Over-limit coal gangue detecting and crushing device and method for crushing station and crushing station

Abstract

The invention discloses an over-limit coal gangue detecting and crushing device for a crushing station, which comprises a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprises a roller, the surface of the roller is provided with protruding cutting teeth, and the roller is installed above a crushing roller of a crusher and is used for cutting off the cutting teeth when over-limit coal gangue exists on the crusher. The crushing roller serves as a fixed fulcrum of the overrun coal gangue, and the cutting teeth complete cutting and crushing of the overrun coal gangue through rolling. The device is simple in structure and reasonable in layout, crushing station damage caused by long-time blocking of large gangues is effectively prevented, the coal conveying efficiency is guaranteed, modular adding can be conducted on existing equipment, the structure of an existing crushing station does not need to be changed, and good economic benefits are achieved. The invention further provides an over-limit coal gangue detecting and crushing method for the crushing station and the crushing station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to an over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device and method for a crushing station and a crushing station. Background Art

[0002] Existing crushing equipment generally includes a conveyor in front of the crushing station (or a heavy plate conveyor) and a crushing device (or a crusher) of the crushing station. The coal flow is transported to the crusher for crushing through the conveyor in front of the crushing station. If large pieces of coal gangue (or coal gangue that exceeds the maximum size that the crusher can crush and causes blockage, or over-limit coal gangue) are produced during the blasting stage due to unreasonable blasting parameter settings and other factors, they will be stuck at the crushing port of the crusher, affecting the crushing effect and even causing equipment shutdown.

[0003] At present, a Chinese patent application (application number CN202410065613.7) discloses a rock drilling and splitting machine and a construction method, which relates to the technical field of tunneling equipment. The application mainly drives a breaker to hammer large rocks. The bucket gathers the rocks to the bottom of the scraper feeder, and the crushed rocks are sent to the rear of the machine through the scraper. The machine and the construction method simplify the process of hard rock excavation and improve the rock drilling efficiency. However, the application uses a breaker to crush large rocks. This method is suitable for single large rocks, and has high requirements for operating space. The environment where the rock is located should be in a wide area. For this reason, it is not suitable for crushing large pieces of coal gangue in the crushing station.

[0004] A Chinese patent application (application number CN202410007478.0) discloses a transportation device for metal mining. The application sets a crushing device to crush large pieces of material, and then transports them through a conveyor, which can avoid the belt depression caused by excessive local pressure on the conveyor caused by large pieces of ore, thereby improving the service life of the device. However, although the device can achieve the crushing of large pieces of material, it only moves the crusher forward and does not substantially solve the problems faced by the crushing station. It still cannot detect and deal with large pieces of coal gangue in time, which will cause damage to the crushing station.

[0005] A Chinese patent application (application number CN202311791371.1) discloses a pre-crushing device for sorting gangue, which can pre-crush and preliminarily separate the mixture of gangue and coal, solving the problem that the density of the mixture of gangue and coal is uncertain and the heavy medium separation cannot be performed. At the same time, the device can separate large pieces of gangue in advance to prevent large pieces of gangue from entering the heavy medium separation machine, causing a large load on the machine operation. However, the device cannot be combined with the crushing station of the open-pit coal mine, and the crushing strength of the device does not meet the use requirements, and it is also impossible to identify the gangue. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The device has a simple structure and a reasonable layout, effectively preventing damage to the crushing station caused by long-term blockage of large gangue, ensuring the efficiency of coal transportation, and can be added modularly on existing equipment without changing the existing crushing station structure, which has good economic benefits. The present invention also provides an over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing method for a crushing station and a crushing station.

[0007] The present invention provides an over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station, comprising a crushing mechanism, wherein the crushing mechanism comprises a roller, and the surface of the roller is provided with protruding picks. The roller is installed above the crushing roller of the crusher and is used for using the crushing roller as a fixed fulcrum for the over-limit coal gangue when over-limit coal gangue exists on the crusher, so that the picks complete the cutting and crushing of the over-limit coal gangue by rolling.

[0008] Furthermore, a spiral line with the center axis of the drum as the axial direction and surrounding the outer surface of the drum is set as the arrangement trajectory, and a plurality of picks are provided, and each pick is distributed on the arrangement trajectory.

[0009] Furthermore, the picks are in a conical structure and are evenly distributed along the arrangement trajectory, and the spacing between adjacent picks is 10 mm to 30 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station also includes a detection mechanism and a control system. The detection mechanism is installed on the crusher body or on a heavy plate conveyor for conveying coal flow to the crusher, and is used to detect the coal gangue situation. The control system is electrically connected to the crushing mechanism, the detection mechanism, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher, respectively, and is used to determine whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue situation detected by the detection mechanism, and to control the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher to stop when there is over-limit coal gangue, and to control the crushing mechanism to start, and to control the crushing mechanism to stop and reset after the crushing mechanism completes crushing.

[0011] Furthermore, the detection mechanism includes a disc vibrometer, a laser rangefinder and an image recognition module, the disc vibrometer is used to detect gangue vibration data, the laser rangefinder is used to detect gangue size data, the image recognition module is used to determine whether the crusher has a blocking fault through image recognition, and the control system is used to determine whether the first requirement is met according to the gangue vibration data, and to determine whether the second requirement is met according to the gangue size data; and, when both the first requirement and the second requirement are met, it is determined that there is over-limit gangue, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism is controlled to start; and, when the first requirement or the second requirement is met, the image recognition module is controlled to perform image recognition, and when the crusher has a blocking fault, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism is controlled to start.

[0012] Furthermore, the detection mechanism also includes a support frame, which is arranged astride the heavy plate conveyor. There are n laser rangefinders, all of which are installed on the support frame, and the detection ends are all facing the heavy plate conveyor below, for detecting the first to nth data of the size of the coal gangue. The control system determines whether the second requirement is met based on the maximum value among the first to nth data.

[0013] Furthermore, the disc vibrator includes a vibrator body, a host and an optical fiber. The vibrator body is installed on the crusher and connected to the host through the optical fiber. The vibrator body is used to emit light through its own laser light source and receive the light signal after Rayleigh scattering, and then transmit the light signal to the host through the optical fiber. The host is used to convert the light signal into an electrical signal, and then obtain the input characteristic value after the electrical signal is processed by a set method. A neural network module is provided in the control system, which is used to determine whether there is a stacking fault according to the input characteristic value, and determine whether the first requirement is met when there is a stacking fault.

[0014] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism also includes a lifting drive member and a rotary drive member, the lifting drive member is installed on the crusher, the rotary drive member is installed on the top of the lifting drive member, the roller is connected to the driving end of the rotary drive member, and the control system controls the rotary drive member to drive the roller to rotate when the crushing mechanism is started, and controls the lifting drive member to drive the roller to descend to a set position.

[0015] Furthermore, the setting position is specifically that the minimum distance d0 between the pick at the lowest point of the drum and the teeth of the crushing roller is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher. max location.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for detecting and crushing over-limit coal gangue for a crushing station, using the above-mentioned over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station, the method comprises the following steps:

[0017] The testing agency detects the coal gangue situation;

[0018] The control system determines whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue conditions detected by the detection agency;

[0019] When there is excessive coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor and crusher are stopped, and the crushing mechanism is started;

[0020] After the crushing mechanism completes the crushing, the crushing mechanism is controlled to stop and reset.

[0021] Furthermore, the detection mechanism detects the coal gangue situation, which specifically includes:

[0022] Detection of gangue vibration data;

[0023] Detect the size data of coal gangue;

[0024] Image recognition determines whether the crusher has a material blocking fault;

[0025] The control system determines whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue situation detected by the detection mechanism; when there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism is controlled to start, specifically including:

[0026] Determine whether the first requirement is met based on the gangue vibration data;

[0027] Determine whether the second requirement is met based on the coal gangue size data;

[0028] When both the first requirement and the second requirement are met, it is determined that there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism is controlled to start;

[0029] When the first requirement or the second requirement is met, and image recognition determines that the crusher has a material blocking fault, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism is controlled to start.

[0030] Furthermore, when there is excessive coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor and the crusher are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism is controlled to start, specifically including:

[0031] Control the rotation of the drum;

[0032] Control the roller to descend to the set position.

[0033] Furthermore, the setting position is specifically that the minimum distance d0 between the pick at the lowest point of the drum and the teeth of the crushing roller is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher. max location.

[0034] The present invention also provides a crushing station of a ground production system of an open-pit mine, comprising at least two stages of crushing stations, each stage of the crushing station comprising a heavy plate conveyor, a crusher and the above-mentioned over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station, the heavy plate conveyor being used to convey coal flow to the crusher, and the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station being used to detect and crush over-limit coal gangue in the coal flow.

[0035] The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station of the present invention can be used to crush large pieces of coal gangue (i.e., over-limit coal gangue) that may cause blockage and shutdown of the crusher. Its crushing mechanism uses a roller with cutting teeth to roll to achieve cutting and crushing of the over-limit coal gangue. Different from the conventional crushing method, the crushing mechanism of the present invention is not a separately separated device, but the roller is directly arranged above the roller pair of the crusher, and the crushing roller is used as a fixed fulcrum for the over-limit coal gangue, which is cut and crushed by rolling.

[0036] This structural setting can firstly be added modularly to the existing equipment (crusher) without changing the existing crushing station structure, and can also be quickly copied and promoted for use, which has good economic benefits; further, it is precisely because the drum is directly used in combination with the crushing roller of the crusher, rather than a separated device, so when faced with large pieces of over-limit coal gangue, there is no need to use material separation equipment, mobile grabbing equipment, etc. to transfer the large pieces of coal gangue to the crushing mechanism for crushing, which reduces the equipment investment cost while reducing the overall space occupied by the equipment. More importantly, it eliminates the steps of separation, grabbing and moving, reduces the cumbersomeness of the large-piece coal gangue crushing operation process, avoids equipment downtime, and improves the crushing work efficiency; in addition, the drum is arranged above the crushing roller, with a reasonable layout. The crushing roller serves as a fixed fulcrum for cutting and crushing, and the support reaction force provided is stable and reliable, with a high surface strength. When squeezed by coal gangue, it can also provide reverse assistance for cutting and crushing, and it is precisely because of this feature that the drum can use more powerful power for cutting and crushing, thereby further improving the crushing work efficiency and effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism of the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a detection mechanism of an over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the layout position of the over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the method for detecting and crushing over-limit coal gangue in a crushing station in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1. Crushing mechanism; 11. Roller; 111. Cylinder; 112. Connecting shaft; 12. Pick; 13. Lifting drive; 131. Secondary telescopic column; 132. Support platform; 133. Bearing seat; 14. Rotary drive; 141. Motor; 142. Reducer; 2. Detection mechanism; 21. Disc vibrometer; 211. Vibrometer body; 212. Main machine; 213. Optical fiber; 22. Laser rangefinder; 23. Support frame; 231. Support frame; 232. Support cross frame; 3. Heavy plate conveyor; 4. Crusher; 5. Over-limit coal gangue. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience and simplification of the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connect", "set", "install", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station of this embodiment includes a crushing mechanism 1, and the crushing mechanism 1 includes a roller 11. The surface of the roller 11 is provided with protruding picks 12. The roller 11 is installed above the crushing roller of the crusher 4. When over-limit coal gangue exists on the crusher 4, the crushing roller is used as a fixed fulcrum for the over-limit coal gangue, and the picks 12 complete the cutting and crushing of the over-limit coal gangue by rolling.

[0048] The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for crushing stations of this embodiment can be used in the field of material crushing in crushing stations. "Over-limit" gangue refers to large pieces of gangue that exceed the maximum size that can be crushed by the crusher 4 and may cause blockage of the crusher 4. The device crushes large pieces of gangue that may cause the crusher to stop due to blockage. Its crushing mechanism 1 uses a roller 11 with cutting teeth 12 to roll to cut and crush the over-limit gangue. Different from the conventional crushing method, the crushing mechanism 1 of this embodiment is not a separate device, but the roller 11 is directly set above the roller pair of the crusher, and the crushing roller is used as a fixed fulcrum for the over-limit gangue, and the over-limit gangue is cut and crushed by rolling.

[0049] This structural setting can first be modularly added to the existing equipment (crusher) without changing the existing crushing station structure, and can also be quickly copied and promoted for use, with good economic benefits; further, it is precisely because the drum 11 is directly used in combination with the crushing roller of the crusher, rather than a separated device, so when faced with large pieces of over-limit coal gangue, there is no need to use material separation equipment, mobile grabbing equipment, etc. to transfer the large pieces of coal gangue to the crushing mechanism for crushing, which reduces the equipment investment cost while reducing the overall space occupied by the equipment. More importantly, it eliminates the steps of separation, grabbing and moving, reduces the cumbersomeness of the large-piece coal gangue crushing operation process, avoids equipment downtime, and improves the crushing work efficiency; in addition, the drum 11 is arranged above the crushing roller, with a reasonable layout, and cleverly uses the crushing roller of the crusher 4 itself as a fixed fulcrum for cutting and crushing. The support reaction force provided is stable and reliable, and the surface strength is high. When squeezed by coal gangue, it can also provide reverse assistance for cutting and crushing, and it is precisely because of this feature that the drum 11 can use more powerful power for cutting and crushing, thereby further improving the efficiency and effect of crushing.

[0050] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the cutting stability during the rock cutting process, a stable fulcrum needs to be provided at the crushing roller teeth below it, so during the operation of the crushing mechanism 1, the crusher 4 is in a stopped state, and the drum 11 moves by itself to avoid the gangue from being separated due to relative movement. In this embodiment, the crusher 4 adopts a roller structure of two crushing rollers, and the projection of the axis of the drum 11 on the horizontal plane is located at the middle seam of the rollers. The concave structure of the middle seam of the rollers can serve as a good fixed area for accommodating large pieces of coal gangue.

[0051] In this embodiment, a spiral line with the central axis of the drum 11 as the axial direction and surrounding the outer surface of the drum 11 is set as the layout trajectory, and a plurality of picks 12 are provided, and each pick 12 is distributed on the layout trajectory. The picks 12 are arranged in a spiral manner, which can disperse the load generated by the drum 11 during operation to a large extent, reduce the force borne by a single pick 12, and thus extend the service life of the pick 12. In addition, the spiral arrangement reduces the interference between adjacent picks 12, so that the picks 12 can continuously and efficiently enter the coal seam for cutting, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0052] In this embodiment, there are two or three spiral arrangement trajectories. This multi-spiral trajectory design can ensure the cutting efficiency while making the cutting head structure relatively simple, moderate in weight, and orderly in cutting. The pick 12 is a conical structure, and a universal component can be used. The sharp cutting edge of the conical structure can cut into the coal rock more easily, and the solid tooth body can withstand greater cutting force and impact force. The pick 12 is evenly distributed along the arrangement trajectory, and the spacing between adjacent picks 12 is 10mm to 30mm to ensure the continuity and efficiency of cutting. The pick 12 can be of two specifications of 30 mm and 35 mm (the diameter of the bottom surface of the cone) to avoid the pick 12 being too small in size, which may not be able to withstand a large cutting force, is easily damaged, and has a low cutting efficiency; and the pick 12 being too large in size may increase the cutting resistance, increase energy consumption, and may not be able to adapt to some narrow cutting environments. The distance between adjacent picks 12 (i.e., the cut line spacing) is between 10mm and 30mm (not the center distance, but the minimum spacing between the outer surfaces), so that the cutting performance of the pick 12 is better. This distance range can be appropriately adjusted according to the coal rock properties, cutting thickness and the required cutting effect. In this embodiment, a reasonable distance range can make the picks 12 coordinate with each other during the cutting process, reduce cutting resistance, improve cutting efficiency, and reduce dust generation, avoiding the overlap of rock damage areas between the picks 12 due to too small spacing, which ultimately leads to excessive crushing and increased energy consumption, and also avoiding the presence of rock ridges between the picks 12 due to too large spacing, which reduces the cutting performance of the picks 12 and increases the risk of damage to the picks 12.

[0053] In this embodiment, the proportional relationship between the diameter of the drum 11 and the diameter of the cutting teeth 12, the pitch of the spiral line, etc. can be determined according to the specific cutting requirements, coal and rock properties, and equipment design parameters to ensure that the cutting teeth 12 can fully utilize the rotational force of the drum 11 during the cutting process to improve the cutting efficiency.

[0054] The pick 12 can be made of high-strength alloy steel to ensure that it remains stable and durable under high stress and impact loads. This material selection enables the pick 12 to work continuously and efficiently. The main components of the pick 12, such as the cutter head and blade, are designed to be replaceable (for example, the cutter head and blade are detachably connected using fasteners such as bolts), which is convenient for maintenance and updating, reduces the cost of use, and is also convenient for quickly adjusting the pick configuration according to actual needs. The working principle of the cutting of the pick 12 combines the dual effects of impact and cutting. By dynamically adjusting the motion parameters (such as pressure and speed) (according to the feedback value of the gangue), it can achieve precise matching with the degree of gangue crushing. This dynamic adaptability is the key to the pick being able to continuously provide efficient crushing effects.

[0055] In this embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station also includes a detection mechanism 2 and a control system. The detection mechanism 2 is installed on the crusher 4 body or on the heavy plate conveyor 3 used to convey coal flow to the crusher 4, and is used to detect the coal gangue situation. The control system is electrically connected to the crushing mechanism 1, the detection mechanism 2, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 respectively, and is used to determine whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue situation detected by the detection mechanism 2, and to control the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 to stop when there is over-limit coal gangue, and to control the crushing mechanism 1 to start, and to control the crushing mechanism 1 to stop and reset after the crushing mechanism 1 completes crushing.

[0056] A detection mechanism 2 is set on the crusher 4 or the heavy plate conveyor 3. The structural layout is reasonable and conforms to the direction of coal flow. It can timely detect over-limit (i.e., large size that may cause blockage and shutdown) coal gangue before the coal flow enters the crusher 4 and when it reaches the crusher 4, so as to cut and crush it, thereby preventing large pieces of gangue from clogging for a long time and causing damage to the crushing station.

[0057] In this embodiment, the detection mechanism 2 includes a disc vibrometer 21, a laser rangefinder 22 and an image recognition module. The disc vibrometer 21 is used to detect the vibration data of coal gangue, the laser rangefinder 22 is used to detect the size data of coal gangue, and the image recognition module is used to determine whether the crusher 4 has a blocking fault through image recognition. The control system is used to determine whether the first requirement is met according to the vibration data of the coal gangue, and to determine whether the second requirement is met according to the size data of the coal gangue; and, when both the first requirement and the second requirement are met, it is determined that there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start; and, when the first requirement or the second requirement is met, the image recognition module is controlled to perform image recognition, and when the crusher 4 has a blocking fault, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start.

[0058] This method uses laser ranging and fiber optic vibration measurement to perform dual identification of large pieces of coal gangue, which can make a more accurate identification of large pieces of coal gangue. It can not only detect large pieces of coal gangue in time, reduce the possibility of damage to the crushing station caused by blockage and shutdown, and protect the safety of equipment, but also avoid false alarms caused by failure of a single detection component, avoiding losses caused by incorrect shutdown.

[0059] The detection mechanism 2 further includes a support frame 23, which is arranged above the heavy plate conveyor 3. The laser rangefinder 22 is provided with n pieces, all of which are installed on the support frame 23, and the detection ends are all facing the heavy plate conveyor 3 below, for detecting the first data to the nth data of the size of the gangue. The control system determines whether the second requirement is met according to the maximum value among the first data to the nth data. In this embodiment, two laser rangefinders 22 are provided. In other embodiments, three or more laser rangefinders 22 can be provided depending on specific working conditions such as the coal flow processing volume and the width of the heavy plate conveyor 3. The support frame 23 includes a vertical support frame 231 and a horizontal support cross frame 232. The support frame 231 is flange-connected and installed on both sides of the conveyor (i.e., the heavy plate conveyor 3) in front of the crushing station, and the flange bolts are connected to the support cross frame 232 above it; the left and right laser rangefinders 22 are bolted and installed on both sides of the support cross frame 12. Since the shapes and sizes of gangue vary, the distance measurement at a single position cannot accurately determine the actual size of the gangue. Therefore, in order to better determine the size of the gangue, the two laser rangefinders 22 are used to comprehensively measure and take the maximum value to determine the size of the gangue. The laser rangefinder 22 specifically emits a pulsed laser, and then measures the time difference between the emission and the reception to obtain the stacking height of the gangue at this time, thereby determining the size of the gangue in the height direction. The control system takes the maximum value of the gangue size and compares it with the threshold h. When the stacking height reaches the threshold h, the control system outputs a signal 1 (i.e., the control system determines that the second requirement is met), otherwise it is 0.

[0060] In this embodiment, the disc vibrator 21 includes a vibrator body 211, a host 212 and an optical fiber 213. The vibrator body 211 is installed on the crusher 4 and connected to the host 212 through the optical fiber 213. The vibrator body 211 is used to emit light through its own laser light source, and receive the light signal after Rayleigh scattering, and then transmit the light signal to the host 212 through the optical fiber 213. The host 212 is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then obtain the input characteristic value after the electrical signal is processed by a set process. A neural network module is provided in the control system, which is used to determine whether there is a stacking fault according to the input characteristic value, and determine whether the first requirement is met when there is a stacking fault.

[0061] The disc vibrator 21 is adsorbed on the side of the crusher 4 by a strong magnet. The interior of the vibrator is actually made of a coiled optical fiber 213 (which is then led out to the host 212). The optical signal is transmitted to the host 212 through the Rayleigh scattering principle. If there is a blockage of over-limit coal gangue 5 on site, an abnormal vibration response will be generated. The abnormal signal can be transmitted to the host 212 for analysis through the phase change of the optical signal, and then it can be determined whether there are large pieces of over-limit coal gangue.

[0062] Specifically, the host 212 controls the vibrometer body 211 to emit narrowband pulse light through its own laser light source. After Rayleigh scattering, the host 212 receives the optical signal again and converts it into an electrical signal. In this process, the abnormal sound vibration transmits the dynamic change of the intensity of the Rayleigh scattered light to the host 212 through the optical fiber 213. The host 212 obtains the time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and envelope of the electrical signal through pre-processing operations such as noise reduction and filtering (i.e., setting processing). Figure 4 Class features (i.e., input feature values), use the four types of feature values ​​as the input end of the neural network (neural network module of the control system), and continuously train and test the neural network (a neural network module that has been trained and tested for multiple cases can be used). If it is determined that a stacking failure occurs at this time, the module outputs a signal 1 (i.e., the control system determines that the first requirement is met), otherwise it is 0.

[0063] In this embodiment, the control system can use PLC to control the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 to stop, and can also connect to a control background or other platform that is convenient for manual viewing to facilitate alarm. The image recognition module includes a camera arranged above the crusher 4, which is used to obtain images. Specifically, electronic image recognition can be used to achieve recognition, or manual image recognition can be used.

[0064] Combined with the above content, such as Figure 4 As shown, if the comprehensive judgment output signal in the control system is 2 (that is, when the first requirement and the second requirement are met), the control system determines that a large piece of coal gangue blocking fault occurs at this time, and the alarm information is reported to the platform and the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are stopped through the PLC control; when the output signal is 1 (that is, when the first requirement or the second requirement is met), the control system issues an early warning on the platform. At this time, the staff uses the camera above the crusher 4 to check whether there is a blocking fault. If a blocking fault occurs, it will be stopped immediately and the crushing mechanism 1 will be started (an instruction can be sent to the control system by setting a button).

[0065] In this embodiment, after the crushing mechanism 1 is started, when the outer dimension D of the coal gangue is smaller than the maximum crushing dimension D of the crusher roller teeth (or the maximum crushing dimension D of the crusher 4), max It can be considered that the crushing mechanism 1 has completed the crushing, so the minimum distance d0 between the pick 12 at the lowest point of the drum 11 and the crushing roller teeth is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher 4 max When the roller 11 drops to the set position (i.e., the roller 11 drops to the set position), the gangue has met the above conditions, and the crushing mechanism 1 can be controlled to stop and reset. The reset position is the initial position of the crushing mechanism 1, which is based on the position where the roller 11 does not interfere with the normal passage of gangue into the crusher 4, and can be selected according to actual conditions. After the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to stop and reset, the crusher 4 and the heavy plate conveyor 3 can be controlled to restart according to actual conditions.

[0066] In other embodiments, another laser rangefinder may be used to detect the size of the coal gangue crushed by the drum 11, so that when the outer size of the coal gangue is smaller than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher 4, max When the roller 11 is reset, the control system can be used to control the roller 11 to reset.

[0067] In this embodiment, the crushing mechanism 1 further includes a lifting drive 13 and a rotary drive 14. The lifting drive 13 is mounted on the crusher 4, and the rotary drive 14 is mounted on the top of the lifting drive 13. The drum 11 is connected to the driving end of the rotary drive 14. When the control system controls the crushing mechanism 1 to start, it controls the rotary drive 14 to drive the drum 11 to rotate at a set speed, and controls the lifting drive 13 to drive the drum 11 down to a set position. The lifting and lowering method of the lifting drive 13 can not only prevent the drum 11 from interfering with the feeding of the crusher 4 under normal working conditions, but also can drive the drum 11 down to a position where it can be crushed in time when large pieces of coal gangue appear.

[0068] There are two groups of lifting drive members 13, both of which include a secondary telescopic column 131, a support platform 132 and a bearing seat 133; there are two groups of rotary drive members 14, both of which include a motor 141 and a reducer 142. The drum 11 includes a cylinder 111 and a connecting shaft 112, and the connecting shaft 112 is inserted into the cylinder 111.

[0069] The secondary telescopic column 131 can realize lifting operation through the built-in secondary telescopic oil cylinder. Its lower end is connected to the side bolts of the crusher 4 through a flange, and the upper end is connected to the support platform 132 with a flange bolt. Two sets of secondary telescopic columns 131 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the crusher 4; the lower end of the bearing seat 133 is fixedly connected to the support platform 132 through a flange, and the two ends of the connecting shaft 112 are matched and installed in the middle of the left and right bearing seats 133; the cylinder 111 and the connecting shaft 112 are connected by a key to realize synchronous rotation, and the cylinder 111 is equipped with a pick 1 2; one end of the reducer 142 is flange-connected to the motor 141, and the other end is flange-connected to the bearing seat 133. The output shaft of the motor 141 is connected to the input shaft of the reducer 142, and the output shaft of the reducer 142 is connected to the connecting shaft 112. The motor 141 and the reducer 142 realize high-torque drive of the drum 11, and the large-block over-limit coal gangue 5 can be crushed by rotating cutting and coordinating lifting and extrusion. The drum cutting and crushing mechanism is adopted, and the two-stage hydraulic cylinder controls the cutting and lifting coal-breaking function. It has strong power, good crushing effect, and good adaptability to the size of the broken gangue. In this embodiment, the setting position is specifically that the minimum spacing d0 between the cutting teeth 12 at the lowest point of the drum 11 and the roller teeth of the crushing roller is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher 4. max location.

[0070] In this embodiment, the control system can adjust the downward pressure of the lifting drive 13 driving the roller 11 and the rotation speed of the rotary drive 14 driving the roller 11 according to the feedback force fed back by the gangue to the roller 11. When the feedback force increases, the downward pressure of the roller 11 is controlled to decrease and the rotation speed is reduced to avoid damage to the pick, and vice versa. The control system can also be adjusted according to the size change of the gangue, for example, the downward pressure of the roller 11 is controlled to decrease as the gangue is gradually crushed to avoid excessive crushing or energy waste. Generally speaking, the pressure of the roller 11 on the gangue should change in stages, with a large pressure at the beginning to quickly crush large gangue, and then gradually reduce to refine the crushing effect. The rotation speed of the roller 11 can be coordinated with the pressure change, with rapid rotation at the beginning to accelerate the crushing process, and appropriate deceleration in the later stage to ensure the quality of fine crushing. The motion parameters of the roller 11 should be closely related to the size of the gangue. For large gangue, a large pressure and a faster speed are required for crushing; while for small gangue, the pressure and speed should be appropriately reduced to avoid excessive crushing.

[0071] In general, this embodiment provides an intelligent detection, cutting and crushing device for large (over-limit) coal gangue in a crushing station, and provides a crushing method in Example 2. The crushing mechanism mainly includes a two-stage telescopic column 131, a support platform 132, a bearing seat 133, a motor 141, a reducer 142 and a drum 11 mechanism. A drum cutting type gangue crushing mechanism is adopted, and the cutting and lifting are controlled by a two-stage hydraulic cylinder to realize the crushing of large pieces of coal gangue, thereby improving the crushing capacity; the detection mechanism 2 mainly includes a support frame 231, a support horizontal frame 232, an upper laser rangefinder 22 and a disc vibrator 21. It can solve the problem that the crushing station cannot work normally due to large pieces of coal gangue caused by unreasonable blasting parameter settings at open-pit coal mines. It uses laser ranging and optical fiber vibration measurement methods to double-identify large pieces of coal gangue, and accurately identify over-limit coal gangue 5 to prevent large pieces of gangue from blocking the crushing station for a long time and causing damage to the crushing station; it adopts a drum cutting gangue breaking mechanism, and a two-stage hydraulic cylinder controls the cutting, lifting and breaking of coal, which enhances the powerful crushing effect and size adaptability; it can be modularly added to the existing equipment without changing the existing crushing station structure, and can be quickly copied and promoted for use, with good economic benefits.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing method for a crushing station of this embodiment adopts the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station in Example 1, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0074] Testing agency 2 detects the coal gangue situation;

[0075] The control system determines whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue situation detected by the detection mechanism 2;

[0076] When there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start;

[0077] After the crushing mechanism 1 completes the crushing, the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to stop and reset.

[0078] In this embodiment, the detection mechanism 2 detects the gangue situation, which specifically includes:

[0079] Detection of gangue vibration data;

[0080] Detect the size data of coal gangue;

[0081] Image recognition determines whether there is a material blocking fault in the crusher 4;

[0082] The control system determines whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue situation detected by the detection mechanism 2; when there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start, specifically including:

[0083] Determine whether the first requirement is met based on the gangue vibration data;

[0084] Determine whether the second requirement is met based on the coal gangue size data;

[0085] When both the first requirement and the second requirement are met, it is determined that there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start;

[0086] When the first requirement or the second requirement is met, and the image recognition determines that the crusher 4 has a material blocking fault, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start.

[0087] In this embodiment, when there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism 1 is controlled to start, specifically including:

[0088] Control the rotation of the drum 11;

[0089] The control drum 11 is lowered to a set position.

[0090] In this embodiment, the setting position is specifically that the minimum distance d0 between the pick 12 at the lowest point of the drum 11 and the teeth of the crushing roller is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher 4. max location.

[0091] like Figure 4 As shown, in combination with the device in Example 1, after the method of this embodiment is used in a crusher, the working process can be specifically described as the following steps:

[0092] Step 1: Install the components of the crushing mechanism 1, the laser rangefinder 22, the disc vibrator 21, etc. to the designated positions of the crusher 4 and the heavy plate conveyor 3;

[0093] Step 2: Start the heavy plate conveyor 3, crusher 4 and detection mechanism 2;

[0094] Step 3: The host 212 controls the vibrometer body 211 to emit narrow-band pulse light through its own laser light source. After Rayleigh scattering, the host 212 receives the optical signal again and converts it into an electrical signal. During this process, the abnormal sound vibration will transmit the dynamic change of the intensity of the Rayleigh scattered light to the host 212 through the optical fiber 213. The host 212 obtains the time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and envelope of the electrical signal through pre-processing operations such as noise reduction and filtering (i.e., setting processing). Figure 4 Class features (i.e., input feature values), use the four class feature values ​​as the input end of the neural network (neural network module of the control system), and continuously train and test the neural network (a neural network module that has been trained and tested for multiple cases can be used). If it is determined that a stacking fault occurs at this time, the module outputs a signal 1 (i.e., the control system determines that the first requirement is met), otherwise it is 0;

[0095] Step 4: The laser rangefinder 22 emits a pulsed laser and measures the time difference between the emission and the reception to obtain the stacking height of the gangue at this time, thereby determining the size of the gangue in the height direction. The control system compares the maximum value of the gangue size with the threshold. When the stacking height reaches the threshold, the control system outputs a signal 1 (i.e., the control system determines that the second requirement is met), otherwise it outputs a signal 0;

[0096] Step 5: If the comprehensive judgment output signal in the control system is 2 (that is, when both the first requirement and the second requirement are met), the control system determines that a large piece of coal gangue blocking fault occurs at this time, and the alarm information is reported to the platform and the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 are stopped through the PLC control; when the output signal is 1 (that is, when the first requirement or the second requirement is met), the control system issues an early warning on the platform, and the staff uses the camera above the crusher 4 to check whether there is a blocking fault. If blocking occurs, the crushing mechanism 1 is immediately stopped and started (a command can be sent to the control system by setting a button);

[0097] Step 6: Start the large-piece gangue crushing mechanism 1, that is, start the motor 141 to drive the drum 11 to rotate, and further adjust the height range of the drum 11 by controlling the secondary telescopic column 131 to achieve cutting and crushing of the large-piece gangue 5.

[0098] Step 7: The crushing mechanism 1 returns to the initial position, and the heavy plate conveyor 3 and the crusher 4 continue to operate normally.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] The crushing station of the surface production system of the open-pit mine of this embodiment includes at least two phases of crushing stations (a first phase crushing station and a second phase crushing station, which can be further set up as the case may be). Each phase of the crushing station includes a heavy plate conveyor 3, a crusher 4 and the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station in Example 1. The heavy plate conveyor 3 is used to convey the coal flow to the crusher 4, and the over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for the crushing station is used to detect and crush the over-limit coal gangue in the coal flow.

[0101] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station, characterized in that: The invention comprises a crushing mechanism (1), wherein the crushing mechanism (1) comprises a roller (11), and a surface of the roller (11) is provided with protruding picks (12). The roller (11) is installed above the crushing roller of the crusher (4) and is used to use the crushing roller as a fixed fulcrum for the over-limit coal gangue when there is over-limit coal gangue on the crusher (4), so that the pick (12) can cut and crush the over-limit coal gangue by rolling.

2. The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arrangement trajectory is set to be a spiral line with the central axis of the drum (11) as the axial direction and surrounding the outer surface of the drum (11). A plurality of picks (12) are provided, and each pick (12) is distributed on the arrangement track.

3. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The picks (12) are in a conical structure and are evenly distributed along the arrangement track, and the spacing between adjacent picks (12) is 10 mm to 30 mm.

4. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a detection mechanism (2) and a control system, The detection mechanism (2) is installed on the crusher (4) body or on a heavy plate conveyor (3) for conveying coal flow to the crusher (4) and is used to detect the coal gangue situation. The control system is electrically connected to the crushing mechanism (1), the detection mechanism (2), the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) respectively, and is used to determine whether there is over-limit coal gangue according to the coal gangue situation detected by the detection mechanism (2), and, When there is excessive coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to start. And after the crushing mechanism (1) completes crushing, the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to stop and reset.

5. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The detection mechanism (2) comprises a disc vibrometer (21), a laser rangefinder (22) and an image recognition module. The disc-type vibration detector (21) is used to detect vibration data of coal gangue. The laser rangefinder (22) is used to detect the size data of coal gangue. The image recognition module is used to determine whether the crusher (4) has a material blocking fault through image recognition. The control system is used to determine whether the first requirement is met based on the gangue vibration data, and to determine whether the second requirement is met based on the gangue size data; and, When both the first requirement and the second requirement are met, it is determined that there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to start; and, When the first requirement or the second requirement is met, the image recognition module is controlled to perform image recognition, and when a material blocking fault occurs in the crusher (4), the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to start.

6. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The detection mechanism (2) further comprises a support frame (23), The support frame (23) is arranged above the heavy plate conveyor (3). The laser rangefinders (22) are provided in n numbers, all mounted on a support frame (23), with detection ends all facing the heavy plate conveyor (3) below, and are used to detect first to nth data of the size of the coal gangue. The control system determines whether the second requirement is met according to the maximum value among the first data to the nth data.

7. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The disk-type vibrometer (21) comprises a vibrometer body (211), a host (212) and an optical fiber (213). The vibration detector body (211) is installed on the crusher (4) and connected to the host (212) via an optical fiber (213). The vibrometer body (211) is used to emit light through a laser light source carried by the vibrometer body, receive light signals after Rayleigh scattering, and then transmit the light signals to a host computer (212) through an optical fiber (213). The host (212) is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then process the electrical signal to obtain an input characteristic value. The control system is provided with a neural network module for determining whether there is a stacking fault according to an input characteristic value, and determining that the first requirement is met when there is a stacking fault.

8. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism (1) further comprises a lifting drive member (13) and a rotary drive member (14). The lifting drive member (13) is installed on the crusher (4). The rotary drive member (14) is mounted on the top of the lifting drive member (13). The roller (11) is connected to the driving end of the rotary driving member (14). The control system controls the crushing mechanism (1) to start by controlling the rotary drive component (14) to drive the roller (11) to rotate, and controls the lifting drive component (13) to drive the roller (11) to descend to a set position.

9. The over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to claim 8, characterized in that: The setting position is specifically that the minimum distance d0 between the pick (12) at the lowest point of the drum (11) and the teeth of the crushing roller is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher (4). max location.

10. A method for detecting and crushing over-limit coal gangue for a crushing station, characterized in that: Using the over-limit gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to any one of claims 4 to 9, the method comprises the following steps: The testing agency (2) tests and obtains the coal gangue situation; The control system determines whether there is excessive coal gangue according to the coal gangue condition detected by the detection mechanism (2); When there is excessive coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to start; After the crushing mechanism (1) completes crushing, the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to stop and reset.

11. The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing method for a crushing station according to claim 10, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (2) detects the coal gangue situation, which specifically includes: Detection of gangue vibration data; Detect the size data of coal gangue; Image recognition determines whether the crusher (4) has a material blocking fault; The control system determines whether there is excessive gangue according to the gangue condition detected by the detection mechanism (2); when there is excessive gangue, the control system controls the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) to stop, and controls the crushing mechanism (1) to start, specifically including: Determine whether the first requirement is met based on the gangue vibration data; Determine whether the second requirement is met based on the coal gangue size data; When both the first requirement and the second requirement are met, it is determined that there is over-limit coal gangue, the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to start; When the first requirement or the second requirement is met, and image recognition determines that the crusher (4) has a material blocking fault, the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) are controlled to stop, and the crushing mechanism (1) is controlled to start.

12. The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing method for a crushing station according to claim 10, characterized in that: The method of controlling the heavy plate conveyor (3) and the crusher (4) to stop when there is excessive coal gangue, and controlling the crushing mechanism (1) to start, specifically includes: Controlling the rotation of the drum (11); The control roller (11) is lowered to a set position.

13. The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing method for a crushing station according to claim 12, characterized in that: The setting position is specifically that the minimum distance d0 between the pick (12) at the lowest point of the drum (11) and the teeth of the crushing roller is not greater than the maximum crushing size D of the crusher (4). max location.

14. A crushing station for surface production system of open-pit mine, characterized by: The invention comprises at least two stages of crushing stations, each stage of the crushing station comprises a heavy plate conveyor (3), a crusher (4) and an over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device for a crushing station according to any one of claims 1 to 9, The heavy plate conveyor (3) is used to convey the coal flow to the crusher (4). The over-limit coal gangue detection and crushing device used in the crushing station is used to detect and crush over-limit coal gangue in the coal flow.

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