Automatic interlocking bolt external sleeve and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic interlocking type bolt external sleeve and a construction method thereof. The automatic interlocking type bolt external sleeve comprises an outer sleeve, an inner partition cylinder and a fork rod. The outer sleeve has a top plate and a bottom plate, the top of the top plate is fixed with a measuring element, and the center of the bottom plate is provided with a bolt hole for inserting an existing bolt; the inner partition cylinder is located in the outer sleeve and coaxially arranged with the outer sleeve, the diameter of the inner partition cylinder is larger than the hole diameter of the bolt hole, the top of the inner partition cylinder is fixed to the bottom of a top plate of the outer sleeve, and the bottom of the inner partition cylinder is fixed to the top of a bottom plate of the outer sleeve; the fork rod obliquely penetrates through the inner separation barrel and the outer sleeve, a fork rod circular shaft is arranged at the bottom of the fork rod and located outside the outer sleeve, and the top of the fork rod obliquely clamps threads of the existing bolt. According to the invention, on the basis of the bolts left by the installation of various existing devices, the bolts are externally connected with the sleeves, so that various measuring elements can be conveniently installed, and can be directly disassembled and recycled without any tool, so that the monitoring difficulty of underground engineering is reduced, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and the maintenance efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction, and in particular to an automatic interlocking bolt external sleeve and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Various underground projects in service for a long time require daily monitoring to ensure operational safety and timely disease prevention and control. A large number of measuring components are installed in the corresponding positions of underground projects, especially in the tunnel vaults and waist areas that are prone to cracks and water leakage, to collect relevant monitoring data in order to grasp the operating status parameters of underground projects.

[0003] However, the installation of measuring elements in underground projects needs to be fixed. Based on the operational characteristics of underground projects, the adverse effects of train running vibration, surface road vehicles and other accidental loads need to be considered. In addition, the current conventional installation method of measuring elements is often based on the post-anchor process, which will increase the damage to the underground project structure, increase the structural safety risks, and affect the durability of the underground project.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose new measures to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic locking bolt external sleeve and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the existing installation and fixation that the adverse effects in underground engineering are not considered and the potential safety hazards of the structure are increased.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] An automatic interlocking bolt external sleeve, the bolt external sleeve comprising an outer sleeve, an inner spacer and a fork rod;

[0008] The outer sleeve has a top plate and a bottom plate, a measuring element is fixed on the top of the top plate, and a bolt hole is opened in the center of the bottom plate for inserting an existing bolt;

[0009] The inner spacer is located inside the outer sleeve and is coaxially arranged with the outer sleeve, the diameter of the inner spacer is larger than the diameter of the bolt hole, the top of the inner spacer is fixed to the bottom of the top plate of the outer sleeve, and the bottom of the inner spacer is fixed to the top of the bottom plate of the outer sleeve;

[0010] The fork rod obliquely passes through the inner spacer and the outer sleeve, a fork rod circular axis is arranged at the bottom of the fork rod and is located outside the outer sleeve, and the top of the fork rod obliquely clamps the thread of the existing bolt.

[0011] Furthermore, an unlocking slide cylinder is arranged outside the outer sleeve and is coaxial with the outer sleeve, and the circular axis of the fork rod is located in a rotation groove arranged on the inner wall of the unlocking slide cylinder;

[0012] The circular shaft of the fork rod is spherical and can rotate in the rotation groove of the unlocking slide cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, an oblique spring device is provided between the fork rod and the outer sleeve.

[0014] Further, the oblique spring device comprises an oblique spring, an oblique rod, an L-shaped steel plate and an oblique spring compartment;

[0015] The oblique spring magazine is fixed to the side of the fork rod, the L-shaped steel plate is fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and one end of the oblique rod is fixed to the L-shaped steel plate;

[0016] The oblique spring sleeve is outside the oblique rod and is located in the oblique spring compartment, with two ends contacting the L-shaped steel plate and the fork rod respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, a vertical spring device is provided between the bottom of the unlocking slide cylinder and the outer wall of the outer sleeve.

[0018] Further, the vertical spring device includes a vertical spring, a vertical rod, a vertical spring compartment, a vertical spring base, a spring vertical cylinder and a steel cover plate;

[0019] The vertical spring base is fixed to the outer wall of the outer sleeve, the spring vertical sleeve is located outside the vertical spring base and on the top of the vertical spring base, and a vertical spring bin is arranged on the top surface of the vertical spring base;

[0020] A steel cover plate is arranged inside the spring vertical cylinder, the outer periphery of the steel cover plate is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the spring vertical cylinder, and a vertical rod is arranged on the bottom surface of the steel cover plate;

[0021] The vertical spring is located in the spring vertical tube and in the vertical spring compartment. The vertical spring is sleeved outside the vertical rod, and the top and bottom are in contact with the steel cover plate and the vertical spring base respectively.

[0022] Furthermore, the outer wall of the unlocking slide cylinder is provided with a lug.

[0023] Furthermore, a support hole is provided on the inner spacer, the fork rod obliquely passes through the support hole, and the hole diameter of the support hole is larger than the outer diameter of the fork rod.

[0024] Furthermore, the outer sleeve is provided with an insertion hole, the fork rod obliquely passes through the insertion hole, and the hole diameter of the insertion hole is larger than the outer diameter of the fork rod.

[0025] On the other hand, a method for constructing the automatic interlocking bolt external sleeve as described is provided, the method comprising:

[0026] During installation, the existing bolt is inserted into the bolt hole at the bottom of the outer sleeve, and the top of the fork rod obliquely contacts the thread of the existing bolt, so that the retreat of the existing bolt is restricted;

[0027] When disassembling, press the lug and move the unlocking slide downward, the fork rod shaft moves downward, the vertical spring and the oblique spring are compressed at the same time, the fork rod rotates outward around the fork rod shaft, the top of the fork rod disengages from the thread of the existing bolt, and the retraction of the existing bolt is released.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention provides an automatic locking bolt external sleeve and a construction method thereof, which can be based on the bolts left over from the installation of various existing equipment, such as bolts at the hand hole position of shield segments, exposed bolts from the installation of contact networks or fire water pipes, etc., and through the bolt external sleeve, various measuring elements can be conveniently installed, and can be directly disassembled without the aid of any tools, thereby reducing the monitoring and operation and maintenance costs of underground projects, and improving the monitoring efficiency and long-term stable operation of underground projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, drawings of other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention (the bolt is inserted and locked).

[0032] Figure 2 It is a vertical view of the present invention (the bolts can be removed).

[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is the layout diagram of the oblique spring device.

[0035] Figure 5 This is the layout diagram of the vertical spring device.

[0036] The symbols in the figure are:

[0037] 1-outer sleeve, 2-inner spacer, 3-unlocking slide, 4-measuring element, 5-vertical spring device, 6-fork rod, 7-oblique spring device, 8-existing bolt;

[0038] 21-support hole;

[0039] 31-lug;

[0040] 51-vertical spring, 52-vertical rod, 53-vertical spring chamber, 54-vertical spring base, 55-spring vertical cylinder, 56-steel cover plate;

[0041] 61-fork rod round shaft;

[0042] 71- oblique spring, 72- oblique rod, 73- L-shaped steel plate, 74- oblique spring magazine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly understood.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “oblique”, “horizontal”, “vertical”, “lateral”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "setting", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, setting, or detachable connection, setting, or integral connection, setting. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] It should also be noted that although the order of steps is mentioned in the method description, in some cases, they may be performed in an order different from that shown here, and it should not be understood as a limitation on the order of steps.

[0047] In a specific implementation, Figure 1 The direction from bottom to top is defined as the vertical direction, and the direction perpendicular to it is defined as the horizontal direction.

[0048] There may be a large number of bolts or screws in underground projects, such as shield tunnel projects. The bolts at the hand hole position can provide conditions for the installation of measuring elements. For example, the bolts used to install electromechanical equipment in underground projects can also provide conditions for the installation of measuring elements. However, the conventional bolt and nut fixing method has to withstand long-term vibration, such as the running vibration of trains in urban transportation and the running vibration of vehicles on highways, and the bite between bolts and nuts will inevitably loosen.

[0049] In order to effectively utilize existing underground engineering components, realize fast and convenient installation of measuring elements, avoid damage to underground structures caused by conventional post-anchor drilling operations, and avoid loosening phenomenon caused by mechanical bite between conventional bolts and nuts, the present invention provides an automatic locking bolt external sleeve. According to the characteristics of underground engineering, without increasing structural burden and safety hazards, based on the bolts left after installation of various existing equipment, such as bolts at the hand hole position of shield segment, exposed bolts during installation of contact network or fire water pipe, etc., various measuring elements can be conveniently installed through the bolt external sleeve, and can be directly disassembled without the aid of any tools, thereby reducing the monitoring and operation and maintenance costs of underground engineering and improving the monitoring efficiency of underground engineering.

[0050] Specifically, Figure 1 The bolt external sleeve includes an outer sleeve 1, an inner spacer 2, an unlocking slide 3 and a fork rod 6.

[0051] The outer sleeve 1 has a top plate and a bottom plate, a measuring element 4 is fixed on the top of the top plate, and a bolt hole is opened in the center of the bottom plate for inserting the existing bolt 8. An L-shaped structural measure is set at the bolt hole, and the size of the opening matches the diameter of the existing bolt 8. The outer sleeve 1 is also provided with a plug hole.

[0052] The inner spacer 2 is located inside the outer sleeve 1 and is coaxially arranged with the outer sleeve 1. The diameter of the inner spacer 2 is larger than the diameter of the bolt hole. The top of the inner spacer 2 is fixed to the bottom of the top plate of the outer sleeve 1, and the bottom of the inner spacer 2 is fixed to the top of the bottom plate of the outer sleeve 1. A support hole 21 is arranged on the inner spacer 2.

[0053] The fork rod 6 obliquely passes through the support hole 21 of the inner spacer 2 and the insertion hole of the outer sleeve 1. The aperture of the support hole 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the fork rod 6, and the aperture of the insertion hole is larger than the outer diameter of the fork rod 6. Therefore, the fork rod 6 can move and rotate limitedly in the support hole 21 and the insertion hole. The top of the fork rod 6 has at least two forks, which are forked after passing through the support hole 21. The top end is conical in structure, which is conducive to its mechanical engagement with the existing bolt 8 thread. The bottom of the fork rod 6 has a fork rod circular axis 61 and is located outside the outer sleeve 1. Multiple fork rods 6 are circumferentially arranged in the outer sleeve 1 and are evenly arranged. They can be distributed at intervals of about 30°, such as Figure 3After the existing bolt 8 is inserted into the bottom of the outer sleeve 1, the diameter of the circular outline formed by the top of the fork rod 6 should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the existing bolt 8, generally 2-3 times the thread height, to ensure the mechanical bite effect between the existing bolt 8 thread and the end of the fork rod 6.

[0054] The unlocking slide 3 is located outside the outer sleeve 1 and coaxial with the outer sleeve 1, and the fork rod circular shaft 61 is located in the rotation groove provided on the inner wall of the unlocking slide 3. The size of the rotation groove opening should be controlled to be about 2 / 3 of the rotation groove diameter, thereby ensuring that the fork rod circular shaft 61 is effectively embedded in the rotation groove and can roll freely in the rotation groove. The outer wall of the unlocking slide 3 is provided with a lug 31, which is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The unlocking slide 3 can be held tightly by the lug 31, so that the unlocking slide 3 can move up and down outside the outer sleeve 1.

[0055] An oblique spring device 7 is also provided between the fork rod 6 and the outer sleeve 1. Figure 4 The cross section of the oblique spring device 7 is circular, and includes an oblique spring 71, an oblique rod 72, an L-shaped steel plate 73 and an oblique spring bin 74; the oblique spring bin 74 is fixed to the side of the fork rod 6, the L-shaped steel plate 73 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1, and one end of the oblique rod 72 is fixed to the L-shaped steel plate 73; the oblique spring 71 is sheathed around the oblique rod 72 and is located in the oblique spring bin 74, and the two ends are respectively in contact with the surface of the L-shaped steel plate 73 and the side of the fork rod 6. Each fork rod 6 is equipped with an oblique spring device 7. When the fork rod 6 rotates outward, the oblique spring 71 is compressed in the oblique spring bin 74. In other embodiments, another oblique spring bin 74 can be provided, fixed to the L-shaped steel plate 73, and the two oblique spring bins 74 can be inserted into each other, and the oblique spring 71 is located in the two oblique spring bins 74. The oblique spring compartment 74 has a circular cross-section, and the clearance therein is about 2-3 cm larger than that of the oblique spring 71 , thereby reserving necessary space for the movement of the oblique spring 71 during the movement of the fork rod 6 .

[0056] A vertical spring device 5 is also provided between the bottom of the unlocking slide 3 and the outer wall of the outer sleeve 1. Figure 5The cross section of the vertical spring device 5 is circular, and includes a vertical spring 51, a vertical rod 52, a vertical spring bin 53, a vertical spring base 54, a spring vertical cylinder 55 and a steel cover plate 56; the vertical spring base 54 is fixed to the outer wall of the outer sleeve 1, the spring vertical cylinder 55 is located on the outer side of the vertical spring base 54 and on the top of the vertical spring base 54, and the vertical spring bin 53 is arranged on the top surface of the vertical spring base 54, which can effectively prevent the vertical spring 51 from lateral displacement; a steel cover plate 56 is arranged in the spring vertical cylinder 55, and the outer periphery of the steel cover plate 56 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the spring vertical cylinder 55, and the bottom surface of the steel cover plate 56 is arranged; the vertical spring 51 is located on the inner side of the spring vertical cylinder 55 and in the vertical spring bin 53, the vertical spring 51 is sheathed outside the vertical rod 52, and the top and bottom are respectively in contact with the steel cover plate 56 and the vertical spring base 54. The vertical rod 52 is at a certain distance from the vertical spring base 54, and the distance matches the vertical sliding distance of the unlocking slide 3. A plurality of vertical spring devices 5 are arranged along the circumferential direction and are evenly arranged, and can be evenly distributed at intervals of about 30°, and arranged crosswise with the fork rod 6 along the circumferential direction. Figure 3 When the unlocking slide cylinder 3 moves downward, the steel cover plate 56 is pressed downward, and the vertical spring 51 is compressed downward in the vertical cylinder 55 and the vertical spring chamber 53 .

[0057] After the fork rod 6 is firmly engaged with the existing bolt 8, the angle between the fork rod 6 and the horizontal direction can be considered to be about 45°, and the angle will increase by about 5° after the vertical rod 52 inside the vertical spring device 5 contacts the spring base 54. The telescopic range of the vertical spring device 5 is mainly determined by the compression of the vertical spring 51 inside it and the distance between the vertical rod 52 and the spring base 54, which can generally be considered to be about 20 mm.

[0058] Among the components of the above-mentioned automatic locking bolt external sleeve, the outer sleeve 1, the inner spacer 2, the unlocking slide 3, the vertical spring device 5, the fork rod 6, the oblique spring device 7 and the existing bolt 8 can all be made of Q235 or Q345 steel. The measuring element 4 can be various displacement sensors or instruments. The springs involved in the vertical spring device 5 and the oblique spring device 7 must have good compression and elongation properties, and be in a zero compression state in the natural state (non-pressurized working condition) after installation.

[0059] The thickness of the outer ring steel plate of the outer sleeve 1 can generally be considered to be about 3-5 mm, and the thickness of the inner spacer 2 can generally be considered to be about 2 mm.

[0060] The construction of the above-mentioned automatic locking bolt external sleeve includes the installation process and the disassembly process, specifically:

[0061] 1. If Figure 1When installing the automatic locking bolt external sleeve, the existing bolt 8 is inserted into the bolt hole at the bottom of the outer sleeve 1, and the top of the fork rod 6 obliquely contacts the thread of the existing bolt 8, and the retreat of the existing bolt 8 is effectively restricted.

[0062] 2. If Figure 2 After the monitoring operation is completed, the external sleeve of the automatic locking bolt can be removed, the holding lug 31 is pressed down, the unlocking slide cylinder 3 is moved downward, the fork rod circular shaft 61 moves downward, and at the same time starts to rotate. Under the limiting action of the inner spacer 2, the fork rod 6 moves obliquely downward as a whole and rotates outward around the fork rod circular shaft 61. The end of the fork rod 6 and the existing bolt 8 thread are gradually loosened, the vertical spring 51 and the oblique spring 71 are compressed at the same time, the top of the fork rod 6 is detached from the existing bolt 8 thread, the retreat of the existing bolt 8 is released, and the sleeve can be smoothly separated from the bolt 8.

[0063] The manufacturing process of the above-mentioned automatic locking bolt external sleeve is as follows:

[0064] S1: According to the diameter and length of the existing bolts 8 left after the installation of the existing underground engineering equipment, the size of the outer sleeve 1 and its supporting structure are designed. Generally, the diameter of the existing bolts 8 can be considered as M12~M16, and the exposed length of the existing bolts 8 can generally be considered as about 3-5cm. The cylindrical outer sleeve 1, the inner spacer 2 and the unlocking slide 3 are rolled with steel plates. The bottom of the outer sleeve 1 is opened, and the diameter of the opening can be increased by about 1-2cm on the basis of the diameter of the existing bolt 8; according to the requirements of the fork rod 6, a circular hole is reserved at the corresponding position of the inner spacer 2; according to the diameter of the fork rod circular shaft 61 at the bottom of the fork rod 6, a circular hole is reserved at the corresponding position of the unlocking slide 3. The diameter of the circular hole needs to match the fork rod circular shaft 61, and the size of the reserved circular hole opening section should be controlled at about 80% of its diameter to ensure that the fork rod circular shaft 61 can slide freely inside it and will not slide out.

[0065] The thickness of the outer sleeve 1 can generally be considered to be around 3-5 mm, and the thickness of the inner spacer 2 can generally be considered to be around 2 mm.

[0066] S2: Factory production of the fork rod 6 and its supporting devices is performed as required. First, according to the length and shape of the fork rod 6, at least two forks are formed by welding steel bars, and a solid circular shaft is welded at the bottom thereof.

[0067] S3: The spring device is manufactured as required. Based on the circular cross section of the spring device, a vertical spring base 54, a vertical spring bin 53, an oblique spring bin 74, a spring vertical tube 55, and a steel cover plate 56 and an L-shaped steel plate 73 on the upper part of the spring are manufactured as required using steel plates. Finally, the vertical spring device 5 is assembled together with the vertical spring 51, the vertical rod 52, the vertical spring bin 53, the spring base 54, the spring vertical tube 55 and the steel cover plate 56; the oblique spring device 7 is assembled together with the oblique spring 71, the oblique rod 72, the L-shaped steel plate 73 and the oblique spring bin 74. The spring bottom seat bin contour of the vertical spring device 5 and the oblique spring device 7 is about 2-3 cm larger than the outer diameter of the spring, and the vertical rod inside the spring is about 20 mm away from the spring base.

[0068] S4: Pass the fork rod round shaft 61 through the reserved round hole on the inner spacer 2, weld and fix the bottom of the oblique spring device 7 to the fork rod 6, weld the L-shaped steel plate 73 to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1, and then complete the fixation of the oblique spring device 7, and then press the fork rod round shaft 61 into the reserved hole of the unlocking slide cylinder 3.

[0069] S5: Weld a triangular lug 31 at the upper position of the unlocking slide 3 as required.

[0070] S6: The vertical spring device 5 is welded to the corresponding position of the outer circumferential direction of the outer sleeve 1 as required, generally evenly distributed at about 30 degrees, and the side of the spring base 54 at the bottom of the spring bin 53 is welded to the side wall of the outer sleeve 1. Then the unlocking slide 3 is sleeved on the outer side of the outer sleeve 1 from top to bottom.

[0071] S7: The measuring element 4 is effectively fixed on the top of the outer sleeve 1 by welding.

[0072] The structure of the present invention needs to pay attention to the following points:

[0073] 1. The outer diameter of the outer sleeve 1 and the inner diameter of the unlocking slide 3 need to match, and the diameter difference should be controlled at about 1mm.

[0074] 2. The vertical spring device 5 and the fork rod 6 at the bottom of the outer sleeve 1 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, each with an interval of about 30°. The two can be considered to be crossed and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the interval in the circumferential direction can be reduced to about 15°.

[0075] 3. The distance between the vertical rod 52 in the vertical spring device 5 and the spring base 54, the displacement of the fork rod 6 diagonally downward, the distance between the diagonal rod 72 in the diagonal spring device 7 and the bottom of the diagonal spring chamber 74, and the distance between the two circles of steel plates on both sides of the diagonal spring chamber 74, which are smaller on the upper side and larger on the lower side, need to match each other and are generally considered to be no more than 20 mm.

[0076] 4. Since the effective engagement between the fork rod 6 and the existing bolt 8 threads provides vertical stability for the outer sleeve 1, and the engagement effect between the fork rod 6 and the existing bolt 8 threads is mainly controlled by the oblique spring device 7 and the vertical spring device 5, the initial state of the spring (before compression) must ensure that sufficient "support" and "limiting" effects are provided to the fork rod to avoid "looseness" between the top of the fork rod 6 and the existing bolt 8 threads.

[0077] The structure of the present invention has the following characteristics and advantages:

[0078] 1) The present invention is based on the concept of "elastic locking". Under the mechanical bite between the fork rod and the bolt thread, the requirement that the bolt can only move forward but not backward is achieved, thereby ensuring a firm connection between the outer sleeve and the bolt, meeting the needs of various detection or monitoring work;

[0079] 2) The engagement between the fork rod and the bolt thread of the present invention is an "elastic locking", which is mainly achieved through the "elastic compression" of the spring, avoiding the mechanical tightening between the conventional bolt and nut and the potential risk of loosening under the long-term operation vibration of the underground project;

[0080] 3) Based on the concept of "flexible unlocking and reuse", the present invention designs an "elastic unlocking" device with mechanical engagement between the fork rod and the bolt thread, which can realize the reuse of the outer sleeve and its top measuring element, and effectively reduce the engineering operation and maintenance costs;

[0081] 4) The bolt external sleeve device based on the automatic locking function and the composite functional concept based on "elastic locking, flexible unlocking, and reuse" described in the present invention can meet the installation needs of various detection and monitoring equipment required for daily operation and maintenance of underground projects, and can achieve zero damage to underground projects during the installation of measuring elements. The solution has clear ideas, simple processes, and simple construction, with high economic and social benefits, and has broad application prospects in monitoring or monitoring projects involved in urban underground space development, rail transit, and railway projects.

[0082] The above specific examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which are only used to help understand the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, some simple deductions, modifications or substitutions can be made according to the idea of ​​the present invention.

Claims

1. Automatic locking bolt external sleeve, characterized by: The bolt external sleeve comprises an outer sleeve (1), an inner spacer (2) and a fork rod (6); The outer sleeve (1) comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, a measuring element (4) is fixed on the top of the top plate, and a bolt hole is provided at the center of the bottom plate for inserting an existing bolt (8); The inner spacer (2) is located inside the outer sleeve (1) and is coaxially arranged with the outer sleeve (1); the diameter of the inner spacer (2) is larger than the diameter of the bolt hole; the top of the inner spacer (2) is fixed to the bottom of the top plate of the outer sleeve (1); and the bottom of the inner spacer (2) is fixed to the top of the bottom plate of the outer sleeve (1); The fork rod (6) obliquely passes through the inner spacer (2) and the outer sleeve (1); a fork rod circular shaft (61) is provided at the bottom of the fork rod (6) and is located outside the outer sleeve (1); and the top of the fork rod (6) obliquely clamps the thread of the existing bolt (8).

2. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that: An unlocking slide cylinder (3) is arranged outside the outer sleeve (1) and is coaxial with the outer sleeve (1), and the fork rod circular axis (61) is located in a rotation groove arranged on the inner wall of the unlocking slide cylinder (3); The fork rod circular shaft (61) is spherical and can rotate in the rotation groove of the unlocking slide cylinder (3).

3. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 2, characterized in that: An oblique spring device (7) is provided between the fork rod (6) and the outer sleeve (1).

4. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oblique spring device (7) comprises an oblique spring (71), an oblique rod (72), an L-shaped steel plate (73) and an oblique spring bin (74); The oblique spring magazine (74) is fixed to the side of the fork rod (6), the L-shaped steel plate (73) is fixed to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (1), and one end of the oblique rod (72) is fixed to the L-shaped steel plate (73); The oblique spring (71) is sheathed outside the oblique rod (72) and is located in the oblique spring compartment (74), with two ends contacting the L-shaped steel plate (73) and the fork rod (6) respectively.

5. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 4, characterized in that: A vertical spring device (5) is provided between the bottom of the unlocking slide cylinder (3) and the outer wall of the outer sleeve (1).

6. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical spring device (5) comprises a vertical spring (51), a vertical rod (52), a vertical spring chamber (53), a vertical spring base (54), a spring vertical cylinder (55) and a steel cover plate (56); The vertical spring base (54) is fixed to the outer wall of the outer sleeve (1), the spring vertical cylinder (55) is located outside the vertical spring base (54) and on the top of the vertical spring base (54), and a vertical spring compartment (53) is provided on the top surface of the vertical spring base (54); A steel cover plate (56) is arranged inside the spring vertical tube (55), the outer periphery of the steel cover plate (56) is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the spring vertical tube (55), and a vertical rod (52) is arranged on the bottom surface of the steel cover plate (56); The vertical spring (51) is located in the spring vertical tube (55) and in the vertical spring chamber (53). The vertical spring (51) is sheathed outside the vertical rod (52), and the top and bottom are in contact with the steel cover plate (56) and the vertical spring base (54) respectively.

7. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall of the unlocking slide cylinder (3) is provided with a lug (31).

8. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner spacer (2) is provided with a support hole (21), the fork rod (6) obliquely passes through the support hole (21), and the hole diameter of the support hole (21) is larger than the outer diameter of the fork rod (6).

9. The automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer sleeve (1) is provided with an insertion hole, the fork rod (6) obliquely passes through the insertion hole, and the diameter of the insertion hole is larger than the outer diameter of the fork rod (6).

10. The method for constructing an automatic locking bolt external sleeve according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method comprises: During installation, the existing bolt (8) is inserted into the bolt hole at the bottom of the outer sleeve (1), and the top of the fork rod (6) obliquely contacts the thread of the existing bolt (8), so that the retreat of the existing bolt (8) is restricted; When disassembling, the lug (31) is pressed to move the unlocking slide (3) downward, the fork rod circular shaft (61) moves downward, the vertical spring (51) and the oblique spring (71) are compressed at the same time, the fork rod (6) rotates outward around the fork rod circular shaft (61), the top of the fork rod (6) is disengaged from the thread of the existing bolt (8), and the retreat of the existing bolt (8) is released.

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