wave beam in the wave beam activation area and the time delay of each array element in the wave beam activation area; according to the maximum time delay of the wave beam in the wave beam activation area and the time delay of each array element in the wave beam activation area, respectively obtaining time delay compensation values of all array elements in the wave beam activation area; and according to the time delay compensation values of all the array elements in the wave beam activation area, completing the wave beam synthesis of the digital multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna. The method can meet the requirement for broadband signal beam forming, is simple, reliable and convenient to implement, and can meet the requirement for consistency of space time delays in all directions of digital multi-beam spherical phased-array antenna beam forming in engineering practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of spherical phased array antennas, and in particular to a beam synthesis method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] Digital multi-beam spherical phased array antennas can track and control multiple space targets simultaneously due to their multi-beam working mode and full airspace coverage technical advantages. In recent years, they have received increasing attention in the research of new antennas and have become a hot area of ​​new antenna research.

[0003] A key technical challenge in the design of digital multi-beam phased array antennas is how to achieve digital beamforming. Traditional digital multi-beam phased array antennas generally form beams by compensating for the phase differences between activated antenna elements. This phase-difference-compensating beamforming method is only suitable for narrowband signals. For wideband signals, due to the impact of transit time, beamforming also requires compensating for the delay differences between the transmit and receive signals of each element in the phased array antenna. Unlike planar arrays, mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antennas lack a unified reference point, so consistency in spatial delay compensation for spatial targets in all directions must be considered. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a beam synthesis method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna.

[0005] The present invention discloses a beam synthesis method for time delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, which includes:

[0006] Taking the beam pointing point of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as the reference point and the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area are obtained;

[0007] Obtaining delay compensation values ​​for all array elements in the beam activation area according to the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area;

[0008] According to the time delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area, the beam synthesis of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed, that is, the beam synthesis of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed.

[0009] Furthermore, obtaining the maximum delay of the beam within the beam activation area and the delay of each array element within the beam activation area according to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes:

[0010] According to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area is obtained. Then, with the beam pointing point as the reference point, the delay of each array element in the beam activation area is obtained according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinate values ​​of the array elements in the beam activation area.

[0011] Furthermore, obtaining the maximum delay of a beam within the beam activation area according to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes:

[0012] The path difference at the boundary point of the beam activation area is the largest. The path difference at the boundary point is calculated based on the beam activation angle; based on the path difference at the boundary point, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area is calculated.

[0013] Furthermore, the path difference ΔZ at the boundary point of the beam activation area is calculated by the following formula: max :

[0014] ΔZ max =RR cosΦ max

[0015] Where R is the radius of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, Φ max is the beam activation angle;

[0016] The maximum delay τ of the beam within the beam activation area max for:

[0017]

[0018] Where c is the speed of light.

[0019] Furthermore, taking the beam pointing point as a reference point and obtaining the time delay of each array element in the beam activation area according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinate values ​​of the array elements in the beam activation area includes:

[0020] Any array element Z within the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna h The time delay is based on the beam pointing point as the reference point, according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point (x0, y0, z0) and the array element Z h The coordinates (x h ,y h , z h ) to calculate the hth element Z in the beam activation area h The time delay Δτ h ; The value range of h is 1 to n, where n is the total number of array elements in the beam activation area;

[0021] The vector from the center of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna to the beam pointing point is the same as the vector from the center of the sphere to the array element Z. h The angle Φ between the vectorsh ; According to the angle Φ h Calculate array element Z h The path difference Δz h , and then get the array element Z h The time delay Δτ h .

[0022] Furthermore, the angle Φ h The calculation formula is:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, (x0, y0, z0) is the coordinate of the beam pointing point, (x h ,y h , z h ) is the array element Z h coordinates of

[0025] Calculate the array element Z by the following formula h The path difference Δz h :

[0026]

[0027] Calculate the array element Z by the following formula h The time delay Δτ h :

[0028]

[0029] Where c is the speed of light.

[0030] Furthermore, obtaining the delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area according to the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area includes:

[0031] The hth array element Z in the beam activation area is calculated by the following formula h The delay compensation value τ h :

[0032] τ h =τ max -Δτ h

[0033] Among them, τ max The maximum delay of the beam within the beam activation area.

[0034] Furthermore, the beam synthesis of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed according to the delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area, including:

[0035] The following formula is used to calculate the transmit and receive composite beam signals of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, S 合成 (t) is the composite signal of all array elements in the beam activation area of ​​the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, S 阵元h (t) is the transmit and receive signal of the hth array element in the activation area, τ h Array element Z in the beam activation area h The delay compensation value is , and n is the total number of array elements in the beam activation area.

[0038] Furthermore, the beam pointing point is the intersection of the array surface of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna and the beam pointing point; the beam activation area is: with the center of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as the vertex, the beam pointing point as the central axis, and the angle with the central axis as the beam activation angle Φ max The cone of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna intersects a circular area, and the beam activation angle Φ max It is the angle between the incoming wave direction of the array element on the boundary of the beam activation area and the normal line of the array element.

[0039] Furthermore, the array elements within the beam activation area participate in beam synthesis, while the array elements outside the beam activation area do not participate in beam synthesis.

[0040] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0041] 1. The present invention is simple to implement, consumes few resources, and reduces system design costs. The present invention does not require complex circuitry and is relatively simple to implement. It utilizes existing system equipment, eliminating the need for additional equipment. It also implements a delay-compensated beamforming algorithm through software algorithms, facilitating automated operation and reducing system design costs.

[0042] 2. The present invention can meet the needs of broadband signal beamforming, is simple, reliable and easy to implement, and can meet the system requirements for consistent directional delays in spherical phased array antenna beamforming, making it easy to design a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna system that meets the index requirements in engineering practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of activation of beam pointing of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of calculating the maximum path difference and the maximum delay difference according to the range of the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the time delay difference of array elements within the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of calculating the delay difference of array elements within the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of calculating the delay compensation of array elements within the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] See Figure 1 ,like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the beam pointing is the ray from the center of the spherical array (digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna) to the target; the beam pointing point is the intersection of the spherical array surface and the beam pointing. The beam activation area is: with the center of the sphere as the vertex, the beam pointing as the central axis, and the angle with the central axis as the fixed beam activation angle Φ max The circular area obtained by the intersection of the cones on the spherical array surface, the beam activation angle Φ max is the angle between the incoming wave direction of the array element on the boundary of the beam activation area and the normal line of the array element. max Depending on the design specifications of digital multi-beam spherical phased array antennas, the angle is generally between 30 and 60 degrees. Antenna elements within the active area of ​​the beam point participate in the beamforming process, while antenna elements outside the active area do not participate in the beamforming process.

[0051] See Figure 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the beam pointing point is taken as the reference point to calculate the delay of the array element. Since the path difference at the boundary point of the activation area is the largest in the beam activation area, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area can be calculated based on the maximum path difference. As shown in the figure, the maximum path difference ΔZ in the beam activation areamax for:

[0052] ΔZ max =RR cosΦ max

[0053] Where R is the radius of the spherical array surface, Φ max is the beam activation angle.

[0054] The maximum delay of the beam τ max for:

[0055]

[0056] Where c is the speed of light.

[0057] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 ,like Figure 3 As shown, any element Z in the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna h The time delay is also based on the pointing point of the beam as the reference point, according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point (x0, y0, z0) and the array element Z h The coordinates (x h ,y h , z h ) to calculate the array element Z h The time delay Δτ h .

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the vector from the center of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna to the beam pointing point is the same as the vector from the center of the sphere to the array element Z. h The angle Φ between the vectors h Calculated according to the following algorithm:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, (x0, y0, z0) is the coordinate of the beam pointing point, (x h ,y h , z h ) is the array element Z h 's coordinates.

[0061] Element Z h The path difference Δz h Calculated according to the following algorithm:

[0062]

[0063] Element Z h The time delay Δτ h Calculated according to the following algorithm:

[0064]

[0065] Where c is the speed of light.

[0066] See Figure 5 ,like Figure 5 As shown, the final obtained beam activation area is the array element Z h The delay compensation value τ h Calculate according to the following algorithm:

[0067] τ h =τ max -Δτ h

[0068] After obtaining the delay compensation of the array elements within the beam activation area according to the above calculation method, the beamforming algorithm of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna based on the delay compensation is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, S 合成 (t) is the composite signal of all array elements in the beam activation area of ​​the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, S 阵元h (t) is the transmit and receive signal of the hth array element in the activation area, and n is the total number of array elements in the beam activation area.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A beam synthesis method for mathematical delay compensation of multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, characterized in that: include: Taking the beam pointing point of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna as the reference point and according to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area are obtained; According to the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area, the delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area are obtained respectively; The beam synthesis of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is completed according to the delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area.

2. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area according to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna includes: According to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area is obtained. Then, taking the beam pointing point as the reference point, according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinate values ​​of the array elements in the beam activation area, the delay of each array element in the beam activation area is obtained.

3. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the maximum delay of a beam in a beam activation area according to the beam activation angle of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna comprises: The path difference at the boundary point of the beam activation area is the largest. According to the beam activation angle, the path difference at the boundary point is calculated; according to the path difference at the boundary point, the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area is calculated.

4. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The path difference ΔZ at the boundary point of the beam activation area is calculated by the following formula max : ΔZ max =R-RcosΦ max Where R is the radius of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, Φ max is the beam activation angle; The maximum delay τ of the beam within the beam activation area max for: Where c is the speed of light.

5. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of taking the beam pointing point as a reference point and obtaining the time delay of each array element in the beam activation area according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point and the coordinate values ​​of the array elements in the beam activation area includes: Any array element Z within the beam activation area of ​​the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna h The time delay is based on the beam pointing point as the reference point, according to the coordinates of the beam pointing point (x0, y0, z0) and the array element Z h The coordinates (x h ,y h ,z h ) to calculate the hth array element Z in the beam activation area h The time delay Δτ h ; The value range of h is 1 to n, where n is the total number of array elements in the beam activation area; The vector from the center of the multi-beam spherical phased array antenna to the beam pointing point is the same as the vector from the center of the sphere to the array element Z. h The angle Φ of the vector h ; According to the angle Φ h Calculate array element Z h The path difference Δz h , and then get the array element Z h The time delay Δτ h .

6. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Angle Φ h The calculation formula is: Among them, (x0, y0, z0) are the coordinates of the beam pointing point, (x h ,y h ,z h ) is the array element Z h The coordinates of The array element Z is calculated by the following formula h The path difference Δz h : The array element Z is calculated by the following formula h The time delay Δτ h : Where c is the speed of light.

7. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area according to the maximum delay of the beam in the beam activation area and the delay of each array element in the beam activation area comprises: The hth array element Z in the beam activation area is calculated by the following formula h The delay compensation value τ h : t h =t max -Dt h Among them, τ max The maximum delay of the beam within the beam activation area.

8. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of completing the beam synthesis of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to the delay compensation values ​​of all array elements in the beam activation area includes: The receive and transmit synthetic beam signals of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna are calculated by the following formula: Among them, S 合成 (t) is the composite signal of all array elements in the beam activation area of ​​the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, S 阵元h (t) is the transmit and receive signal of the hth array element in the activation area, τ h The array element Z in the beam activation area h The delay compensation value is n, and n is the total number of array elements in the beam activation area.

9. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The beam pointing point is the intersection of the array surface of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna and the beam pointing point; the beam activation area is: the center of the sphere of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is the vertex, the beam pointing point is the central axis, and the angle with the central axis is the beam activation angle Φ max The cone of the mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna intersects a circular area, and the beam activation angle Φ max It is the angle between the incoming wave direction of the array element on the boundary of the beam activation area and the normal line of the array element.

10. The beam synthesis method for delay compensation of a mathematical multi-beam spherical phased array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The array elements within the beam activation area participate in beam synthesis, while the array elements outside the beam activation area do not participate in beam synthesis.

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