Method and device for efficiently assisting radish single-plant seed reservation by osmia

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a method and device for efficiently assisting radish single-plant seed reservation by osmia, and the method comprises the following steps: building a greenhouse, arranging a single-plant mesh enclosure in the greenhouse, and arranging small honeycombs in the single-plant mesh enclosure; radish seed plants are planted in the single-plant mesh enclosure; putting osmia into the small honeycombs, and sealing the single net cover; after the osmia is put and before pollination is finished, the single-plant mesh enclosure is in a sealed state, and drip fertilization and temperature adjustment are carried out according to the growth condition of radish seed plants; after pollination is completed, the osmia is recycled and stored; after radish plants bear seeds, the seeds are harvested and stored. According to the radish single plant selfing pollination technology, the radish single plant selfing pollination technology capable of effectively reducing the radish single plant selfing cost and improving the seed quality is formed through the technical means of a special facility greenhouse, a multifunctional small honeycomb, a net cover convenient to fold and unfold and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular relates to a method and a device for efficiently using wall bees to assist in preserving seeds of individual radishes. Background Art

[0002] Most radish breeding materials have a high degree of natural self-incompatibility, so when self-pollinating to save seeds, artificial bud pollination is often used. However, artificial pollination has problems such as high labor costs, large demand, unstable personnel, and poor pollination quality, which has become a bottleneck in the process of radish germplasm creation.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a method and device for efficiently using wall bees to assist in preserving seeds on individual radish plants to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for efficiently preserving seeds of radish individual plants by using wall bees to solve the above problems, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the self-pollination cost of individual radish plants, improving seed quality and completely replacing artificial pollination.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme: a method for efficiently using wall bees to assist in preserving seeds of radish single plants, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A greenhouse is built and a single-plant net cover is set in the greenhouse, and a small beehive is set in the single-plant net cover;

[0007] Planting radish seedlings in individual net enclosures;

[0008] Place the Osmia bees into the small hive and seal the single beehive with a mesh cover;

[0009] After the release of the wall bees until the end of pollination, the single-plant net cover is in a sealed state, and drip irrigation, fertilization and temperature adjustment are carried out according to the growth of the radish seeds.

[0010] After pollination is completed, the Osmia bees are recovered and preserved;

[0011] After the radish seed plants set seeds, the seeds are harvested and stored.

[0012] According to the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants assisted by high-efficiency wall bees of the present invention, the step of planting radish seed plants in a single-plant net cover comprises:

[0013] Two to three radish seedlings from the same breeding material are planted in single-plant nets. After bolting, one healthy plant is retained in each single-plant net and the rest are cleared out of the single-plant nets.

[0014] According to the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants with the aid of high-efficiency wall bees, the steps of placing wall bees into a small beehive and sealing the single-plant net cover include:

[0015] Clean the flowers and pods on the radish seed plants, tie the radish seed plants to the supporting rods of the small beehive, put the wall bee cocoons that have been treated with pest control drugs into the small beehive, and then seal the single plant with a mesh cover.

[0016] Based on the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants assisted by efficient wall bees of the present invention, the pests and diseases controlled by drugs include downy mildew, aphids and diamondback moth, and the time of drug control is 8-10 days before release.

[0017] According to the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants assisted by high-efficiency wall bees, 10 wall bee cocoons are placed in each small beehive.

[0018] According to the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants with the assistance of high-efficiency wall bees of the present invention, during the pollination process, radish seed plants with low self-pollination seeding rate are sprayed with physiological saline and melatonin;

[0019] When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 28℃, open the ventilation curtain to cool down, and when the temperature is lower than 15℃, close the ventilation curtain to heat up;

[0020] When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 32℃, cover the shade net, and when the temperature is lower than 28℃, retract the shade net.

[0021] According to the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants with the assistance of high-efficiency wall bees of the present invention, the steps of recovering and preserving wall bees after pollination are completed include:

[0022] Take out the small beehives from the single-plant mesh cover and store them in a ventilated, dry and cool place. In early March of the following year, take out the wall bee cocoons, put them into a breathable container, and store them in a low temperature environment of 4℃ for later use.

[0023] According to the method for preserving seeds of radish individual plants with the assistance of high-efficiency wall bees of the present invention, after the radish seed plants are seeded, the steps of harvesting and preserving the seeds include:

[0024] On sunny days, open the net cover of each plant, cut off the tail flowers that do not produce pods, spray the radish plants with drugs to prevent and control diseases and pests, harvest when the siliques turn yellow, and thresh after drying for 3 days.

[0025] A device used in a method for efficiently preserving radish seeds in a single plant with the assistance of wall bees, wherein the single plant net cover is installed in a greenhouse through a cross bar, the single plant net cover comprises a hook, the hook is detachably installed on the cross bar, a first bracket square tube is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hook, a second bracket square tube is arranged below the first bracket square tube, a gauze is arranged on the outer sides of the first bracket square tube and the second bracket square tube, another first bracket square tube is arranged at the bottom end of the second bracket square tube, the gauze is arranged on the other first bracket square tube, a spray inlet for inserting a spray pipe is opened on the hook, and the spray end of the spray pipe is located in the gauze.

[0026] Based on a device used in a method for efficiently using wall bees to assist in preserving seeds of individual radishes, the small beehive comprises a box body and a mud box, the mud box is arranged at the bottom end of the box body, a plurality of honeycomb tubes are arranged inside the box body, a sunshade is arranged at the open end of the box body, the bottom of the outer wall of the mud box is detachably connected to a support rod by a binding rope, the mud box is provided with an upper and lower layer, the upper layer is used to hold mud, and the lower layer is used to hold water, one end of the cotton thread is arranged in the mud, and the other end is arranged in the water.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0028] The single-plant net cover of the present invention adopts an upper and lower split design, and cooperates with a batch mechanical retracting and releasing device, a drip irrigation device, and a single-plant internal spraying device to achieve standardized, batch, high-quality and efficient management. By setting up a small honeycomb, the amount of wall bees used for each radish plant is reduced by 50%, and the bee cocoons can be recovered at the same time. The amount of wall bee cocoons recovered by each small honeycomb can meet the use of wall bees in the second year, greatly reducing the cost of using wall bees. The use of the single-plant net cover, the spraying device, the integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation facilities, and the single-plant small honeycomb allows the radish single-plant wall bee-assisted pollination technology to completely replace the artificial single-plant bud pollination, and the seed production purity and yield are significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the closed state of the single-plant net cover of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the single plant net cover of the present invention in an open state;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single plant net cover of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a small honeycomb of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a side sectional view of the small honeycomb of the present invention.

[0035] Among them, 1. single plant mesh cover; 2. small honeycomb; 3. cross bar; 4. spray tube; 101. hook; 102. spray inlet; 103. first bracket square tube; 104. steel wire; 105. gauze; 106. second bracket square tube; 201. box; 202. sun visor; 203. honeycomb tube; 204. mud box; 205. binding rope; 206. support rod; 207. cotton thread. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a method for efficiently preserving seeds of radish single plants by using wall bees, comprising the following steps:

[0039] A greenhouse is constructed and a single-plant net cover 1 is arranged in the greenhouse, and a small beehive 2 is arranged in the single-plant net cover 1;

[0040] Planting radish seedlings in the single-plant net cover 1;

[0041] Place the Osmia bee into the small beehive 2 and seal the single-plant net cover 1;

[0042] After the wall bees are released until the pollination is completed, the single plant net cover 1 is in a sealed state, and drip irrigation, fertilization and temperature adjustment are performed according to the growth of the radish seed plants;

[0043] After pollination is completed, the Osmia bees are recovered and preserved;

[0044] After the radish seed plants set seeds, the seeds are harvested and stored.

[0045] Furthermore, the step of planting radish seedlings in the single-plant net cover 1 includes:

[0046] Two to three radish seedlings of the same breeding material are planted in the single-plant net cover 1. After bolting, one healthy plant is retained in each single-plant net cover 1, and the rest are cleared out of the single-plant net cover 1.

[0047] Furthermore, the steps of placing the Osmia bees into the small beehive 2 and sealing the single-plant net cover 1 include:

[0048] The flowers and pods on the radish seed plants are cleaned, and the radish seed plants are tied to the support rods 206 of the small honeycomb 2, and the wall bee cocoons that have been treated with pest control drugs are put into the small honeycomb 2, and then the single plant net cover 1 is sealed.

[0049] Furthermore, the pests and diseases that can be controlled by drugs include downy mildew, aphids, and diamondback moth, and the time for drug control is 8-10 days before release.

[0050] Furthermore, the number of cocoons of the wall bee placed in each small honeycomb 2 is 10.

[0051] Furthermore, during the pollination process, radish seed plants with low self-fertilization seed setting rates were sprayed with physiological saline and melatonin;

[0052] When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 28℃, open the ventilation curtain to cool down, and when the temperature is lower than 15℃, close the ventilation curtain to heat up;

[0053] When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 32℃, cover the shade net, and when the temperature is lower than 28℃, retract the shade net.

[0054] Further, the steps of recovering and preserving the Osmanthus bees after the pollination is completed include:

[0055] The small honeycombs 2 are taken out from the single-plant net cover 1 and stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place. In early March of the following year, the cocoons of the wall bees are taken out and placed in a breathable container and stored in a low temperature environment of 4°C for later use.

[0056] After the radish seed plants are pollinated, the motor lifts the second bracket square tube 106 with the built-in magnet to the top first bracket square tube 103 through the steel wire 104 on the single plant net cover 1, and then takes the small beehive 2 out of the single plant net cover 1 for centralized storage, and takes out the nest tubes in the small beehive 2 and places them in a ventilated, dry and cool place. Around the Waking of Insects in the second year, the bee cocoons in the nest tubes are taken out, put into a breathable paper bag, and stored in a 4°C refrigerator for later use.

[0057] Furthermore, after the radish seed plants are set, the steps of harvesting and preserving the seeds include:

[0058] On sunny days, open the single plant net cover 1, cut off the tail flowers that do not form pods, spray the radish seed plants with drugs to prevent and control diseases and insect pests, harvest the siliques when they turn yellow, and thresh them after drying for 3 days.

[0059] A device used in a method for efficiently preserving radish seeds in a single plant assisted by wall bees, wherein a single plant net cover 1 is installed in a greenhouse through a cross bar 3, the single plant net cover 1 comprises a hook 101, the hook 101 is detachably installed on the cross bar 3, a first bracket square tube 103 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hook 101, a second bracket square tube 106 is arranged below the first bracket square tube 103, a gauze 105 is arranged on the outer sides of the first bracket square tube 103 and the second bracket square tube 106, another first bracket square tube 103 is arranged at the bottom end of the second bracket square tube 106, the gauze 105 is arranged on the other first bracket square tube 103, a spray inlet 102 for penetrating a spray tube 4 is opened on the hook 101, and the spray end of the spray tube 4 is located in the gauze 105.

[0060] A magnet is disposed inside the second bracket square tube 106 to achieve magnetic adsorption between the first bracket square tube 103 and the second bracket square tube 106 .

[0061] Furthermore, the small honeycomb 2 includes a box body 201 and a mud box 204. The mud box 204 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 201. A plurality of honeycomb tubes 203 are arranged inside the box body 201. A sun visor 202 is arranged at the open end of the box body 201. The bottom of the outer wall of the mud box 204 is detachably connected to a support rod 206 through a binding rope 205. The mud box 204 is provided with an upper and lower layer. The upper layer is used to hold mud, and the lower layer is used to hold water. One end of the cotton thread 207 is arranged in the mud, and the other end is arranged in the water.

[0062] The embodiments of the present invention are compared with the prior art, which includes conventional single plant pollination and artificial bud pollination:

[0063] In the embodiment, the single-plant net cover 1 is a gauze cover with a height of 2 meters and a length and width of 1.5 meters. The gauze cover is provided with a zipper door, and a small honeycomb 2 is provided in the single-plant net cover 1;

[0064] For conventional single-plant pollination, a 2-meter-long and 1.5-meter-wide gauze bag is directly placed on the radish plant, and the upper end of the gauze is hung with a rope;

[0065] Pollination staff: two pollination workers with more than 5 years of experience in artificial bud pollination, pollinated for 8 hours a day, and pollinated 100 flowers per plant.

[0066] The radish material was the radish material W1006 with poor self-compatibility screened in the early stage. 20 plants were set for artificial bud stage pollination, and 100 plants were set for conventional single plant pollination and each treatment in the embodiment. Conventional single plant pollination, 30 cocoons were released for each single plant in the initial flowering stage, and 10 cocoons were supplemented after 20 days. In the embodiment, 10 cocoons were released in the initial flowering stage, and 5 cocoons were supplemented after 20 days.

[0067] Table 1 Comparison of yield, thousand-grain weight and seed purity of different pollination treatments

[0068]

[0069] Table 1 shows that compared with artificial bud stage pollination, the seed yield of the embodiment is 5.41 times that of the embodiment, the purity is increased by 6.7%, the seed production cost is reduced by 93.3%, and the thousand-grain weight is reduced by 2.6%. The artificial bud stage pollination has a low seed setting rate and more sufficient nutrient supply, so that the thousand-grain weight is higher than that of the embodiment.

[0070] Compared with conventional single-plant pollination, the seed yield is 1.90 times that of conventional single-plant pollination, the purity is increased by 12.9%, the thousand-grain weight is increased by 9.8%, and the seed production cost is increased by 11.7%. The net bag is directly put on the radish plant, the space inside the net is small, the activity of the wall bee is restricted, the pollination quality is affected, the radish flower is close to the gauze net and accepts external insect pollination, or the two nets are close to each other to cause cross pollination, resulting in reduced seed production purity, and the air permeability in the net is poor, and downy mildew is prone to occur, which is also one of the reasons for the low yield and thousand-grain weight. Therefore, in production, it is only used as an auxiliary means for a small number of single plants when the pollination amount is large during the artificial bud stage.

[0071] Table 2 Comparison of the cost of producing 100 radish seeds

[0072]

[0073] Table 2 shows that for artificial pollination, each worker costs 200 yuan per day, and it takes 9.5 days to pollinate 20 plants. The cost of artificial pollination by two workers is 3,800 yuan in total. The alcohol, cotton balls, sulfuric acid paper bags, and thumbtacks used for pollination cost about 40.5 yuan, which is equivalent to a total labor cost of 19,000 yuan for 100 plants, 202.5 yuan for materials, and a total cost of 19,202.5 yuan.

[0074] Conventional single-plant pollination: The mesh bag costs 15 yuan each, and based on a five-year lifespan, the annual cost is 3 yuan, with a total cost of 300 yuan. The hanging labor cost is 400 yuan. There are 3,000 wall bee cocoons in total, each costing 0.15 yuan, totaling 450 yuan, and the total cost is 1,150 yuan.

[0075] Embodiment, each mesh cover costs 34 yuan, which is calculated based on a 5-year service life, with an annual cost of 6.8 yuan, a total cost of 680 yuan, a hanging labor fee of 600 yuan, a small beehive cost of 25 yuan, which is calculated based on a 5-year service life, with an annual cost of 5 yuan, a nest tube cost of 1 yuan per year, 15 cocoons are placed in each net room of wall bee cocoons, and the average number of cocoons harvested in the net room beehive is higher than 15. Excluding the storage and nest tube costs, the cost of the 15 cocoons placed can be offset, and the total cost is 1,285 yuan.

[0076] The same processes such as planting and seed harvesting in the experiment are not included in this cost comparison. Although the cost of the embodiment is slightly higher than that of conventional single-plant pollination, it is much lower than artificial pollination, and the seed quality and purity are high, which can completely replace artificial bud pollination for large-scale production.

[0077] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0078] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently using wall bees to assist in preserving seeds of radish individual plants, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A greenhouse is constructed and a single-plant net cover (1) is arranged in the greenhouse, and a small beehive (2) is arranged in the single-plant net cover (1); Planting radish seedlings in the single-plant net cover (1); Place the Osmia bee into the small beehive (2), and seal the single-plant net cover (1); After the wall bees are released until the pollination is completed, the single-plant net cover (1) is in a sealed state, and drip irrigation, fertilization and temperature adjustment are performed according to the growth of the radish seed plants; After pollination is completed, the Osmia bees are recovered and preserved; After the radish seed plants set seeds, the seeds are harvested and stored.

2. The method for preserving seeds of radish plants by using efficient Osmanthus bees as aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of planting radish seedlings in the single-plant net cover (1) comprises: Two to three radish seedlings of the same breeding material are planted in a single-plant net cover (1). After bolting, one healthy plant is retained in each single-plant net cover (1), and the rest are cleared out of the single-plant net cover (1).

3. The method for preserving seeds of radish plants by using efficient Osmanthus bees as aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of placing the Osmia bees into the small beehive (2) and sealing the single-plant net cover (1) include: The flowers and pods on the radish seed plants are cleaned, and the radish seed plants are tied to the support rods (206) of the small beehive (2), and the wall bee cocoons that have been treated with pest control drugs are put into the small beehive (2), and then the single plant net cover (1) is sealed.

4. The method for preserving seeds of radish individual plants with the aid of efficient mash bees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pests and diseases that can be controlled by drugs include downy mildew, aphids, and diamondback moth. The time for drug control is 8-10 days before application.

5. The method for preserving seeds of radish individual plants with the aid of efficient mash bees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of cocoons of the wall bee placed in each small honeycomb (2) is 10.

6. The method for preserving seeds of radish individual plants with the aid of efficient wall bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the pollination process, radish seed plants with low self-pollination seed setting rates were sprayed with saline and melatonin; When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 28℃, open the ventilation curtain to cool down, and when the temperature is lower than 15℃, close the ventilation curtain to heat up; When the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 32℃, cover the shade net, and when the temperature is lower than 28℃, retract the shade net.

7. The method for preserving seeds of radish plants by using efficient Osmanthus bees as aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of recovering and preserving the Osmia bee after the pollination is completed include: The small honeycombs (2) are taken out from the single-plant net cover (1) and stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place. In early March of the following year, the cocoons of the wall bees are taken out and placed in a breathable container and stored in a low-temperature environment of 4°C for later use.

8. The method for preserving seeds of radish plants by using efficient Osmanthus bees as aid according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the radish seed plants are seeded, the steps of harvesting and preserving the seeds include: On sunny days, the single plant net cover (1) is opened, the tail flowers that do not produce pods are cut off, the radish seed plants are sprayed with drugs to prevent and control diseases and insect pests, the siliques are harvested when they turn yellow, and the silicles are threshed after being dried in the sun for 3 days.

9. A device used in the method for preserving seeds of radish single plants assisted by efficient wall bees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-plant net cover (1) is installed in the greenhouse through a cross bar (3). The single-plant net cover (1) comprises a hook (101). The hook (101) is detachably installed on the cross bar (3). The bottom end of the hook (101) is fixedly connected to a first bracket square tube (103). A second bracket square tube (106) is arranged below the first bracket square tube (103). A gauze net (105) is arranged on the outside of the first bracket square tube (103) and the second bracket square tube (106). Another first bracket square tube (103) is arranged at the bottom end of the second bracket square tube (106). The gauze net (105) is arranged on the other first bracket square tube (103). A spray inlet (102) for inserting a spray pipe (4) is opened on the hook (101). The spray end of the spray pipe (4) is located in the gauze net (105).

10. The device used in the method for efficiently preserving radish seeds with the assistance of wall bees according to claim 9, characterized in that: The small honeycomb (2) comprises a box body (201) and a mud box (204), wherein the mud box (204) is arranged at the bottom end of the box body (201), a plurality of honeycomb tubes (203) are arranged inside the box body (201), a sunshade (202) is arranged at the open end of the box body (201), a support rod (206) is detachably connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the mud box (204) via a binding rope (205), and an upper and lower layer is arranged inside the mud box (204), wherein the upper layer is used to hold mud and the lower layer is used to hold water, and one end of a cotton thread (207) is arranged in the mud and the other end is arranged in the water.

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