Track vibration isolation elastic unit stress and deformation detection method and device and track system

Abstract

The invention provides a stress and deformation detection method and device for a track vibration isolation elastic unit and a track system. The method comprises a step of acquiring distance data from an elastic unit detection device, a step of performing time domain alignment on the data, a step of analyzing and judging the installation state of the elastic unit based on first distance data of the same vibration isolator, and a step of calculating the stress of the elastic unit based on second distance data of the same vibration isolator, the elastic unit detection device is arranged in the vibration isolator, so that train passing is not affected, distance data related to the elastic units can be collected and analyzed during actual train passing operation of the track, and the stress and / or deformation condition of each elastic unit in the actual operation process is obtained; whether the installation state of each elastic unit is normal or not, whether the elastic unit bears force normally or not and the specific stress magnitude can be judged, and therefore the situations that part of the elastic units are not stressed or are stressed abnormally can be found in time in the actual operation of the track.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of track detection, and in particular relates to a method and device for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit, and a track system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of track-related technologies and the continuous improvement of vibration reduction requirements, track vibration reduction technology has been increasingly used. One type of vibration reduction track uses a floating plate ballast, which usually includes a floating plate and a plurality of vibration isolators arranged in the floating plate. The vibration isolators contain elastic units, and the floating plate is "suspended" above the lower foundation through a plurality of vibration isolators. When a train passes, the train load causes the ballast plate to sink and displace, and the rubber spring body undergoes a certain degree of compression deformation, which reduces the transmission of wheel-rail vibration during train operation to the lower foundation, thereby reducing the impact of vibration and secondary structural noise generated by line operation on the surrounding environment.

[0003] At least six isolators are arranged in each floating plate. If the floating plate is longer, the number will be more. Therefore, there are a lot of isolators on the entire line. Due to deviations in the construction of the lower foundation, superelevation in curved sections, and losses during long-term operation, the elastic units of some isolators will not be stressed, or the elastic units of multiple isolators in the same ballast plate will be unevenly stressed, which will affect the vibration reduction effect and the stability of line operation. Because there are a lot of isolators and the elastic elements are set inside the isolators, it is difficult to detect the above situation through conventional detection methods.

[0004] Although there are some detection methods related to vibration isolators, these detection methods cannot effectively detect the stress conditions of the elastic elements of the vibration isolators during the actual operation of the track. Therefore, these detection methods still cannot ensure that all vibration isolators can function normally during the actual operation of the track. For example, CN112816115A discloses a force detection method for elastic vibration isolators in a floating plate track bed. However, in this detection method, it is necessary to open the upper cover of the vibration isolator, and install a displacement measuring device and a loading device above the elastic element. The loading device protrudes above the floating plate. When in use, a certain pressure is applied to the elastic unit in the vibration isolator through the loading device, and the displacement of the upper end of the elastic unit is measured by the displacement measuring device. In other words, this detection method can only detect the stress of the vibration isolator when the line is stopped or before the operation of a new line, but cannot detect the stress condition of the vibration isolator during the actual operation of the track. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a detection method that can effectively detect the stress condition of the elastic unit of the vibration isolator during the actual operation of the track, and a device using the detection method, and a track system including the device. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for detecting the force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit. The method has the following technical characteristics: based on an elastic unit detection device in an outer sleeve of a vibration isolator fixed in a floating plate track, the elastic unit of the vibration isolator is detected for force and / or deformation, the elastic unit detection device is used to detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the upper end of the elastic unit to obtain first distance data, and detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the lower foundation below the vibration isolator to obtain second distance data. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, respectively acquiring the first distance data and the second distance data from a plurality of the elastic unit detection devices, and pre-processing them respectively; step S2, performing time domain alignment on the pre-processed first distance data and the second distance data; step S3, performing force analysis on the elastic unit based on the aligned first distance data of the same vibration isolator, and judging whether the installation state of the elastic unit is normal; and step S4, calculating the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the aligned second distance data of the same vibration isolator and a predetermined typical force-displacement curve of the elastic unit.

[0006] The method for detecting the force and deformation of the track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein step S2 includes the following sub-steps: step S2-1, searching for the peak and its time point corresponding to the train bogie in the time domain signal data of the reference detection device, wherein the reference detection device is a load detection device arranged in the floating plate track, and is used to detect the rail load; step S2-2, calculating the time difference between two adjacent peaks to obtain a peak time difference array of each group of the peaks; step S2-3, based on the peak time difference array, calculating the cross-correlation coefficients between multiple groups of the peaks by a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a cross-correlation array; step S2-4, searching for the maximum value position in the cross-correlation array, and obtaining the maximum value position. The time point corresponding to the large value position is used as the reference time point; step S2-5, calculating the train speed according to the peak time difference between the wheelbase of the train and a group of the wave peaks corresponding to the bogie; step S2-6, calculating the elapsed time of the train passing the predetermined distance according to the predetermined distance between the reference detection device and each of the elastic unit detection devices and the train speed; step S2-7, calculating the time shift of the time domain signal data of each of the elastic unit detection devices relative to the time domain signal data of the reference detection device according to the elapsed time and the reference time point; step S2-8, performing time domain shift on the time domain signal data of each of the elastic unit detection devices according to the corresponding time shift, so as to obtain aligned data.

[0007] The method for detecting the force and deformation of the track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein step S3 includes the following sub-steps: step S3-1, calculating the judgment width according to the train speed and the parameters of the elastic unit; step S3-2, traversing each of the first distance data in the same vibration isolator, finding out the data points that exceed the predetermined critical value, and searching whether there are multiple consecutive data points that exceed the critical value according to the judgment width; step S3-3, when it is judged as yes in step S3-2, it is judged that the installation state of the elastic unit is abnormal; step S3-5, when it is judged as no in step S3-2, it is judged that the installation state of the elastic unit is normal.

[0008] The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein the elastic unit includes a rubber spring, the judgment width = the diameter of the rubber spring / the train speed, and in step S3-2, for each data point exceeding the critical value, its time point is taken as the starting time point, and its time point plus the judgment width is taken as the ending time point, and it is judged whether there are more than a predetermined number of data points exceeding the critical value within the range from the starting time point to the ending time point.

[0009] The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein the elastic unit has a plurality of supporting points for contacting the outer sleeve, and the elastic unit detection device has a plurality of first ranging sensors, which are respectively and correspondingly arranged above the plurality of supporting points, for acquiring the first distance data at each of the supporting points, and step S3 also includes: step S3-4, locating the support point with an abnormal state among the plurality of supporting points according to the number of the first ranging sensor corresponding to the first distance data of a plurality of consecutive data points exceeding the critical value found.

[0010] The method for detecting the force and deformation of the track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein the elastic unit detection device has a plurality of second distance measuring sensors, which are arranged staggered with the plurality of first distance measuring sensors, respectively, for obtaining the second distance data; in step S4, the average value of the plurality of second distance data is calculated, and the force magnitude of the elastic unit is calculated in combination with the typical force-displacement curve.

[0011] The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, the method further comprising: step S5, based on a plurality of the second distance data after alignment of the same vibration isolator, fitting the plane where the plurality of support points of the elastic unit are located, and judging whether the force on the elastic unit is uniform based on the plane.

[0012] The method for detecting the force and deformation of the track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein, in step S5, the spatial coordinates of each of the support points are calculated respectively according to the multiple second distance data, the plane is fitted based on the multiple spatial coordinates, and it is determined whether the plane is horizontal. When the judgment is yes, it is determined that the force on the elastic unit is uniform, and when the judgment is no, it is determined that the force on the elastic unit is uneven, and the overload situation is determined according to the spatial coordinates of each of the support points.

[0013] The present invention provides a device for analyzing the force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit. The device has the following technical features: an elastic unit detection device fixed in an outer sleeve of the vibration isolator detects the force and / or deformation of the elastic unit of the vibration isolator, the elastic unit detection device is used to detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the upper end of the elastic unit to obtain first distance data, and detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the lower foundation below the vibration isolator to obtain second distance data. The device comprises: a signal data acquisition unit, used to acquire the first distance data and the second distance data from a plurality of the elastic unit detection devices; a data A preprocessing unit, used to preprocess the first distance data and the second distance data respectively; a data alignment processing unit, used to align the preprocessed first distance data and the second distance data in the time domain; a force condition analysis and determination unit, used to perform force analysis on the elastic unit based on the first distance data after alignment with the same vibration isolator, and determine whether the installation status of the elastic unit is normal; and a force magnitude calculation unit, used to calculate the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the second distance data after alignment with the same vibration isolator and a predetermined typical force-displacement curve of the elastic unit.

[0014] The present invention provides a track system, which has the following technical features: a floating plate track, comprising a plurality of floating plates and a plurality of vibration isolators, each of the floating plates being arranged on a lower foundation through the plurality of vibration isolators; a plurality of elastic unit detection devices, respectively arranged in each of the vibration isolators, for detecting the force and / or deformation of the elastic unit in the vibration isolator; and a track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device, for acquiring detection data from the plurality of elastic unit detection devices, and analyzing the force and / or deformation of the elastic unit based on the detection data, wherein the track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device is the above-mentioned track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device.

[0015] The present invention has the following functions and effects.

[0016] According to the force and deformation detection method, device and track system of the track vibration isolation elastic unit provided by the present invention, the method includes the steps of obtaining distance data from the elastic unit detection device, the step of aligning the data in the time domain, the step of analyzing and judging the installation state of the elastic unit based on the first distance data of the same vibration isolator, and the step of calculating the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the second distance data of the same vibration isolator, wherein, since the elastic unit detection device is arranged inside the vibration isolator, it does not affect the passage of the train, and the distance data related to the elastic unit can be collected and analyzed when the track is actually opened to traffic, so as to obtain the force and / or deformation of each elastic unit in the actual operation process, and then it can be judged whether the installation state of each elastic unit is normal, whether it is normally bearing force, and the specific force magnitude, so that in the actual operation of the track, it can be timely discovered that some elastic units are not subjected to force, the force is abnormal, etc., and based on the analysis and judgment results, the floating plate track can be better optimized and designed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a logic block diagram of a track vibration isolation elastic unit force deformation detection system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a top view of a floating plate track in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a floating plate track in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of a vibration isolator and an elastic unit detection device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a vibration isolator and an elastic unit detection device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a three-dimensional diagram of an elastic unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 is a three-dimensional diagram of a partial structure of an elastic unit detection device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a three-dimensional diagram of a base plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the position distribution of the ranging sensors in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the elastic unit detection device in use in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the stress condition of the elastic unit for detecting the straight section of the track in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a flow chart of a method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 is a flow chart of step S2 in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 is a flow chart of step S3 in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.15 is an example diagram of distance data collected by the first distance measuring sensor in this embodiment; Fig.16 is an example diagram of a typical force-displacement curve of an elastic unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the stress condition of the elastic unit for detecting the curved section of the track in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals: Elastic unit detection device 100; fixing tool 10; base plate 11; flat plate portion 111; first support member mounting hole 1111; clearance notch 1112; first bracket mounting hole 1113; second bracket mounting hole 1114; positioning member mounting hole 1115; fitting protrusion 112; outer side surface 1121; fixing protrusion 113; fixing member mounting hole 1131; first sensor bracket 121; first fixing plate portion 1211; first mounting plate portion 1212; second sensor bracket 122; second fixing plate portion 1221; second mounting plate portion 1222; positioning assembly 13; positioning member 131; support member 14; support plate 15; first distance measuring sensor 21; second distance measuring sensor 22; power supply unit 30; data acquisition unit 40; vibration isolator 200; outer sleeve 210; first cylinder portion 211; The second cylinder 212; the flange 213; the support protrusion 214; the support protrusion side 21411; the elastic unit 220; the unit support plate 221; the upper end surface 221a; the support sheet 2211; the upper shell 222; the cover-shaped body 2221; the support end 2222; the lower shell 223; the rubber spring 224; the unit limit column 230; the upper cover plate 240; the track bed plate 300; the short rail sleeper 310; the lower foundation 400; the force and deformation analysis device 600 of the track vibration isolation elastic unit; the signal data acquisition unit 610; the data preprocessing unit 620; the data alignment processing unit 630; the force condition analysis and determination unit 640; the force magnitude calculation unit 650; the deformation condition analysis and determination unit 660, the communication unit 680 on the analysis device side; the control unit 690 on the analysis device side; the rail 9; the track system 1000. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the force and deformation detection method, device and track system of the track vibration isolation elastic unit of the present invention are specifically described below in combination with embodiments and drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a logic block diagram of the track system in this embodiment.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, the track system 1000 includes a floating plate track, a plurality of elastic unit detection devices 100 and a track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device 600 (hereinafter referred to as the analysis device 600 ).

[0022] The plurality of elastic unit detection devices 100 are respectively arranged in the plurality of vibration isolators of the floating slab track bed, and are used to detect the corresponding distance data of the elastic units in the vibration isolators. The installation position and the structure of the elastic unit detection unit will be described below by way of example in combination with a track structure.

[0023] Figure 2 is a top view of the floating plate track in this embodiment, Figure 3 2 is a cross-sectional view of the floating plate track in this embodiment.

[0024] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the floating plate track includes a lower foundation 400 and multiple floating plates 300. Multiple vibration isolators 200 are arranged on each floating plate 300 to form a floating plate track bed. The floating plate 300 is arranged on the lower foundation 400 through multiple vibration isolators 200, and there is a certain gap between the floating plate 300 and the lower foundation 400.

[0025] The floating plate 300 is generally in the shape of a rectangular plate as a whole, and is a prefabricated plate made of concrete. After the construction of the lower foundation 400 is completed, the prefabricated floating plate 300 is transported to the lower foundation 400 and assembled, and multiple floating plates 300 are arranged end to end in the direction of the line. Two rows of multiple short sleepers 310 are arranged on the upper surface of each floating plate 300 for installing track fasteners and carrying rails 9. The short sleepers 310 are also made of concrete, and multiple short sleepers 310 in one row are arranged at approximately equal intervals, and the two rows of short sleepers 310 are symmetrically arranged.

[0026] Two rows of vibration isolators 200 are respectively embedded in each floating plate 300, and the two rows of vibration isolators 200 are symmetrically arranged. The floating plate 300 is placed on the lower foundation 400 through a plurality of vibration isolators 200, and there is a certain gap between the floating plate 300 and the lower foundation 400. Each vibration isolator 200 is arranged between two adjacent short rail sleepers 310, and is closer to one side edge of the floating plate 300 in the width direction relative to the short rail sleepers 310.

[0027] In this embodiment, the size of the floating plate 300 is 4710 mm×2600 mm×320 mm (length×width×thickness). There are eight short rail sleepers 310 in a row on a floating plate 300, and the distance between two adjacent short rail sleepers 310 is 595 mm. There are four vibration isolators 200 in a row on a floating plate 300, and the distance between two adjacent vibration isolators 200 is 1190 mm.

[0028] In this embodiment, a floating plate 300 is selected every several floating plates 300, and elastic unit detection devices 100 are installed in all eight vibration isolators 200 of the floating plate 300 to detect the stress and deformation of the elastic units in the eight vibration isolators 200 of the floating plate 300. Optionally, the elastic unit detection device 100 is also installed in the vibration isolators 200 at the plate ends of another floating plate 300 on one side or both sides of the floating plate 300.

[0029] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of the vibration isolator and the elastic unit detection device in this embodiment, Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the vibration isolator and the elastic unit detection device in this embodiment.

[0030] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the vibration isolator 200 includes an outer sleeve 210 , an elastic unit 220 , a unit limiting column 230 and an upper cover plate 240 .

[0031] The outer sleeve 210 is a metal sleeve. When the concrete floating slab 300 is cast, the outer sleeve 210 is embedded in the concrete floating slab 300 and integrated with the concrete floating slab 300. The inner wall of the outer sleeve 210 has a plurality of support protrusions 214. The plurality of support protrusions 214 are arranged at the same height in the axial direction of the outer sleeve 210, and a fixing groove is formed between two adjacent support protrusions 214. In this embodiment, there are three support protrusions 214, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210. The two ends of the support protrusions 214 in the length direction are support protrusion side portions 21411.

[0032] The upper cover plate 240 is a metal plate whose shape matches the cross-sectional shape of the first barrel portion 211 . The upper cover plate 240 is arranged at the upper end of the first barrel portion 211 , thereby closing the upper end of the outer sleeve 210 and protecting the elastic unit 220 .

[0033] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional diagram of the elastic unit in this embodiment.

[0034] like Figure 6 As shown, the elastic unit 220 includes a unit support plate 221 , an upper shell 222 , a lower shell 223 and a rubber spring 224 .

[0035] The upper shell 222 and the lower shell 223 are interlocked and can move relative to each other within a certain range. The rubber spring 224 is accommodated inside the upper shell 222 and the lower shell 223, one end of which is fixed on the inner top surface of the upper shell 222, and the other end is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the lower shell 223. The elasticity of the rubber spring 224 realizes the vibration isolation and vibration reduction effects of the track.

[0036] The upper shell 222 includes a cover-shaped body 2221 and a plurality of support ends 2222. The cover-shaped body 2221 is in a circular cover shape, and the support ends 2222 extend from the upper end of the cover-shaped body 2221 in the axial direction along the radial direction of the cover-shaped body 2221. The support ends 2222 are in an arc-shaped block shape with rounded corners, and the diameter of the upper shell 222 at the plurality of support ends 2222 is close to the inner diameter of the second cylinder 212 where the support protrusion 214 is not provided.

[0037] The unit support plate 221 is a metal flat plate, and its outer contour shape is basically consistent with the outer contour shape of the upper end of the upper shell 222. Its edge portion has a plurality of support pieces 2211, and its middle portion has a circular clearance hole and a plurality of round bottom notches for installing screws connected to the clearance hole. The unit support plate 221 is fixed on the upper surface of the upper shell 222, and the support piece 2211 is aligned with the support end 2222 respectively. The upper surface of the unit support plate 221 is the upper end surface 221a of the entire elastic unit 220, and the upper end surface 221a is an annular plane.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the elastic unit 220 is disposed in the lower part of the outer sleeve 210, and is partially located outside the lower part of the outer sleeve 210. The upper end of the elastic unit 220, the support sheet 2211 of the unit support plate 221 and the support end 2222 of the upper shell 222 abut against the lower surface of the corresponding support protrusion 214 in the outer sleeve 210. The lower end of the elastic unit 220 abuts against the lower foundation and is laterally limited by the unit limiting column 230.

[0039] The diameter of the support end 2222 of the elastic unit 220 is close to the inner diameter of the lower portion of the outer sleeve 210, so a gap is formed between two adjacent support ends 2222 of the elastic unit 220 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210, and between the cover-shaped body 2221 of the elastic unit 220 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210. At two adjacent support ends 2222, the gap penetrates along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 210.

[0040] In an alternative solution, the elastic unit 220 may also be an elastic unit of other structures, for example, the elastic unit is a rubber spring, or the elastic component in the elastic unit is a steel spring, and the elastic unit detection device 100 is also applicable.

[0041] The elastic unit detection device 100 is disposed in the outer sleeve 210 and is located above the elastic unit 220 .

[0042] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the partial structure of the elastic unit detection device in this embodiment.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 7As shown, the elastic unit detection device 100 includes a fixing device 10 , a plurality of first distance measuring sensors 21 , a plurality of second distance measuring sensors 22 , a power supply unit 30 and a data acquisition unit 40 .

[0044] The fixing fixture 10 is used to fix the plurality of first distance measuring sensors 21 and the plurality of second distance measuring sensors 22 at predetermined positions in the outer sleeve 210. The fixing fixture 10 includes a base plate 11, a plurality of first sensor brackets 121, a plurality of second sensor brackets 122, a fixing assembly (not shown in the figure), a positioning assembly 13, a support member 14 and a support plate 15.

[0045] The base plate 11 is used to be fixed in the outer sleeve 210 to provide support for other components.

[0046] Figure 8 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of the base plate in this embodiment.

[0047] like Figure 8 As shown, the base plate 11 includes an integrally formed flat plate portion 111 , a plurality of engaging protrusions 112 , and a plurality of fixing protrusions 113 .

[0048] The flat plate portion 111 is in the shape of an irregular flat plate, and its overall shape is close to a disc shape. A first support member mounting hole 1111 is provided at the center of the flat plate portion 111, and a threaded groove is provided on the inner wall of the first support member mounting hole 1111. A plurality of clearance notches 1112 are provided at the edge of the flat plate portion 111, and the plurality of clearance notches 1112 are evenly distributed along a circle. The clearance notches 1112 are rectangular notches with rounded corners, and their opening direction is slightly inclined relative to the radial direction of the base plate 11, and the length of the clearance notches 1112 is approximately half of the maximum diameter of the flat plate portion 111. The edge of the flat plate portion 111 at the clearance notch 1112 is in an arc shape that matches the arc of the inner wall of the second barrel portion 212 (the inner wall without the support protrusion 2121).

[0049] A plurality of engaging protrusions 112 are respectively formed on the edge of the flat plate portion 111. Each engaging protrusion 112 is wedge-shaped and has a tip facing outward. Every two engaging protrusions 112 form a group. A group of engaging protrusions 112 is arranged between two adjacent clearance notches 1112. The length direction of the two engaging protrusions 112 in a group is inclined relative to the radial direction of the flat plate portion 111, so that the two opposite outer side surfaces 1121 of the two engaging protrusions 112 can respectively abut against the two side walls of a fixing groove in the outer sleeve 210, thereby fixing the base plate 11 in the outer sleeve 210. In addition, the edge of the flat plate portion 111 between the two engaging protrusions 112 in a group is straight, and the portion where the edge and the engaging protrusion 112 meet has a rounded corner.

[0050] A plurality of fixing protrusions 113 are respectively formed on the edge of the flat plate portion 111, each fixing protrusion 113 is in the shape of a strip block with a certain curvature, and a through fixing member installation hole 1131 is opened on the fixing protrusion 113. The axial direction of the fixing member installation hole 1131 is consistent with the radial direction of the flat plate portion 111. In this embodiment, the fixing protrusion 113 is formed integrally with one of the interlocking protrusions 112 in a group.

[0051] The edge of the flat plate portion 111 is also distributed with a plurality of through first bracket mounting holes 1113, a plurality of through second bracket mounting holes 1114, and a plurality of through positioning member mounting holes 1115, wherein the aperture of the positioning member mounting hole 1115 is relatively large. Among them, the plurality of first bracket mounting holes 1113 are respectively arranged on one side of the width direction of each clearance notch 1112, and are evenly distributed along a circumference. The second bracket mounting hole 1114 is arranged between a group of two interlocking protrusions 112, and the plurality of second bracket mounting holes 1114 are evenly distributed along a circumference. The positioning member mounting hole 1115 is arranged next to the fixing protrusion 113, and is staggered with the fixing member mounting hole 1131 in the radial direction of the flat plate portion 111, and the plurality of positioning member mounting holes 1115 are evenly distributed along a circumference.

[0052] The fixing assembly includes a plurality of fixing members, which are respectively arranged in each fixing member installation hole 1131. The installation position of the fixing member in the fixing member installation hole 1131 is adjustable, and is adjusted until the outer end of each fixing member is respectively pressed against the inner wall of the second cylinder 212, thereby further fixing the base plate 11 in the outer sleeve 210. In this embodiment, the fixing member is a fastening bolt, which is 30 mm in length and has a diameter that matches the fixing member installation hole 1131.

[0053] The positioning assembly 13 includes a plurality of positioning members 131, which are respectively arranged in each positioning member mounting hole 1115. The mounting position of the positioning member 131 in the positioning member mounting hole 1115 is adjustable, and the size specifications of the plurality of positioning members 131 are the same. When installing the base plate 11, the plurality of positioning members 131 can be used to keep the surface direction of the base plate 11 perpendicular to the axial direction of the outer sleeve 210, that is, by making the lower ends of the plurality of positioning members 131 contact with the upper end surface of the elastic unit 220, the surface direction of the base plate 11 is maintained, and the base plate 11 can be further leveled by adjusting one or more positioning members 131. In this embodiment, the positioning member 131 is a support bolt, the length of which is 80 mm, and the diameter is adapted to the positioning member mounting hole 1115.

[0054] The first sensor bracket 121 is L-shaped as a whole, and has a first fixing plate portion 1211 and a first mounting plate portion 1212 that are perpendicular to each other. The first fixing plate portion 1211 is short in length, in the shape of a trapezoidal plate with rounded corners, and has a fixing hole for fixing to the base plate 11. The first mounting plate portion 1212 is in the shape of a rectangular plate, and has four mounting holes at its outer end for mounting the sensor. The first fixing plate portion 1211 is fixed on the upper surface of the base plate 11, and the first mounting plate portion 1212 is vertically located above the base plate 11.

[0055] The first distance measuring sensor 21 is installed on one side of the outer end of the first mounting plate portion 1212 and is located above a clearance notch 1112, with its detection end facing downward. The first distance measuring sensor 21 is a laser sensor, and the emission direction of the laser emitted from its detection end is consistent with the axial direction of the outer sleeve 210. The laser is projected onto the upper end surface 221a of the elastic unit 220 below (on the supporting sheet 2211) through the clearance notch 1112, so that the relative distance between the outer sleeve 210 and the elastic unit 220 can be detected to obtain the corresponding first distance data.

[0056] The structure of the second sensor bracket 122 is substantially the same as that of the first sensor bracket 121, and it has a second fixing plate portion 1221 and a second mounting plate portion 1222 which are perpendicular to each other. The second fixing plate portion 1221 is fixed on the upper surface of the base plate 11, and the second mounting plate portion 1222 vertically extends from one side of the base plate 11 to the bottom of the base plate 11.

[0057] The second distance measuring sensor 22 is mounted on one side of the outer end of the second mounting plate portion 1222 and is located between the second mounting plate portion 1222 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210. The second distance measuring sensor 21 is a laser sensor, and the emission direction of the laser emitted from its detection end is consistent with the axial direction of the outer sleeve 210. The laser passes through the gap between the elastic unit 220 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210 and is projected onto the upper surface of the lower foundation below, thereby being able to detect the relative distance between the outer sleeve 210 and the lower foundation and obtain the corresponding second distance data.

[0058] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the position distribution of the distance measuring sensors in this embodiment.

[0059] like Figure 7 and Fig. 9As shown, the first distance measuring sensor 21 and the second distance measuring sensor 22 are staggered in the axial direction of the outer sleeve 210. The first distance measuring sensor 21 is located above the support end 2222 of the elastic unit 220, and the second distance measuring sensor 22 is located between two adjacent support ends 2222, and also between the opposite support protrusion side edges 21411 of the two support protrusions 214. In this way, the multiple second distance measuring sensors 22 below will not block the laser emitted by the first distance measuring sensor 21.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first distance measuring sensor 21 and the second distance measuring sensor 22 are both laser distance measuring sensors of the same model, with a light spot size of 1 mm, a measuring range of 100±35 mm, a measuring accuracy of 0.1 mm, and a waterproof rating of IP67.

[0061] In this embodiment, since the outer sleeve 210 and the elastic unit 220 have three contact points, there are three first distance measuring sensors 21 and three second distance measuring sensors 22. In an alternative solution, when the outer sleeve 210 and the elastic unit 220 have n contact points, the first distance measuring sensors 21 and the second distance measuring sensors 22 can also be configured to have n first distance measuring sensors 21 and n second distance measuring sensors 22, respectively.

[0062] The support member 14 is in the shape of a circular cylinder, and has external thread protrusions at both ends. The support plate 15 is in the shape of a circular plate, and has a mounting hole in the middle thereof, and the mounting hole has internal threads. The support plate 15 is used to support the power supply unit and the data acquisition unit. One end of the support member 14 is installed in the mounting hole in the middle of the flat plate portion 111, and the other end is installed in the mounting hole in the middle of the support plate 15, so that the support plate 15 is placed above the flat plate portion 111 and parallel to the flat plate portion 111.

[0063] After being installed as a whole, the overall height of the base plate 11, the support member 14 and the support plate 15 is less than half of the distance between the upper cover plate 240 and the upper end surface 221a of the elastic unit 220. Therefore, after installing it in the outer sleeve 210, there is still sufficient space between the upper cover plate 240 and the support plate 15 to install the power supply unit 30, the data acquisition unit 40 and other components such as the required cables.

[0064] The power supply unit 30 is connected to the plurality of first distance measuring sensors 21 , the plurality of second distance measuring sensors 22 and the data acquisition unit 40 through corresponding cables, so as to provide continuous power for their operation.

[0065] The data acquisition unit 40 is connected to the plurality of first distance measuring sensors 21 and the plurality of second distance measuring sensors 22 through cables, and is used to collect distance data measured by these sensors, and can store and export these data.

[0066] In this embodiment, the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit 40 is 100 Hz to 200 kHz.

[0067] In addition, the diameter of the support plate 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve 210, and a circle of gap is also formed between the support plate 15 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210. The cable connected to the power supply unit or the data acquisition unit can extend through the gap to the bottom of the support plate 15 and connect to the sensor.

[0068] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the elastic unit detection device in the present embodiment in use state, Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the stress condition of the elastic unit for detecting the straight section of the track in this embodiment. Fig.10 and Fig.11 The principle of detecting the force condition of the elastic unit based on the distance data measured by the elastic unit detection device 100 is described.

[0069] like Fig.10 As shown, the elastic unit detection device 100 is fixedly installed in the outer sleeve 210 and does not contact the elastic unit 220 below.

[0070] The lasers emitted by the multiple first distance measuring sensors 21 are projected onto the upper end surface 221a of the elastic unit 220 below, and the distance between the outer sleeve 210 and the upper end of the elastic unit 220 can be measured. Since the outer sleeve 210 is fixed in the floating plate 300, the distance is also the distance between the floating plate 300 and the upper end of the elastic unit 220. When the elastic unit 220 is installed in a normal position, the upper end of the elastic unit 220 should always be in contact with the support protrusion 214 in the outer sleeve 210. The force generated by the passing train is transmitted to the floating plate 300 through the rails, and then transmitted to the elastic unit 220 through the outer sleeve 210 in the floating plate 300. Therefore, if the distance measured by the first distance measuring sensor 21 is close to the design value and remains basically unchanged before and after the train passes, it means that the installation state of the elastic unit 220 is normal and the elastic unit 220 bears the force normally; otherwise, it means that the corresponding part of the elastic unit 220 is not in contact with the support protrusion 214 of the outer sleeve 210 or there is no contact, and the elastic unit 220 does not bear the force normally.

[0071] The lasers emitted by multiple second distance measuring sensors 22 are projected onto the upper surface of the lower foundation 400 below, and the distance between the outer sleeve 210 and the upper surface of the lower foundation 400 can be measured. Similarly, the distance between the floating plate 300 and the upper surface of the lower foundation 400 can be measured. When the elastic unit 220 bears the load normally, the distance is also the deformation amount of the elastic unit 220, which corresponds to the magnitude of the force on the elastic unit 220.

[0072] See also Fig.11On the left side, when the lower base 400 is flat and the elastic unit 220 is installed normally, the unit support plate 221 is in contact with the support protrusion 214 in the outer sleeve 210, and there is no gap between them in the vertical direction. The first distance measured by the first distance measuring sensor 21 is recorded as h 20 , before and after the train passes the vibration isolator 200, h 20 The value remains basically unchanged, indicating that the installation status of the elastic unit 220 is normal.

[0073] See also Fig.11 On the middle right side, when the lower base 400 is not flat (for example, it is sunken) and the elastic unit 220 is installed abnormally, there is a vertical gap between the unit support plate 221 and the support protrusion 214 in the outer sleeve 210, and the elastic unit 220 is not subjected to force. The first distance measured by the first distance measuring sensor 21 is recorded as h 21 , before and after the train passes the vibration isolator 200, h 21 The value changes greatly, indicating that there is a gap in the installation of the elastic unit 220.

[0074] The analysis device 600 is used to obtain the first distance data and the second distance data collected from the data collection unit 40 of each elastic unit detection device 100 , and perform data processing and analysis to obtain the force conditions of each elastic unit 220 .

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the analysis device 600 includes a signal data acquisition unit 610, a data preprocessing unit 620, a data alignment processing unit 630, a force condition analysis and determination unit 640, a force magnitude calculation unit 650, a deformation condition analysis and determination unit 660, an analysis device side communication unit 680, and an analysis device side control unit 690.

[0076] The signal data acquisition unit 610 is used to acquire the first distance data and the second distance data of each sensor collected by the data acquisition unit 40 of each elastic unit detection device 100 .

[0077] The data preprocessing unit 620 is used to preprocess the first distance data and the second distance data respectively.

[0078] The data alignment processing unit 630 is used to perform time domain alignment on the pre-processed plurality of first distance data and second distance data to eliminate slight differences in time between the plurality of data acquisition units.

[0079] The force condition analysis and determination unit 640 performs force analysis on the elastic unit based on a plurality of aligned first distance data of the same vibration isolator to determine whether the installation state of the elastic unit is normal and whether it can bear the force normally.

[0080] The force magnitude calculation unit 650 calculates the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on a plurality of aligned second distance data of the same vibration isolator.

[0081] The deformation analysis and determination unit 660 performs deformation analysis on the elastic unit based on a plurality of aligned second distance data of the same vibration isolator to determine whether the force on the elastic unit is uniform and whether there is an eccentric load.

[0082] The communication unit 680 on the analysis device side is used to communicate with other devices, for example, to send the above analysis and judgment results, calculated force magnitude, and deformation magnitude to other computing and analysis devices, so that other computing and analysis devices can perform further computing and analysis based on these data.

[0083] The analysis device side control unit 690 is used to control the operation of the above-mentioned functional units. The specific algorithms of the above-mentioned functional units will be described in detail in the following corresponding methods.

[0084] Fig.12 It is a flow chart of the force and deformation detection method of the track vibration isolation elastic unit in this embodiment.

[0085] like Fig.12 As shown, the method comprises the following steps: Step S1 : acquiring a plurality of first distance data and a plurality of second distance data measured by a plurality of elastic unit detection devices respectively, and pre-processing them respectively.

[0086] The preprocessing includes converting the signal data into electrical signals (converting them into digital signal data), smoothing the converted signal data to reduce noise, removing abnormal values, and performing data zeroing processing. The zeroing processing can zero all the signal data collected by the sensor with a reference, which is convenient for subsequent judgment and detection. The above-mentioned data preprocessing unit 620 adopts the method of step S1.

[0087] Step S2: performing time domain alignment on the preprocessed plurality of first distance data and the preprocessed plurality of second distance data.

[0088] In this embodiment, the data collected by another detection device in the track is used as a reference to achieve data alignment of multiple elastic unit detection devices. Specifically, a load detection device is provided at each short sleeper 310 of the floating plate 300, which is located between the short sleeper 310 and the rail pad under the rail 9. Each load detection device contains two rows of load detection sensors (pressure sensors or piezoelectric sensors). The load detection device can detect the load generated on the rail when the train passes through the position. The structure of the load detection device is a prior art, for example, the structure disclosed in CN115560693A can be adopted, and no further details are given.

[0089] In this embodiment, a load detection device disposed in the middle of the floating plate 300 is used as a reference detection device, and alignment of multi-sensor data is achieved based on the load data collected by the device. Since there are other similar devices around the load detection device in the middle of the plate to bear the load together, the load data in the middle of the plate is relatively stable, with fewer abnormal peaks, and the correspondence between the train bogie and the peaks in the load data is clearer. At the end of the plate, the load detection device only has other similar devices bearing the load together on one side close to the middle of the plate, but not on the other side, so the stability is relatively worse, and when the train passes the end of the plate, the plate end will be warped due to the force, so the load data (time curve) is more complicated, with more abnormal peaks. Therefore, the load detection device in the middle of the plate is used as the reference.

[0090] Therefore, in step S1, the load data of the load detection device in the middle of the plate is also obtained and preprocessed.

[0091] Fig.13 is a flow chart of step S2 in this embodiment.

[0092] like Fig.13 As shown, step S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step S2-1, searching the time domain signal data (load data) of the reference detection device for the wave peak and its time point corresponding to the train bogie.

[0093] The bogie of the train includes two wheel pairs (four wheels). Each peak in the load data corresponds to the event of a wheel passing through a reference detection device, wherein a group of two peaks with a small spacing and a spacing value (i.e., time difference) close to a predetermined value corresponds to a bogie.

[0094] Step S2-2, calculating the time difference between two adjacent peaks to obtain a peak time difference array of each group of peaks.

[0095] Step S2-3, based on the peak time difference array, calculate the cross-correlation coefficients between multiple groups of peaks through a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a cross-correlation array.

[0096] Among them, firstly, a cross-correlation array is created to store the cross-correlation calculation results, and then the cross-correlation coefficients between multiple groups of peaks are calculated, wherein, for each possible lag value (the time lag of each group of peaks relative to the first group of peaks), the product sum of the overlapping parts of the group of peaks and the first group of peaks is calculated as the lag value, and the result of the lag value is stored in the cross-correlation array as the corresponding cross-correlation coefficient.

[0097] Step S2-4, searching for the maximum value position in the cross-correlation array, and obtaining the time point corresponding to the maximum value position as the reference time point, so as to determine the best alignment point between the signal data collected by different detection devices.

[0098] Step S2-5, calculating the train speed based on the wheelbase of the train and the peak time difference between a group of wave peaks corresponding to the train bogie.

[0099] Step S2-6, calculating the time it takes for the train to pass the predetermined distance based on the predetermined distance between the reference detection device and each elastic unit detection device and the train speed.

[0100] Step S2-7, calculating the time shift of the time domain signal data (ie, the first distance data and the second distance data) of each elastic unit detection device relative to the time domain signal data of the reference detection device according to the elapsed time and the reference time point.

[0101] Step S2-8, performing time domain shift on the time domain signal data of each elastic unit detection device according to the corresponding time shift amount, so as to obtain aligned data.

[0102] Among them, the time shift = the distance between the elastic unit detection device and the reference detection device / the train speed + the offset value of the reference time point relative to the coordinate origin.

[0103] Through step S2, the time domain alignment of the sensor data of multiple elastic unit detection devices can be automatically achieved, and the above-mentioned data alignment processing unit 630 adopts the method of step S2. In addition, the data collected by multiple load detection devices can also be aligned in the same way. Optionally, other detection devices are further provided in the track, such as a vibration acceleration detection device for detecting the vibration acceleration of the rail or the floating plate, and the data alignment of multi-source track detection data can also be performed in the same way.

[0104] Step S3, based on the aligned first distance data of the same vibration isolator (ie the same elastic unit detection device), the force analysis of the elastic unit is performed, and it is determined whether the installation state of the elastic unit is normal and whether the force is normally applied.

[0105] Fig.14 is a flow chart of step S3 in this embodiment.

[0106] like Fig.14 As shown, step S3 specifically includes the following sub-steps.

[0107] Step S3-1, calculating and determining the width according to the train speed and elastic unit parameters.

[0108] Among them, the judgment width is used to solve the misjudgment caused by abnormal data fluctuations.

[0109] Fig.15 is an example diagram of distance data collected by the first distance measuring sensor in this embodiment.

[0110] like Fig.15 As shown, in the analysis of the stress condition of the elastic unit, it is necessary to determine whether the measured distance exceeds the predetermined critical value. However, due to equipment reasons such as sensors and data acquisition units, the data may fluctuate abnormally, and abnormal points exceeding the critical value may appear (as shown in the rightmost box in the figure). In order to eliminate misjudgments caused by such abnormal fluctuations, a judgment width is introduced, which is the time required for a wheel of the train to pass through an elastic unit. According to the judgment width, when the values ​​of multiple consecutive data points exceed the critical value (as shown in the three boxes on the left in the figure), it is determined that the installation state of the elastic unit is abnormal.

[0111] Among them, judgment width = rubber spring diameter / train speed.

[0112] Step S3-2, traverse the first distance data collected by each first distance measuring sensor in the same vibration isolator, find out the data points exceeding the critical value, and find out whether there are multiple consecutive data points exceeding the critical value according to the judgment width.

[0113] Specifically, for each data point that exceeds the critical value, its time point is taken as the starting time point, and its time point plus the judgment width is taken as the ending time point, and it is judged whether there are more than a predetermined number of data points that exceed the critical value within the range from the starting time point to the ending time point, for example, whether there are more than three such data points, until the processing of all data points that exceed the critical value is completed.

[0114] Step S3-3: When the answer in step S3-2 is yes, it is determined that the installation state of the elastic unit of the vibration isolator is abnormal and the elastic unit is not normally stressed.

[0115] Step S3-4: locate the abnormal supporting point among the multiple supporting points of the elastic unit according to the number of the first distance measuring sensor corresponding to the first distance data of the multiple data points exceeding the critical value.

[0116] Since the installation position of each ranging sensor is fixed, the number of each ranging sensor can be stored in advance in correspondence with its installation position coordinates and installation position description. Then, based on the number of the ranging sensor corresponding to the distance data that determines that the installation status is abnormal, the installation position coordinates and installation position description of the ranging sensor can be obtained, thereby locating the support point with abnormal status (the contact part between the elastic unit and the multiple supporting protrusions inside the outer sleeve).

[0117] Step S3-5, when the judgment in step S3-2 is no, that is, no consecutive data points exceeding the critical value are detected in the first distance data of all the first distance measuring sensors of a vibration isolator, it is determined that the installation state of the elastic unit of the vibration isolator is normal and the elastic unit is normally stressed.

[0118] Through step S3, the elastic unit with abnormal installation status can be automatically determined based on the collected distance data, and the specific support point of the elastic unit with abnormal installation status can be output. The force condition analysis and determination unit 640 adopts the method of step S3.

[0119] Step S4, calculating the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the aligned second distance data of the same vibration isolator and a typical force-displacement curve of the predetermined elastic unit.

[0120] Fig.16 is an example diagram of a typical force-displacement curve of the elastic unit in this embodiment, wherein the force, i.e., the value of the pressure applied to the elastic unit, and the displacement, i.e., the deformation of the elastic unit, correspond to the measured second distance data. As the force applied to the elastic unit increases, the displacement also increases, and when the applied force is large (greater than 50 kN), the rate of increase of the displacement becomes faster.

[0121] In step S4, the average value of the plurality of second distance data is calculated, and then the force magnitude of the elastic unit is calculated in combination with the typical force-displacement curve. Specifically, the force magnitude is obtained by multiplying the average value by the typical force-displacement curve.

[0122] Step S5, based on the aligned multiple second distance data of the same vibration isolator, fitting the plane where the multiple supporting points of the elastic unit are located, and judging whether the force on the elastic unit is uniform according to the plane.

[0123] Specifically, the z-axis coordinate of the corresponding support point can be calculated according to the distance measured by the second distance measuring sensor 22. Since the horizontal position distribution of the multiple support points of the elastic unit is basically fixed, the corresponding predetermined values ​​can be taken as the x-axis and y-axis coordinates of each support point to obtain the spatial coordinates of each support point, and then a plane is fitted based on multiple spatial coordinates (three in this embodiment, and one plane can be directly determined), and then it is determined whether the plane is horizontal. When it is determined to be so, the elastic unit is evenly stressed. When it is not horizontal, the elastic unit is unevenly stressed, and the unbalanced load situation can be determined according to the coordinates of each support point, that is, according to the z-axis coordinate, the support point that is closer to the lower foundation is subjected to greater force.

[0124] Optionally, when it is determined in step S3 that the installation state of the elastic unit is normal, steps S4 to S5 are performed.

[0125] Through the above steps, it is possible to automatically determine whether the elastic units of each vibration isolator in the floating plate track are normally stressed, the magnitude of the stress, and whether the stress is uniform. In addition, the above detection data can be further used to achieve further analysis and track optimization design. The following two examples are given for illustrative purposes.

[0126] For example, there are multiple vibration isolators 200 in the same floating plate 300, which are arranged in two rows along the length direction thereof. The above method can be used to obtain the force magnitudes of the elastic units 220 in the multiple vibration isolators 200, so as to analyze the difference in force magnitudes of the elastic units 220 in the middle of the plate and at the ends of the plate, and then the multiple elastic units 220 in the same floating plate 300 can be optimized, for example, the elastic units 220 in the middle of the plate and the elastic units 220 at the ends of the plate can be designed to have different stiffnesses accordingly.

[0127] For another example, in a curved section of a track, the stress conditions of each elastic unit can also be measured by the above method, and then the stress conditions and differences in force magnitude of the elastic units on the inside and outside of the curved section can be analyzed, and then the elastic units on the inside and outside of the curved section can be optimized, for example, designed to have different stiffnesses.

[0128] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the stress condition of the elastic unit for detecting the curved track section in this embodiment.

[0129] like Fig.17 As shown, in the vibration isolator 200 outside the track curve section, the distance measured by the second distance measuring sensor 22 is h 1w In the inner vibration isolator 200, the distance measured by the second ranging sensor 22 is h 1n Before and after the train passes through the curve section, the maximum Δh 1w It can represent the maximum compression deformation of the outer elastic unit 220, the maximum Δh 1n It can represent the maximum compression deformation of the inner elastic unit 220. According to Δh 1w , Δh 1n As well as the above typical force-displacement curve, the force magnitudes F1 and F2 of the outer and inner elastic units 220 when the train passes through the curve section can be inferred, so that the design can be optimized according to the force magnitudes.

[0130] This embodiment has the following functions and effects.

[0131] According to the force and deformation detection method, device and track system of the track vibration isolation elastic unit provided in this embodiment, the method includes the steps of obtaining distance data from the elastic unit detection device, aligning the data in the time domain, analyzing and judging the installation status of the elastic unit based on the first distance data of the same vibration isolator, and calculating the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the second distance data of the same vibration isolator, wherein, since the elastic unit detection device is arranged inside the vibration isolator, it does not affect the passage of the train, and the distance data related to the elastic unit can be collected and analyzed when the track is actually opened to traffic, so as to obtain the force and / or deformation of each elastic unit in the actual operation process, and then judge whether the installation status of each elastic unit is normal, whether it is normally bearing force, and the specific force magnitude, so that in the actual operation of the track, it can be timely discovered that some elastic units are not subjected to force, the force is abnormal, etc., and based on the analysis and judgment results, the floating plate track can be better optimized and designed.

[0132] In the embodiment, the raw data collected by the detection device is preprocessed, including smoothing the data, eliminating abnormal data, and returning the data to zero. After the preprocessing, the noise in the raw data can be reduced, and the impact of passing trains on the installation status of each detection device can be eliminated, which is conducive to obtaining more accurate alignment results later.

[0133] Furthermore, in the data time domain alignment, the load detection device set in the middle of the floating track plate is used as the reference detection device. Since there are multiple pad devices in the middle of the track plate that bear the load together and are relatively stable, there are basically no abnormal peaks in the time history curve collected by the load detection device in the middle of the plate, and there are few other abnormal values. The correspondence between multiple peaks and train bogies is clear and definite. Therefore, it is used as the reference detection device, and the search for characteristic points (peaks) is more convenient and accurate. Correspondingly, the subsequent calculated train speed and time shift are also more accurate, and the multi-source detection data can be more accurately aligned in the time domain. Furthermore, the maximum correlation algorithm can effectively determine the optimal alignment point between the signals. Since a variety of detection devices are fixedly installed in the track structure, the known device spacing, the calculated train speed, and the reference time point when the train passes the reference detection device can be used to obtain an accurate time shift, and the calculation amount is very small, which can be used for automatic time domain alignment of large-scale multi-source detection data.

[0134] Furthermore, in the elastic unit detection device, the second distance measuring sensor is installed between the outer end of the second sensor bracket and the outer sleeve, and the gap between the two adjacent support ends of the elastic unit and the gap between the outer periphery of the elastic unit and the outer sleeve are used to detect the lower foundation below, so the laser emitted by the second distance measuring sensor can be projected onto the lower foundation without obstruction. Through the installation positions of multiple sensor brackets, multiple first distance measuring sensors and multiple second distance measuring sensors are staggered in the surface direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the outer sleeve, so the multiple second distance measuring sensors below will not block the laser emitted by the first distance measuring sensor above, and even when the number of sensors is further increased, it can be ensured that the upper sensor is not affected.

[0135] Furthermore, the elastic unit detection device also includes a power supply unit and a data acquisition unit installed in the outer sleeve. Since each detection device is provided with an independent power supply unit, during the detection process, there is no need to power the sensor in the isolator through cables, etc., nor is it necessary to connect the sensor to an external data acquisition instrument through cables. The overall appearance of the floating plate is exactly the same as when the detection device is not installed, so it will not cause any impact on the normal operation of the line, and long-term monitoring can be achieved during the normal operation of the line.

[0136] Furthermore, by searching for data points exceeding the critical value in the first distance data, the elastic units with abnormal installation status can be automatically determined, and by designing the judgment width, the misjudgment caused by abnormal values ​​can be eliminated, and the judgment accuracy is higher. On this basis, when it is determined that the installation status of the elastic unit is abnormal, the support point with abnormal status can also be automatically located, so that very accurate information can be provided to the track maintenance personnel, which is conducive to timely eliminating problems and allowing all elastic units to play their vibration reduction role.

[0137] Furthermore, the force on the elastic unit when the train passes by can be automatically calculated through the second distance data and the predetermined typical force-displacement curve of the elastic unit. Combined with the automatic analysis and judgment of the above-mentioned installation status, it is also possible to timely discover the aging of the rubber spring in the elastic unit, the weakening of the vibration reduction performance, etc., and provide valuable reference data for the optimal design of the elastic unit.

[0138] Furthermore, based on the second distance data, the planes where multiple support points are located can be fitted, so as to determine whether the multiple support points are evenly stressed and whether there is any overloading. Therefore, fine-grained information can be provided to track inspection and maintenance personnel so that they can replace or adjust the elastic unit so that the elastic unit works in a more ideal state.

[0139] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the description scope of the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit, characterized in that: An elastic unit detection device in an outer sleeve of the vibration isolator fixed in the floating plate track detects the force and / or deformation of the elastic unit of the vibration isolator, wherein the elastic unit detection device is used to detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the upper end of the elastic unit to obtain first distance data, and to detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the lower foundation below the vibration isolator to obtain second distance data. The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, respectively acquiring the first distance data and the second distance data from a plurality of elastic unit detection devices, and preprocessing them respectively; Step S2, performing time domain alignment on the preprocessed first distance data and the second distance data; Step S3, performing force analysis on the elastic unit based on the first distance data after alignment of the same vibration isolator, and determining whether the installation state of the elastic unit is normal; and Step S4, calculating the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the aligned second distance data of the same vibration isolator and a predetermined typical force-displacement curve of the elastic unit.

2. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 1, Features: Wherein, step S2 includes the following sub-steps: Step S2-1, searching for a wave peak and its time point corresponding to the train bogie in the time domain signal data of a reference detection device, wherein the reference detection device is a load detection device arranged in the floating plate track, and is used to detect the rail load; Step S2-2, calculating the time difference between two adjacent peaks to obtain a peak time difference array of each group of peaks; Step S2-3, based on the peak time difference array, calculating the cross-correlation coefficients between the multiple groups of peaks by a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a cross-correlation array; Step S2-4, searching for the maximum value position in the cross-correlation array, and obtaining the time point corresponding to the maximum value position as the reference time point; Step S2-5, calculating the train speed according to the wheelbase of the train and the peak time difference between a group of the wave peaks corresponding to the bogie; Step S2-6, calculating the time it takes for the train to pass the predetermined distance according to the predetermined distance between the reference detection device and each of the elastic unit detection devices and the train speed; Step S2-7, calculating the time shift of the time domain signal data of each of the elastic unit detection devices relative to the time domain signal data of the reference detection device according to the elapsed time and the reference time point; Step S2-8, performing time domain shift on the time domain signal data of each elastic unit detection device according to the corresponding time shift amount, so as to obtain aligned data.

3. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, Step S3 includes the following sub-steps: Step S3-1, calculating and determining the width according to the train speed and the parameters of the elastic unit; Step S3-2, traversing each of the first distance data in the same vibration isolator, finding out the data points that exceed the predetermined critical value, and finding out whether there are multiple consecutive data points that exceed the critical value according to the judgment width; Step S3-3, when the answer in step S3-2 is yes, it is determined that the installation state of the elastic unit is abnormal; Step S3-5: When the answer in step S3-2 is "No", it is determined that the installation state of the elastic unit is normal.

4. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The elastic unit comprises a rubber spring, The judgment width = the diameter of the rubber spring / the train speed, In step S3-2, for each data point that exceeds the critical value, its time point is taken as the starting time point, and its time point plus the judgment width is taken as the ending time point, and it is determined whether there are more than a predetermined number of data points that exceed the critical value within the range from the starting time point to the ending time point.

5. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The elastic unit has a plurality of supporting points for contacting the outer sleeve, The elastic unit detection device has a plurality of first distance measuring sensors, which are respectively and correspondingly arranged above the plurality of support points, and are used to obtain the first distance data at each of the support points. Step S3 also includes: Step S3-4: locating the support point with an abnormal state among the multiple support points according to the number of the first distance measuring sensor corresponding to the first distance data of the multiple consecutive data points exceeding the critical value.

6. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, The elastic unit detection device has a plurality of second distance measuring sensors, which are arranged staggered with the plurality of first distance measuring sensors, and are used to obtain the second distance data. In step S4, an average value of a plurality of the second distance data is calculated, and then the force magnitude of the elastic unit is calculated in combination with the typical force-displacement curve.

7. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Step S5, based on the aligned plurality of second distance data of the same vibration isolator, fitting the plane where the plurality of supporting points of the elastic unit are located, and judging whether the force on the elastic unit is uniform according to the plane.

8. The method for detecting force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: in, In step S5, the spatial coordinates of each of the support points are calculated according to the multiple second distance data, the plane is fitted based on the multiple spatial coordinates, and it is determined whether the plane is horizontal. When it is judged to be yes, it is determined that the force on the elastic unit is uniform; when it is judged to be no, it is determined that the force on the elastic unit is uneven, and the overload situation is determined according to the spatial coordinates of each of the support points.

9. A device for analyzing the force and deformation of a track vibration isolation elastic unit, characterized in that: The elastic unit of the vibration isolator is detected by the elastic unit detection device fixed in the outer sleeve of the vibration isolator to detect the force and / or deformation, and the elastic unit detection device is used to detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the upper end of the elastic unit to obtain first distance data, and to detect the distance from the outer sleeve to the lower foundation below the vibration isolator to obtain second distance data. The device includes: A signal data acquisition unit, configured to acquire the first distance data and the second distance data from a plurality of elastic unit detection devices; A data preprocessing unit, used for preprocessing the first distance data and the second distance data respectively; A data alignment processing unit, used for performing time domain alignment on the preprocessed first distance data and the second distance data; a force condition analysis and determination unit, configured to perform force analysis on the elastic unit based on the first distance data after alignment of the same vibration isolator, and determine whether the installation state of the elastic unit is normal; and The force magnitude calculation unit is used to calculate the force magnitude of the elastic unit based on the aligned second distance data of the same vibration isolator and a predetermined typical force-displacement curve of the elastic unit.

10. A track system, characterized in that: include: A floating plate track comprises a plurality of floating plates and a plurality of vibration isolators, wherein each of the floating plates is arranged on a lower foundation through the plurality of vibration isolators; A plurality of elastic unit detection devices, respectively arranged in each of the vibration isolators, for detecting the force and / or deformation of the elastic unit in the vibration isolator; as well as A track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device is used to obtain detection data from a plurality of elastic unit detection devices, and analyze the force and / or deformation of the elastic unit based on the detection data. Wherein, the track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device is the track vibration isolation elastic unit force and deformation analysis device as claimed in claim 9.

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